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These classes are known as Class A (for use in industrial-commercial locations only) or Class B (for use in residential or commercial locations). All National Instruments (NI) products are FCC Class A products. Depending on where it is operated, this Class A product could be subject to restrictions in the FCC rules. (In Canada, the Department of Communications (DOC), of Industry Canada, regulates wireless interference in much the same way.) Digital...
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Contents Using an External Source ..............5-9 Routing AO Sample Clock Signal to an Output Terminal ....5-9 Other Timing Requirements ............. 5-9 AO Sample Clock Timebase Signal..............5-10 Getting Started with AO Applications in Software............5-11 Chapter 6 Digital Input and Output I/O Protection ........................
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Contents Example Application That Works Incorrectly (Duplicate Counting) ..............7-35 Example Application That Prevents Duplicate Count...... 7-35 When To Use Duplicate Count Prevention ........7-36 Enabling Duplicate Count Prevention in NI-DAQmx...... 7-37 Synchronization Modes................... 7-37 80 MHz Source Mode............... 7-38 Other Internal Source Mode .............
Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ»DAQ Getting Started Guide. The NI-DAQ Readme lists which devices are supported by this version of NI-DAQ. Select Start»All Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ» NI-DAQ Readme. The NI-DAQmx Help contains general information about measurement concepts, key NI-DAQmx concepts, and common applications that are applicable to all programming environments.
NI-DAQmx Base VI Reference Help. The NI-DAQmx Base C Reference Help contains C reference and general information about measurement concepts. Select Start»All Programs» National Instruments»NI-DAQmx Base»Documentation»C Function Reference Manual. LabVIEW If you are a new user, use the Getting Started with LabVIEW manual to...
About This Manual Taking Measurements—Contains the conceptual and how-to • information you need to acquire and analyze measurement data in LabVIEW, including common measurements, measurement fundamentals, NI-DAQmx key concepts, and device considerations. ™ ™ LabWindows /CVI The Data Acquisition book of the LabWindows/CVI Help contains measurement concepts for NI-DAQmx.
Chapter 1 Getting Started Device Specifications Refer to the NI 6230 Specifications, available on the NI-DAQ Device Document Browser or , for more detailed information ni.com/manuals on the NI 6230 device. Device Accessories and Cables NI offers a variety of accessories and cables to use with your DAQ device. Refer to Appendix A, NI 6230 Device Information, or...
Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Isolation Barrier Analog Input Analog Output Digital Routing Digital and Clock Isolators Interface Generation Counters RTSI PFI/Static DIO Figure 2-2. General NI 6230 Block Diagram DAQ-STC2 The DAQ-STC2 implements a high-performance digital engine for NI 6230 data acquisition hardware. Some key features of this engine include the following: •...
Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Cables and Accessories NI offers a variety of products to use with NI 6230 devices, including cables, connector blocks, and other accessories, as follows: • Cables and cable assemblies – Shielded – Unshielded ribbon • Screw terminal connector blocks, shielded and unshielded •...
Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Programming Devices in Software National Instruments measurement devices are packaged with NI-DAQ driver software, an extensive library of functions and VIs you can call from your application software, such as LabVIEW or LabWindows/CVI, to program all the features of your NI measurement devices. Driver software...
Chapter 3 Connector Information Table 3-1. I/O Connector Signals (Continued) Signal Name Reference Direction Description AO GND — — Analog Output Ground—AO GND is the reference for AO <0..3>. All three ground references—AI GND, AO GND, and D GND—are connected on the device. Note: AI GND, AO GND, and D GND are isolated from earth ground and chassis ground.
Chapter 4 Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings The analog input ground-reference settings circuitry selects between differential and referenced single-ended modes. Each AI channel can use a different mode. Instrumentation Amplifier (NI-PGIA) The NI programmable gain instrumentation amplifier (PGIA) is a measurement and instrument class amplifier that minimizes settling times for all input ranges.
