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Arcteq AQ-T257 Instruction Manual

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AQ-T257
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Summary of Contents for Arcteq AQ-T257

  • Page 1 AQ-T257 Instruction manual...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    3.2 Configuring user levels and their passwords................. 15 4 Functions unctions ...................................................... 17 4.1 Functions included in AQ-T257.................... 17 4.2 Measurements........................19 4.2.1 Current measurement and scaling in differential applications ........19 4.2.2 Voltage measurement and scaling ................32 4.2.3 Power and energy calculation ..................
  • Page 3 6 Connections and applic 6 Connections and applica a tion examples tion examples..................................434 6.1 Connections of AQ-T257 ....................434 6.2 Application example and its connections................437 6.3 Trip circuit supervision (95) ....................437 7 Construction and installa 7 Construction and installation tion ....................
  • Page 4 8.2.2.2 Setting group selection ................502 8.2.2.3 Object control and monitoring..............503 8.2.2.4 Indicator object monitoring ................. 504 8.2.2.5 Cold load pick-up (CLPU) ................504 8.2.2.6 Switch-on-to-fault (SOTF) ................505 8.2.2.7 Vector jump (Δφ; 78) .................. 505 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 5 8.3 Tests and environmental ....................510 9 Or 9 Ordering inf dering informa ormation tion ..............................................513 10 Contact and r 10 Contact and re e f f er erence inf ence informa ormation tion....................................515 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 6 Nothing contained in this document shall increase the liability or extend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd. The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and/or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not fulfil the aforementioned requirements.

  • Page 7: Document Inf

    - Order codes revised. - Added double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module and Double RJ45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module descriptions Revision 2.02 Date 7.7.2020 Changes - A number of image descriptions improved. Revision 2.03 Date 27.8.2020 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 8 - Tech data updated: overfrequency, underfrequency and rate-of-change-of-frequency. - Improvements to many drawings and formula images. - AQ-T257 Functions included list Added: Volts-per-Hertz, voltage memory, indicator objects, switch-on-to-fault, vector jump protection and fault locator. - Added "32N" ANSI code to directional earth fault protection modes "unearthed" and "petersen coil grounded".
  • Page 9 - Added more descriptions to new IEC 61850 ed2 GOOSE parameters. - Added "Condition monitoring / CB wear" description to object description. - Added "User button" description. - Added logical device and logical node mode descriptions. Revision 2.09 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 10: Version 1 Revision Notes

    1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Date 14.3.2023 - Updated the Arcteq logo on the cover page and refined the manual's visual look. - Added the "Safety information" chapter and changed the notes throughout the document accordingly. - Changed the "IED user interface" chapter's title to "Device user interface" and replaced all 'IED' terms with 'device' or 'unit'.

  • Page 11: Safety Information

    Please note that although these warnings relate to direct damage to personnel and/or equipment, it should be understood that operating damaged equipment may also lead to further, indirect damage to personnel and/or equipment. Therefore, we expect any user to fully comply with these special messages. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 12: Abbreviations

    FTP – File Transfer Protocol GI – General interrogation HMI – Human-machine interface HR – Holding register HV – High voltage HW – Hardware IDMT – Inverse definite minimum time IGBT – Insulated-gate bipolar transistor © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 13 SG – Setting group SOTF – Switch-on-to-fault SW – Software THD – Total harmonic distortion TRMS – True root mean square VT – Voltage transformer VTM – Voltage transformer module VTS – Voltage transformer supervision © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 14: General

    Version: 2.11 2 General The AQ-T257 transformer protection device is a member of the AQ 250 product line. The hardware and software are modular: the hardware modules are assembled and configured according to the application's I/O requirements and the software determines the available functions. This manual describes the specific application of the AQ-T257 transformer protection device.

  • Page 15: Device User Int Vice User Interface Erface

    Home Home and the password activation buttons). 6. Twelve (12) freely configurable function buttons (F1…F12). Each button has a freely configurable LED (red, orange, green). 7. One (1) RJ-45 Ethernet port for device configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 16: Configuring User Levels And Their Passwords

    The different user levels and their star indicators are as follows (also, see the image below for the HMI view): • Super user (***) • Configurator (**) • Operator (*) • User ( - ) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 17 Unlocking and locking a user level generates a time-stamped event to the event log in all AQ 250 series devices. NOTICE! TICE! Any user level with a password automatically locks itself after half an hour (30 minutes) of inactivity. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 18: Functions Unctions

    Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4 Functions 4.1 Functions included in AQ-T257 The AQ-T257 transformer protection device includes the following functions as well as the number of stages in those functions. Table. 4.1 - 3. Protection functions of AQ-T257. Name ANSI Description I>...
  • Page 19 PGS (1) PGx>/< Programmable stage 50Arc/ ARC (1) IArc>/I0Arc> Arc fault protection (optional) 50NArc Table. 4.1 - 4. Control functions of AQ-T257. Name ANSI Description Setting group selection Object control and monitoring (10 objects available) Indicator object monitoring (10 indicators available)

