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National Instruments NI 6230 User Manual

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DAQ M Series
NI 6230 User Manual
NI 6230 User Manual
January 2006
371596A-01

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Summary of Contents for National Instruments NI 6230

  • Page 1 DAQ M Series NI 6230 User Manual NI 6230 User Manual January 2006 371596A-01...
  • Page 2 Thailand 662 278 6777, United Kingdom 44 0 1635 523545 For further support information, refer to the Technical Support and Professional Services appendix. To comment on National Instruments documentation, refer to the National Instruments Web site at and enter ni.com/info the info code feedback ©...
  • Page 3 Warranty The NI 6230 is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three years from the date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period.
  • Page 4 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE APPROPRIATE DESIGN, PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION.
  • Page 5 These classes are known as Class A (for use in industrial-commercial locations only) or Class B (for use in residential or commercial locations). All National Instruments (NI) products are FCC Class A products. Depending on where it is operated, this Class A product could be subject to restrictions in the FCC rules. (In Canada, the Department of Communications (DOC), of Industry Canada, regulates wireless interference in much the same way.) Digital...

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Device Specifications ....................1-2 Device Accessories and Cables ..................1-2 Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview DAQ Hardware ......................2-1 DAQ-STC2......................2-2 Calibration Circuitry..................2-3 Sensors and Transducers....................2-3 Cables and Accessories....................2-4 Custom Cabling ....................2-4 Programming Devices in Software ................2-5 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 7 Single-Ended Connection Considerations ............4-17 Single-Ended Connections for Floating or Grounded Signal Sources ................4-18 Field Wiring Considerations..................4-18 Analog Input Timing Signals ..................4-19 AI Sample Clock Signal.................. 4-22 Using an Internal Source ..............4-22 NI 6230 User Manual viii ni.com...
  • Page 8 Routing AO Start Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal....5-7 AO Pause Trigger Signal.................5-7 Using a Digital Source ..............5-8 Routing AO Pause Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal....5-9 AO Sample Clock Signal.................5-9 Using an Internal Source..............5-9 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 9 Method 3—Measure Large Range of Frequencies Using Two Counters................. 7-12 Choosing a Method for Measuring Frequency ......... 7-13 Position Measurement..................7-15 Measurements Using Quadrature Encoders........7-15 Measurements Using Two Pulse Encoders ........7-17 Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement ........... 7-18 NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 10 Arm Start Trigger ....................7-31 Start Trigger.....................7-31 Pause Trigger....................7-31 Other Counter Features ....................7-32 Cascading Counters ..................7-32 Counter Filters ....................7-32 Prescaling ......................7-33 Duplicate Count Prevention ................7-34 Example Application That Works Correctly (No Duplicate Counting)..............7-34 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 11 Real-Time System Integration Bus (RTSI) ..............10-3 RTSI Connector Pinout ................... 10-4 Using RTSI as Outputs ................... 10-5 Using RTSI Terminals as Timing Input Signals..........10-6 RTSI Filters..................... 10-6 PXI Clock and Trigger Signals..................10-8 PXI_CLK10 ....................10-8 NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 12 Chapter 12 Triggering Triggering with a Digital Source ...................12-1 Appendix A NI 6230 Device Information NI 6230 Pinout.......................A-1 NI 6230 Specifications....................A-3 NI 6230 Accessory and Cabling Options ..............A-3 Appendix B Troubleshooting Appendix C Technical Support and Professional Services Glossary Index ©...

  • Page 13: About This Manual

    The NI 6230 User Manual contains information about using the National Instruments 6230 M Series data acquisition (DAQ) devices with NI-DAQ 8.0 and later. NI 6230 devices feature eight analog input (AI) channels, four analog output (AO) channels, two counters, six lines of digital input (DI), and four lines of digital output (DO).

  • Page 14: Related Documentation

    Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ»DAQ Getting Started Guide. The NI-DAQ Readme lists which devices are supported by this version of NI-DAQ. Select Start»All Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ» NI-DAQ Readme. The NI-DAQmx Help contains general information about measurement concepts, key NI-DAQmx concepts, and common applications that are applicable to all programming environments.

  • Page 15: Ni-Daqmx Base

    NI-DAQmx measurement in LabVIEW using the DAQ Assistant. • VI and Function Reference»Measurement I/O VIs and Functions—Describes the LabVIEW NI-DAQmx VIs and properties. © National Instruments Corporation xvii NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 16: Labwindows/Cvi

    .NET and Visual C++ class libraries. This help collection is integrated into the Visual Studio .NET documentation. In Visual Studio .NET, select Help»Contents. Note You must have Visual Studio .NET installed to view the NI Measurement Studio Help. NI 6230 User Manual xviii ni.com...

  • Page 17: Device Documentation And Specifications

    About This Manual Device Documentation and Specifications The NI 6230 Specifications contains all specifications for NI 6230 M Series devices. NI-DAQ 7.0 and later includes the Device Document Browser, which contains online documentation for supported DAQ, SCXI, and switch devices, such as help files describing device pinouts, features, and operation, and PDF files of the printed device documents.

  • Page 18: Getting Started

    Getting Started M Series NI 6230 devices feature eight analog input (AI) channels, four analog output (AO) channels, two counters, six lines of digital input (DI), and four lines of digital output (DO). If you have not already installed your device, refer to the DAQ Getting Started Guide.

  • Page 19: Device Specifications

    Chapter 1 Getting Started Device Specifications Refer to the NI 6230 Specifications, available on the NI-DAQ Device Document Browser or , for more detailed information ni.com/manuals on the NI 6230 device. Device Accessories and Cables NI offers a variety of accessories and cables to use with your DAQ device.

