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National Instruments PXI-6230 User Manual

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  • Page 1 PXI-6230...
  • Page 2 DAQ M Series NI 6230 User Manual NI 6230 User Manual January 2006 371596A-01...
  • Page 3 Thailand 662 278 6777, United Kingdom 44 0 1635 523545 For further support information, refer to the Technical Support and Professional Services appendix. To comment on National Instruments documentation, refer to the National Instruments Web site at and enter ni.com/info the info code feedback ©...
  • Page 4 Instruments Corporation. National Instruments respects the intellectual property of others, and we ask our users to do the same. NI software is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. Where NI software may be used to reproduce software or other materials belonging to others, you may use NI software only to reproduce materials that you may reproduce in accordance with the terms of any applicable license or other legal restriction.
  • Page 5 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE APPROPRIATE DESIGN, PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION.
  • Page 6 These classes are known as Class A (for use in industrial-commercial locations only) or Class B (for use in residential or commercial locations). All National Instruments (NI) products are FCC Class A products. Depending on where it is operated, this Class A product could be subject to restrictions in the FCC rules. (In Canada, the Department of Communications (DOC), of Industry Canada, regulates wireless interference in much the same way.) Digital...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Device Specifications ....................1-2 Device Accessories and Cables ..................1-2 Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview DAQ Hardware ......................2-1 DAQ-STC2......................2-2 Calibration Circuitry..................2-3 Sensors and Transducers....................2-3 Cables and Accessories....................2-4 Custom Cabling ....................2-4 Programming Devices in Software ................2-5 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 8 Contents Chapter 3 Connector Information I/O Connector Signal Descriptions................3-1 RTSI Connector Pinout ....................3-2 Chapter 4 Analog Input Analog Input Circuitry ....................4-1 Analog Input Range....................... 4-2 Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings ..............4-4 Configuring AI Ground-Reference Settings in Software ....4-6 Multichannel Scanning Considerations.................
  • Page 9 Routing AO Start Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal....5-7 AO Pause Trigger Signal.................5-7 Using a Digital Source ..............5-8 Routing AO Pause Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal....5-9 AO Sample Clock Signal.................5-9 Using an Internal Source..............5-9 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 10 Contents Using an External Source ..............5-9 Routing AO Sample Clock Signal to an Output Terminal ....5-9 Other Timing Requirements ............. 5-9 AO Sample Clock Timebase Signal..............5-10 Getting Started with AO Applications in Software............5-11 Chapter 6 Digital Input and Output I/O Protection ........................
  • Page 11 Arm Start Trigger ....................7-31 Start Trigger.....................7-31 Pause Trigger....................7-31 Other Counter Features ....................7-32 Cascading Counters ..................7-32 Counter Filters ....................7-32 Prescaling ......................7-33 Duplicate Count Prevention ................7-34 Example Application That Works Correctly (No Duplicate Counting)..............7-34 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 12 Contents Example Application That Works Incorrectly (Duplicate Counting) ..............7-35 Example Application That Prevents Duplicate Count...... 7-35 When To Use Duplicate Count Prevention ........7-36 Enabling Duplicate Count Prevention in NI-DAQmx...... 7-37 Synchronization Modes................... 7-37 80 MHz Source Mode............... 7-38 Other Internal Source Mode .............
  • Page 13 Appendix A NI 6230 Device Information NI 6230 Pinout.......................A-1 NI 6230 Specifications....................A-3 NI 6230 Accessory and Cabling Options ..............A-3 Appendix B Troubleshooting Appendix C Technical Support and Professional Services Glossary Index © National Instruments Corporation xiii NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 14: About This Manual

    This font is also used for the proper names of disk drives, paths, directories, programs, subprograms, subroutines, device names, functions, operations, variables, filenames, and extensions. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 15: Related Documentation

    Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ»DAQ Getting Started Guide. The NI-DAQ Readme lists which devices are supported by this version of NI-DAQ. Select Start»All Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ» NI-DAQ Readme. The NI-DAQmx Help contains general information about measurement concepts, key NI-DAQmx concepts, and common applications that are applicable to all programming environments.

  • Page 16: Ni-Daqmx Base

    NI-DAQmx Base VI Reference Help. The NI-DAQmx Base C Reference Help contains C reference and general information about measurement concepts. Select Start»All Programs» National Instruments»NI-DAQmx Base»Documentation»C Function Reference Manual. LabVIEW If you are a new user, use the Getting Started with LabVIEW manual to...

  • Page 17: Labwindows/Cvi

    About This Manual Taking Measurements—Contains the conceptual and how-to • information you need to acquire and analyze measurement data in LabVIEW, including common measurements, measurement fundamentals, NI-DAQmx key concepts, and device considerations. ™ ™ LabWindows /CVI The Data Acquisition book of the LabWindows/CVI Help contains measurement concepts for NI-DAQmx.

  • Page 18: Device Documentation And Specifications

    PDFs. Refer to the Adobe Systems Incorporated Web site at to download Acrobat Reader. Refer to the www.adobe.com National Instruments Product Manuals Library at ni.com/manuals updated documentation resources. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 19: Getting Started

    The DAQ Getting Started Guide contains non-software-specific information on how to install PCI and PXI devices, as well as accessories and cables. Device Pinouts Refer to Appendix A, NI 6230 Device Information, for the NI 6230 device pinout. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 20: Device Specifications

    Chapter 1 Getting Started Device Specifications Refer to the NI 6230 Specifications, available on the NI-DAQ Device Document Browser or , for more detailed information ni.com/manuals on the NI 6230 device. Device Accessories and Cables NI offers a variety of accessories and cables to use with your DAQ device. Refer to Appendix A, NI 6230 Device Information, or...

  • Page 21: Daq System Overview

    Figure 2-1. Components of a Typical DAQ System DAQ Hardware DAQ hardware digitizes signals, performs D/A conversions to generate analog output signals, and measures and controls digital I/O signals. Figure 2-2 features the components of the NI 6230 device. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 22: Daq-Stc2

    Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Isolation Barrier Analog Input Analog Output Digital Routing Digital and Clock Isolators Interface Generation Counters RTSI PFI/Static DIO Figure 2-2. General NI 6230 Block Diagram DAQ-STC2 The DAQ-STC2 implements a high-performance digital engine for NI 6230 data acquisition hardware. Some key features of this engine include the following: •...