  • Page 20: Measurements

    SOTF Switch-on-to-fault Δφ Vector jump ΔV/Δa/Δf Synchrocheck Automatic voltage regulator (onl only y included in Function package B!) Table. 4.1 - 5. Monitoring functions of AQ-T257. Name ANSI Description CTS (2) Current transformer supervision Voltage transformer supervision Disturbance recorder 21FL...
  • Page 21 For the measurements to be correct the user needs to ensure that the measurement signals are connected to the correct inputs, that the current direction is connected correctly, and that the scaling is set correctly. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 22 CT ratings and the transformer nominal current. Note that S1 is always connected to an odd connector regardless of the CT direction. The CT direction is selected in the settings of the transformer differential protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 23 TrafoModule → Idx> [87T,87N] → Settings ). This way the direction of the measured currents are checked correctly from the device's perspective. The following table presents the initial data of the connection as well as the ratings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 24 As seen in the image above, device calculates both the HV side nominal current (669.2 A) and the LV side nominal current (5,888.97 A). The nominal current calculations are done according to the following formulas: The HV and LV side nominal current can also be calculated in per unit values as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 25 CT ratings and the transformer nominal current. Note that S1 is always connected to an odd connector regardless of the CT direction. The CT direction is selected in the settings of the transformer differential protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 26 [87T,87N] → Settings ). The difference with the first application is that here the CTs point towards the protected object instead of pointing through it. The following table presents the initial data of the connection as well as the ratings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 27 CTs are checked. In Application 2 it is necessary to inject higher amplitudes to the CTs via the secondary injection tool in order to reach the nominal currents. See the example calculation below: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 28 CT scaling factor P/S between the primary current and the secondary current. A feedback value; the calculated CT scaling factor scaling factor that is the ratio between the set primary current and the set nominal current. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 29 The following measurements are available in the measured current channels. Table. 4.2.1 - 11. Per-unit phase current measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Phase current 0.000…1 The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from each of the × In 0.001 250.000 phase current channels. ("Pha.curr.ILx") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 30 The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from the residual current I0x × In 0.001 250.000 current channel I01 or I02. ("Res.curr.I0x") 0.000…1 The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated Calculated I0 × In 0.001 250.000 I0 current channel. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 31 Unit Range Step Description Residual current angle I0x The residual current angle measurement from the I01 or 0.000…360.000 0.001 ("Res.curr.angle I02 current input. I0x") Calculated I0 angle 0.000…360.000 0.001 The calculated residual current angle measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 32 Secondary negative sequence current The secondary measurement from the calculated 0.000…300.000 0.001 ("Sec.Negative negative sequence current. sequence curr.") Secondary zero sequence current The secondary measurement from the calculated 0.000…300.000 0.001 ("Sec.Zero sequence zero sequence current. curr.") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 33: Voltage Measurement And Scaling

    The voltage measurements are updated every 5 milliseconds. The measured values are processed into the measurement database and they are used by measurement and protection functions. It is essential to understand the concept of voltage measurements to be able to get correct measurements. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 34 VT ratings. In the figure below, three line-to-neutral voltages are connected along with the zero sequence voltage; therefore, the 3LN+U4 mode must be selected and the U4 channel must be set as U0. Other possible connections are presented later in this chapter. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 35 • 2LL+U3+U4 (two line-to-line voltages and the U3 and the U4 channels can be used for synchrochecking, zero sequence voltage, or for both) The 3LN+U0 is the most common voltage measurement mode. See below for example connections of voltage line-to-line measurement (3LL on the left, 2LL on the right). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 36 In the image below is an example of 2LL+U0+SS, that is, two line-to-line measurements with the zero sequence voltage and voltage from side 2 for Synchrocheck. Since U0 is available, line-to-neutral voltages can be calculated. Figure. 4.2.2 - 12. 2LL+U0+SS settings and connections. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 37 The measured voltage amplitude does not match one of the measured phases./ Check the wiring connections between the injection device or the VTs and the device. The calculated U0 is measured even though it should not. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 38 Measured • Neutral Example with scaling 20000/100 for Uo and injection 10V delta from point secondary: • Open delta • Broken delta: 1155V (10%) • Neutral point: 2000 V (17.34%) • Open delta: 667V (5.78%) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 39 The selection of the third voltage measurement channel's (U3) polarity (direction). The default setting is for the U3 Polarity positive voltage to flow from connector 5 to connector 6, with the secondary voltage's starpoint pointing towards the line. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 40 0.01xU p.u.) from each of the voltage channels. p.u.") Voltage Ux TRMS The TRMS voltage (inc. harmonics up to 31 ) measurement (in 0.00…500.00xU 0.01xU ("UxVolt p.u.) from each of the voltage channels. TRMS p.u.") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 41 Primary negative 0.00…1 000 The primary measurement from the calculated negative sequence voltage 0.01V 000.00V sequence voltage. ("Neg.seq.Volt.pri") Primary zero sequence 0.00…1 000 The primary measurement from the calculated zero voltage 0.01V 000.00V sequence voltage. ("Zero.seq.Volt.pri") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 42 System voltage magnitude 0.00…1 The primary line-to-line UL31 voltage fundamental frequency component UL31 0.01V (measured or calculated). You can also select the row where the unit for this is ("System 000.00V volt UL31 mag") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 43 U4 mag") Table. 4.2.2 - 35. Primary system voltage angles. Name Range Step Description System voltage angle UL12 0.00…360.00° 0.01° The primary line-to-line angle UL12 (measured or calculated). ("System volt UL12 ang") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 44 System voltage The primary measured Synchrocheck angle SS. This magnitude is angle U4 0.00…360.00° 0.01° displayed only when the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected and both U3 and ("System U4 are in use. volt U4 ang") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 45 1. All used line-to-line or line-to-neutral voltages need to be below the set value for the "VMEM activation voltage" parameter. 2. At least one phase current must be above the set value for the "Measured current condition 3I>" parameter. This setting limit is optional. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 46 Figure. 4.2.2 - 16. Voltage angle drift. The blocking signal for voltage memory can be found among other stage-related settings in the tab VT Module (3U/4U) 1 . The blocking signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 47 Voltage low detected OFF M1VT1 Current high detected ON M1VT1 Current high detected OFF M1VT1 Frequency tracked from CT ON M1VT1 Frequency tracked from CT OFF M1VT1 Using Voltage memory ON M1VT1 Using Voltage memory OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 48: Power And Energy Calculation

