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Tables X72 Design Absolute Maximum Ratings ......22 X72 Design Absolute Maximum Ratings ......23 X72 Design Operating Characteristics.
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Conventions Used in This Guide Warnings, Cautions, Recommendations, and Notes Related Documents and Information Where to Find Answers to Product and Document Questions What’s New In This Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
This material consists of a brief description of X72 design supported by block diagrams, description of environmental issues, installation guidelines, required mating connectors, and unit operation.
This appendix describes use of the external communications link Serial Interface Protocol software. Appendix C, Using the X72 This appendix describes the X72 developer’s kit hardware. Developer’s Kit Index Provides references to individual topics within this guide. Conventions Used in This Guide This guide uses the following conventions: Acronyms and Abbreviations –...
Note: All notes use this symbol. Notes contain installation, operation, or maintenance procedures, practices, conditions, or statements, that alert you to important information, which may make your task easier or increase your understanding. X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
Related Documents and Information Related Documents and Information See your Symmetricom representative or sales office for a complete list of available documentation. Note: Symmetricom offers training courses designed to enhance your knowledge of the X72 Rubidium Oscillator. Contact your local representative or sales office for a complete list of courses and outlines.
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What’s New In This Guide X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
Description Chapter 1 Description This section contains a description of the X72 and lists its typical applications. It provides information on dimensions, performance, and connector pinouts. In This Chapter Overview Typical Applications Specifications 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
Figure 1-1 X72 Rubidium Oscillator Drawing on over 30 years of experience, the X72 design has been refined for low cost mass production and can be easily integrated into time, frequency and synchronization systems, requiring only one input supply voltage. It can be mounted directly onto a circuit board as a component of a module used in 0.8 inch wide card...
Typical Applications Typical Applications The elevated operating temperature range of the X72 sets a new high-point for this type of atomic reference. Compared with traditional quartz oscillators, the stability of the X72 allows it to maintain excellent frequency control even when the operating temperature goes above 85°...
Description Typical Applications For simple applications the X72 provides a 5V CMOS-compatible Built-in Self Test (BIST) Service and a LOCK alarm signal derived from the basic physics operation. This lock signal indicates when the output frequency is locked to the atomic resonance of rubidium.
Specifications Figure 1-4 X72 Dimensions and Connector Pin Assignments Caution: To avoid damage to the X72, ensure that power and ground are properly connected. This unit has an internal fuse but has no reverse polarity protection. Note: All pins on the MOLEX connector must be connected.
Description Specifications Table 1-1. X72 Design Absolute Maximum Ratings Signal Name Signal Function Type Number 1 – 7 + Power input +10 to +32 Vdc – all power pins must be connected. SERVICE Output Indicates unit is nearing limits of frequency control and that Service is required within several months.
Description Specifications Table 1-2. X72 Design Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic – 40° C to 85° C Symbol Units Base-plate (Unit in ambient still air – convection) Supply relative to ground 10 to 32 volt unit – 0.25 to 40 Input voltage relative to DIN &...
Description Specifications Table 1-3. X72 Design Operating Characteristics – 40° C to 85° C Characteristic Base-plate Symbol Units (Unit in ambient still air – convection) Digital Inputs/Outputs Supply relative to 10 to 32 volt unit ground High level input voltage...
To be added when available Base plate Temperature (° C) Figure 1-6 Representative X.72 f/f versus Temperature (uncompensated) Note: Refer to the X72 Performance Characteristics document for more detailed information. 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
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Description Specifications X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
In This Chapter Mechanical Considerations Thermal Considerations External Interfaces and Grounding Electrical Interface Frequency Control Analog Modifiable Unit Settings X72 Susceptibility to Input Noise X72 Reliability and Maintenance 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
Mechanical Considerations Mounting Recommendations To mount the X72 to a circuit card or chassis, use the four mounting holes located at the corners of its base plate. An interface cable or adapter card is required to access the X72 outputs and to interface with a host system.
From the various interface points on the Edge Board a system designer can access all inputs and outputs of the X72 and can mount the connectors that are necessary for their application. This provides a variety of connection schemes. The examples included in this document are just a few of the integration methods possible with these edge boards.
15 µF capacitor Pad for coaxial connector for sine output Soldered 2 x 8 pin connector Adapter for connection to PCB Figure 2-4 Standard Edge Board Mounting Example X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
The Anchored Edge Board includes the following: 390 pf capacitor 10 Ω resistor 15 µF capacitor Pad for coaxial connector for sine output Unpopulated 16 pin header strip for customer integration. 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
The 3.25 inch connector (PN 060031-001) is an all-in-one connection option that includes the mating connector to the X72 and a 24-pin header that can be mounted directly on a system board. The flexible cabling allows the header to be installed in various orientations to the unit.