  • Page 20: Daq System Overview

    Figure 2-1. Components of a Typical DAQ System DAQ Hardware DAQ hardware digitizes signals, performs D/A conversions to generate analog output signals, and measures and controls digital I/O signals. Figure 2-2 features the components of the NI 6230 device. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 21: Daq-Stc2

    PFI/Static DIO Figure 2-2. General NI 6230 Block Diagram DAQ-STC2 The DAQ-STC2 implements a high-performance digital engine for NI 6230 data acquisition hardware. Some key features of this engine include the following: • Flexible AI and AO sample and convert timing •...

  • Page 22: Calibration Circuitry

    Taking Measurements book on the Contents tab. • If you are using other application software, refer to Common Sensors in the NI-DAQmx Help, which can be accessed from Start»All Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ»NI-DAQmx Help. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 23: Cables And Accessories

    Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Cables and Accessories NI offers a variety of products to use with NI 6230 devices, including cables, connector blocks, and other accessories, as follows: • Cables and cable assemblies – Shielded – Unshielded ribbon •...

  • Page 24: Programming Devices In Software

    Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Programming Devices in Software National Instruments measurement devices are packaged with NI-DAQ driver software, an extensive library of functions and VIs you can call from your application software, such as LabVIEW or LabWindows/CVI, to program all the features of your NI measurement devices. Driver software...

  • Page 25: Connector Information

    AO <0..3> AO GND Output Analog Output Channels 0 to 3—These terminals supply the voltage output of AO channels 0 to 3. Note: AO <0..3> are isolated from earth ground and chassis ground. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 26: Rtsi Connector Pinout

    — — No connect—Do not connect signals to these terminals. RTSI Connector Pinout Refer to the RTSI Connector Pinout section of Chapter 10, Digital Routing and Clock Generation, for information on the RTSI connector. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 27: Analog Input

    Analog Input Figure 4-1 shows the analog input circuitry of NI 6230 devices. Isolation Barrier AI <0.. n > DIFF, Digital AI FIFO RSE, NI-PGIA AI Data Isolators or NRSE Input Range AI GND Selection AI Terminal Configuration Selection Figure 4-1. NI 6230 Analog Input Circuitry...

  • Page 28: Analog Input Range

    The NI-PGIA amplifies or attenuates the AI signal depending on the input range. You can individually program the input range of each AI channel on your M Series device. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 29 For more information on programming these settings, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help. Table 4-1 shows the input ranges and resolutions supported by the NI 6230 device. Table 4-1. Input Ranges for NI 6230...

  • Page 30: Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings

    Chapter 4 Analog Input Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings NI 6230 devices support the analog input ground-reference settings shown in Table 4-2. Table 4-2. Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings AI Ground-Reference Settings Description DIFF In differential (DIFF) mode, the NI 6230 device measures the difference in voltage between two AI signals.
  • Page 31 Maximum Working Voltage section of the NI 6230 Specifications. Exceeding the maximum input voltage or maximum working voltage of AI signals distorts the measurement results.

  • Page 32: Configuring Ai Ground-Reference Settings In Software

    Settling time refers to the time it takes the NI-PGIA to amplify the input signal to the desired accuracy before it is sampled by the ADC. The NI 6230 Specifications shows the device settling time. M Series devices are designed to have fast settling times. However several factors can increase the settling time which decreases the accuracy of your measurements.

  • Page 33: Use Low Impedance Sources

    The capacitance of the cable also can increase the settling time. National Instruments recommends using individually shielded, twisted-pair wires that are 2 m or less to connect AI signals to the device.

  • Page 34: Carefully Choose The Channel Scanning Order

    200 mV to match channel 1. Then scan channels in the order: 0, 2, 1. Inserting a grounded channel between signal channels improves settling time because the NI-PGIA adjusts to the new input range setting faster when the input is grounded. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 35: Minimize Voltage Step Between Adjacent Channels

    0, then one point from channel 1, and so on. You also could read all 100 points from channel 0 then read 100 points from channel 1. The second method © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 36: Analog Input Data Acquisition Methods

    One property of buffered I/O operations is the sample mode. The sample mode can be either finite or continuous. NI 6230 User Manual 4-10 ni.com...

  • Page 37: Non-Buffered

    AI Reference Trigger Signal, and AI Pause Trigger Signal sections for information on these triggers. A digital trigger can initiate these actions. NI 6230 devices support digital triggering, but do not support analog triggering. © National Instruments Corporation 4-11 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 38: Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals

    AI GND Referenced Single-Ended (RSE) Isolation Isolation Barrier Barrier AI + – – AI GND AI GND – – Refer to the Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings section for descriptions of DIFF and RSE modes. NI 6230 User Manual 4-12 ni.com...

  • Page 39: Types Of Signal Sources

    100 mV, but the difference can be much higher if power distribution circuits are improperly connected. If a grounded signal source is incorrectly measured, this difference can appear as measurement error. The NI 6230 isolates the ground of the instrument from the PC to help eliminate this error.

  • Page 40: Differential Connections For Ground-Referenced Signal Sources

    DIFF signal connections also allow input signals to float within the common-mode limits of the PGIA. Differential Connections for Ground-Referenced Signal Sources Figure 4-4 shows how to connect a ground-referenced signal source to a channel on the device configured in DIFF mode. NI 6230 User Manual 4-14 ni.com...

  • Page 41: Differential Input Biasing

    V in the figure. Refer to the NI 6230 Specifications for the usable range of V Common-Mode Signal Rejection Considerations For signal sources that are already referenced to some ground point with respect to the device, the PGIA can reject any voltage caused by ground potential differences between the signal source and the device.

  • Page 42: Differential Connections For Non-Referenced Or Floating Signal Sources

    This figure shows AI GND connected to the ground reference point for the floating signal source. If you do not connect AI GND, the source is not likely to remain within the common-mode signal range of the PGIA due to NI 6230 User Manual 4-16 ni.com...

