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Summary of Contents for Kinemetrics EpiSensor2 Shallow Borehole
- Page 1 KINE EMET TRICS, , Inc. EpiS nsor w Bo ehol trong g Moti on Ac ccele rome eter User r Manu ocument 305 5802 Revision n NC December 2 2015...
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Table of Contents No User‐Serviced Parts ........................ i ii Electrical Safety Notice ........................ i ii Introduction and Product Description .................... 1 Electrical Connections ........................ 3 Operational Control of the Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 ............. 6 Full‐Scale Ranges ......................... 7 Digitizer Enable Lines (Q330 used for this description) .............. 7 RS‐422 Command Line Interface .................... 7 Range Signaling ........................... 7 AUTOZERO ........................... 8 ... - Page 4 HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Activity Timeout and Disable .................... 14 Seconds and Ticks ........................ 14 Shipping and Handling ....................... 14 Deployment Hardware Interfaces ..................... 15 Contact Kinemetrics ........................ 17 Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 Specifications ................ 18 Table of Figures Figure 1 Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 module. ................ 2 Figure 2 Details of pigtail end of cable. .................. 6 Figure 3 Pulse‐train range signal for +/‐4 g range. ................ 8 Figure 4 Top Cap details and mounting hole pattern. .............. 16 Table ...
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Page 5: No User-Serviced Parts
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION No User‐Serviced Parts The Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 is a self‐contained seismic accelerometer packaged in a slimline borehole package. There is no reason to open the sensor package, or to modify the electronics or sensor elements contained within it. There are no internal manual adjustments to make, nor are there any user‐serviced parts within the sensor. Opening and/or modifying the sensor is unnecessary, and doing so will void the instrument's warranty. Electrical Safety Notice As with all electrical instruments, potentially lethal potentials can be present on all metal surfaces, including conductors within any cables. Proper grounding of these elements is important to minimize these risks. The user of this product is responsible for its installation and operation in a safe manner, and in accordance with all local requirements for electrical safety. ... -
Page 7: Introduction And Product Description
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Introduction and Product Description The Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 is an advanced force‐balance, triaxial accelerometer that builds upon the outstanding record of its predecessor, the EpiSensor (the world's first seismological‐grade strong motion accelerometer). It is packaged for small diameter borehole applications, to depths of about 100 meters. The high dynamic range of the EpiSensor2 allows both weak and strong motion recording from a single sensor. The EpiSensor2 provides a broad set of electronically‐controlled operational modes, including range‐switching (allowing 4g, 2g, 1g, 0.5g, and 0.25g peak, full‐scale ranges), Offset removal (AUTOZERO mode), and calibration. These modes can be controlled remotely, either via the digitizer (using selected enable lines) or via an RS‐422 command line interface. An important feature of the EpiSensor2 is its very low quiescent power consumption: under 350 mW. The sensor consumes 60% to 70% lower power than competing strong motion accelerometers. This makes it ideal for remote, battery‐powered applications. The Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 module, including its potted cable, is shown in Figure 1. Page 1 December 2015... - Page 8 305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE ISENSOR OCUMENT EVIS SION Figure 1 Shallow Bor rehole EpiSe ensor2 modu ule. Page 2 Decembe r 2015...
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Page 9: Electrical Connections
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Electrical Connections The Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 contains an integral potted cable, design for high reliability and long lifetime, at depth. The cable is “pigtailed”, providing bare wire connections at its outer end. Figure 2 shows a close up of the pigtailed end. This reflects the existence of three (3) “bundles” of wires: Signal Bundle (SB), Control Bundle (CB), and Power Bundle (PB). Each bundle is wrapped with insulating tubing at the pigtailed and, and each comes with a dedicated drain wire that has black insulation on it.. The connection details of the cable are shown in Table 1. Pigtaile End Connection Signal Notes Wire 1/Pair 1 (SB): White X_ACC_PLUS Wire 2/Pair 1 (SB): Black ACC_MINUS Wire 1/Pair 2 (SB): White Y_ACC_PLUS Wire 2/Pair 2 (SB): Brown Y_ACC_MINUS ... - Page 10 305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Wire 1/Pair 6 (CB): White X_RANGE_VOLTAGE Wire 2/Pair 6 (CB): Green MSP430_RESET_FIELD Wire 1/Pair 7 (CB): White CAL_ENABLE_FIELD Wire 2/Pair 7 (CB): Blue AUTOZERO_ENABLE_FIELD Wire 1/Pair 8 (CB): White CAL_PLUS Wire 2/Pair 8 (CB) :Violet CAL_MINUS ...