The X72-LPRO Adapter allows these customers to upgrade to the X72 without changing the physical interface in their unit. The Standard Edge Board and the LPRO Compatible Option Board both have sockets to install and solder a 2 x 8 pin connector between the two boards.
If there is air flow over the unit's top cover, the X72's maximum operating base plate temperature increases by 1 or 2° C and its power consumption at a given base plate temperature also increases by a few tens of milliwatts.
Condensation will not cause a problem for environments meeting the X72 specification if the X72 base plate thermal ramp rates are controlled so that they rise at less than 2° C/minute. Excessive Dust Operating the unit in dusty conditions may cause unexpected thermal effects if dust builds up on the top surface.
X72 RF Outputs RF Output Impedance versus Frequency The active rf output impedance for the X72 is a nominal 50 Ω at 10 MHz, but is a widely varying impedance at other frequencies. you must take this into consideration if the X72 rf output is driving a non-buffered filter. Note that the X72 is specified as delivering 0.5 Vrms (typical) into a 50 Ω...
Design Integration Considerations Electrical Interface If the LOCK signal is high, atomic lock has been lost and the X72 goes into sweep mode to reacquire lock. The sweep ranges from approximately –21 ppm to +21 ppm in approximately a 20 second period. During the sweep, outputs are maintained but you should not rely on signal accuracy during sweeping.
J-11, the voltage will self bias to mid-range, or 2.5V. This input can also be turned off via the SSIP to eliminate any source of noise. In some versions of the X72, this function can be turned off by customer request on power up. If it is to be used later it...
Modifiable Unit Settings Modifiable Unit Settings You can modify some features of the X72 operation are modifiable by the customer. Refer to the X72 Developer’s Kit document (DK/106031) for information on how to use the SSIP to use these functions.
If you have an application where the output spectrum phase noise and spur integrity is crucial, the X72 must have a comparatively clean source of dc power (free of spurious current or voltage noise). Connecting fans, heaters, and other switching devices to the dc supply powering the X72 can result in degraded phase noise and spur performance.
X72 Reliability and Maintenance Reliability The X72 is designed with a goal of twenty years of operation without retuning. To accomplish this, the major mechanisms impacting the need for maintenance were addressed. Thus, each X72 has been designed to have excess rubidium fill in the lamp to last for the required period, sufficient pulling range for the voltage controlled crystal oscillator, and sufficient dynamic range of the rubidium control loop.
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Design Integration Considerations X72 Reliability and Maintenance X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
Installation and Operation Chapter 3 Installation and Operation This section provides information on details to consider when installing the X72 and the procedure to follow when turning on the unit. There is an explanation of the start-up sequence, monitoring performance, and theory of operation. It also contains a troubleshooting guide, customer support information, and warranty information.
X72, ensure that the temperature limits are not exceeded. The X72 is sensitive to external dc and ac magnetic fields (refer to specification) and should not be installed in locations subjected to strong magnetic fields from transformers or large power supplies.
Installation and Operation Start-up Sequence Once the X72 is plugged in and is receiving power, wait 3 to 4 minutes while the unit achieves atomic lock. During this period, the monitored LOCK signal should be HIGH. Once the unit achieves atomic lock, the LOCK signal goes LOW.
Installation and Operation Start-up Sequence Figure 3-2 Sequence of Start-up Events Note: The Service signal can be Active High or Active Low depending on the unit configuration. X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
Installation and Operation Theory of Operation Theory of Operation The Model X72 makes use of the atomic resonance property of rubidium ( Rb) to control the frequency of a quartz crystal oscillator via a frequency-locked loop (FLL). The FLL function block is shown in Figure 3-3.
Is the ambient temperature below –40° C or above +85° C (the unit will not startup properly in excessively cold or hot temperatures) Repairs The X72 is not field repairable, but some firmware upgrades can be done in the field, as noted in Start-up Sequence, on page 45.
Repairs X72 Warranty Symmetricom warrants the X72 electronics for one year, and the Rb lamp bulb and resonator cell for 20 years. Symmetricom also warrants that at the time of shipment the X72 will be free from defects in materials furnished and workmanship performed by Symmetricom.