  • Page 23: Calibration Circuitry

    Taking Measurements book on the Contents tab. • If you are using other application software, refer to Common Sensors in the NI-DAQmx Help, which can be accessed from Start»All Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ»NI-DAQmx Help. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 24: Cables And Accessories

    Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Cables and Accessories NI offers a variety of products to use with NI 6230 devices, including cables, connector blocks, and other accessories, as follows: • Cables and cable assemblies – Shielded – Unshielded ribbon • Screw terminal connector blocks, shielded and unshielded •...

  • Page 25: Programming Devices In Software

    Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Programming Devices in Software National Instruments measurement devices are packaged with NI-DAQ driver software, an extensive library of functions and VIs you can call from your application software, such as LabVIEW or LabWindows/CVI, to program all the features of your NI measurement devices. Driver software...

  • Page 26: Connector Information

    Analog Output Channels 0 to 3—These terminals supply the AO <0..3> AO GND Output voltage output of AO channels 0 to 3. Note: AO <0..3> are isolated from earth ground and chassis ground. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 27: Rtsi Connector Pinout

    Chapter 3 Connector Information Table 3-1. I/O Connector Signals (Continued) Signal Name Reference Direction Description AO GND — — Analog Output Ground—AO GND is the reference for AO <0..3>. All three ground references—AI GND, AO GND, and D GND—are connected on the device. Note: AI GND, AO GND, and D GND are isolated from earth ground and chassis ground.

  • Page 28: Analog Input

    Device Information, for device I/O connector pinouts. Each M Series device has one analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The multiplexers (MUX) route one AI channel at a time to the ADC through the NI-PGIA. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 29: Analog Input Range

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings The analog input ground-reference settings circuitry selects between differential and referenced single-ended modes. Each AI channel can use a different mode. Instrumentation Amplifier (NI-PGIA) The NI programmable gain instrumentation amplifier (PGIA) is a measurement and instrument class amplifier that minimizes settling times for all input ranges.
  • Page 30 Input Range 5% Over Range –10 V to 10 V 320 µV –5 V to 5 V 160 µV –1 V to 1 V 32 µV –200 mV to 200 mV 6.4 µV © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 31: Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings NI 6230 devices support the analog input ground-reference settings shown in Table 4-2. Table 4-2. Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings AI Ground-Reference Settings Description DIFF In differential (DIFF) mode, the NI 6230 device measures the difference in voltage between two AI signals.
  • Page 32 Exceeding the maximum input voltage can cause injury and harm the user. NI is not liable for any damage or injuries resulting from such signal connections. AI ground-reference setting is sometimes referred to as AI terminal configuration. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 33: Configuring Ai Ground-Reference Settings In Software

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Configuring AI Ground-Reference Settings in Software You can program channels on an M Series device to acquire with different ground references. To enable multimode scanning in LabVIEW, use NI-DAQmx Create of the NI-DAQmx API. You must use a new VI for Virtual Channel.vi each channel or group of channels configured in a different input mode.

  • Page 34: Use Low Impedance Sources

    The capacitance of the cable also can increase the settling time. National Instruments recommends using individually shielded, twisted-pair wires that are 2 m or less to connect AI signals to the device.

  • Page 35: Carefully Choose The Channel Scanning Order

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Carefully Choose the Channel Scanning Order Avoid Switching from a Large to a Small Input Range Switching from a channel with a large input range to a channel with a small input range can greatly increase the settling time. Suppose a 4 V signal is connected to channel 0 and a 1 mV signal is connected to channel 1.

  • Page 36: Minimize Voltage Step Between Adjacent Channels

    0, then one point from channel 1, and so on. You also could read all 100 points from channel 0 then read 100 points from channel 1. The second method © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 37: Analog Input Data Acquisition Methods

    Chapter 4 Analog Input switches between channels much less often and is affected much less by settling time. Analog Input Data Acquisition Methods When performing analog input measurements, you either can perform software-timed or hardware-timed acquisitions. Hardware-timed acquisitions can be buffered or non-buffered. Software-Timed Acquisitions With a software-timed acquisition, software controls the rate of the acquisition.

  • Page 38: Non-Buffered

    Signal, and AI Pause Trigger Signal sections for information on these triggers. A digital trigger can initiate these actions. NI 6230 devices support digital triggering, but do not support analog triggering. © National Instruments Corporation 4-11 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 39: Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals Table 4-4 summarizes the recommended input configuration for both types of signal sources. Table 4-4. Analog Input Configuration Floating Signal Sources (Not Connected to Building Ground) Ground-Referenced Signal Sources Examples: Example: •...

  • Page 40: Types Of Signal Sources

    DIFF input mode. The input signal is connected to the positive input of the PGIA, and its reference signal, or return, is connected to the negative input of the PGIA. © National Instruments Corporation 4-13 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 41: Differential Connections For Ground-Referenced Signal Sources

    Chapter 4 Analog Input When you configure a channel for DIFF input, each signal uses two multiplexer inputs—one for the signal and one for its reference signal. Use DIFF input connections for any channel that meets any of the following conditions: •...

  • Page 42: Differential Input Biasing

    Figure 4-4 shows AI GND connected to the negative lead of the signal source. If you do not connect AI GND, the source is not likely to remain within the common-mode signal range of the PGIA due to the floating © National Instruments Corporation 4-15 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 43: Differential Connections For Non-Referenced Or Floating Signal Sources

    Chapter 4 Analog Input source or the isolation barrier. The PGIA then saturates, causing erroneous readings. You must reference the source to AI GND. The easiest way to make this reference is to connect the positive side of the signal to the positive input of the PGIA and connect the negative side of the signal to AI GND as well as to the negative input of the PGIA, without using resistors.