  • Page 43: Single-Ended Connection Considerations

    Magnetic coupling is proportional to the area between the two signal conductors. Electrical coupling is a function of how much the electric field differs between the two conductors. © National Instruments Corporation 4-17 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 44: Single-Ended Connections For Floating Or Grounded Signal Sources

    Selected Channel in RSE or NRSE Configuration Figure 4-6. Single-Ended Connections for Floating Signal Sources (RSE Configuration) Refer to the NI 6230 Specifications for the usable range of V Common-Mode Signal Rejection Considerations For signal sources that are already referenced to some ground point with respect to the device, the PGIA can reject any voltage caused by ground potential differences between the signal source and the device.

  • Page 45: Analog Input Timing Signals

    Analog Input Timing Signals In order to provide all of the timing functionality described throughout this section, NI 6230 devices have a flexible timing engine. Figure 4-7 summarizes all of the timing options provided by the analog input timing engine. Also refer to the...
  • Page 46 The sample counter is loaded with the specified number of posttrigger samples, in this example, five. The value decrements with each pulse on ai/SampleClock, until the value reaches zero and all desired samples have been acquired. NI 6230 User Manual 4-20 ni.com...
  • Page 47 If an ai/ReferenceTrigger pulse occurs before the specified number of pretrigger samples are acquired, the trigger pulse is ignored. Otherwise, when the ai/ReferenceTrigger pulse occurs, the sample counter value decrements until the specified number of posttrigger samples have been acquired. © National Instruments Corporation 4-21 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 48: Ai Sample Clock Signal

    Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6230 devices feature the following analog input timing signals. • AI Sample Clock Signal • AI Sample Clock Timebase Signal • AI Convert Clock Signal • AI Convert Clock Timebase Signal • AI Hold Complete Event Signal •...

  • Page 49: Routing Ai Sample Clock Signal To An Output Terminal

    Failure to do so may result in ai/SampleClock pulses that are masked off and acquisitions with erratic sampling intervals. Refer to the AI Convert Clock Signal section for more information on the timing requirements between ai/ConvertClock and ai/SampleClock. © National Instruments Corporation 4-23 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 50: Ai Sample Clock Timebase Signal

    Clock, consists of one or more conversions. You can specify either an internal or external signal as the source of ai/ConvertClock. You also can specify whether the measurement sample begins on the rising edge or falling edge of ai/ConvertClock. NI 6230 User Manual 4-24 ni.com...

  • Page 51: Using An Internal Source

    You can route ai/ConvertClock (as an active low signal) out to any output PFI <6..9> or RTSI <0..7> terminal. PFI <0..5> terminals are fixed inputs. PFI <6..9> terminals are fixed outputs. © National Instruments Corporation 4-25 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 52: Using A Delay From Sample Clock To Convert Clock

    (using AI channels 0, 1, 2, and 3) and demonstrates proper and improper sequencing of ai/SampleClock and ai/ConvertClock. It is also possible to use a single external signal to drive both ai/SampleClock and ai/ConvertClock at the same time. In this mode, each NI 6230 User Manual 4-26 ni.com...

  • Page 53: Ai Convert Clock Timebase Signal

    AI multiplexers indicating when the input signal has been sampled and can be removed. AI Start Trigger Signal Use the AI Start Trigger (ai/StartTrigger) signal to begin a measurement acquisition. A measurement acquisition consists of one or more samples. If © National Instruments Corporation 4-27 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 54: Using A Digital Source

    Use a reference trigger (ai/ReferenceTrigger) signal to stop a measurement acquisition. To use a reference trigger, specify a buffer of finite size and a number of pretrigger samples (samples that occur before the reference NI 6230 User Manual 4-28 ni.com...

  • Page 55: Using A Digital Source

    To use ai/ReferenceTrigger with a digital source, specify a source and an edge. The source can be any of the following signals: • Input PFI <0..5> • RTSI <0..7> • PXI_STAR © National Instruments Corporation 4-29 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 56: Routing Ai Reference Trigger Signal To An Output Terminal

    LabVIEW 8.x Help for more information. Routing AI Pause Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal You can route ai/PauseTrigger out to RTSI <0..7>. Note Pause triggers are only sensitive to the level of the source, not the edge. NI 6230 User Manual 4-30 ni.com...

  • Page 57: Getting Started With Ai Applications In Software

    I/O data transfer mechanisms. Some of the applications also use start, reference, and pause triggers. Note For more information about programming analog input applications and triggers in software, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help. © National Instruments Corporation 4-31 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 58: Analog Output

    Analog Output NI 6230 devices have four AO channels that are controlled by a single clock and are capable of waveform generation. Figure 5-1 shows the analog output circuitry of NI 6230 devices. Isolation Barrier DAC0 AO 0 AO 1...

  • Page 59: Minimizing Glitches On The Output Signal

    DAC conversion. In NI-DAQmx, software-timed generations are referred to as on-demand timing. Software-timed generations are also referred to as immediate or static operations. They are typically used for writing a single value out, such as a constant DC voltage. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 60: Hardware-Timed Generations

    There are several different methods of continuous generation that control what data is written. These methods are regeneration, FIFO regeneration and non-regeneration modes. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 61: Analog Output Triggering

    Analog output supports two different triggering actions: • Start trigger • Pause trigger A digital trigger can initiate these actions. NI 6230 devices support digital triggering, but do not support analog triggering. Refer to the AO Start Trigger Signal AO Pause Trigger Signal sections for more information on these triggering actions.