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Installation and Operation Repairs X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
Appendix A X72 J1 Connector and Plug This appendix provides information on the Molex connector and plug, the edge board pinout and layout, and the 3.25 inch interface cable. In This Appendix Molex Connector Molex Connector Plug Assembly Edge Board Pinout 3.25 Inch Interface Cable...
3.25 Inch Interface Cable 3.25 Inch Interface Cable Figure A-4 3.25 Inch Interface Cable Connections 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
Appendix B Symmetricom Serial Interface Protocol This appendix provides information on communicating with the X72 through serial port J1. It includes output examples and a description of commands. In This Appendix Using the Symmetricom Serial Interface Protocol 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
Using the Symmetricom Serial Interface Protocol The Symmetricom Serial Interface Protocol (SSIP) permits external communication with the X72 through the serial port connector J1 when the unit is connected to a host PC. All “developer-mode” commands are a single ASCII letter and require no termination.
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Using the Symmetricom Serial Interface Protocol The following is an example of output from the X72 after power is applied to the unit. X72 by Symmetricom, Inc., Copyright 2001 SDCP Version 3.75 of 3/2001; Loader Version 2 Mode CNN1 Flag 0004 [822F]ok Unit serial code is 0009AB001B-h, current tuning state is 6 Crystal: 60000000hz, ACMOS: 10000000.0hz, Sine: 10000000.0hz...
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Using the Symmetricom Serial Interface Protocol The following print out shows the response to the command for “w” for X72 “Health Data” (wellness): r>w AData: SCont: 6012 SerNum: 18C PwrHrs: 18A PwrTicks: 11A6848 LHHrs: 17E LHTicks: 83DBD0 RHHrs: 17E RHTicks: 83D2E3...
Using the Symmetricom Serial Interface Protocol Factory Mode Data output from the X72 in factory mode is not intended for users outside the factory and is not described in this document beyond Table B-1. Caution: Using factory mode can result in the erasure of firmware on the X72 rendering it inoperable and making it necessary to return the unit to the factory for re-programming.
The serial interface is initialized as follows: Table B-2 defines the X72’s Run Mode Commands. Table B-3 defines the bit functions of the factory mode commands of the X72. Table B-4 defines the administrative mode commands. Table B-5 defines the bit functions and controlling agent of the output control register of the X72.
(enabled) Note: This mode and ADMIN mode allow the loading of new code or updates, or reconfiguring defaults in the field. It is not a normal operating mode. 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
Default is set at Factory per Configuration file Enable Output that matches customer's selection – Host can alter during operation, but host cannot 1 = Disables 1PPS alter the default power up condition. Output X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
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11-15 Reserved – Not Used. * user cannot set Note: When altering the Control Register these bits are masked out by firmware, the Host will consider these bits as "DON'T CARE". 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
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Appendix C Using the X72 Developer’s Kit This appendix provides information on using the Symmetricom Serial Interface protocol (SSIP) and includes signal information for connector J1. It also provides a developer interconnect diagram and an interface options diagram. In This Appendix...
X72 product in various applications and determine how to implement it in the most advantageous manner. The developer’s kit contains a hardcopy of this document, the X72 unit, a 3 foot (0.914 M) interface cable, the adapter board assembly, application notes, and a CD with electronic files documenting the specifications and performance of the unit.
The X72 unit included in the kit is configured at the factory to operate at 10 to 32 Vdc. If the X72 is used without the adapter board a 50 Ω load is required and a 390 pf filter capacitor is recommended to prevent spurs. Additional information on power...
1xE of center frequency. Thirty minutes after applying power to the X72 the rf output frequency will be very close to full accuracy (refer to X72 specifications). Note: The output frequency of the X72 is more accurate than most counters.
VSS (bundled) – Power & signal return 1 PPS IN Input 1 PPS input, positive edge triggered 1 PPS OUT Output 1 PPS output, may be enabled/disabled digitally 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
After 7.5 minutes the accuracy of the X72 oscillator will be at <1xE Aging and temperature coefficient performance of the X72 unit will vary according to the application profile specified by the customer at time of order. Refer to the X72 product specification for information on application profiles and unit performance.
Note: 10 to 32 Vdc is the recommended method of operation. To use the SSIP firmware of the X72, connect the serial port of the interface test board to a host PC com port (this cable is supplied by the customer). Refer to...
Appendix D One Pulse Per Second Source Connection This appendix describes how to connect a one pulse per second (1PPS ) source, such as a commercial GPS receiver, to an X72 to achieve long term accuracy and excellent holdover, or flywheeling performance.