  • Page 44: Single-Ended Connection Considerations

    Magnetic coupling is proportional to the area between the two signal conductors. Electrical coupling is a function of how much the electric field differs between the two conductors. © National Instruments Corporation 4-17 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 45: Single-Ended Connections For Floating Or Grounded Signal Sources

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Single-Ended Connections for Floating or Grounded Signal Sources Figure 4-6 shows how to connect a floating or grounded signal source to a channel configured for RSE mode. Isolation Barrier AI <0.. n > Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier Floating or Digital...

  • Page 46: Analog Input Timing Signals

    Programmable 20 MHz Timebase Clock Divider 100 kHz Timebase PFI, RTSI PXI_CLK10 PXI_STAR ai/Convert Clock ai/Convert Ctr n Internal Output Clock Timebase Programmable Clock Divider Figure 4-7. Analog Input Timing Options © National Instruments Corporation 4-19 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 47 Chapter 4 Analog Input M Series devices use ai/SampleClock and ai/ConvertClock to perform interval sampling. As Figure 4-8 shows, ai/SampleClock controls the sample period, which is determined by the following equation: 1/Sample Period = Sample Rate Channel 0 Channel 1 Convert Period Sample Period Figure 4-8.
  • Page 48 If an ai/ReferenceTrigger pulse occurs before the specified number of pretrigger samples are acquired, the trigger pulse is ignored. Otherwise, when the ai/ReferenceTrigger pulse occurs, the sample counter value decrements until the specified number of posttrigger samples have been acquired. © National Instruments Corporation 4-21 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 49: Ai Sample Clock Signal

    Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6230 devices feature the following analog input timing signals. • AI Sample Clock Signal • AI Sample Clock Timebase Signal • AI Convert Clock Signal • AI Convert Clock Timebase Signal • AI Hold Complete Event Signal •...

  • Page 50: Routing Ai Sample Clock Signal To An Output Terminal

    Failure to do so may result in ai/SampleClock pulses that are masked off and acquisitions with erratic sampling intervals. Refer to the AI Convert Clock Signal section for more information on the timing requirements between ai/ConvertClock and ai/SampleClock. © National Instruments Corporation 4-23 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 51: Ai Sample Clock Timebase Signal

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Figure 4-11 shows the relationship of ai/SampleClock to ai/StartTrigger. ai/SampleClockTimebase ai/StartTrigger ai/SampleClock Delay From Start Trigger Figure 4-11. ai/SampleClock and ai/StartTrigger AI Sample Clock Timebase Signal You can route any of the following signals to be the AI Sample Clock Timebase (ai/SampleClockTimebase) signal: •...

  • Page 52: Using An Internal Source

    You can route ai/ConvertClock (as an active low signal) out to any output PFI <6..9> or RTSI <0..7> terminal. PFI <0..5> terminals are fixed inputs. PFI <6..9> terminals are fixed outputs. © National Instruments Corporation 4-25 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 53: Using A Delay From Sample Clock To Convert Clock

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Using a Delay from Sample Clock to Convert Clock When using an internally generated ai/ConvertClock, you also can specify a configurable delay from ai/SampleClock to the first ai/ConvertClock pulse within the sample. By default, this delay is three ticks of ai/ConvertClockTimebase.

  • Page 54: Ai Convert Clock Timebase Signal

    AI multiplexers indicating when the input signal has been sampled and can be removed. AI Start Trigger Signal Use the AI Start Trigger (ai/StartTrigger) signal to begin a measurement acquisition. A measurement acquisition consists of one or more samples. If © National Instruments Corporation 4-27 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 55: Using A Digital Source

    Chapter 4 Analog Input you do not use triggers, begin a measurement with a software command. Once the acquisition begins, configure the acquisition to stop: • When a certain number of points are sampled (in finite mode) • After a hardware reference trigger (in finite mode) •...

  • Page 56: Using A Digital Source

    To use ai/ReferenceTrigger with a digital source, specify a source and an edge. The source can be any of the following signals: • Input PFI <0..5> • RTSI <0..7> • PXI_STAR © National Instruments Corporation 4-29 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 57: Routing Ai Reference Trigger Signal To An Output Terminal

    Chapter 4 Analog Input The source also can be one of several internal signals on your DAQ device. Refer to Device Routing in MAX in the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help for more information. You also can specify whether the measurement acquisition stops on the rising edge or falling edge of ai/ReferenceTrigger.

  • Page 58: Getting Started With Ai Applications In Software

    I/O data transfer mechanisms. Some of the applications also use start, reference, and pause triggers. Note For more information about programming analog input applications and triggers in software, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help. © National Instruments Corporation 4-31 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 59: Analog Output

    DACs Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) convert digital codes to analog voltages. AO FIFO The AO FIFO enables analog output waveform generation. It is a first-in-first-out (FIFO) memory buffer between the computer and the © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 60: Minimizing Glitches On The Output Signal

    Chapter 5 Analog Output DACs. It allows you to download the points of a waveform to your M Series device without host computer interaction. AO Sample Clock The AO Sample Clock signal reads a sample from the DAC FIFO and generates the AO voltage.

  • Page 61: Hardware-Timed Generations

    There are several different methods of continuous generation that control what data is written. These methods are regeneration, FIFO regeneration and non-regeneration modes. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 62: Analog Output Triggering

    Chapter 5 Analog Output Regeneration is the repetition of the data that is already in the buffer. Standard regeneration is when data from the PC buffer is continually downloaded to the FIFO to be written out. New data can be written to the PC buffer at any time without disrupting the output.

  • Page 63: Connecting Analog Voltage Output Signals

    V OUT Isolation AO 1 Barrier Channel 1 I/O Connector AO 2 Channel 2 V OUT Load – Load V OUT AO 3 Channel 3 AO GND Figure 5-2. Analog Output Connections © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 64: Analog Output Timing Signals

    Chapter 5 Analog Output Analog Output Timing Signals Figure 5-3 summarizes all of the timing options provided by the analog output timing engine. PFI, RTSI PXI_STAR PFI, RTSI ao/Sample Clock Ctr n Internal Output ao/Sample PXI_STAR Clock Timebase Programmable Clock 20 MHz Timebase Divider 100 kHz Timebase...