    (with U0 connected and measured): Figure. 4.2.3 - 17. Three-phase power (S) calculation. Figure. 4.2.3 - 18. Three-phase active power (P) calculation. In these equations, phi (φ) is the angle difference between voltage and current. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 49 Power factor calculation is done similarly to the Cosine phi calculation but the polarity is defined by the reactive power direction. Therefore, the power factor is calculated with the following formula: Only line y line-t -to-line v o-line volta oltages a ges av v ailable ailable © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 50 Inverts the direction of imported and exported • Not inverted exp energy energy without affecting the direction of power • Inverted inverted directions calculation. Nominal Defines the nominal power of the protected 0.10...500000.00kVA 0.01kVA 100kVA power kVA object. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 51 Displays the mode of DOS block. Energy • Blocked does This parameter is visible only • Test counter LN when Allow setting of individual LN • Test/Blocked behaviour mode is enabled in General menu. • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 52 The total three-phase reactive power in kilovars -1x10 …1x10 kVar 3PH Apparent power (S The total three-phase apparent power in 0.01MVA -1x10 …1x10 MVA) megawatts 3PH Active power (P 0.01MW The total three-phase active power in mewatts -1x10 …1x10 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 53 (P) (kVarh or MVarh) capacitive energy while active power is exported. Exported (Q) while Import (P) The total amount of exported reactive energy while 0.01 -1x10 …1x10 (kVarh or MVarh) active energy is imported. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 54 The voltage scaling is set to 20 000 : 100 V and the current scaling is set to 1000 : 5 A. Voltages (line-to-neutral): Currents: = 40.825 V, 45.00° = 2.5 A, 0.00° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 55 L2 Cos 0.77 L3 Cos L3 Cos 0.99 3PH Cos H Cos 0.87 Voltages (line-to-line): Currents: = 100.00 V, 30.00° = 2.5 A, 0.00° = 100.00 V, -90.00° = 2.5 A, -120.00° = 2.5 A, 120.00° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 56: Frequency Tracking And Scaling

    The benefit of frequency tracking is that the measurements are within a pre-defined accuracy range even when the fundamental frequency of the power system changes. Frequency independent current and voltage measurement accuracy is achieved with algorithms specified in patent US 10,809,287. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 57 FFT calculation always has a whole power cycle in the buffer. The measurement accuracy is further improved by Arcteq's patented calibration algorithms that calibrate the analog channels against eight (8) system frequency points for both magnitude and angle.
  • Page 58 • References 2 & 3 trackable • All references trackable • No track ch Frequency • Ref1 Indicates which reference is used at the moment measurement • Ref2 for frequency tracking. in use • Ref3 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 59 • Track Ref 2 • Track Ref 3 • Fast Ref 1 • Fast Ref 2 • Fast Ref 3 SS1.meas.frqs Displays frequency used by "system set" channel 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - 1 and 2. SS2.meas.frqs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 60: General Menu

    Prohibited From HMI/setting tool only: Can only be changed from the mode only setting tool or HMI • Allowed Allowed: Can be changed from the setting tool, HMI, and IEC 61850 client. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 61 • Activated colors blink each color. • - HMI restart When activated, display restarts. • Restart Display color • Light theme Light theme Defines the color theme used in the HMI. theme • Dark theme © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 62: Protection Functions

