Diamond Aircraft HK 36 TS Airplane Flight Manual
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Diamond Aircraft HK 36 TS Airplane Flight Manual

Diamond Aircraft HK 36 TS Airplane Flight Manual

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  • Page 2 Introduction PREFACE Congratulations on your choice of the HK 36 TS powered sailplane. Skillful operation of an airplane will ensure your safety and provide you with hours of enjoyment. Therefore, you should take the time to get familiar with your new HK 36 TS.
  • Page 3 Revision No. and the date will be shown on the bottom of the page. If you have purchased a second hand HK 36 TS, please let us know your address so that we can supply you with the publications you need for safe operation of the powered sailplane.
  • Page 4 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Introduction Rev. Aff. Affected Pages Date, Approval Date of Date Signatur Source Approval inserted II through IV 2-4, 2-8, 2-9 [approved by 6 Jun 1997 Ing. Andreas 4-8, 4-10 1997 Winkler for through 4-24...
  • Page 5 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Introduction 0.2 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Section Page No. Date Section Page No. Date Jan 1996 appr. 2-7 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 appr. 2-8 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 appr. 2-9...
  • Page 6 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Introduction Section Page No. Date Section Page No. Date 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 appr. 4-2 29 Mar 2024 appr. 5-2 29 Mar 2024 appr. 4-3 29 Mar 2024 appr. 5-3 29 Mar 2024 appr.
  • Page 7 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Introduction Section Page No. Date Section Page No. Date 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024 29 Mar 2024...
  • Page 8 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Introduction 0.3 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION GENERAL (a non-approved section) ......... . 1 LIMITATIONS (an approved section).

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL General SECTION 1 GENERAL Page No. 1.1 INTRODUCTION........... 1 - 2 1.2 CERTIFICATION BASIS.

  • Page 10: Introduction

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL General 1.1 INTRODUCTION The powered sailplane Flight Manual has been prepared to provide pilots and instructors with information for the safe and efficient operation of the powered sailplane. This manual includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by JAR-22. It also contains supplementary data supplied by the powered sailplane manufacturer.

  • Page 11: Certification Basis

    General 1.2 CERTIFICATION BASIS The HK 36 TS powered sailplane has been approved by Austro Control GmbH (ACG) in accordance with JAR-22 for sailplanes and powered sailplanes including amendments 22/90/1 and 22/91/1 (change 4), and the Type Certificate No. SF 3/82 has been issued.

  • Page 12: Warnings, Cautions And Notes

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL General 1.3 WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES The following definitions apply to warnings, cautions and notes used in the Flight Manual. WARNING Means that the non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to an immediate or important degradation of the flight safety.

  • Page 13: Explanations

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL General 1.4 EXPLANATIONS 1.4.1 ABBREVIATIONS Austro Control GmbH Center of gravity CFRP Carbon fiber reinforced plastic EASA European Aviation Safety Agency GFRP Glass fiber reinforced plastic Outside Air Temperature Indicated Airspeed (read on airspeed indicator without any correction of errors).

  • Page 14: Physical Units

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL General 1.4.2 PHYSICAL UNITS SI units US units conversions length [mm] millimeters [in.] inches [mm] / 25.4 = [in.] meters [ft.] feet [m] / 0.3048 = [ft.] velocity [km/h] kilometers per [kts.] knots [km/h] / 1.852 = [kts.]...

  • Page 15: Descriptive Data

    General 1.5 DESCRIPTIVE DATA The HK 36 TS is a two-seated powered sailplane in fiber-composite structure, designed in compliance with JAR-22; Category of Airworthiness: Utility. It is a low wing airplane with T-tail, side-by-side seating configuration, tail wheel landing gear and Schempp-Hirth type air brakes in the wings' upper surface.

  • Page 16: Three-View Drawings

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL General 1.6 THREE-VIEW DRAWINGS (dimensions in millimeters; conversion to inches see 1.4.2) 1780 Doc. No. Issue Rev. No. Date Source Page No. 3.01.06 Jan 1996 29 Mar 2024 1 - 8...
  • Page 17 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL General Doc. No. Issue Rev. No. Date Source Page No. 3.01.06 Jan 1996 29 Mar 2024 1 - 9...
  • Page 18 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS Page No. INTRODUCTION ..........2-2 AIRSPEED .