Chapter 4 Analog Input Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings NI 6230 devices support the analog input ground-reference settings shown in Table 4-2. Table 4-2. Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings AI Ground-Reference Settings Description DIFF In differential (DIFF) mode, the NI 6230 device measures the difference in voltage between two AI signals.
Chapter 4 Analog Input Configuring AI Ground-Reference Settings in Software You can program channels on an M Series device to acquire with different ground references. To enable multimode scanning in LabVIEW, use NI-DAQmx Create of the NI-DAQmx API. You must use a new VI for Virtual Channel.vi each channel or group of channels configured in a different input mode.
The capacitance of the cable also can increase the settling time. National Instruments recommends using individually shielded, twisted-pair wires that are 2 m or less to connect AI signals to the device.
Chapter 4 Analog Input Carefully Choose the Channel Scanning Order Avoid Switching from a Large to a Small Input Range Switching from a channel with a large input range to a channel with a small input range can greatly increase the settling time. Suppose a 4 V signal is connected to channel 0 and a 1 mV signal is connected to channel 1.
Chapter 4 Analog Input switches between channels much less often and is affected much less by settling time. Analog Input Data Acquisition Methods When performing analog input measurements, you either can perform software-timed or hardware-timed acquisitions. Hardware-timed acquisitions can be buffered or non-buffered. Software-Timed Acquisitions With a software-timed acquisition, software controls the rate of the acquisition.
Chapter 4 Analog Input Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals Table 4-4 summarizes the recommended input configuration for both types of signal sources. Table 4-4. Analog Input Configuration Floating Signal Sources (Not Connected to Building Ground) Ground-Referenced Signal Sources Examples: Example: •...
Chapter 4 Analog Input When you configure a channel for DIFF input, each signal uses two multiplexer inputs—one for the signal and one for its reference signal. Use DIFF input connections for any channel that meets any of the following conditions: •...
Chapter 4 Analog Input source or the isolation barrier. The PGIA then saturates, causing erroneous readings. You must reference the source to AI GND. The easiest way to make this reference is to connect the positive side of the signal to the positive input of the PGIA and connect the negative side of the signal to AI GND as well as to the negative input of the PGIA, without using resistors.
Chapter 4 Analog Input Single-Ended Connections for Floating or Grounded Signal Sources Figure 4-6 shows how to connect a floating or grounded signal source to a channel configured for RSE mode. Isolation Barrier AI <0.. n > Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier Floating or Digital...
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Chapter 4 Analog Input M Series devices use ai/SampleClock and ai/ConvertClock to perform interval sampling. As Figure 4-8 shows, ai/SampleClock controls the sample period, which is determined by the following equation: 1/Sample Period = Sample Rate Channel 0 Channel 1 Convert Period Sample Period Figure 4-8.
Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6230 devices feature the following analog input timing signals. • AI Sample Clock Signal • AI Sample Clock Timebase Signal • AI Convert Clock Signal • AI Convert Clock Timebase Signal • AI Hold Complete Event Signal •...
Chapter 4 Analog Input Figure 4-11 shows the relationship of ai/SampleClock to ai/StartTrigger. ai/SampleClockTimebase ai/StartTrigger ai/SampleClock Delay From Start Trigger Figure 4-11. ai/SampleClock and ai/StartTrigger AI Sample Clock Timebase Signal You can route any of the following signals to be the AI Sample Clock Timebase (ai/SampleClockTimebase) signal: •...
Chapter 4 Analog Input Using a Delay from Sample Clock to Convert Clock When using an internally generated ai/ConvertClock, you also can specify a configurable delay from ai/SampleClock to the first ai/ConvertClock pulse within the sample. By default, this delay is three ticks of ai/ConvertClockTimebase.
Chapter 4 Analog Input you do not use triggers, begin a measurement with a software command. Once the acquisition begins, configure the acquisition to stop: • When a certain number of points are sampled (in finite mode) • After a hardware reference trigger (in finite mode) •...
Chapter 4 Analog Input The source also can be one of several internal signals on your DAQ device. Refer to Device Routing in MAX in the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help for more information. You also can specify whether the measurement acquisition stops on the rising edge or falling edge of ai/ReferenceTrigger.