    The function is used for one-phase, two-phase or three-phase overcurrent and short circuit protection. The function offers four (4) independent stages. The operating decisions are based on phase current magnitude, constantly measured by the function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 63 Table. 4.4.1 - 51. General settings of the function. Name Range Default Description Setting control • Disabled Activating this parameter allows changing the pick-up level of • Disabled from comm bus • Allowed the protection stage via SCADA. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 64 Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. Table. 4.4.1 - 52. Pick-up settings. Name Description Range Step Default 0.10…50.00×I 0.01×I 1.20×I Pick-up setting © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 65 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 66 The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 67 START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. Table. 4.4.1 - 56. Register content. Name Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name Fault type L1-E…L1-L2-L3 Pre-trigger current Start/Trip -20ms current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 68: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    Peak-to-peak measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5 ms Fundamental frequency component of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse sensitive current measurement input I02 5 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 69 (in single, dual or all phases) it triggers the pick-up operation of the function. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 70 0.005 remaining 0.000...1800.000 s towards a trip, this displays how much time is left before tripping to trip occurs. meas at the 0.00...1250.00 0.01 The ratio between the measured current and the pick-up value. moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 71 The function offers four (4) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation. Table. 4.4.2 - 62. Event messages. Event block name Event names NEF1...NEF4 Start ON NEF1...NEF4 Start OFF NEF1...NEF4 Trip ON NEF1...NEF4 Trip OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 72: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    A device with both voltage and current protection modules can have four (4) available stages of the function (Idir>, Idir>>, Idir>>>, Idir>>>>). The operating decisions are based on phase current magnitudes which the function constantly measures. Figure. 4.4.3 - 23. Simplified function block diagram of the Idir> function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 73 • On • Blocked Set mode of DOC block. Idir> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode • Test/ mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 74 Operating sector ±1.0…170.0° 0.1° ±88° Pick-up area size in degrees. size (+ / -) Operating sector -180.0…180.0° 0.1° 0° Turns the operating sector center Pick-up setting I 0.10…40.00×I 0.01×I 1.20×I Pick-up setting © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 75 In a short- circuit the angle comes from impedance calculation. Figure. 4.4.3 - 25. Operation sector area when the sector center has been set to -45 degrees. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 76 Time When the function has detected a fault and counts down time remaining -1800.000...1800.00s 0.005s towards a trip, this displays how much time is left before to trip tripping occurs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 77 START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The function offers four (4) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation. Table. 4.4.3 - 69. Event messages. Event block name Event names DOC1...DOC4 Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 78: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)

    A device with both voltage and current protection modules can have four (4) stages in the function (I0dir>, I0dir>>, I0dir>>>, I0dir>>>>). The operating decisions are based on selected neutral current and voltage magnitudes which the function constantly measures. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 79 Fundamental frequency component of residual current calculated from the three phase 0Calc currents Fundamental frequency component of zero sequence voltage measurement input U0 Fundamental frequency component of of the zero sequence voltage calculated from the 0Calc three phase voltages © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 80 ). The reset ratio of 97 % is built into the function and is always relative to the (or U0 ) value. When the I exceeds the I0 value it triggers the pick-up operation of the function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 81 & I0 broad range mode. Angle ±45.0…135.0° 0.1° ±88° Tripping area size (earthed network) Angle offset 0.0…360.0° 0.1° 0.0° Protection area direction (earthed network) Angle blinder -90.0…0.0° 0.1° -90° I0 angle blinder (Petersen coil earthed) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 82 Each outgoing feeder produces capacitance according to the zero sequence capacitive reactance of the line (ohms per kilometer). It is normal that in cable networks fault currents are higher than in overhead lines. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 83 In emergency situations a line with an earth fault can be used for a specific time. Figure. 4.4.4 - 29. Angle tracking of I0dir> function (Petersen coil earthed network model). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 84 This resistance includes the amplitude of the fault current. In undercompensated or overcompensated situations the resistive component does not change during the fault; therefore, selective tripping is ensured even when the network is slightly undercompensated or overcompensated. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 85 Directly earthed or small impedance network schemes are normal in transmission, distribution and industry. The phase angle setting of the tripping area is adjustable as is the base direction of the area (angle offset). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 86 Finally, in a compensated network protection relays with traditional algorithms may sporadically detect an earth fault in a long healthy feeder due to CT errors. For all these reasons, Arcteq has developed an improved alternative to these traditional directional earth fault protections.
  • Page 87 No extra parameterization is required compared to the traditional method. The multi- criteria algorithm can be tested with COMTRADE files supplied by Arcteq. The function requires a connection of three-phase currents, residual current and residual voltage to operate correctly.
  • Page 88 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 89 Event block name Event name DEF1...DEF4 Start ON DEF1...DEF4 Start OFF DEF1...DEF4 Trip ON DEF1...DEF4 Trip OFF DEF1...DEF4 Block ON DEF1...DEF4 Block OFF DEF1...DEF4 I0Cosfi Start ON DEF1...DEF4 I0Cosfi Start OFF DEF1...DEF4 I0Sinfi Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 90: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)