  • Page 62: Connecting Analog Voltage Output Signals

    V OUT Isolation AO 1 Barrier Channel 1 I/O Connector AO 2 Channel 2 V OUT Load – Load V OUT AO 3 Channel 3 AO GND Figure 5-2. Analog Output Connections © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 63: Analog Output Timing Signals

    Programmable Clock 20 MHz Timebase Divider 100 kHz Timebase PXI_CLK10 Figure 5-3. Analog Output Timing Options NI 6230 devices feature the following AO (waveform generation) timing signals. • AO Start Trigger Signal • AO Pause Trigger Signal • AO Sample Clock Signal •...

  • Page 64: Routing Ao Start Trigger Signal To An Output Terminal

    If the source of your sample clock is the onboard clock, the generation resumes as soon as the pause trigger is deasserted, as shown in Figure 5-4. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 65: Using A Digital Source

    Refer to Device Routing in MAX in the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help for more information. You also can specify whether the samples are paused when ao/PauseTrigger is at a logic high or low level. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 66: Routing Ao Pause Trigger Signal To An Output Terminal

    When using an internally generated ao/SampleClock, you also can specify a configurable delay from ao/StartTrigger to the first ao/SampleClock pulse. By default, this delay is two ticks of ao/SampleClockTimebase. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 67: Ao Sample Clock Timebase Signal

    If you want to use an external sample clock signal, but do not need to divide the signal, then you should use ao/SampleClock rather than ao/SampleClockTimebase. NI 6230 User Manual 5-10 ni.com...

  • Page 68: Getting Started With Ao Applications In Software

    DMA data transfer mechanisms. Some of the applications also use start triggers and pause triggers. Note For more information about programming analog output applications and triggers in software, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help. © National Instruments Corporation 5-11 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 69: Digital Input And Output

    Export a timing output signal to a line as a PFI pin The voltage input and output levels and the current drive level of the DI and DO lines are listed in the NI 6230 Specifications. Refer to Chapter 8, PFI, for more information on PFI inputs and outputs.

  • Page 70: Programmable Power-Up States

    TTL signals and sensing external device states, such as the state of the switch shown in the figure. Digital output applications include sending TTL signals and driving external devices, such as the LED shown in the figure. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 71: Getting Started With Dio Applications In Software

    Figure 6-1. Digital I/O Connections Caution Exceeding the maximum input voltage or maximum working voltage ratings, which are listed in the NI 6230 Specifications, can damage the DAQ device and the computer. NI is not liable for any damage resulting from such signal connections.

  • Page 72: Counters

    Counters NI 6230 devices have two general-purpose 32-bit counter/timers and one frequency generator, as shown in Figure 7-1. The general-purpose counter/timers can be used for many measurement and pulse generation applications. Input Selection Muxes Counter 0 Counter 0 Source (Counter 0 Timebase)

  • Page 73: Counter Input Applications

    You can route the pause trigger to the Gate input of the counter. You can configure the counter to pause counting when the pause trigger is high or when it is low. Figure 7-3 shows an example of on-demand edge counting with a pause trigger. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 74: Buffered (Sample Clock) Edge Counting

    Gate. Counter Armed Sample Clock (Sample on Rising Edge) SOURCE Counter Value Buffer Figure 7-4. Buffered (Sample Clock) Edge Counting © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 75: Non-Cumulative Buffered Edge Counting

    Always count up • Always count down • Count up when the Counter n B input is high; count down when it is For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 76: Pulse-Width Measurement

    SOURCE Counter Value HW Save Register Figure 7-6. Single Pulse-Width Measurement Buffered Pulse-Width Measurement Buffered pulse-width measurement is similar to single pulse-width measurement, but buffered pulse-width measurement takes measurements over multiple pulses. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 77: Period Measurement

    (or falling) edges occurring on the Source input between the two active edges of the Gate signal. You can calculate the period of the Gate input by multiplying the period of the Source signal by the number of edges returned by the counter. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 78: Single Period Measurement

    Gate input. So the first value stored in the hardware save register does not reflect a full period of the Gate input. In most applications, this first point should be discarded. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 79: Semi-Period Measurement

    You can calculate the semi-period of the Gate input by multiplying the period of the Source signal by the number of edges returned by the counter. Single Semi-Period Measurement Single semi-period measurement is equivalent to single pulse-width measurement. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 80: Buffered Semi-Period Measurement

    You can choose one of the following methods depending on your application. Method 1—Measure Low Frequency with One Counter In this method, you measure one period of your signal using a known timebase. This method is good for low frequency signals. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 81: Method 1B-Measure Low Frequency With One Counter (Averaged)

    Recall that the first period measurement in the buffer should be discarded. Average the remaining K period measurements to determine the average period of F1. The frequency of F1 is the inverse of the average period. Figure 7-12 illustrates this method. NI 6230 User Manual 7-10 ni.com...

  • Page 82: Method 2-Measure High Frequency With Two Counters

    Route the signal to measure (F1) to the Source of the counter. Configure the counter for a single pulse-width measurement. Suppose you measure the width of pulse T to be N periods of F1. Then the frequency of F1 is N/T. © National Instruments Corporation 7-11 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 83: Method 3-Measure Large Range Of Frequencies Using Two Counters

    You can route the signal to measure to the Source input of Counter 0, as shown in Figure 7-14. Assume this signal to measure has frequency F1. Configure Counter 0 to generate a single pulse that is the width of N periods of the source input signal. NI 6230 User Manual 7-12 ni.com...

  • Page 84: Choosing A Method For Measuring Frequency

    However, the accuracy of the measurement decreases as the frequency increases. Consider a frequency measurement on a 50 kHz signal using an 80 MHz Timebase. This frequency corresponds to 1600 cycles of the © National Instruments Corporation 7-13 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 85 (if you cannot provide an external signal of known width). An advantage of Method 2 is that the measurement completes in a known amount of time. • Method 3 measures high and low frequency signals accurately. However, it requires two counters. NI 6230 User Manual 7-14 ni.com...