  • Page 19: Introduction

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.1 INTRODUCTION Section 2 includes operating limitations, instrument markings, and basic placards necessary for safe operation of the powered sailplane, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment. The limitations included in this section and in Section 9 have been approved by Austro Control GmbH (ACG) or by EASA.

  • Page 20: Airspeed

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.2 AIRSPEED NOTE The airspeeds shown below must be understood as IAS. Airspeed limitations Airspeed limitations and their operational significance are shown below: Airspeed Remark km/h kts. Never exceed Do not exceed this speed in any operation...
  • Page 21 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations WARNING At speeds beyond the rough air speed the airplane may be overstressed by heavy gusts (lee-wave rotors, thunderclouds, whirlwinds and turbulence at close range to mountain ridges). WARNING For reasons of flutter safety, the never exceed speed (V ) is limited at altitudes above 2000 meters (6500 ft.) (see sub-...
  • Page 22 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations Diverse airspeeds Airspeed Remark km/h kts. Best rate of At this airspeed the airplane climbs with the climb speed maximum possible rate of climb. Best angle of This airspeed is not marked on the airspeed climb speed indicator.

  • Page 23: Airspeed Indicator Markings

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.3 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS Airspeed indicator markings and their color-code significance are shown below: Value or Range (IAS) Marking Significance km/h kts. Green arc 86 - 210 46 - 113 53 - 130 Normal Operating Range.

  • Page 24: Power-Plant

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.4 POWER-PLANT Engine Manufacturer : Bombardier Rotax Engine Model : Rotax 912 A3 NOTE The engine drives the propeller through a speed-reducing gear with a gear ratio of 2.273:1. The built-in tachometer indicates the propeller speed.
  • Page 25 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations Minimum oil pressure : 1.5 bar (22 psi) at 1250 RPM Maximum oil pressure : 5 bar (73 psi) Max. oil pressure in case of cold-start (short-term) : 7 bar (102 psi) Oil grade : Automotive lubricants for Otto-engines with SAE ratings compatible with seasonal temperatures (see chart).
  • Page 26 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations Approved Coolant: Coolant Temperature Max. Measurement Temperature If MÄM 36-225 is EVANS NPG+ or Cylinder Head 150 °C installed equivalent Temperature (302 °F) If MÄM 36-450 is ethylene glycol based Coolant 120 °C installed antifreeze concentrate (e.g.

  • Page 27: Power-Plant Instrument Markings

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.5 POWER-PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS Power-plant instrument markings and their color-code signification are shown below: Red Line Green Arc Yellow Arc Red Line Minimum Normal Caution Range Maximum Indicator Limit Operating Range Limit RPM indicator...

  • Page 28: Mass (Weight)

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.6 MASS (WEIGHT) Maximum take-off mass (max. T/O weight) : 770 kg 1698 lbs. Maximum landing mass : 770 kg 1698 lbs. Maximum mass of all non-lifting parts Serial numbers below 36.517 : 590 kg 1301 lbs.

  • Page 29: Center Of Gravity

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.7 CENTER OF GRAVITY The reference datum plane for the center of gravity (CG) specifications is tangent to the leading edge of the wing at the root rib. It is vertical when the fuselage tube lies horizontal.

  • Page 30: Approved Maneuvers

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.8 APPROVED MANEUVERS This powered sailplane is certified in the Utility category. NOTE Aerobatics and spinning are forbidden! 2.9 MANEUVERING LOAD FACTORS Table of maximum permissible load factors: positive 5.30 4.00 negative -2.65 -1.50...

  • Page 31: Flight Crew

    Solo flights must be conducted from the left seat! 2.11 KINDS OF OPERATION The HK 36 TS is certified for DAY-VFR operation. Night VFR operation - if permitted by the competent authority - requires additional equipment in accordance with national regulations.

  • Page 32: Aerotow, Winch And Autotow Launching

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations 2.13 AEROTOW, WINCH AND AUTOTOW LAUNCHING The powered sailplane is designed for self-take-off only. 2.14 OTHER LIMITATIONS Limitations for soaring when using a battery with a capacity of 18 Amp-hours (Ah): The capacity of the lead-accumulator is very much dependent on the temperature.
  • Page 33 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations The following placard is attached to the canopy frame, left side (US registered S/N's only): This airplane must be operated as a utility category airplane in compliance with the operating limitations as stated in the form of placards, markings, and manuals.
  • Page 34 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Limitations The placard is attached to the Cowling next to the Air Inlet: The Cooling Baffle (OÄM 36-359) must be removed at Outside Air Temperatures on ground below 0° C (32° F) Doc. No.
  • Page 35 HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Page No. INTRODUCTION..........3-2 CANOPY JETTISON.