    The operating decisions are based on negative and positive sequence current magnitudes which the function constantly measures. In the broken conductor mode (I2/I1) the minimum allowed loading current is also monitored in the phase current magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 91 Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current measurement 5 ms General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 92 The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 93 Unique to the current unbalance protection is the availability of the “Curve2” delay which follows the formula below: • t = Operating time • I = Calculated negative sequence 2meas • k = Constant k value (user settable delay multiplier) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 94 The function offers four (4) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation. Table. 4.4.5 - 82. Event messages. Event block name Event names CUB1...CUB4 Start ON CUB1...CUB4 Start OFF CUB1...CUB4 Trip ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 95: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)

    The number of stages in the function depends on the device model. The function constantly measures the selected harmonic component of the selected measurement channels, the value being either absolute value or relative to the RMS value. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 96 The magnitudes (RMS) of phase L1 (A) current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic - 17 harmonic - 19 harmonic. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 97 The magnitudes (RMS) of residual I0 current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic - 17 harmonic - 19 harmonic. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 98 General menu. • Blocked Ih> • Side 1 Defines which current measurement module is used by the function. measurement Side 1 • Side 2 Visible if the unit has more than one current measurement module. side © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 99 Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. Table. 4.4.6 - 86. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description Pick-up setting 0.05…2.00×I 0.01×I 0.20×I (per unit monitoring) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 100 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 101 Event Event name Fault type L1-G…L1-L2-L3 Pre-trigger current Start/Trip -20ms current Fault current Start/Trip current Pre-fault current Start -200ms current Trip time remaining 0 ms...1800s Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 102: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of residual input I measurement © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 103 (in single, dual or all phases) it triggers the pick-up operation of the function. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 104 The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 105 RETRIP signal is activated. delay CBFP starts the timer. This setting defines how long the CBFP 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.200s starting condition has to last before the CBFP signal is activated. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 106 The retrip is wired from its own device output contact in parallel with the circuit breaker's redundant trip coil. The CBFP signal is normally wired from its device output contact to the incoming feeder circuit breaker. Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 107 CBFP signal to the incoming feeder breaker. If the primary protection function clears the fault, both counters (RETRIP and CBFP) are reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 108 (RETRIP and CBFP) are reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings or the tripping signal is reset. This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled with current- based functions alone, and other function trips can be excluded from the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 109 This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled with current-based functions alone, with added security from current monitoring. Other function trips can also be included in the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 110 Probably the most common application is when the device's trip output controls the circuit breaker trip coil, while one dedicated CBFP contact controls the CBFP function. Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications and settings of the CBFP function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 111 CBFP signal is sent to the incoming feeder circuit breaker. If the primary protection function clears the fault, the counter for CBFP resets as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 112 This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled by current-based functions alone, and other function trips can be excluded from the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 113 This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled by current-based functions alone, with added security from current monitoring. Other function trips can also be included to the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 114 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Device configuration as a dedicated CBFP unit Figure. 4.4.7 - 45. Wiring diagram when the device is configured as a dedicated CBFP unit. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 115 The function's outputs can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counters for RETRIP, CBFP, CBFP START and BLOCKED events. Table. 4.4.7 - 97. Event messages. Event block name Event names CBF1 Start ON CBF1 Start OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 116: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)

    The overvoltage function is used for instant and time-delayed overvoltage protection. Devices with a voltage protection module has four (4) available stages of the function (U>, U>>, U>>>, U>>>>). The function constantly measures phase voltage magnitudes or line-to-line magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 117 • U3 Measured Selection of phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth voltages. Additionally, the input magnitude voltages U3 or U4 input can be assigned as the voltage channel to be supervised. (2LL- U3SS) • U4 input (SS) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 118 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.8 - 48. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN+U4 VT connection. Figure. 4.4.8 - 49. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 119 (in single, dual or all voltages) it triggers the pick-up operation of the function. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 120 C(A) The ratio between U or U voltage and the pick-up meas 0.00...1250.00U 0.01U value. at the moment meas The ratio between the measured voltage and the pick-up 0.00...1250.00U 0.01U at the value. moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 121 Table. 4.4.8 - 104. Setting parameters for operating time characteristics. Name Range Step Default Description Selection of the delay type time counter. The selection Delay • DT possibilities are dependent (IDMT, Inverse Definite Minimum type • IDMT Time) and independent (DT, Definite Time) characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 122 START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The function offers four (4) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation. Table. 4.4.8 - 106. Event messages. Event block name Event names OV1...OV4 Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 123: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)