Chapter 5 Analog Output DACs. It allows you to download the points of a waveform to your M Series device without host computer interaction. AO Sample Clock The AO Sample Clock signal reads a sample from the DAC FIFO and generates the AO voltage.
Chapter 5 Analog Output Regeneration is the repetition of the data that is already in the buffer. Standard regeneration is when data from the PC buffer is continually downloaded to the FIFO to be written out. New data can be written to the PC buffer at any time without disrupting the output.
Chapter 5 Analog Output Pause Trigger Sample Clock Figure 5-4. ao/PauseTrigger with the Onboard Clock Source If you are using any signal other than the onboard clock as the source of your sample clock, the generation resumes as soon as the pause trigger is deasserted and another edge of the sample clock is received, as shown in Figure 5-5.
Chapter 5 Analog Output Figure 5-6 shows the relationship of ao/SampleClock to ao/StartTrigger. ao/SampleClockTimebase ao/StartTrigger ao/SampleClock Delay From Start Trigger Figure 5-6. ao/SampleClock and ao/StartTrigger AO Sample Clock Timebase Signal The AO Sample Clock Timebase (ao/SampleClockTimebase) signal is divided down to provide a source for ao/SampleClock. You can route any of the following signals to be the AO Sample Clock Timebase (ao/SampleClockTimebase) signal: •...
Chapter 6 Digital Input and Output Programmable Power-Up States By default, the digital output lines (P1.<0..3>/PFI <6..9>) are disabled (high impedance) at power up. Software can configure the board to power up with the entire port enabled or disabled; you cannot enable individual lines.
Chapter 7 Counters The counters have seven input signals, although in most applications only a few inputs are used. For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. Counter Input Applications Counting Edges In edge counting applications, the counter counts edges on its Source after the counter is armed.
Chapter 7 Counters Non-Cumulative Buffered Edge Counting Non-cumulative edge counting is similar to buffered (sample clock) edge counting. However, the counter resets after each active edge of the Sample Clock. You can route the Sample Clock to the Gate input of the counter. Figure 7-5 shows an example of non-cumulative buffered edge counting.
Chapter 7 Counters The counter counts the number of edges on the Source input while the Gate input remains active. On each trailing edge of the Gate signal, the counter stores the count in a hardware save register. A DMA controller transfers the stored values to host memory.
Chapter 7 Counters Figure 7-9 shows an example of a buffered period measurement. Counter Armed GATE SOURCE Counter Value (Discard) (Discard) (Discard) Buffer Figure 7-9. Buffered Period Measurement Note that if you are using an external signal as the Source, at least one Source pulse should occur between each active edge of the Gate signal.
Chapter 7 Counters You can route the signal to measure (F1) to the Gate of a counter. You can route a known timebase (Ft) to the Source of the counter. The known timebase can be 80MHzTimebase. For signals that might be slower than 0.02 Hz, use a slower known timebase.
Chapter 7 Counters Figure 7-13 illustrates this method. Another option would be to measure the width of a known period instead of a known pulse. Width of Pulse (T) Pulse Pulse Gate … Source Pulse-Width Width of Measurement Pulse Frequency of F1 = Figure 7-13.
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Chapter 7 Counters 80 MHz Timebase. Your measurement may return 1600 ± 1 cycles depending on the phase of the signal with respect to the timebase. As your frequency becomes larger, this error of ±1 cycle becomes more significant; Table 7-1 illustrates this point. Table 7-1.
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Chapter 7 Counters increment occurs on the rising edge of channel A. When channel B leads channel A, the decrement occurs on the falling edge of channel A. Ch A Ch B Counter Value Figure 7-15. X1 Encoding X2 Encoding The same behavior holds for X2 encoding except the counter increments or decrements on each edge of channel A, depending on which channel leads the other.