  • Page 65: Routing Ao Start Trigger Signal To An Output Terminal

    If the source of your sample clock is the onboard clock, the generation resumes as soon as the pause trigger is deasserted, as shown in Figure 5-4. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 66: Using A Digital Source

    Chapter 5 Analog Output Pause Trigger Sample Clock Figure 5-4. ao/PauseTrigger with the Onboard Clock Source If you are using any signal other than the onboard clock as the source of your sample clock, the generation resumes as soon as the pause trigger is deasserted and another edge of the sample clock is received, as shown in Figure 5-5.

  • Page 67: Routing Ao Pause Trigger Signal To An Output Terminal

    When using an internally generated ao/SampleClock, you also can specify a configurable delay from ao/StartTrigger to the first ao/SampleClock pulse. By default, this delay is two ticks of ao/SampleClockTimebase. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 68: Ao Sample Clock Timebase Signal

    Chapter 5 Analog Output Figure 5-6 shows the relationship of ao/SampleClock to ao/StartTrigger. ao/SampleClockTimebase ao/StartTrigger ao/SampleClock Delay From Start Trigger Figure 5-6. ao/SampleClock and ao/StartTrigger AO Sample Clock Timebase Signal The AO Sample Clock Timebase (ao/SampleClockTimebase) signal is divided down to provide a source for ao/SampleClock. You can route any of the following signals to be the AO Sample Clock Timebase (ao/SampleClockTimebase) signal: •...

  • Page 69: Getting Started With Ao Applications In Software

    DMA data transfer mechanisms. Some of the applications also use start triggers and pause triggers. Note For more information about programming analog output applications and triggers in software, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help. © National Instruments Corporation 5-11 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 70: Digital Input And Output

    AI signals. • Treat the DAQ device as you would treat any static sensitive device. Always properly ground yourself and the equipment when handling the DAQ device or connecting to it. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 71: Programmable Power-Up States

    Chapter 6 Digital Input and Output Programmable Power-Up States By default, the digital output lines (P1.<0..3>/PFI <6..9>) are disabled (high impedance) at power up. Software can configure the board to power up with the entire port enabled or disabled; you cannot enable individual lines.

  • Page 72: Getting Started With Dio Applications In Software

    You can use the NI 6230 device in the following digital I/O applications: • Static digital input • Static digital output Note For more information about programming digital I/O applications and triggers in software, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 73: Counters

    Counter 1 HW Arm Counter 1 A Counter 0 TC Counter 1 B (Counter 1 Up_Down) Counter 1 Z Input Selection Muxes Frequency Generator Frequency Output Timebase Freq Out Figure 7-1. M Series Counters © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 74: Counter Input Applications

    Chapter 7 Counters The counters have seven input signals, although in most applications only a few inputs are used. For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. Counter Input Applications Counting Edges In edge counting applications, the counter counts edges on its Source after the counter is armed.

  • Page 75: Buffered (Sample Clock) Edge Counting

    Gate. Counter Armed Sample Clock (Sample on Rising Edge) SOURCE Counter Value Buffer Figure 7-4. Buffered (Sample Clock) Edge Counting © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 76: Non-Cumulative Buffered Edge Counting

    Chapter 7 Counters Non-Cumulative Buffered Edge Counting Non-cumulative edge counting is similar to buffered (sample clock) edge counting. However, the counter resets after each active edge of the Sample Clock. You can route the Sample Clock to the Gate input of the counter. Figure 7-5 shows an example of non-cumulative buffered edge counting.

  • Page 77: Pulse-Width Measurement

    SOURCE Counter Value HW Save Register Figure 7-6. Single Pulse-Width Measurement Buffered Pulse-Width Measurement Buffered pulse-width measurement is similar to single pulse-width measurement, but buffered pulse-width measurement takes measurements over multiple pulses. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 78: Period Measurement

    Chapter 7 Counters The counter counts the number of edges on the Source input while the Gate input remains active. On each trailing edge of the Gate signal, the counter stores the count in a hardware save register. A DMA controller transfers the stored values to host memory.

  • Page 79: Single Period Measurement

    Gate input. So the first value stored in the hardware save register does not reflect a full period of the Gate input. In most applications, this first point should be discarded. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 80: Semi-Period Measurement

    Chapter 7 Counters Figure 7-9 shows an example of a buffered period measurement. Counter Armed GATE SOURCE Counter Value (Discard) (Discard) (Discard) Buffer Figure 7-9. Buffered Period Measurement Note that if you are using an external signal as the Source, at least one Source pulse should occur between each active edge of the Gate signal.

  • Page 81: Buffered Semi-Period Measurement

    You can choose one of the following methods depending on your application. Method 1—Measure Low Frequency with One Counter In this method, you measure one period of your signal using a known timebase. This method is good for low frequency signals. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 82: Method 1B-Measure Low Frequency With One Counter (Averaged)

    Chapter 7 Counters You can route the signal to measure (F1) to the Gate of a counter. You can route a known timebase (Ft) to the Source of the counter. The known timebase can be 80MHzTimebase. For signals that might be slower than 0.02 Hz, use a slower known timebase.

  • Page 83: Method 2-Measure High Frequency With Two Counters

    Route the signal to measure (F1) to the Source of the counter. Configure the counter for a single pulse-width measurement. Suppose you measure the width of pulse T to be N periods of F1. Then the frequency of F1 is N/T. © National Instruments Corporation 7-11 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 84: Method 3-Measure Large Range Of Frequencies Using Two Counters

    Chapter 7 Counters Figure 7-13 illustrates this method. Another option would be to measure the width of a known period instead of a known pulse. Width of Pulse (T) Pulse Pulse Gate … Source Pulse-Width Width of Measurement Pulse Frequency of F1 = Figure 7-13.

  • Page 85: Choosing A Method For Measuring Frequency

    However, the accuracy of the measurement decreases as the frequency increases. Consider a frequency measurement on a 50 kHz signal using an 80 MHz Timebase. This frequency corresponds to 1600 cycles of the © National Instruments Corporation 7-13 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 86 Chapter 7 Counters 80 MHz Timebase. Your measurement may return 1600 ± 1 cycles depending on the phase of the signal with respect to the timebase. As your frequency becomes larger, this error of ±1 cycle becomes more significant; Table 7-1 illustrates this point. Table 7-1.