    (4) available stages of the function (U>, U>>, U>>>, U>>>>). The function constantly measures phase voltage magnitudes or line-to-line voltage magnitudes. Undervoltage protection has two blocking stages: internal blocking (based on voltage measurement and low voltage), or external blocking (e.g. during voltage transformer fuse failure). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 124 Measured Selection of P-P or P-E voltages. Additionally, the U3 or U4 input can • U3 input magnitude voltages be assigned as the voltage channel to be supervised. (2LL- U3SS) • U4 input (SS) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 125 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.9 - 52. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN+U4 VT connection. Figure. 4.4.9 - 53. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 126 (in single, dual or all voltages) it triggers the pick-up operation of the function. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 127 LN mode is enabled in General menu. • Off The primary voltage required for tripping. The displayed U< pick- 0.0...1 000 000.0V 0.1V pick-up voltage level depends on the pick-up setting and up setting the voltage transformer settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 128 There are three basic operating modes available for the function: • Instant operation: gives the TRIP signal with no additional time delay simultaneously with the START signal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 129 Delayed Resetting characteristics selection, either time-delayed or • No pick-up instant after the pick-up element is released. If activated, the • Yes release START signal is reset after a set release time delay. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 130 The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. Table. 4.4.9 - 116. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 131: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to zero sequence voltage calculation). Below are some examples of zero sequence calculation. Figure. 4.4.10 - 56. Normal situation. Figure. 4.4.10 - 57. Earth fault in isolated network. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 132 Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of U0/V voltage measurement Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 133 The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 134 • Definite time operation (DT): gives the TRIP signal after a user-defined time delay regardless of the measured or calculated voltage as long as the voltage is above the U value and thus the pick- up element is active (independent time characteristics). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 135 Delayed Resetting characteristics selection either as time-delayed or • No pick-up as instant after the pick-up element is released. If activated, • Yes release the START signal is reset after a set release time delay. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 136 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers; this information is available for all provided instances separately. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 137: Sequence Voltage Protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59Pn)

    Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to positive sequence voltage calculation). In what follows are three examples of positive sequence calculation (positive sequence component vector). Figure. 4.4.11 - 60. Normal situation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 138 Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to negative sequence voltage calculation). In what follows are three examples of negative sequence calculation (negative sequence component vector). Figure. 4.4.11 - 63. Normal situation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 139 Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.11 - 64. Earth fault in isolated network. Figure. 4.4.11 - 65. Close-distance short-circuit between phases 1 and 3. Figure. 4.4.11 - 66. Simplified function block diagram of the U1/U2>/< function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 140 Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 141 Displays the mode of VUB block. U1/2 • Blocked >/< LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of behaviour • Test/Blocked individual LN mode is enabled in General menu. • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 142 • Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT): gives the TRIP signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick-up voltage U and the measured voltage U (dependent time characteristics). The IDMT function follows one of the following formulas: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 143 The user can reset characteristics through the application. The default setting is a 60 ms delay; the time calculation is held during the release time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 144 Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name Pre-trigger voltage Start/Trip -20ms voltage Fault voltage Start/Trip voltage Pre-fault voltage Start -200ms voltage Trip time remaining 0 ms...1800s Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 145: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)

    ( Protection → Stage activation → Frequency stages ), the user can activate and deactivate the individual stages at will ( Protection → Frequency → Frequency protection f >/< → INFO → Stage operational setup ). Figure. 4.4.12 - 68. Simplified function block diagram of the f> function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 146 • On • Blocked Set mode of FRQV block. f</> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode • Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 147 Pick-up setting f< Block setting. If set to zero, blocking is not in undervoltage 0.00...120.00%Un 0.01%Un 0.00%Un use. When the measured voltage drops below the block set value, the operation of the functions is blocked. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 148 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 149: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)

    (i.e. becomes an islanded network). A generator that is not disconnected from the network can cause safety hazards. A generator can also be automatically reconnected to the network, which can cause damage to the generator and the network. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 150 ( Protection → Stage activation → Frequency stages ), the user can activate and deactivate the individual stages at will ( Protection → Frequency → Frequency protection f >/< → INFO → Stage operational setup ). Figure. 4.4.13 - 71. Simplified function block diagram of the df/dt>/< function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 151 The f>/< limit value is used to block the funtion from operating near the nominal frequency. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 152 LN mode is enabled in General menu. • Off 0.001Hz/ Measured df/dt 0.000...20.000Hz/s Rate-of-change-of-frequency at the moment. • Normal df/dt >/< • Start Displays the status of the protection function. (1...8) condition • Trip • Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 153 (1...8) Trip OFF DFT1 df/dt>/< (1...8) Blocked ON DFT1 df/dt>/< (1...8) Blocked OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 154: Power Protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32)

    The power protection function is for instant and time-delayed, three-phase overpower or underpower protection (active, reactive, or apparent). The user can select the operating mode with parameter settings. Figure. 4.4.14 - 72. PQ diagram of the pick-up areas in various modes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 155 Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 156 The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 157 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 158 Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name Pre-trigger power Start/Trip -20ms power Fault power Start/Trip power Pre-fault power Start -200ms power Trip time remaining 0 ms...1800s Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 159: Underexcitation Protection (X<; 40)