  • Page 36: Introduction

    HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 3.1 INTRODUCTION Section 3 provides checklists and recommended procedures for coping with emergencies that may occur. Since it is impossible to foresee all kinds of emergencies and consider them in the Flight Manual, it is absolutely necessary for the pilot to know the airplane and to have knowledge and experience in solving problems that may occur.

  • Page 37: Stall Recovery

    3.4.1 BEHAVIOR WITH POWER OFF Under all loading conditions, air brakes applied or retracted, wings level flight or banked flight, the HK 36 TS goes through a horizontal stall. The ailerons keep their effectiveness even with maximum elevator deflection. A partial loss of positive control in the stick and pedals, buffeting, and pitch angle of 20° to 30°...

  • Page 38: Spin Recovery

    HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 3.5 SPIN RECOVERY 1. Apply full rudder opposite to spin direction, push stick forward, bring ailerons into the neutral position. 2. After spin movement has stopped, bring rudder to neutral position, pull airplane out smoothly.

  • Page 39: Engine Restart With A Discharged Battery

    HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 3.7.2 ENGINE RESTART WITH A DISCHARGED BATTERY (During Flight) 1. Electrical consumers ... . OFF 2. Fuel valve ....OPEN 3.

  • Page 40: Propeller Stuck In Feathered Position

    HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 3.7.3 PROPELLER STUCK IN FEATHERED POSITION NOTE The propeller requires hydraulic pressure for pitch reduction. The hydraulic pressure is supplied through a pressure accumulator. When this accumulator is empty, the pressure must be built up by the oil pump of the engine.

  • Page 41: Engine Failure During Cruise

    HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 3.7.4 ENGINE FAILURE DURING CRUISE 1. Fuel valve ....check if OPEN 2. Electric fuel pump ....ON 3.

  • Page 42: Carburetor Icing

    HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 3.7.5 CARBURETOR ICING NOTE Carburetor icing can be recognized by a drop in the engine speed and/or irregular running of the engine without a change in the throttle control position, the choke position, the propeller setting, the airspeed, or the altitude.

  • Page 43: Of Propeller Speed Control

    HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 3.9 OTHER EMERGENCIES 3.9.1 MALFUNCTION OR FAILURE OF PROPELLER SPEED CONTROL 1. RPM ......

  • Page 44: Emergency Landing On Water

    HK 36 TS Emergency AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 3.9.4 EMERGENCY LANDING ON WATER Emergency landings on water should be performed only in extreme emergency situations. Due to trials with sailplanes it is assumed that the airplane will submerge immediately after touching the water and then surface again.
  • Page 45 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES Page No. INTRODUCTION..........4-2 RIGGING AND DE-RIGGING 4.2.1 GENERAL .

  • Page 46: Introduction

    HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.1 INTRODUCTION Section 4 provides checklists and amplified procedures for the conduct of normal operation. Normal procedures associated with optional systems can be found in Section 9. 4.2 RIGGING AND DE-RIGGING 4.2.1 GENERAL The wings are connected to the fuselage with three bolts each.

  • Page 47: Wing Installation (Folding Mechanism Not Provided)

    HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.2.2 WING INSTALLATION (WING FOLDING MECHANISM NOT PROVIDED) 1. Clean all bolts and bushes and the B-bolt locking unit and apply a light coat of grease. 2. Lift one wing (two persons at the root rib, one at the wing tip) and insert spar stump into spar tunnel.

  • Page 48: Wing Installation (Folding Mechanism Provided)

    HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.2.3 WING INSTALLATION (WING FOLDING MECHANISM PROVIDED) 1. Clean all bolts, bushes and the B-bolt locking unit and apply a light coat of grease, remove lid over B-bolt handhole. 2. Unhook one wing from its hanging mount, pull it rearward to the stop. A second person should stand between the wing and fuselage and relieve the load on the telescopic tube by lifting the wing at the spar stump.