  • Page 87: Position Measurement

    X2, or X4. Figure 7-15 shows a quadrature cycle and the resulting increments and decrements for X1 encoding. When channel A leads channel B, the © National Instruments Corporation 7-15 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 88 Chapter 7 Counters increment occurs on the rising edge of channel A. When channel B leads channel A, the decrement occurs on the falling edge of channel A. Ch A Ch B Counter Value Figure 7-15. X1 Encoding X2 Encoding The same behavior holds for X2 encoding except the counter increments or decrements on each edge of channel A, depending on which channel leads the other.

  • Page 89: Measurements Using Two Pulse Encoders

    The counter supports two pulse encoders that have two channels—channels A and B. The counter increments on each rising edge of channel A. The counter decrements on each rising edge of channel B, as shown in Figure. 7-19. © National Instruments Corporation 7-17 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 90: Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement

    Chapter 7 Counters Ch A Ch B Counter Value 2 Figure 7-19. Measurements Using Two Pulse Encoders For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement Two-signal edge-separation measurement is similar to pulse-width measurement, except that there are two measurement signals—Aux and Gate.

  • Page 91: Buffered Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement

    Figure 7-21 shows an example of a buffered two-signal edge-separation measurement. GATE SOURCE Counter Value Buffer Figure 7-21. Buffered Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. © National Instruments Corporation 7-19 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 92: Counter Output Applications

    Chapter 7 Counters Counter Output Applications Simple Pulse Generation Single Pulse Generation The counter can output a single pulse. The pulse appears on the Counter n Internal Output signal of the counter. You can specify a delay from when the counter is armed to the beginning of the pulse.

  • Page 93: Retriggerable Single Pulse Generation

    (using the rising edge of Source). GATE (Start Trigger) SOURCE Figure 7-24. Retriggerable Single Pulse Generation For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. © National Instruments Corporation 7-21 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 94: Pulse Train Generation

    Chapter 7 Counters Pulse Train Generation Continuous Pulse Train Generation This function generates a train of pulses with programmable frequency and duty cycle. The pulses appear on the Counter n Internal Output signal of the counter. You can specify a delay from when the counter is armed to the beginning of the pulse train.

  • Page 95: Frequency Generation

    Figure 7-27 shows the output waveform of the frequency generator when the divider is set to 5. Frequency Output Timebase Freq Out (Divisor = 5) Figure 7-27. Frequency Generator Output Waveform © National Instruments Corporation 7-23 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 96: Frequency Division

    Chapter 7 Counters Frequency Output can be routed out to any output PFI <6..9> or RTSI <0..7> terminal. All PFI terminals are set to high-impedance at startup. In software, program the frequency generator as you would program one of the counters for pulse train generation. For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals...

  • Page 97: Counter Timing Signals

    Counter 0) and Counter 1 Source (the source input to Counter 1). Counter n Source Signal The selected edge of the Counter n Source signal increments and decrements the counter value depending on the application the counter is © National Instruments Corporation 7-25 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 98: Routing A Signal To Counter N Source

    Chapter 7 Counters performing. Table 7-3 lists how this terminal is used in various applications. Table 7-3. Counter Applications and Counter n Source Application Purpose of Source Terminal Pulse Generation Counter Timebase One Counter Time Measurements Counter Timebase Two Counter Time Measurements Input Terminal Non-Buffered Edge Counting Input Terminal...

  • Page 99: Counter N Gate Signal

    Each counter has independent input selectors for the Counter n Aux signal. Any of the following signals can be routed to the Counter n Aux input. • RTSI <0..7> • Input PFI <0..5> • ai/ReferenceTrigger © National Instruments Corporation 7-27 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 100: Counter N A, Counter N B, And Counter N Z Signals

    Chapter 7 Counters • ai/StartTrigger • PXI_STAR In addition, Counter 1 Internal Output, Counter 1 Gate, Counter 1 Source, or Counter 0 Gate can be routed to Counter 0 Aux. Counter 0 Internal Output, Counter 0 Gate, Counter 0 Source, or Counter 1 Gate can be routed to Counter 1 Aux.

  • Page 101: Routing Signals To Counter N Hw Arm Input

    The Frequency Output (FREQ OUT) signal is the output of the frequency output generator. Routing Frequency Output to a Terminal You can route Frequency Output to any output PFI <6..9> terminal. All PFIs are set to high-impedance at startup. © National Instruments Corporation 7-29 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 102: Default Counter Terminals

    Chapter 7 Counters Default Counter Terminals By default, NI-DAQmx routes the counter/timer inputs and outputs to the PFI pins, shown in Table 7-4. Table 7-4. NI 6230 Device Default NI-DAQmx Counter/Timer Pins Counter/Timer Signal Default Pin Number (Name) Port CTR 0 SRC 13 (PFI 0) P0.0 CTR 0 GATE...

  • Page 103: Counter Triggering

    When using a pause trigger, the pause trigger source is routed to the Counter n Gate signal input of the counter. © National Instruments Corporation 7-31 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 104: Other Counter Features

    Chapter 7 Counters Other Counter Features Cascading Counters You can internally route the Counter n Internal Output and Counter n TC signal of each counter to the Gate inputs of the other counter. By cascading two counters together, you can effectively create a 64-bit counter. By cascading counters, you also can enable other applications.

  • Page 105: Prescaling

    Source and puts out a frequency that is one-eighth (or one-half) of what it is accepting. External Signal Prescaler Rollover (Used as Source by Counter) Counter Value Figure 7-30. Prescaling © National Instruments Corporation 7-33 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 106: Duplicate Count Prevention

    Chapter 7 Counters Prescaling is intended to be used for frequency measurement where the measurement is made on a continuous, repetitive signal. The prescaling counter cannot be read; therefore, you cannot determine how many edges have occurred since the previous rollover. Prescaling can be used for event counting provided it is acceptable to have an error of up to seven (or one).