    Pos.seq. impedance calculated from three phases 5 ms General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 160 The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 161 ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp. The function's outputs can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 162: Volts-Per-Hertz Overexcitation Protection (V/Hz>; 24)

    The most common situation for overexcitation is when a machine is off-line prior to synchronization. The figure below shows how the pick-up settings and the measured frequency affect the pick-up level of the volts-per-hertz protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 163 The function block uses fundamental frequency component of phase-to-phase voltage measurements. Frequency measurement values is used for determining the overvoltage pick-up level. Please refer to "Frequency tracking and scaling" chapter for a detailed description of frequency tracking. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 164 Pick-up V/Hz (% of nominal) value. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 165 V/Hz ratio is exceeded. operating time 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.040s This setting is only visible, when the selected delay delay type is "DT" or "DT and inverse". Inverse operating time characteristics are calculated according to the following equation: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 166 Figure. 4.4.16 - 77. Inverse (above) and inverse and DT (below) time characteristics with the TimeDial k setting effect. Figure. 4.4.16 - 78. Inverse (above) and inverse and DT (below) time characteristics with the inverse constant setting effect. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 167 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 168 Start/Trip -20ms frequency Voltages (AB/BC/AC) fault Start/Trip voltages Frequency fault Start/Trip frequency Voltages (AB/BC/AC) pre-fault Start -200ms voltages Frequency pre-fault Start -200ms frequency Trip time remaining 0 ms...1800 s Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 169: Underimpedance Protection (Z<; 21U)

    The function block uses phase currents and phase-to-phase or phase-to-neutral voltage measurement values. These values are used for calculating impedance. Table. 4.4.17 - 162. Measurement inputs of the Z< function. Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 170 The reset ratio of 103 % is built into the function and is always relative to the current pick-up value. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 171 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 172 Event Event name Fault type A-E...A-B-C Pre-trigger impedance Start/Trip -20ms impedance Fault impedance Start/Trip impedance Pre-fault impedance Start -200ms impedance Trip time remaining 0 ms...1800s Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 173: Pole Slip Protection (78)

    Fundamental frequency component of voltage channel U General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 174 How many slips need to be detected for the 1...5 slips 1 slips limit to trip slips function to trip. Reset slip detection 0.000...1800.000 0.005 1.000 Maximum time between slips before the function after last detected slip resets the slip counter to zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 175 • Start Pole slip condition Displays status of the protection function. • Trip • Blocked • Ok • Incorrect Configuration VT set Displays the status of settings currently in use. status • Incorrect char. Set © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 176 Table. 4.4.18 - 173. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name In blinder time Duration of reactance being between the blinders. Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 177: Transformer Status Monitoring

    Figure. 4.4.19 - 83. Simplified function block diagram of the transformer status monitoring function. The function's outputs are dependent on the set transformer data because the measured currents (in p.u.) are related to the transformer nominal values. The following diagram presents the function's outputs in various situations. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 178 • On • Blocked Set mode of MST block. TRF LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of mode • Test/ individual LN mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 179 LV side. voltage Transformer The transformer's short-circuit impedance in 0.01…25.00% 0.01% 3.00% percentages. Used for calculating short-circuit current. Transformer The transformer's nominal frequency. Used for calculating 10…75Hz 50Hz nom. freq. the transformer's nominal short-circuit inductance. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 180 HV side. E.g. if the transformer is Dy1, this is set to 30 0.0...360.00deg 0.1deg 0.0deg phase angle degrees. The selection is visible only if the option "Manual set" is selected for the vector group setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 181 LV poles of the transformer. Shows how the calculated maximum three-phase LV side 3ph 0.001…500.000kA 0.001kA 0.000kA short-circuit current in the LV side is seen in the HV SC to HV side side. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 182 TRF1 Light/No load OFF TRF1 HV side inrush ON TRF1 HV side inrush OFF TRF1 LV side inrush ON TRF1 LV side inrush OFF TRF1 Load normal ON TRF1 Load normal OFF TRF1 Overloading ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 183 Control → Setting groups . When the forcing parameter is enabled, the automatic control of the local device is overridden and the full control of the setting groups is given to the user until the "Force SG change" is disabled again. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 184 Force setting • Disabled Disabled changed remotely or from a local HMI. This parameter overrides the group change • Enabled local control of the setting groups and it remains on until the user disables it. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 185 The setting group selection function block (abbreviated "SGS2" in event block names) generates events from its controlling status, its applied input signals, enabling and disabling of setting groups, as well as unsuccessful control changes. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 186: Transformer Thermal Overload Protection (Tt>; 49T)