  • Page 86: Position Measurement

    X2, or X4. Figure 7-15 shows a quadrature cycle and the resulting increments and decrements for X1 encoding. When channel A leads channel B, the © National Instruments Corporation 7-15 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 87 Some quadrature encoders have a third channel, channel Z, which is also referred to as the index channel. A high level on channel Z causes the counter to be reloaded with a specified value in a specified phase of the NI 6230 User Manual 7-16 ni.com...

  • Page 88: Measurements Using Two Pulse Encoders

    The counter supports two pulse encoders that have two channels—channels A and B. The counter increments on each rising edge of channel A. The counter decrements on each rising edge of channel B, as shown in Figure. 7-19. © National Instruments Corporation 7-17 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 89: Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement

    The counter then stores the count in a hardware save register and ignores other edges on its inputs. Software then can read the stored count. Figure 7-20 shows an example of a single two-signal edge-separation measurement. NI 6230 User Manual 7-18 ni.com...

  • Page 90: Buffered Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement

    Figure 7-21 shows an example of a buffered two-signal edge-separation measurement. GATE SOURCE Counter Value Buffer Figure 7-21. Buffered Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. © National Instruments Corporation 7-19 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 91: Counter Output Applications

    After the Start Trigger signal pulses once, the counter ignores the Gate input. Figure 7-23 shows a generation of a pulse with a pulse delay of four and a pulse width of three (using the rising edge of Source). NI 6230 User Manual 7-20 ni.com...

  • Page 92: Retriggerable Single Pulse Generation

    (using the rising edge of Source). GATE (Start Trigger) SOURCE Figure 7-24. Retriggerable Single Pulse Generation For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. © National Instruments Corporation 7-21 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 93: Pulse Train Generation

    Counter n Internal Output signal is equal to the frequency of the Source input divided by M + N. For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Default Counter Terminals section. NI 6230 User Manual 7-22 ni.com...

  • Page 94: Frequency Generation

    Figure 7-27 shows the output waveform of the frequency generator when the divider is set to 5. Frequency Output Timebase Freq Out (Divisor = 5) Figure 7-27. Frequency Generator Output Waveform © National Instruments Corporation 7-23 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 95: Frequency Division

    Gate edge is in progress. The waveform thus produced at the counter’s output can be used to provide timing for undersampling applications where a digitizing system can sample repetitive waveforms that are higher in frequency than the Nyquist NI 6230 User Manual 7-24 ni.com...

  • Page 96: Counter Timing Signals

    Counter 0) and Counter 1 Source (the source input to Counter 1). Counter n Source Signal The selected edge of the Counter n Source signal increments and decrements the counter value depending on the application the counter is © National Instruments Corporation 7-25 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 97: Routing A Signal To Counter N Source

    Some of these options may not be available in some driver software. Routing Counter n Source to an Output Terminal You can route Counter n Source out to any output PFI <6..9> or RTSI <0..7> terminal. All PFIs are set to high-impedance at startup. NI 6230 User Manual 7-26 ni.com...

  • Page 98: Counter N Gate Signal

    Each counter has independent input selectors for the Counter n Aux signal. Any of the following signals can be routed to the Counter n Aux input. • RTSI <0..7> • Input PFI <0..5> • ai/ReferenceTrigger © National Instruments Corporation 7-27 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 99: Counter N A, Counter N B, And Counter N Z Signals

    To begin any counter input or output function, you must first enable, or arm, the counter. In some applications, such as buffered semi-period measurement, the counter begins counting when it is armed. In other applications, such as single pulse-width measurement, the counter begins NI 6230 User Manual 7-28 ni.com...

  • Page 100: Routing Signals To Counter N Hw Arm Input

    The Frequency Output (FREQ OUT) signal is the output of the frequency output generator. Routing Frequency Output to a Terminal You can route Frequency Output to any output PFI <6..9> terminal. All PFIs are set to high-impedance at startup. © National Instruments Corporation 7-29 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 101: Default Counter Terminals

    Counters Default Counter Terminals By default, NI-DAQmx routes the counter/timer inputs and outputs to the PFI pins, shown in Table 7-4. Table 7-4. NI 6230 Device Default NI-DAQmx Counter/Timer Pins Counter/Timer Signal Default Pin Number (Name) Port CTR 0 SRC 13 (PFI 0) P0.0...

  • Page 102: Counter Triggering

    When using a pause trigger, the pause trigger source is routed to the Counter n Gate signal input of the counter. © National Instruments Corporation 7-31 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 103: Other Counter Features

    Guaranteed to Filter Setting to Pass Signal) Pass Filter Not Pass Filter 125 ns 125 ns 100 ns 6.425 µs 6.425 µs 6.400 µs 2.55 ms ~101,800 2.55 ms 2.54 ms Disabled — — — NI 6230 User Manual 7-32 ni.com...

  • Page 104: Prescaling

    Source and puts out a frequency that is one-eighth (or one-half) of what it is accepting. External Signal Prescaler Rollover (Used as Source by Counter) Counter Value Figure 7-30. Prescaling © National Instruments Corporation 7-33 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 105: Duplicate Count Prevention

    On the first rising edge of the Gate, the current count of 7 is stored. On the next rising edge of the Gate, the counter stores a 2 since two Source pulses occurred after the previous rising edge of Gate. NI 6230 User Manual 7-34 ni.com...