  • Page 49: Winglet Installation

    HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.2.5 WINGLET INSTALLATION 1. Clean the bolts and bushes if necessary. CAUTION Do not lubricate the threaded bolts! 2. Install winglet with washers and self locking nuts. 3. Tighten self locking nuts with moderate hand force (appr. 6 Nm / 4.5 ft.lbs.) 4.

  • Page 50: Horizontal Stabilizer Installation

    HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.2.7 HORIZONTAL STABILIZER INSTALLATION 1. Clean all bushes and bolts and apply a slight coat of grease. 2. Move the trim knob to full NOSE DOWN position. 3. Remove the Pitot tube.

  • Page 51: Daily Inspection

    HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.3 DAILY INSPECTION WARNING Master switch OFF, ignition OFF! 1. Fuel tank drain check: drain off about 1/8 liter (approx. 1/8 US quart) of fuel using a transparent drain cup (see paragraph 7.10). Inspect for dirt or water.
  • Page 52 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 6. Inspection of tail wheel assembly: - Check for damage. - Ensure correct inflation (3.1 bar / 45 psi). 7. Check right fuselage skin for damage and cracks. 8. Inspection of right wing: - Check wing, aileron and winglet for improper or insecure mounting, excessive play, damage, and cracks.
  • Page 53 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures NOTE Prior to the oil level check, remove the oil tank cap and turn the propeller by hand in the direction of normal rotation to transfer all the oil from the engine crankcase to the oil tank. The process is finished when crankcase air can be heard being forced back to the oil tank.
  • Page 54 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures Inspection of left wing: - Check wing, aileron and winglet for improper or insecure mounting, excessive play, damage, and cracks. - Check aileron control system for improper connection, lack of load transmission, and interference.
  • Page 55 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 16. Check of propeller feathered pitch position: - Rudder pedals ....adjust - Canopy ....locked - Fuel valve .
  • Page 56 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures - Choke ..... push forward as required - Electric fuel pump ... . OFF - At increased idle speed (appr.

  • Page 57: Preflight Inspection

    HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.4 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION The following checklist with the most important items is placed where it is well visible for either pilot: CAUTION The propeller must not be turned more than 360° against the normal direction of rotation.
  • Page 58 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 7. Parking brake ....set 8. Electrical consumers ... . OFF 9.
  • Page 59 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 21. Electrical consumers ... . ON as required 22. Altimeter ..... adjust 23.
  • Page 60 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.5.2 TAKE-OFF AND CLIMB 1. Cowl flap ..... OPEN 2. Electric fuel pump ....ON 3.
  • Page 61 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.5.3 CRUISE (INCLUDING IN-FLIGHT ENGINE STOP/START PROCEDURES) NOTE Economic power settings can be found in paragraph 5.3.7. NOTE During flight below the approach speed of 105 km/h (57 kts. / 65 mph) it is recommended to keep the canopy windows closed and to ventilate the cockpit via the air vents as necessary.
  • Page 62 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures In-flight engine start 1. Electrical consumers ... OFF 2. Master switch ....ON 3.
  • Page 63 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures Sideslips The speed range in which sideslips can be performed depends on the strength of the pilot, because significant rudder control forces are required at higher airspeeds. Usually the upper limit is approximately 150 km/h (81 kts. / 93 mph).
  • Page 64 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.5.5 LANDING Power-on landing 1. Propeller speed control ..TAKE-OFF 2. Electric fuel pump ....ON 3.
  • Page 65 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 11. Wheel brakes ....apply as required (by operating toe brakes or by pulling the air brake lever, depending on brake system) 12.
  • Page 66 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures Power-off landing NOTE If the propeller is feathered, the approach must have enough altitude to ensure the landing field is reached, since starting the engine takes too much time during final approach! 1.
  • Page 67 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.5.7 HIGH ALTITUDE FLIGHT Above 2000 meters (6500 ft.) of altitude following limitations to the never exceed speed V must be observed: Pressure altitude Never exceed speed (v meters feet km/h kts.
  • Page 68 HK 36 TS Normal AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Procedures 4.5.10 ENGINE SHUT-DOWN 1. Propeller speed control ..TAKE-OFF 2. Throttle ..... . IDLE 3.
  • Page 69 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE Page no. INTRODUCTION..........5-2 APPROVED DATA 5.2.1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR SYSTEM CALIBRATION .