- Page 11 Signal Bundle (SB) Drain Wire (Black Insulation) SIGNAL_BUNDLE_SHIELD Control Bundle (CB) Drain Wire (Black Insulation) CONTROL_BUNDLE_SHIELD Power Bundle (PB) Drain Wire (Black Insulation) CASE_GND Table 1 Connections to sensor through pigtail cable. The “FIELD” suffix reflects those lines that are outside the system's galvanic isolation barrier. Generally, we recommend connecting the Signal Bundle (SB) and Control Bundle (CB) shields, to an Analog Ground signal, at the digitizer end. For users of Quanterra Q330 or Kinemetrics' Rock series digitizers, these would connect to digitizer pins C and F, respectively. The digital enable lines are fully‐isolated from other lines in the system. They operate over an approximate 2V to 10V input range. The RS‐422 interface is fully isolated as well. The power inputs (pins b and c) require voltage range of 9‐36V at the sensor input. This galvanically‐isolated input has reverse‐polarity protection, as well as overcurrent protection. The ANALOG_GND ground line is the common mode voltage reference for the differential signal lines. It also serves as the reference ground for the range voltage signals. The calibration (CAL) input is differential, with a +/‐12V range. The common mode reference for these signals is ANALOG ground. DO NOT USE THE ELECTRICAL CABLE FOR LIFTING!!! As discussed below, there is a bolt pattern on the sensor top cap designed for lifting/deployment hardware. Please contact Kinemetrics to discuss specific cable requirements. ...
- Page 12 05802, A HALLOW OREHOLE ISENSOR OCUMENT EVIS SION Figure 2 Details of p pigtail end o f cable. Opera ational C Control o of the Sha allow Bo orehole EpiSens sor2 The sens or can be co ontrolled in t two ways: d igitizer enab ble lines (rem mote) and RS S‐422 (local and/or re emote). Usin ng either of t these, the o perator can control the ...
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Page 13: Full-Scale Ranges
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Full‐Scale Ranges The Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 supports five digitally‐selectable ranges (with nominal scale factors): Range 5: +/‐4g (5 V/g) Range 4:+/‐2g (10 V/g) Range 3: +/‐1g (20 V/g) Range 2: +/‐0.5g (40 V/g) Range 1: +/‐0.25g (80 V/g) The scale factors for these ranges are factory‐trimmed to an accuracy of +/‐ 0.25%. Digitizer Enable Lines (Q330 used for this description) 1. The sensor monitors the Q330's Generic Enable line 3 (“AUX 2”). 2. A pulse‐length encoding scheme is used to select the range Asserting the line for between 4.5 and 5.5 seconds places the sensor range at +/‐4g Asserting the line for between 3.5 and 4.5 seconds places the sensor range at +/‐2g Asserting the line for between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds places the sensor range at +/‐1g Asserting the line for between 1.5 and 2.5 seconds places the sensor range at +/‐ 0.5g Asserting the line for between 0.5 and 1.5 seconds places the sensor range at +/‐ 0.25g RS‐422 Command Line Interface 1. At the MAIN prompt, enter “enable12345” to allow access to command menus 2. -
Page 14: Autozero
05802, A HALLOW OREHOLE ISENSOR OCUMENT EVIS SION 1 pulse fo or +/‐0.25g r range This signa al is output a at power‐ON N, following a RESET eve ent, and follo owing any ra ange‐setting g activity. T Typical pulse es, for 4g ran nge, are sho own in Figure e 3. Figure 3 Pulse‐train range signa al for +/‐4 g range. AUTOZ ERO The Shall low Borehol e EpiSensor 2 has an aut... -
Page 15: Q330 Enable Lines (Q330 Used For This Description)
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Q330 Enable Lines (Q330 used for this description) 1. The sensor monitors Q330 CAL_ENABLE line 2. Asserting the line enables CAL. Signals presented at the CAL+/‐ input pins of the connector will be injected into the calibration circuit of the sensor 3. De‐asserting the line disables CAL 4. The sensor operates seamlessly with the standard “Start/Stop Sensor Calibration” commands in the Q330 control software (Willard). RS‐422 Command Line Interface 1. At the MAIN prompt, enter “enable12345” to allow access to command menus 2. Type “OPERATE” to select OPERATE page 3. At the OPERATE prompt, type command to select range: “CALON” enables CAL “CALOFF” disables CAL RESET Asserting the Q330 Generic Enable 2 (“AUX 1”) line rests the sensor. It effect is equivalent to a Power‐ON‐RESET (POR) event, without interrupting the power. Setup and Initial Operation The Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 should be deployed within a well‐formed hole that completely surrounds and covers the sensor. The sensitive horizontal directions (X and Y) are defined via a marking (so‐called “N”) on the top cap of the sensor. The line next to “N” is ... -