  • Page 106: Example Application That Works Incorrectly (Duplicate Counting)

    Gate even if the Source does not pulse. This enables the correct current count to be stored in the buffer even if no Source edges occur between Gate signals, as shown in Figure 7-33. © National Instruments Corporation 7-35 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 107: When To Use Duplicate Count Prevention

    The frequency of the external source is 20 MHz or less • You can have the counter value and output to change synchronously with the 80 MHz Timebase In all other cases, you should not use duplicate count prevention. NI 6230 User Manual 7-36 ni.com...

  • Page 108: Enabling Duplicate Count Prevention In Ni-Daqmx

    80 MHz Source All Except Position 20 MHz Timebase, Other Internal Source Measurement 100 kHz Timebase, or PXI_CLK10 All Except Position Any Other Signal External Source Measurement (such as PFI or RTSI) © National Instruments Corporation 7-37 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 109: 80 Mhz Source Mode

    Source signal, and counts on the following rising edge of the source, as shown in Figure 7-36. Source Synchronize Delayed Source Count Figure 7-36. External Source Mode NI 6230 User Manual 7-38 ni.com...

  • Page 110: Pfi

    NI 6230 devices have 10 Programmable Function Interface (PFI) signals—six input signals and four output signals. Each PFI <0..5>/P0.<0..5> can be configured as a timing input signal for AI or counter/timer functions or a static digital input. Each PFI input also has a programmable debouncing filter.

  • Page 111: Using Pfi Terminals As Timing Input Signals

    P0.x or P1.x. The voltage input and output levels and the current drive levels of the PFI signals are listed in the NI 6230 Specifications. Using PFI Terminals as Timing Input Signals Use PFI <0..5> terminals to route external timing signals to many different M Series functions.

  • Page 112: Exporting Timing Output Signals Using Pfi Terminals

    All PFI input connections are referenced to D GND. Figure 8-3 shows this reference, and how to connect an external PFI 0 source and an external PFI 2 source to two PFI terminals. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 113: Pfi Filters

    N consecutive edges, the low to high transition is propagated to the rest of the circuit. The value of N depends on the filter setting; refer to Table 8-1. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 114 Refer to the KnowledgeBase document, Digital Filtering with M Series, for more information about digital filters and counters. To access this KnowledgeBase, go to and enter the info code ni.com/info rddfms © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 115: I/O Protection

    If the port powers up enabled, you also can configure each line individually to power up as 1 or 0. Refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help for more information about setting power-up states in NI-DAQmx or MAX. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 116: Isolation And Digital Isolators

    All analog measurements are made relative to the isolated ground signal. The isolated ground is an input to the NI 6230 device. The user must connect this ground to the ground of system being measured or controlled.

  • Page 117: Digital Isolation

    Chapter 8, PFI, for more information. Digital Isolation The NI 6230 uses digital isolators. Unlike analog isolators, digital isolators do not introduce any analog error in the measurements taken by the device. The A/D converter, used for analog input, is on the isolated side of the device.

  • Page 118: Digital Routing And Clock Generation

    ÷ 8 80 MHz Output Selectors) Oscillator External 80 MHz Timebase Reference RTSI <0..7> Clock ÷ PXI_CLK10 20 MHz Timebase PXI_STAR ÷ 100 kHz Timebase Figure 10-1. M Series Clock Routing Circuitry © National Instruments Corporation 10-1 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 119: 80 Mhz Timebase

    The following signals can be routed to drive the external reference clock. • RTSI <0..7> • PXI_CLK10 • PXI_STAR The external reference clock is an input to a Phase-Lock Loop (PLL). The PLL generates the internal timebases. NI 6230 User Manual 10-2 ni.com...

  • Page 120: 10 Mhz Reference Clock

    Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) is set of bused signals among devices that allow you to do the following. • Use a common clock (or timebase) to drive the timing engine on multiple devices © National Instruments Corporation 10-3 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 121: Rtsi Connector Pinout

    Digital Routing and Clock Generation • Share trigger signals between devices Many National Instruments DAQ, motion, vision, and CAN devices support RTSI. In a PCI system, the RTSI bus consists of the RTSI bus interface and a ribbon cable. The bus can route timing and trigger signals between several functions on as many as five DAQ, vision, motion, or CAN devices in the computer.

  • Page 122: Using Rtsi As Outputs

    10 MHz Reference Clock • Counter n Source, Gate, Z, Internal Output • FREQ OUT • Input PFI <0..5> Note Signals with a * are inverted before being driven on the RTSI terminals. © National Instruments Corporation 10-5 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 123: Using Rtsi Terminals As Timing Input Signals

    N consecutive edges, the low to high transition is propagated to the rest of the circuit. The value of N depends on the filter setting; refer to Table 10-2. NI 6230 User Manual 10-6 ni.com...
  • Page 124 Refer to the KnowledgeBase document, Digital Filtering with M Series, for more information about digital filters and counters. To access this KnowledgeBase, go to and enter the info code ni.com/info rddfms © National Instruments Corporation 10-7 NI 6230 User Manual...

  • Page 125: Pxi Clock And Trigger Signals

    An M Series device receives the Star Trigger signal (PXI_STAR) from a Star Trigger controller. PXI_STAR can be used as an external source for many AI, AO, and counter signals. NI 6230 User Manual 10-8 ni.com...

  • Page 126: Pxi_Star Filters

    Pass Signal) Pass Filter Not Pass Filter 125 ns 125 ns 100 ns 6.425 µs 6.425 µs 6.400 µs 2.55 ms ~101,800 2.55 ms 2.54 ms Disabled — — — © National Instruments Corporation 10-9 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 127 PFI, the M Series device does not use the filtered version of the input signal. Refer to the KnowledgeBase document, Digital Filtering with M Series, for more information about digital filters and counters. To access this KnowledgeBase, go to and enter the info code ni.com/info rddfms NI 6230 User Manual 10-10 ni.com...