  • Page 70: Introduction

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance 5.1 INTRODUCTION Section 5 provides approved data for airspeed calibration, stall speeds and take-off performance and non-approved additional information. The data in the charts has been computed from actual flight tests with the powered sailplane and engine in good condition, wheel fairings installed and using average piloting techniques.

  • Page 71: Airspeed Indicator System Calibration

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance 5.2 APPROVED DATA 5.2.1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR SYSTEM CALIBRATION Doc. No. Issue Rev. No. Date Source Page No. 3.01.06 Jan 1996 29 Mar 2024 5 - 3...

  • Page 72: Stall Speeds

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance 5.2.2 STALL SPEEDS Stall speeds at different bank angles in km/h: Air brakes Bank angle 0° 30° 45° 60° retracted 78 km/h 84 km/h 93 km/h 110 km/h extended 81 km/h 87 km/h...

  • Page 73: Take-Off Performance

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance 5.2.3 TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE Conditions: - Outside air temperature: 15° C (59° F) - Atmospheric pressure: 1013 hPa (1013 mbar) - Calm - Full throttle - Maximum flight mass (max. gross weight) - Propeller setting: TAKE-OFF - Lift-off speed approx.

  • Page 74: Demonstrated Crosswind Performance

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance 5.3 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 5.3.1 DEMONSTRATED CROSSWIND PERFORMANCE Take-off : 30 km/h (16 kts. / 19 mph) Landing : 30 km/h (16 kts. / 19 mph) 5.3.2 GLIDE PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT POLAR Conditions: - maximum flight mass (max. gross weight) Minimum rate of descent : 1.14 m/s (224 ft./min) at 95 km/h (51 kts.
  • Page 75 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance 5.3.3 TAKE-OFF CHARTS Conditions: - Full throttle - Maximum flight mass (max. gross weight) - Propeller setting: TAKE-OFF - Lift-off speed approx. 90 km/h (49 kts. / 56 mph) - Speed during climb approx. 95 km/h (51 kts. / 59 mph)
  • Page 76 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance Head- Pressure altitude above MSL [ft.] / QFE [inHg] wind 0/29.9 1310/28.5 2620/27.2 3940/25.9 comp. [kts.] [°F] [ft.] [ft.] [ft.] [ft.] [ft.] [ft.] [ft.] [ft.] 1099 1217 1004 1109 1230 1368 1115 1237...

  • Page 77: Noise Data

    HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance 5.3.4 NOISE DATA The evaluation of noise emission was carried out according to the Noise Regulations of ICAO, Annex 16. Annex 16, Chapter 10: 61.4 dB(A) Annex 16, Chapter 10, for airplanes registered in EASA member states: 65.0 dB(A)
  • Page 78 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Performance 5.3.7 FUEL CONSUMPTION, CRUISING SPEED, MAXIMUM FLIGHT DURATION, RANGE NOTE The specifications for maximum flight duration and range apply to a full tank and do not include any reserve. The range specifications apply to flight in still air with a well-maintained and correctly adjusted airplane.
  • Page 79 HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance SECTION 6 MASS (WEIGHT) AND BALANCE / EQUIPMENT LIST Page No. INTRODUCTION..........6-2 WEIGHING PROCEDURES .

  • Page 80: Introduction

    Balance 6.1 INTRODUCTION This section describes the range of loading in which the HK 36 TS can be operated safely. Descriptions of the weighing procedure, the computation of the admissible CG range, and a list of the equipment that must be present in the airplane during the weighing process are included in the Airplane Maintenance Manual, Section 4.

  • Page 81: Weighing Procedures

    HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance 6.2 WEIGHING PROCEDURES The weighing procedures are described in the Airplane Maintenance Manual, paragraph 4.2. The purpose of weighing the airplane is to evaluate the empty mass (empty weight) and the corresponding CG lever arm (i.e.

  • Page 82: Basic Empty Mass And Moment

    A list of all non-lifting parts is included in the Airplane Maintenance Manual, paragraph 4.2. NOTE Due to the design of the HK 36 TS, the mass (weight) of all non-lifting parts will not be exceeded unless the maximum flight mass (max.
  • Page 83 HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance 6.6 MASS (WEIGHT) AND BALANCE FORM The Mass and Balance Form on page 6-6 shows the following values: - current empty mass - current empty mass CG position - current maximum useful load including parachute, seat cushions, fuel, and baggage...