  • Page 107: Example Application That Works Incorrectly (Duplicate Counting)

    Gate even if the Source does not pulse. This enables the correct current count to be stored in the buffer even if no Source edges occur between Gate signals, as shown in Figure 7-33. © National Instruments Corporation 7-35 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 108: When To Use Duplicate Count Prevention

    Chapter 7 Counters Counter detects Counter value rising Gate edge. increments only one time for each Gate Source pulse. Source 80 MHz Timebase Counter Value Buffer Figure 7-33. Duplicate Count Prevention Example Even if the Source pulses are long, the counter increments only once for each Source pulse.

  • Page 109: Enabling Duplicate Count Prevention In Ni-Daqmx

    80 MHz Source All Except Position 20 MHz Timebase, Other Internal Source Measurement 100 kHz Timebase, or PXI_CLK10 All Except Position Any Other Signal External Source Measurement (such as PFI or RTSI) © National Instruments Corporation 7-37 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 110: 80 Mhz Source Mode

    Chapter 7 Counters 80 MHz Source Mode In 80 MHz source mode, the device synchronizes signals on the rising edge of the source, and counts on the following rising edge of the source, as shown in Figure 7-34. Source Synchronize Count Figure 7-34.

  • Page 111: Pfi

    To Input Timing Signal Selectors Filters Figure 8-1. NI 6230 PFI Input Circuitry Each PFI <6..9>/P1.<0..3> can be configured as a timing output signal from AI or counter/timer functions or a static digital output. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 112: Using Pfi Terminals As Timing Input Signals

    Chapter 8 Figure 8-2 shows the circuitry of one PFI output line. Each PFI line is similar. Isolation Barrier Timing Signals Digital I/O Protection PFI <6..9>/P1.<0..3> Isolators Static DO Output Note: One output enable is shared Buffer Enable by all digital output signals. Figure 8-2.

  • Page 113: Exporting Timing Output Signals Using Pfi Terminals

    All PFI input connections are referenced to D GND. Figure 8-3 shows this reference, and how to connect an external PFI 0 source and an external PFI 2 source to two PFI terminals. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 114: Pfi Filters

    Chapter 8 I/O Connector PFI 0 PFI 2 PFI 0 PFI 2 Source Source D GND M Series Device Figure 8-3. PFI Input Signals Connections PFI Filters You can enable a programmable debouncing filter on each PFI, RTSI, or PXI_STAR signal. When the filters are enabled, your device samples the input on each rising edge of a filter clock.
  • Page 115 Refer to the KnowledgeBase document, Digital Filtering with M Series, for more information about digital filters and counters. To access this KnowledgeBase, go to and enter the info code ni.com/info rddfms © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 116: I/O Protection

    Chapter 8 I/O Protection Each DI, DO, and PFI signal is protected against overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrent conditions as well as ESD events. However, you should avoid these fault conditions by following these guidelines. • Do not connect any digital output line to any external signal source, ground signal, or power supply.

  • Page 117: Isolation And Digital Isolators

    All analog measurements are made relative to the isolated ground signal. The isolated ground is an input to the NI 6230 device. The user must connect this ground to the ground of system being measured or controlled. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 118: Digital Isolation

    Chapter 9 Isolation and Digital Isolators Refer to the Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals section of Chapter 4, Analog Input, the Connecting Analog Voltage Output Signals section of Chapter 5, Analog Output, the Connecting Digital I/O Signals section of Chapter 6, Digital Input and Output, and the Connecting PFI Input Signals...

  • Page 119: Digital Routing And Clock Generation

    ÷ 8 80 MHz Output Selectors) Oscillator External 80 MHz Timebase Reference RTSI <0..7> Clock PXI_CLK10 20 MHz Timebase ÷ PXI_STAR 100 kHz Timebase ÷ Figure 10-1. M Series Clock Routing Circuitry © National Instruments Corporation 10-1 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 120: 80 Mhz Timebase

    Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation 80 MHz Timebase The 80 MHz Timebase can be used as the Source input to the 32-bit general-purpose counter/timers. The 80 MHz Timebase can be generated from either of the following. • Onboard oscillator •...

  • Page 121: 10 Mhz Reference Clock

    Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) is set of bused signals among devices that allow you to do the following. • Use a common clock (or timebase) to drive the timing engine on multiple devices © National Instruments Corporation 10-3 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 122: Rtsi Connector Pinout

    Digital Routing and Clock Generation • Share trigger signals between devices Many National Instruments DAQ, motion, vision, and CAN devices support RTSI. In a PCI system, the RTSI bus consists of the RTSI bus interface and a ribbon cable. The bus can route timing and trigger signals between several functions on as many as five DAQ, vision, motion, or CAN devices in the computer.

  • Page 123: Using Rtsi As Outputs

    10 MHz Reference Clock • Counter n Source, Gate, Z, Internal Output • FREQ OUT • Input PFI <0..5> Note Signals with a * are inverted before being driven on the RTSI terminals. © National Instruments Corporation 10-5 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 124: Using Rtsi Terminals As Timing Input Signals

    Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation Using RTSI Terminals as Timing Input Signals You can use RTSI terminals to route external timing signals to many different M Series functions. Each RTSI terminal can be routed to any of the following signals. •...
  • Page 125 Refer to the KnowledgeBase document, Digital Filtering with M Series, for more information about digital filters and counters. To access this KnowledgeBase, go to and enter the info code ni.com/info rddfms © National Instruments Corporation 10-7 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 126: Pxi Clock And Trigger Signals

    Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation PXI Clock and Trigger Signals Note PXI clock and trigger signals are only available on PXI devices. Other devices use RTSI. PXI_CLK10 PXI_CLK10 is a common low-skew 10 MHz clock reference clock for synchronization of multiple modules in a PXI measurement or control system.

  • Page 127: Pxi_Star Filters

    Pass Signal) Pass Filter Not Pass Filter 125 ns 125 ns 100 ns 6.425 µs 6.425 µs 6.400 µs 2.55 ms ~101,800 2.55 ms 2.54 ms Disabled — — — © National Instruments Corporation 10-9 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 128 Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation The filter setting for each input can be configured independently. On power up, the filters are disabled. Figure 10-4 shows an example of a low to high transition on an input that has its filter set to 125 ns (N = 5). RTSI, PFI, or PXI_STAR Terminal Filtered input goes high...