  • Page 128: Bus Interface

    Bus Interface The bus interface circuitry of NI 6230 devices efficiently moves data between host memory and the measurement and acquisition circuits. NI 6230 devices are available for the following platforms. • • NI 6230 devices are jumperless for complete plug-and-play operation. The operating system automatically assigns the base address, interrupt levels, and other resources.

  • Page 129: Pxi Considerations

    PXI hybrid slots—Accepts PXI or PXI Express modules. PXI-1 devices use PCI signaling to communicate to the host controller (as opposed to PCI Express signaling). Peripheral devices are installed in peripheral slots and are not system controllers. NI 6230 User Manual 11-2 ni.com...

  • Page 130: Using Pxi With Compactpci

    DMA is a method to transfer data between the device and computer memory without the involvement of the CPU. This method makes DMA the fastest available data transfer method. National Instruments uses DMA hardware and software technology to achieve high throughput rates and to increase system utilization.

  • Page 131: Interrupt Request (Irq)

    DMA. However, NI-DAQmx allows you to disable DMA and use interrupts. To change your data transfer mechanism between DMA and interrupts in NI-DAQmx, use the Data Transfer Mechanism property node. NI 6230 User Manual 11-4 ni.com...

  • Page 132: Triggering

    When you configure a trigger, you must decide how you want to produce the trigger and the action you want the trigger to cause. NI 6230 devices support internal software triggering, as well as external digital triggering. For information about the different actions triggers can perform for each sub-system of the device, refer to the following sections: •...
  • Page 133 You also can program your DAQ device to perform an action in response to a trigger from a digital source. The action can affect the following. • Analog input acquisition • Analog output generation • Counter behavior NI 6230 User Manual 12-2 ni.com...

  • Page 134: Ni 6230 Device Information

    NI 6230 Device Information This appendix contains device pinouts, specifications, cable and accessory choices, and other information for the NI 6230 M Series devices. To obtain documentation for devices not listed here, refer to ni.com/ manuals NI 6230 Pinout Figure A-1 shows the pinout of the NI 6230.
  • Page 135 PFI 7/P1.1 (Output) D GND PFI 8/P1.2 (Output) PFI 9/P1.3 (Output) NC = No Connect Figure A-1. NI 6230 Pinout Table A-1. NI 6230 Device Default NI-DAQmx Counter/Timer Pins Counter/Timer Signal Default Pin Number (Name) Port CTR 0 SRC 13 (PFI 0) P0.0...

  • Page 136: Ni 6230 Specifications

    Screw Terminal National Instruments offers several styles of screw terminal connector blocks. Use an SH37F-37M cable to connect an NI 6230 device to a connector block, such as the following: • CB-37F-HVD—37-pin DIN rail screw terminal block, UL Recognized derated to 30 Vrms, 42.4 V...
  • Page 137 • R37F-37M-1—37-pin female-to-male ribbon I/O cable • SH37F-P-4—37-pin female-to-pigtails shielded I/O cable Custom Cabling and Connectivity Refer to the Custom Cabling section of Chapter 2, DAQ System Overview, for more information about custom cabling solutions. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 138: Appendix B Troubleshooting