Page 16: Full-Scale Range Selection
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION motion accelerometer”! Typically, the best system performance will be achieved by use of a Q330HR (26‐bit) digitizer, with its preamplifiers OFF. Full‐Scale Range Selection Sensor dynamic range is typically highest on the highest full‐scale range settings (+/‐4g and +/‐ 2g), where the 1 Hz dynamic range is in excess of 160 dB. However, sensor self‐noise typically drops with range setting (although noise on 0.5g and 0.25g ranges are practically identical). The choice of (peak) full‐scale range should ensure that there is near‐zero chance of clipping due to maximum local accelerations. Users should select ranges above the maximum expected signal. AUTOZERO Mode The AUTOZERO system records and corrects the sensor offsets in situ. This correction cancels fixed mechanical offsets in the sensor element, as well as tilt‐related offsets due to sensor mounting. It injects a separate feedback current that is automatically generated to cancel the observed offset. AUTOZERO is either OFF (standard mode), or ON. Any time that the sensor is RESET, or it experiences a Power‐ON‐RESET, or the AUTOZERO is explicitly set via the various control interfaces, the sensor re‐calculates and corrects its offsets. When continuously powered, the sensor retains the same offset removal current setting. AUTOZERO requires higher quiescent power consumption (about 120 mW extra), and it increases self‐noise levels. Unless the user has special requirements (e.g., using a very low dynamic range digitizer requiring the use of input preamplifiers), we recommend leaving the AUTOZERO in its OFF state. Any modern digitizer, as well as many data analysis algorithms, are not affected by DC‐offsets in the signals, or in the digital data. Calibration (CAL) Calibration is seamlessly supported through the digitizer connection. This includes a digital control line for connecting the (differential) calibration input signals to the sensor elements, and use of the voltage sources provided by the digitizer. For the Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 (with DC‐320+Hz bandwidth), random noise is an excellent calibration stimulus source. Retention of Settings The current full‐scale range and AUTOZERO status (ON or OFF) is stored in EEPROM within the sensor. These settings are updated whenever the status is changed by the user (or the ... -
Page 17: Input Power Requirements
P2 = ‐1340+/‐3350j (radians/second) The full response is defined as: V (s) = G |P1| |P2| (s – P1)(s – P1*)(s – P2)(s ‐ P2*) where G is the scalar responsivity (Volts/Standard g). (A standard g is defined as 9.81 m/sec ). Input Power Requirements The Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 operates from a wide (9‐36V) input supply range. The quiescent power consumption (input power in the absence of significant seismic signals, with the RS‐422 interface disconnected) is under 350 mW. Typically, the current draw is 25 to 28 mA @ 12V. A persistent RS‐422 connection increases power consumption by 10 to 20 mW. Dynamic signals increase instantaneous power consumption. A typical rule of thumb is that for every 1g increase in input signal, per axis, power consumption increases by about 150 mW. At the absolute highest drive levels: 4g simultaneously on each of the three axes (unheard of from natural seismic sources), this excess power consumption would amount to about 1.8W. Naturally, dynamic signals impose lower mean energy demands. Also, exact temporal correlation between signals on the three axes is very unlikely. The absolute maximum dynamic input power is almost certainly lower than 1.8W. As such, the maximum input power requirements, quiescent plus dynamic, is expected to be under 2W. As such, a low impedance, 2W power supply is sufficient for the EpiSensor2. Like most analog sensor products, the power input has a moderate level of input capacitance (a few tens of microfarads). Any competent power source should be able to provide the instantaneous inrush currents (a few amps over a few tens of microseconds) required to charge these capacitors. Battery power is ideal. Also, the Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 has been fully tested using the integral sensor power supplies provided by the Quanterra Q330‐series, and Kinemetrics Rock‐series digitizers. Although the sensor electronics employ multiple stages of power supply (noise) rejection, it is always best to use clean, well‐regulated input power. Page 11 December 2015... -