Chapter 7 Counters Ch A Ch B Counter Value 2 Figure 7-19. Measurements Using Two Pulse Encoders For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement Two-signal edge-separation measurement is similar to pulse-width measurement, except that there are two measurement signals—Aux and Gate.
Chapter 7 Counters Counter Output Applications Simple Pulse Generation Single Pulse Generation The counter can output a single pulse. The pulse appears on the Counter n Internal Output signal of the counter. You can specify a delay from when the counter is armed to the beginning of the pulse.
Chapter 7 Counters Pulse Train Generation Continuous Pulse Train Generation This function generates a train of pulses with programmable frequency and duty cycle. The pulses appear on the Counter n Internal Output signal of the counter. You can specify a delay from when the counter is armed to the beginning of the pulse train.
Chapter 7 Counters Frequency Output can be routed out to any output PFI <6..9> or RTSI <0..7> terminal. All PFI terminals are set to high-impedance at startup. In software, program the frequency generator as you would program one of the counters for pulse train generation. For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals...
Chapter 7 Counters performing. Table 7-3 lists how this terminal is used in various applications. Table 7-3. Counter Applications and Counter n Source Application Purpose of Source Terminal Pulse Generation Counter Timebase One Counter Time Measurements Counter Timebase Two Counter Time Measurements Input Terminal Non-Buffered Edge Counting Input Terminal...
Chapter 7 Counters Default Counter Terminals By default, NI-DAQmx routes the counter/timer inputs and outputs to the PFI pins, shown in Table 7-4. Table 7-4. NI 6230 Device Default NI-DAQmx Counter/Timer Pins Counter/Timer Signal Default Pin Number (Name) Port CTR 0 SRC 13 (PFI 0) P0.0 CTR 0 GATE...
Chapter 7 Counters Other Counter Features Cascading Counters You can internally route the Counter n Internal Output and Counter n TC signal of each counter to the Gate inputs of the other counter. By cascading two counters together, you can effectively create a 64-bit counter. By cascading counters, you also can enable other applications.
Chapter 7 Counters Prescaling is intended to be used for frequency measurement where the measurement is made on a continuous, repetitive signal. The prescaling counter cannot be read; therefore, you cannot determine how many edges have occurred since the previous rollover. Prescaling can be used for event counting provided it is acceptable to have an error of up to seven (or one).
Chapter 7 Counters Counter detects Counter value rising Gate edge. increments only one time for each Gate Source pulse. Source 80 MHz Timebase Counter Value Buffer Figure 7-33. Duplicate Count Prevention Example Even if the Source pulses are long, the counter increments only once for each Source pulse.
Chapter 7 Counters 80 MHz Source Mode In 80 MHz source mode, the device synchronizes signals on the rising edge of the source, and counts on the following rising edge of the source, as shown in Figure 7-34. Source Synchronize Count Figure 7-34.
Chapter 8 Figure 8-2 shows the circuitry of one PFI output line. Each PFI line is similar. Isolation Barrier Timing Signals Digital I/O Protection PFI <6..9>/P1.<0..3> Isolators Static DO Output Note: One output enable is shared Buffer Enable by all digital output signals. Figure 8-2.
Chapter 8 I/O Connector PFI 0 PFI 2 PFI 0 PFI 2 Source Source D GND M Series Device Figure 8-3. PFI Input Signals Connections PFI Filters You can enable a programmable debouncing filter on each PFI, RTSI, or PXI_STAR signal. When the filters are enabled, your device samples the input on each rising edge of a filter clock.
Chapter 8 I/O Protection Each DI, DO, and PFI signal is protected against overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrent conditions as well as ESD events. However, you should avoid these fault conditions by following these guidelines. • Do not connect any digital output line to any external signal source, ground signal, or power supply.
Chapter 9 Isolation and Digital Isolators Refer to the Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals section of Chapter 4, Analog Input, the Connecting Analog Voltage Output Signals section of Chapter 5, Analog Output, the Connecting Digital I/O Signals section of Chapter 6, Digital Input and Output, and the Connecting PFI Input Signals...
Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation 80 MHz Timebase The 80 MHz Timebase can be used as the Source input to the 32-bit general-purpose counter/timers. The 80 MHz Timebase can be generated from either of the following. • Onboard oscillator •...
Digital Routing and Clock Generation • Share trigger signals between devices Many National Instruments DAQ, motion, vision, and CAN devices support RTSI. In a PCI system, the RTSI bus consists of the RTSI bus interface and a ribbon cable. The bus can route timing and trigger signals between several functions on as many as five DAQ, vision, motion, or CAN devices in the computer.
Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation Using RTSI Terminals as Timing Input Signals You can use RTSI terminals to route external timing signals to many different M Series functions. Each RTSI terminal can be routed to any of the following signals. •...
Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation PXI Clock and Trigger Signals Note PXI clock and trigger signals are only available on PXI devices. Other devices use RTSI. PXI_CLK10 PXI_CLK10 is a common low-skew 10 MHz clock reference clock for synchronization of multiple modules in a PXI measurement or control system.
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Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation The filter setting for each input can be configured independently. On power up, the filters are disabled. Figure 10-4 shows an example of a low to high transition on an input that has its filter set to 125 ns (N = 5). RTSI, PFI, or PXI_STAR Terminal Filtered input goes high...
Generation, for more information on PXI clock and trigger signals. PXI and PXI Express NI PXI-6230 modules can be installed in any PXI chassis and most slots of PXI Express chassis. PXI specifications are developed by the PXI System Alliance ).
DMA is a method to transfer data between the device and computer memory without the involvement of the CPU. This method makes DMA the fastest available data transfer method. National Instruments uses DMA hardware and software technology to achieve high throughput rates and to increase system utilization.
Chapter 11 Bus Interface Interrupt Request (IRQ) IRQ transfers rely on the CPU to service data transfer requests. The device notifies the CPU when it is ready to transfer data. The data transfer speed is tightly coupled to the rate at which the CPU can service the interrupt requests.
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Chapter 12 Triggering You also can program your DAQ device to perform an action in response to a trigger from a digital source. The action can affect the following. • Analog input acquisition • Analog output generation • Counter behavior NI 6230 User Manual 12-2 ni.com...
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Appendix A AI 4 AI 0 AI GND AI 5 AI 1 AI GND AI 6 AI 2 AI GND AI 7 AI 3 AI GND AO GND AO 0 AO GND AO 1 AO GND AO 2 AO GND AO 3 PFI 0/P0.0 (Input) PFI 1/P0.1 (Input)
Refer to for other accessory options including new devices. ni.com Screw Terminal National Instruments offers several styles of screw terminal connector blocks. Use an SH37F-37M cable to connect an NI 6230 device to a connector block, such as the following: •...
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Appendix A RTSI Use RTSI bus cables to connect timing and synchronization signals among PCI devices, such as M Series, E Series, CAN, and other measurement, vision, and motion devices. Since PXI devices use PXI backplane signals for timing and synchronization, no cables are required. Cables In most applications, you can use the following cables: •...
Troubleshooting This section contains some common questions about M Series devices. If your questions are not answered here, refer to the National Instruments KnowledgeBase at . It contains thousands of documents that ni.com/kb answer frequently asked questions about NI products.
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Appendix B Troubleshooting reference the signal to the same ground level as the device reference. There are various methods of achieving this reference while maintaining a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). These methods are outlined in the Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals section of Chapter 4, Analog Input.
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Technical Support and Professional Services Visit the following sections of the National Instruments Web site at for technical support and professional services: ni.com • Support—Online technical support resources at ni.com/support include the following: – Self-Help Resources—For answers and solutions, visit the...
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Appendix C Technical Support and Professional Services Calibration Certificate—If your product supports calibration, • you can obtain the calibration certificate for your product at ni.com/calibration If you searched and could not find the answers you need, contact ni.com your local office or NI corporate headquarters. Phone numbers for our worldwide offices are listed at the front of this manual.