    Troubleshooting This section contains some common questions about M Series devices. If your questions are not answered here, refer to the National Instruments KnowledgeBase at . It contains thousands of documents that ni.com/kb answer frequently asked questions about NI products.
  • Page 139 1/convert period = convert rate This method allows multiple channels to be sampled relatively quickly in relationship to the overall sample rate, providing a nearly simultaneous effect with a fixed delay between channels. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 140 Chapter 7, Counters, for more information. How do I connect counter signals to my M Series device? Default Counter Terminals section of Chapter 7, Counters, has information on counter signal connections. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 141 Technical Support and Professional Services Visit the following sections of the National Instruments Web site at for technical support and professional services: ni.com • Support—Online technical support resources at ni.com/support include the following: – Self-Help Resources—For answers and solutions, visit the...
  • Page 142 You also can visit the Worldwide Offices section of to access the branch ni.com/niglobal office Web sites, which provide up-to-date contact information, support phone numbers, email addresses, and current events. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 143 – Negative of, or minus. ± Plus or minus. < Less than. > Greater than. ≤ Less than or equal to. ≥ Greater than or equal to. Per. º Degree. Ω Ohm. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 144 (LabVIEW), all data is collected, transferred into system memory, and analyzed for the trigger condition. When analog triggering is implemented in hardware, no data is transferred to system memory until the trigger condition has occurred. Analog output. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 145 Bayonet-Neill-Concelman—A type of coaxial connector used in situations requiring shielded cable for signal connections and/or controlled impedance applications. buffer 1. Temporary storage for acquired or generated data. 2. A memory device that stores intermediate data between two devices. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 146 Common mode rejection is only a relevant specification for systems having a balanced or differential input. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 147 In the instrumentation world, DACs can be used to generate arbitrary waveform shapes, defined by the software algorithm that computes the digital data pattern, which is fed to the DAC. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 148 Plug-in products, PCMCIA cards, and devices such as the DAQPad-1200, which connects to your computer parallel port, are all examples of DAQ devices. SCXI modules are distinct from devices, with the exception of the SCXI-1200, which is a hybrid. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 149 A technique that locates an edge of an analog signal, such as the edge of a square wave. EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory—ROM that can be erased with an electrical signal and reprogrammed. Some SCXI modules contain an EEPROM to store measurement-correction coefficients. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 150 The condition where a common mode voltage exists, or may exist, between earth ground and the instrument or circuit of interest. Neither the high, nor the low side of a circuit is at earth potential. NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 151 1. Hertz—The SI unit for measurement of frequency. One hertz (Hz) equals one cycle per second. 2. The number of scans read or updates written per second. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 152 1. A means for a device to notify another device that an event occurred. request line 2. A computer signal indicating that the CPU should suspend its current task to service a designated activity. Current, output high. Current, output low. See interrupt, interrupt request line. NI 6230 User Manual G-10 ni.com...
  • Page 153 DAQ devices, such as the M Series multifunction I/O (MIO) devices, SCXI signal conditioning modules, and switch modules. Megahertz—A unit of frequency; 1 MHz = 10 Hz = 1,000,000 Hz. –6 micro (µ) The numerical prefix designating 10 © National Instruments Corporation G-11 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 154 National Instruments. NI-DAQ The driver software needed to use National Instruments DAQ devices and SCXI components. Some devices use Traditional NI-DAQ (Legacy); others use NI-DAQmx. NI 6230 User Manual G-12 ni.com...
  • Page 155 (in Hz). Period is designated by the symbol T. periods The number of periods of a signal. Programmable Function Interface. PGIA Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier. physical channel See channel. © National Instruments Corporation G-13 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 156 The time from the rising to the falling slope of a pulse (at 50% amplitude). A rugged, open system for modular instrumentation based on CompactPCI, with special mechanical, electrical, and software features. The PXIbus standard was originally developed by National Instruments in 1997, and is now managed by the PXIbus Systems Alliance. PXI Express PCI Express eXtensions for Instrumentation—The PXI implementation of...
  • Page 157 RTSI Real-Time System Integration. RTSI bus Real-Time System Integration bus—The National Instruments timing bus that connects DAQ devices directly, by means of connectors on top of the devices, for precise synchronization of functions. Seconds. Samples.
  • Page 158 Describes a device that acquires a specified number of samples from one or more channels and returns the data when the acquisition is complete. single-ended input A circuit that responds to the voltage on one input terminal and ground. See also differential input. NI 6230 User Manual G-16 ni.com...
  • Page 159 See terminal count. terminal An object or region on a node through which data passes. terminal count The highest value of a counter. Gate hold time. Gate setup time. Gate pulse width. © National Instruments Corporation G-17 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 160 Universal Serial Bus—A 480 Mbit/s serial bus with up to 12-Mbps bandwidth for connecting computers to keyboards, printers, and other peripheral devices. USB 2.0 retains compatibility with the original USB specification. Volts. Common-mode voltage. Ground loop voltage. Volts, input high. NI 6230 User Manual G-18 ni.com...
  • Page 161 Signal source voltage. virtual channel See channel. waveform 1. The plot of the instantaneous amplitude of a signal as a function of time. 2. Multiple voltage readings taken at a specific sampling rate. © National Instruments Corporation G-19 NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 162 4-27 software, 5-11 ai/HoldCompleteEvent, 4-27 glitches on the output signal, 5-2 ai/PauseTrigger, 4-30 signals, 5-6 ai/ReferenceTrigger, 4-28 timing signals, 5-6 ai/SampleClock, 4-22 trigger signals, 5-4 ai/SampleClockTimebase, 4-24 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 163 4-13 measurement, 7-19 differential for ground-referenced signal sources, 4-14 interface, 11-1 for ground-referenced signal RTSI, 10-3 sources, 4-14 for non-referenced signal sources, 4-16 single-ended considerations, 4-17 single-ended for floating signal sources, 4-18 NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 164 5-2 Counter n Source, 7-25 data transfer methods, 11-3 Counter n TC, 7-29 changing, 11-4 Counter n Up_Down, 7-28 DMA, 11-3 FREQ OUT, 7-29 IRQ, 11-4 Frequency Output, 7-29 programmed I/O, 11-4 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 165 I/O protection, 6-1 equivalent time sampling, 7-24 programmable power-up states, 6-2 examples (NI resources), C-1 triggering, 12-1 exporting timing output signals using PFI digital isolators, 4-2, 5-2 terminals, 8-3 external reference clock, 10-2 source mode, 7-38 NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 166 5-3 Frequency Output signal, 7-29 help, technical support, C-1 generations I/O connector, 3-1 analog output data, 5-2 NI 6230 pinout, A-1 buffered hardware-timed, 5-3 I/O protection, 6-1, 8-6 clock, 10-1 input signals continuous pulse train, 7-22 using PFI terminals as, 8-2...
  • Page 167 7-18 acquisitions, 4-11 two-signal edge-separation, 7-18 generations, 5-3 using quadrature encoders, 7-15 non-cumulative buffered edge counting, 7-4 using two pulse encoders, 7-17 non-referenced signal sources, differential connections, 4-16 NRSE configuration, 4-17 NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 168 6-2, 8-6 retriggerable single pulse generation, 7-21 programmed I/O, 11-4 routing programming devices in software, 2-5 clock, 10-1 programming examples (NI resources), C-1 digital, 10-1 RSE configuration, 4-17 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 169 4-18 AO Sample Clock, 5-9 connections, NRSE configuration, 4-17 AO Sample Clock Timebase, 5-10 connections, RSE configuration, 4-17 AO Start Trigger, 5-6 connecting analog voltage input, 4-12 connecting analog voltage output, 5-5 connecting counter, B-3 NI 6230 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 170 PFI as outputs, 10-5 terminals, 8-3 terminals as timing input signals, 10-6 training, xix using short high-quality cabling, 4-7 training and certification (NI resources), C-1 transducers, 2-3 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6230 User Manual...
  • Page 171 Index voltage connecting analog input signals, 4-12 connecting analog voltage, 5-5 waveform generation signals, 5-6 Web resources, C-1 wiring, field, 4-18 X1 encoding, 7-15 X2 encoding, 7-16 X4 encoding, 7-16 NI 6230 User Manual I-10 ni.com...

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