  • Page 84: Mass (Weight) And Balance Form

    HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance MASS AND BALANCE FORM Serial No.: ______________ Call sign: ______________ Date of Empty Empty Max. Minimum Seat A.M.E. ‘s Weighing mass mass useful payload with full tank Signature (weight) CG pos.

  • Page 85: Useful Loads

    HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance 6.7 USEFUL LOADS 6.7.1 MAXIMUM USEFUL LOAD The useful load includes the masses (weights) of the crew, baggage, and fuel. The maximum permissible useful load is shown in the Mass and Balance Form, in the Mass and Balance Diagram, and on the placard on the instrument panel.

  • Page 86: Useful Load In Baggage Compartment

    HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance Trim weights If the minimum seat payload exceeds 55 kg, a trim weight fixture must be installed on the center console 400 mm (15.75 in.) behind the firewall. A seat payload deficit should be equalized using the following table.

  • Page 87: Fuel Load

    HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance 6.7.4 FUEL LOAD Fuel capacity The fuel capacity is given in paragraph 2.12. NOTE When refueling, make sure not to exceed the maximum permissible useful load. Lever arm of the fuel tank A lever arm of 727 mm / 28.62 in.
  • Page 88 HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance Use of the diagram The forbidden combinations of seat payload and total mass (weight) of fuel and baggage are represented by the hatching. Beside the diagram there is a scale for the conversion of the fuel quantity in liters or US gallons to the fuel mass (weight) in kilograms or pounds.
  • Page 89 HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance Example C: Pilot: 92 kg / 203 lbs., copilot: 105 kg / 231 lbs. total: 197 kg / 434 lbs. Standard tank In case they do not take any baggage aboard, they may take off with 27 kg / 60 lbs.
  • Page 90 HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance EXAMPLES Doc. No. Issue Rev. No. Date Source Page No. 3.01.06 Jan 1996 29 Mar 2024 6 - 12...
  • Page 91 HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance Doc. No. Issue Rev. No. Date Source Page No. 3.01.06 Jan 1996 29 Mar 2024 6 - 13...

  • Page 92: Equipment List

    HK 36 TS Mass & AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Balance 6.9 EQUIPMENT LIST Minimum equipment (VFR) 1 Altimeter 1 Airspeed indicator 1 Magnetic compass 1 RPM indicator 1 Running time meter 1 Manifold pressure indicator 1 Oil pressure indicator 1 Oil temperature indicator 1 Cylinder head temperature indicator (if MÄM 36-450 is NOT installed)
  • Page 93 HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description SECTION 7 POWERED SAILPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION Page No. INTRODUCTION..........7-2 AIRFRAME 7.2.1 WINGS .

  • Page 94: Introduction

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.1 INTRODUCTION This section provides description and operation of the powered sailplane and its systems. Refer to Section 9, Supplements, for details of optional systems and equipment. 7.2 AIRFRAME 7.2.1 WINGS The GFRP wings are manufactured in half-shell sandwich construction. The ailerons are made of CFRP and are attached to the wing by means of five hinges, also made of CFRP.

  • Page 95: Fuselage

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.2.2 FUSELAGE The GFRP fuselage is manufactured in half-shell sandwich construction. A fire-resistant fabric is sandwiched between a stainless steel barrier and the firewall. The main bulkhead is made of CFRP/GFRP. The instrument panel is made of GFRP. The maximum permissible mass (weight) of the instrument panel including the instruments installed is 17 kg (37.5 lbs.).

  • Page 96: Rudder Pedal Adjust

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.3.3 RUDDER PEDAL ADJUST NOTE The rudder pedals must be adjusted on the ground! The pedals are unlocked by pulling the black T-grip in front of the control stick. Move forward: Push pedals forward with your heels while pulling the grip. Release the grip, let the pedals catch perceptibly.

  • Page 97: Landing Gear System

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.5 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM 7.5.1 GENERAL The landing gear consists of a resilient main landing gear with disk brakes and a tail wheel which is steerable and also resilient. The two 15 inch (19 inch if OÄM 36-369 is installed) wheels of the main undercarriage are fixed to GFRP struts with steel brackets.