GPS 1PPS system to steer various oscillators (Cesium, Rubidium, and Quartz). These products make it possible to combine the short term with long term stability. Now, with X72, the solution can be even more cost effective. When used with a GPS receiver the X72 provides telecommunications system performance levels that rival levels obtained using Cesium oscillators.
The “j” command displays the difference between the 1PPS input and the 1PPS generated internally by the X72. The “j” command produces a number representing the number of TICS in a delta register. If the X72 has a 60 MHz crystal, each TIC is –8 16.7 ns (1.67 x E...
– Maximum DC undershoot must be limited to –0.5V or 10mA, whichever is easiest to achieve. – Minimum pulse width (or hold time) of 50 ns. X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
– Input impedance is >100K Ω allowing the user to terminate the 1PPS at the input to the X72 with 50 Ω at the X72 input pin or drive the X72 high impedance directly with a low impedance source such as 50 Ω or any ACMOS gate as long as the input voltage level at the X72 pin is met as described above.
Ctl Reg: 0204, Res temp off: BFC53F7D., Lamp temp off: C003B7E9. FC: disabled, Srvc: low r> Note: It is not necessary for the X72 to be locked to enter the 1PPS configuration commands, but it must be locked for actual synchronization to occur. Changing the “y” Coefficients...
1PPS states. The “g” Command The “g” command allows you to change the X72 to operate in any of three modes which affect the output of the Lock Pin (pin 21). Note that this 1PPS mode can be changed by the user but cannot be saved. If power is cycled to the unit it reverts to the factory default.
Rb or Rb/1PPS lock indicator at pin 21 and a Service indicator on pin 8 of the X72 I/O connector. The 1PPS LED firmware uses the same functions for pin 21, but pin 8 is reserved for 1PPS lock indication only. There is no Service pin on the 1PPS LED versions.
Figure D-3 Flywheeling Recover with 1PPS offset < 1µsec In this test the X72 was synchronized to 1PPS before this data set. Antenna is removed at hour 0 and reapplied at approximately hour 12.5. The X72 1PPS output signal had reached an offset of 220 nanoseconds.
Figure D-4 Flywheeling Recover with 1PPS offset > 1µsec In this test, the antenna to the GPS receiver is removed. The X72 is purposely put off frequency long enough to induce a 1PPS error over 1µsec. When the antenna is reapplied, the X72 1PPS recovers by resetting to 1PPS 0 nanoseconds (JamSynch).
X72 qualifies 1 pulse per second inputs by analyzing the time difference between the X72’s 1PPS output and the external 1PPS input. This is referred to as the HoldOver state. The X72 determines whether the 1PPS input is useable by calculating the rate of change in timing measurements that are taken once per second.
X72 1PPS Algorithm Theory of Operation X72 1PPS Algorithm High Level Flow Chart Figure D-5 X72 1PPS Algorithm States X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
During initialization the algorithm sets up variables based on the time constant (TC) and damping factor (DF). The X72 checks for 1PPS input once per second, and if present, it enters the holdover state. Automatic mode is used when the time constant is set to 0.
X72 1PPS Algorithm Theory of Operation Holdover During holdover, 1PPS input statistics are accumulated and periodically the results are calculated (CalcSlope State). The sample size is set to 120 data points (120 seconds). Figure D-7 X72 Holdover State X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
X72 1PPS Algorithm Theory of Operation Calcslope When the frequency difference between the X72 and the 1PPS source is calculated, if the –9 difference is < ±3 x E the state changes from holdover to JamSynch. This state executes every 120 seconds during holdover.
X72 1PPS Algorithm Theory of Operation JamSynch When the X72 1PPS output is compared to the X72 1PPS Input, if the difference is ≥ 1 µsec. the state returns to holdover to collect a second data set When two consecutive slopes are in range, the X72’s 1PPS output is synchronized to its...
X72 1PPS Algorithm Theory of Operation Discipline In the Discipline State, the X72 uses a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) method to steer the 1PPS output of the X72. This method means the X72 average frequency offset is close to zero. You can expect to see some frequency change when recovering from holdover.
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PRFS firmware purpose of this guide voltage-controlled crystal oscillator, VCXO recommendations defined related documentation X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004...
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W—W warnings defined warranty web address w command wireless warm-up cycle 097-10603-01 Rev. A – November 2004 X72 Desiger’s Reference and User’s Guide...
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