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Glossary Amperes—the unit of electric current. Analog-to-Digital. Most often used as A/D converter. Alternating current. accuracy A measure of the capability of an instrument or sensor to faithfully indicate the value of the measured signal. This term is not related to resolution; however, the accuracy level can never be better than the resolution of the instrument.
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Glossary bus, buses The group of electrical conductors that interconnect individual circuitry in a computer. Typically, a bus is the expansion vehicle to which I/O or other devices are connected. Examples of PC buses are the PCI, AT(ISA), and EISA bus. Celsius.
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Glossary 1. Data acquisition—The process of collecting and measuring electrical signals from sensors, transducers, and test probes or fixtures and inputting them to a computer for processing. 2. Data acquisition—The process of collecting and measuring the same kinds of electrical signals with A/D and/or DIO devices plugged into a computer, and possibly generating control signals with D/A and/or DIO devices in the same computer.
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Glossary encoder A device that converts linear or rotary displacement into digital or pulse signals. The most popular type of encoder is the optical encoder, which uses a rotating disk with alternating opaque areas, a light source, and a photodetector. external trigger A voltage pulse from an external source that causes a DAQ operation to begin.
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Glossary Input/Output—The transfer of data to/from a computer system involving communications channels, operator interface devices, and/or data acquisition and control interfaces. impedance 1. The electrical characteristic of a circuit expressed in ohms and/or capacitance/inductance. 2. Resistance. Inch or inches. instrument driver A set of high-level software functions that controls a specific GPIB, VXI, or RS232 programmable instrument or a specific plug-in DAQ device.
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National Instruments. NI-DAQ The driver software needed to use National Instruments DAQ devices and SCXI components. Some devices use Traditional NI-DAQ (Legacy); others use NI-DAQmx. NI 6230 User Manual G-12 ni.com...
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The time from the rising to the falling slope of a pulse (at 50% amplitude). A rugged, open system for modular instrumentation based on CompactPCI, with special mechanical, electrical, and software features. The PXIbus standard was originally developed by National Instruments in 1997, and is now managed by the PXIbus Systems Alliance. PXI Express PCI Express eXtensions for Instrumentation—The PXI implementation of...
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RTSI Real-Time System Integration. RTSI bus Real-Time System Integration bus—The National Instruments timing bus that connects DAQ devices directly, by means of connectors on top of the devices, for precise synchronization of functions. Seconds. Samples.
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Glossary scan One or more analog or digital input samples. Typically, the number of input samples in a scan is equal to the number of channels in the input group. For example, one pulse from the scan clock produces one scan which acquires one new sample from every analog input channel in the group.
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Glossary Timebase The reference signals for controlling the basic accuracy of time or frequency-based measurements. For instruments, timebase refers to the accuracy of the internal clock. Output delay time. transducer A device that responds to a physical stimulus (heat, light, sound, pressure, motion, flow, and so on), and produces a corresponding electrical signal.
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Index Declaration of Conformity (NI resources), C-1 default counter terminals, 7-30 as a transfer method, 11-3 device changing data transfer methods, 11-4 cabling, 2-4 controllers, 11-1 information, A-1 documentation multiple synchronization, 10-3 conventions used in manual, xv specifications, 1-2 NI resources, C-1 diagnostic tools (NI resources), C-1 related documentation, xvi differential...
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LabWindows/CVI documentation, xviii channels, 4-8 low impedance sources, 4-7 multichannel scanning considerations, 4-6 multiple device synchronization, 10-3 M Series information, A-1 National Instruments support and specifications, xix services, C-1 Measurement Studio documentation, xviii .NET languages documentation, xviii measurements NI 6230...
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Index connecting digital I/O, 6-2 RTSI, 10-3 connector pinout, 3-2, 10-4 connecting PFI input, 8-3 filters, 10-6 Counter n A, 7-28 using as outputs, 10-5 Counter n Aux, 7-27 using terminals as timing input Counter n B, 7-28 signals, 10-6 Counter n Gate, 7-27 Counter n HW Arm, 7-28 Counter n Internal Output, 7-29...
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