Page 18: Rs-422 Command Line Interface
Commands: OPERATE: Selects Sensor Control Menu RESPONSE: Selects RESPONSE Menu SAFE: Disables Sensor System Control ENABLE######: Enables Sensor System Control(###### is Password) STATUS: Print System Status Info ?: Help For Info on specific Command Seconds=4179 Ticks=42 Epi2.0 Main Menu:MAIN> The “status” command prompts the system to print out a set of system‐related data: Epi2.0 Main Menu:MAIN> status Kinemetrics Borehole Episensor2.0 Serial Number 50015 Borehole Episensor2.0 Power Board Number: 40016 Borehole Episensor2.0 Main Board Number: 20015 Page 12 December 2015... -
Page 19: Password Protection
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Borehole Episensor2.0 Digital Board Number: 30015 Borehole Episensor2.0 MSP430 Code Revision 13.02.00 X Sensor Module Serial Number: Number 2071 Y Sensor Module Serial Number: Number 2234 Z Sensor Module Serial Number: Number 1130 Sensor FS Range is 4g AUTOZERO is OFF CAL is OFF... -
Page 20: Activity Timeout And Disable
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Seconds=4364 Ticks=36 Epi2.0 Operate Menu:OPERATE> Response Page Commands Epi2.0 Response Menu:RESPONSE> ? Commands: SCALE: Shows Scale Factor for Each Range and Axis STATUS: Prints Current Sensor Response Values SAFE: Disables Sensor System Control RETURN: Return to Previous Menu ?: Help for info on specific command Seconds=4421... -
Page 21: Deployment Hardware Interfaces
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION While it is called a “strong motion” accelerometer, the Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 is still a precision instrument that should be handled with care. Avoid strong shocks during shipment and installation. It is recommended that customers utilize the original foam‐filled packaging during any shipment and transport. Deployment Hardware Interfaces Figure 4 shows a bolt pattern on the sensor top cap that is designed to allow attachment of various deployment hardware. There are bolt holes (Qty. 6 of 8‐32) and alignment pin holes (Qty. 2 of 0.126” diameter). At a minimum, the user should use the bolt holes for attachment of a lifting rope, when deployments are deeper than arm's length (where the sensor body van be held). DO NOT USE THE ELECTRICAL CABLE FOR LIFTING!!! Please contact Kinemetrics to discuss deployment details and recommendations. Page 15 December 2015... - Page 22 305802, A HALLOW W OREHOLE PISEN NSOR OCUMENT EVISIO ON Figure 4 4 Top Cap detai ils and mountin n g hole pattern. . Page 16 December 2 2015...
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Page 23: Contact Kinemetrics
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Contact Kinemetrics Please contact Kinemetrics with any questions or issues regarding this product. 1‐626‐795‐2220 (Phone) support@kmi.com www.kinemetrics.com Page 17 December 2015... -
Page 24: Shallow Borehole Episensor2 Specifications
305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Shallow Borehole EpiSensor2 Specifications Architecture: Triaxial, force‐balance accelerometer with capacitive displacement transducer; X/Y/Z (non‐Galperin) configuration Centering: Optional AUTOZERO mode to allow removal of static sensor offsets (zeroed to within ±0.005 g) Full‐scale Range: Electronically (and remotely) selectable range: ±4 g, ±2 g, ±1 g, ±0.5 g, and ±0.25 g (peak) Bandwidth: DC to >320 Hz (‐3 dB point) Dynamic Range: (Integrated RMS) 166 dB @ 1 Hz over 1 Hz bandwidth 155 dB, 3 to 30 Hz Non‐linearity: < 0.015% total non‐linearity Hysteresis: < 0.005% of full scale Cross‐axis Sensitivity: < 0.5% total Offset Temperature Coefficient Horizontal sensor: 60 g/°C, typical Vertical sensor: 320 g/°C, typical Power Supply Voltage: 9 to 36 V DC isolated input Power Consumption: <350 mW typical quiescent ... - Page 25 305802, A HALLOW OREHOLE PISENSOR OCUMENT EVISION Full‐Scale Range Remote Signaling Mass Position Interface: Range‐dependent voltage output on traditional broadband sensor m ass position lines Signal Line Interface: Time/Amplitude‐coded pulse train superimposed on differential signal lines: signaled upon full‐scale range change, or upon power‐ON reset Electrical Interface Acceleration Output: Up to 40 Vpp differential Output Impedance: Under 2 x 100 Ohms Calibration Input: Protected, differential input for exciting all three axes simultaneously; +/‐15V Peak; acceleration‐equivalent stimulus Cable: Polyurethane‐jacketed cable potted into sensor cap; outbound end is pigtailed; ...
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