  • Page 98: Seats And Safety Harnesses

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description CAUTION Pushing the button in without actuating the wheel brakes leads to an overstress of the operating circuit. Excessive wear may result. 7.6 SEATS AND SAFETY HARNESSES The seat shells are removable in order to permit maintenance and inspection of the control system parts beneath.

  • Page 99: Cockpit

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.8 COCKPIT Doc. No. Issue Rev. No. Date Source Page No. 3.01.06 Jan 1996 29 Mar 2024 7 - 7...
  • Page 100 HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description NOTE If MÄM 36-450 is installed, the item “CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE INDICATOR “ is replaced by “COOLANT TEMPERATURE INDICATOR” Doc. No. Issue Rev. No. Date Source Page No. 3.01.06 Jan 1996 29 Mar 2024...

  • Page 101: Mode Select Switch

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.8.1 MODE SELECT SWITCH If the mode select switch is in SOARING position only the COM equipment is provided with battery power. All other electrical consumers are switched off. 7.8.2 INSTRUMENTS The flight instruments are installed in the left hand section of the instrument panel. The power-plant instruments are installed in the right hand section.

  • Page 102: Power-Plant

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.9 POWER-PLANT 7.9.1 ENGINE Liquid-cooled 4 cylinder four stroke engine Rotax 912 A3. Crankshaft speeds in parentheses. Displacement : 1.211 liters Max. output power (5 min) : 59.6 kW (81 DIN-hp.) at 2550 RPM (5800 RPM) Max.

  • Page 103: Cowl Flap

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description The choke button is installed in the center console under the instrument panel. Choke button pulled = CHOKE ACTIVATED 7.9.3 COWL FLAP For the operation of the manual cowl flap there is a T-grip on the center console next to the cabin heat button.

  • Page 104: Propeller Speed Control

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.9.5 PROPELLER SPEED CONTROL NOTE The propeller speed control works differently from the usual systems in so far as hydraulic pressure is needed to reduce the blade pitch. Small pitch is achieved by applying hydraulic pressure supplied by the governor. A spring moves the propeller to the feathered pitch position.

  • Page 105: Fuel System

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.10 FUEL SYSTEM 7.10.1 GENERAL The aluminum tank is located behind the backrest beneath the baggage compartment. The standard version holds 54 liters (14.3 US gal.), the long range version 77 liters (20.3 US gal.) of usable fuel.

  • Page 106: Electrical System

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.11 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The master switch is a toggle type. The mode select switch is situated to the right of the master switch. CAUTION Starting the engine is only possible if the mode select switch is in POWER FLIGHT position.

  • Page 107: Miscellaneous Equipment

    HK 36 TS Systems AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Description 7.13 MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT For the operation of additional avionics, refer to the manuals of the respective manufacturers. 7.14 PLACARDS / INSCRIPTIONS The limitation placards are presented in paragraph 2.15. A list of all placards and inscriptions is included in the Airplane Maintenance Manual.
  • Page 108 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Handling SECTION 8 POWERED SAILPLANE HANDLING, CARE AND MAINTENANCE Page No. INTRODUCTION........... 8-2 POWERED SAILPLANE INSPECTION PERIODS .
  • Page 109 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Handling 8.1 INTRODUCTION This section contains manufacturer's recommended procedures for proper ground handling and servicing of the powered sailplane. The Airplane Maintenance Manual identifies certain inspection and maintenance requirements which must be followed if the powered sailplane is to retain that new-plane performance and dependability.
  • Page 110 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Handling 8.5 CLEANING AND CARE It is recommendable to remove insects with water and sponge after the day's flying is ended. CAUTION Extreme dirt accumulation deteriorates flight performance! Refer to the Airplane Maintenance Manual, paragraph 1.4, for further care measures.
  • Page 111 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Supplements SECTION 9 SUPPLEMENTS At this time, the following Supplements are available: Supplement No. 1, Rev. 3 Use as Tow-Plane Supplement No. 2 Differential Braking System Supplement No. 3 Electrical Power Outlet for Additional Equipment Supplement No.
  • Page 112 HK 36 TS AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL Supplements Intentionally left blank Doc. No. Issue Rev. No. Date Source Page No. 3.01.06 Jan 1996 29-Mar-2024 9 - 2...

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