  • Page 129: Bus Interface

    FIFO. Each DMA controller acts as a PCI Master device. The DMA controllers support scatter-gather operations to and from host memory. Memory buffers may be used in linear or circular fashion. © National Instruments Corporation 11-1 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 130: Pxi Considerations

    Generation, for more information on PXI clock and trigger signals. PXI and PXI Express NI PXI-6230 modules can be installed in any PXI chassis and most slots of PXI Express chassis. PXI specifications are developed by the PXI System Alliance ).

  • Page 131: Using Pxi With Compactpci

    DMA is a method to transfer data between the device and computer memory without the involvement of the CPU. This method makes DMA the fastest available data transfer method. National Instruments uses DMA hardware and software technology to achieve high throughput rates and to increase system utilization.

  • Page 132: Interrupt Request (Irq)

    Chapter 11 Bus Interface Interrupt Request (IRQ) IRQ transfers rely on the CPU to service data transfer requests. The device notifies the CPU when it is ready to transfer data. The data transfer speed is tightly coupled to the rate at which the CPU can service the interrupt requests.

  • Page 133: Triggering

    A rising edge is a transition from a low logic level to a high logic level. A falling edge is a high to low transition. Figure 12-1 shows a falling-edge trigger. Digital Trigger Falling Edge Initiates Acquisition Figure 12-1. Falling-Edge Trigger © National Instruments Corporation 12-1 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 134 Chapter 12 Triggering You also can program your DAQ device to perform an action in response to a trigger from a digital source. The action can affect the following. • Analog input acquisition • Analog output generation • Counter behavior NI 6230 User Manual 12-2 ni.com...

  • Page 135: Ni 6230 Device Information

    NI 6230 Pinout Figure A-1 shows the pinout of the NI 6230. For a detailed description of each signal, refer to the I/O Connector Signal Descriptions section of Chapter 3, Connector Information. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 136 Appendix A AI 4 AI 0 AI GND AI 5 AI 1 AI GND AI 6 AI 2 AI GND AI 7 AI 3 AI GND AO GND AO 0 AO GND AO 1 AO GND AO 2 AO GND AO 3 PFI 0/P0.0 (Input) PFI 1/P0.1 (Input)

  • Page 137: Ni 6230 Specifications

    Refer to for other accessory options including new devices. ni.com Screw Terminal National Instruments offers several styles of screw terminal connector blocks. Use an SH37F-37M cable to connect an NI 6230 device to a connector block, such as the following: •...
  • Page 138 Appendix A RTSI Use RTSI bus cables to connect timing and synchronization signals among PCI devices, such as M Series, E Series, CAN, and other measurement, vision, and motion devices. Since PXI devices use PXI backplane signals for timing and synchronization, no cables are required. Cables In most applications, you can use the following cables: •...

  • Page 139: Appendix B Troubleshooting

    Troubleshooting This section contains some common questions about M Series devices. If your questions are not answered here, refer to the National Instruments KnowledgeBase at . It contains thousands of documents that ni.com/kb answer frequently asked questions about NI products.
  • Page 140 Appendix B Troubleshooting reference the signal to the same ground level as the device reference. There are various methods of achieving this reference while maintaining a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). These methods are outlined in the Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals section of Chapter 4, Analog Input.
  • Page 141 Chapter 7, Counters, for more information. How do I connect counter signals to my M Series device? section of Chapter 7, Counters, has Default Counter Terminals information on counter signal connections. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 142 Technical Support and Professional Services Visit the following sections of the National Instruments Web site at for technical support and professional services: ni.com • Support—Online technical support resources at ni.com/support include the following: – Self-Help Resources—For answers and solutions, visit the...
  • Page 143 Appendix C Technical Support and Professional Services Calibration Certificate—If your product supports calibration, • you can obtain the calibration certificate for your product at ni.com/calibration If you searched and could not find the answers you need, contact ni.com your local office or NI corporate headquarters. Phone numbers for our worldwide offices are listed at the front of this manual.
  • Page 144 – Negative of, or minus. ± Plus or minus. < Less than. > Greater than. ≤ Less than or equal to. ≥ Greater than or equal to. Per. º Degree. Ω Ohm. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 145 Glossary Amperes—the unit of electric current. Analog-to-Digital. Most often used as A/D converter. Alternating current. accuracy A measure of the capability of an instrument or sensor to faithfully indicate the value of the measured signal. This term is not related to resolution; however, the accuracy level can never be better than the resolution of the instrument.
  • Page 146 Bayonet-Neill-Concelman—A type of coaxial connector used in situations requiring shielded cable for signal connections and/or controlled impedance applications. buffer 1. Temporary storage for acquired or generated data. 2. A memory device that stores intermediate data between two devices. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 147 Glossary bus, buses The group of electrical conductors that interconnect individual circuitry in a computer. Typically, a bus is the expansion vehicle to which I/O or other devices are connected. Examples of PC buses are the PCI, AT(ISA), and EISA bus. Celsius.
  • Page 148 In the instrumentation world, DACs can be used to generate arbitrary waveform shapes, defined by the software algorithm that computes the digital data pattern, which is fed to the DAC. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 149 Glossary 1. Data acquisition—The process of collecting and measuring electrical signals from sensors, transducers, and test probes or fixtures and inputting them to a computer for processing. 2. Data acquisition—The process of collecting and measuring the same kinds of electrical signals with A/D and/or DIO devices plugged into a computer, and possibly generating control signals with D/A and/or DIO devices in the same computer.
  • Page 150 A technique that locates an edge of an analog signal, such as the edge of a square wave. EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory—ROM that can be erased with an electrical signal and reprogrammed. Some SCXI modules contain an EEPROM to store measurement-correction coefficients. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 151 Glossary encoder A device that converts linear or rotary displacement into digital or pulse signals. The most popular type of encoder is the optical encoder, which uses a rotating disk with alternating opaque areas, a light source, and a photodetector. external trigger A voltage pulse from an external source that causes a DAQ operation to begin.
  • Page 152 1. Hertz—The SI unit for measurement of frequency. One hertz (Hz) equals one cycle per second. 2. The number of scans read or updates written per second. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 153 Glossary Input/Output—The transfer of data to/from a computer system involving communications channels, operator interface devices, and/or data acquisition and control interfaces. impedance 1. The electrical characteristic of a circuit expressed in ohms and/or capacitance/inductance. 2. Resistance. Inch or inches. instrument driver A set of high-level software functions that controls a specific GPIB, VXI, or RS232 programmable instrument or a specific plug-in DAQ device.
  • Page 154 DAQ devices, such as the M Series multifunction I/O (MIO) devices, SCXI signal conditioning modules, and switch modules. Megahertz—A unit of frequency; 1 MHz = 10 Hz = 1,000,000 Hz. –6 micro (µ) The numerical prefix designating 10 © National Instruments Corporation G-11 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 155 National Instruments. NI-DAQ The driver software needed to use National Instruments DAQ devices and SCXI components. Some devices use Traditional NI-DAQ (Legacy); others use NI-DAQmx. NI 6230 User Manual G-12 ni.com...
  • Page 156 (in Hz). Period is designated by the symbol T. periods The number of periods of a signal. Programmable Function Interface. PGIA Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier. physical channel See channel. © National Instruments Corporation G-13 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 157 The time from the rising to the falling slope of a pulse (at 50% amplitude). A rugged, open system for modular instrumentation based on CompactPCI, with special mechanical, electrical, and software features. The PXIbus standard was originally developed by National Instruments in 1997, and is now managed by the PXIbus Systems Alliance. PXI Express PCI Express eXtensions for Instrumentation—The PXI implementation of...
  • Page 158 RTSI Real-Time System Integration. RTSI bus Real-Time System Integration bus—The National Instruments timing bus that connects DAQ devices directly, by means of connectors on top of the devices, for precise synchronization of functions. Seconds. Samples.
  • Page 159 Glossary scan One or more analog or digital input samples. Typically, the number of input samples in a scan is equal to the number of channels in the input group. For example, one pulse from the scan clock produces one scan which acquires one new sample from every analog input channel in the group.
  • Page 160 See terminal count. terminal An object or region on a node through which data passes. terminal count The highest value of a counter. Gate hold time. Gate setup time. Gate pulse width. © National Instruments Corporation G-17 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 161 Glossary Timebase The reference signals for controlling the basic accuracy of time or frequency-based measurements. For instruments, timebase refers to the accuracy of the internal clock. Output delay time. transducer A device that responds to a physical stimulus (heat, light, sound, pressure, motion, flow, and so on), and produces a corresponding electrical signal.
  • Page 162 Signal source voltage. virtual channel See channel. waveform 1. The plot of the instantaneous amplitude of a signal as a function of time. 2. Multiple voltage readings taken at a specific sampling rate. © National Instruments Corporation G-19 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 163 4-27 software, 5-11 ai/HoldCompleteEvent, 4-27 glitches on the output signal, 5-2 ai/PauseTrigger, 4-30 signals, 5-6 ai/ReferenceTrigger, 4-28 timing signals, 5-6 ai/SampleClock, 4-22 trigger signals, 5-4 ai/SampleClockTimebase, 4-24 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 164 Index triggering, 5-4 troubleshooting, B-3 cables, A-3 ANSI C documentation, xviii custom, 2-4 AO FIFO, 5-1 cabling AO Pause Trigger signal, 5-7 choosing for your device, 1-2 AO Sample Clock signal, 5-9 calibration certificate (NI resources), C-2 AO Sample Clock Timebase signal, 5-10 calibration circuitry, 2-3 AO Start Trigger signal, 5-6 cascading counters, 7-32...
  • Page 165 5-2 Counter n Source, 7-25 data transfer methods, 11-3 Counter n TC, 7-29 changing, 11-4 Counter n Up_Down, 7-28 DMA, 11-3 FREQ OUT, 7-29 IRQ, 11-4 Frequency Output, 7-29 programmed I/O, 11-4 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 166 Index Declaration of Conformity (NI resources), C-1 default counter terminals, 7-30 as a transfer method, 11-3 device changing data transfer methods, 11-4 cabling, 2-4 controllers, 11-1 information, A-1 documentation multiple synchronization, 10-3 conventions used in manual, xv specifications, 1-2 NI resources, C-1 diagnostic tools (NI resources), C-1 related documentation, xvi differential...
  • Page 167 AI applications in software, 4-31 as a transfer method, 11-4 AO applications in software, 5-11 changing data transfer methods, 11-4 DIO applications in software, 6-3 ghost voltages when sampling multiple channels, B-1 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 168 LabWindows/CVI documentation, xviii channels, 4-8 low impedance sources, 4-7 multichannel scanning considerations, 4-6 multiple device synchronization, 10-3 M Series information, A-1 National Instruments support and specifications, xix services, C-1 Measurement Studio documentation, xviii .NET languages documentation, xviii measurements NI 6230...
  • Page 169 6-2, 8-6 retriggerable single pulse generation, 7-21 programmed I/O, 11-4 routing programming devices in software, 2-5 clock, 10-1 programming examples (NI resources), C-1 digital, 10-1 RSE configuration, 4-17 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 170 Index connecting digital I/O, 6-2 RTSI, 10-3 connector pinout, 3-2, 10-4 connecting PFI input, 8-3 filters, 10-6 Counter n A, 7-28 using as outputs, 10-5 Counter n Aux, 7-27 using terminals as timing input Counter n B, 7-28 signals, 10-6 Counter n Gate, 7-27 Counter n HW Arm, 7-28 Counter n Internal Output, 7-29...
  • Page 171 PFI as outputs, 10-5 terminals, 8-3 terminals as timing input signals, 10-6 training, xix using short high-quality cabling, 4-7 training and certification (NI resources), C-1 transducers, 2-3 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 172 Index voltage connecting analog input signals, 4-12 connecting analog voltage, 5-5 waveform generation signals, 5-6 Web resources, C-1 wiring, field, 4-18 X1 encoding, 7-15 X2 encoding, 7-16 X4 encoding, 7-16 NI 6230 User Manual I-10 ni.com...

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