    "memory" uses; it is an integral function which tells this function apart from a normal overcurrent function and its operating principle for overload protection applications. The thermal image for the function is calculated according to the equation described below: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 187 100 % indefinitely but never exceeds it. With a single time constant model the cooling of the object follows this same behavior, the reverse of the heating when the current feeding is zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 188 The ambient temperature compensation takes into account the set minimum and maximum temperatures and the load capacity of the protected object as well as the measured or set ambient temperature. The calculated coefficient is a linear correction factor, as the following formula shows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 189 Figure. 4.4.20 - 87. Ambient temperature coefficient calculation (a three-point linear approximation and a settable correction curve). Function inputs and outputs The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the transformer thermal overload protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 190 • Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked • Off TT> • Disabled The selection of the function is activated or disabled in the configuration. Disabled mode • Activated By default it is not in use. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 191 The manual fixed ambient temperature setting for the Man. thermal image biasing. Underground cables usually use 15 amb. 0…500deg 1deg 15deg °C. This setting is visible if "Manual set" is selected for the temp. set "Ambient temp. sel." setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 192 3…10 the maximum set temperature reference, the used temperature coefficient is the first or last value in the set curve. This setting is visible if "Ambient lin. or curve" is set to "Set curve". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 193 The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 194 TT> • Ambient t Indicates if ambient temperature settings have been set wrong and actually used Setting set fault. setting is 1.0. Visible only when there is a setting fault. alarm Override to © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 195 Table. 4.4.20 - 189. Counters. Name Description / values Alarm1 inits The number of times the function has activated the Alarm 1 output Alarm2 inits The number of times the function has activated the Alarm 2 output © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 196 ON event process data for TRIP, BLOCKED, etc. signals. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. Table. 4.4.20 - 191. Register content. Name Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name Time to reach 100 % theta seconds Ref. T current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 197: Generator/Transformer Differential Protection (Idb>/Idi>/I0Dhv>/I0Dlv>; 87T/87N/87G)

    This function can also be used for protecting generators. Figure. 4.4.21 - 89. Differential protection function can be used for protecting transformers, generators and both at the same time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 198 If the transformer is oil-insulated, oil level monitoring should be applied. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 199 (such as in the bus or in the cables connected to the transformer). Faults of this type are easily repaired and the transformer can be re- energized soon after the fault has bee cleared. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 200 • the ratios and properties of the transformers HV and LV sides. This chapter shows the setting and the principle of transformer differential protection step by step. Figure. 4.4.21 - 90. Transformer and its components forming the differential zone. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 201 Let us further say the HV side current transformers are 150/5 A and the LV side current transformers are 1200/5 A. The primary side factor (p.u.) and current are then calculated as follows: Then, the secondary side factor (p.u.) and current are calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 202 LV side is leading 30 degrees; '5' and '7' are just the other ends of the windings thus causing a 180-degree difference between the '1' and '11' clock numbers. The following example explains transformer current vectors and what a connection might look like. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 203 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.21 - 93. Yd1 transformer's internal connection (in theory). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 204 Y-connected vector diagram. The images below present the differential algorithm itself (one calculating formula for each phase difference); first the "subtract" formulas, then the "add" formulas. Selection is based on the CT connections. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 205 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.21 - 95. "Subtract" formula. Figure. 4.4.21 - 96. "Add" formula. Figure. 4.4.21 - 97. CTs' starpoints requiring the "Add" mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 206 Next, these two formulas are combined in a graph: the x-axis presents the measured differential current, and the y-axis presents the calculated bias current. The following graph shows the differential function characteristic, both biased and non-biased. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 207 ). It is the basic sensitivity limit: when the measured differential current is below this limit, the d>pick-up transformer still operates normally and the protection does not trigger. In other words, the pick-up current setting must be higher than the combination of all the normal operation factors that cause differential currents. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 208 3) Protection relay measurement accuracy (primary and secondary) (RE The protection relay measurement error is below 0.5 %, its optional accuracy below 0.2 % per measurement channel: the combined value for both sides is either 1 % or 0.4 %. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 209 This causes a difference in the nominal current condition, which can be noticed as a differential current in the protection relay. Usually tap changer positions are presented as deviation steps for the secondary voltage to both positive and negative direction from the center (see the second image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 210 If there is no tap changer, the maximum uncertainty can be calculated sufficiently enough by summing the maximum inaccuracies of the CTs on the HV and LV sides. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 211 Slope 1 is calculated by using the transformer and CT nominal values in the maximum full load (Turnpoint 2) of the transformer with highest possible differential current causing tap position. Generally the Slope 1 setting is calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 212 CTs differently (starpoint towards or away from the transformer). Thus, the differential current is always calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 213 Therefore, the differential current is the following: If the Maximum mode is used for biasing (due to a single end fault), the bias current is the same as the differential current. Therefore, the Slope 2 setting is calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 214 CTs, the connection between the CTs, as well as the cross-section and material of the wires. Let us begin with the burden the wiring causes to the relay, and calculate the resistance in a conductor: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 215 It is recommended that you use the worst-case scenario as the basis for calculating the CT burden. In most cases these +75 ºC values are sufficient. If the ambient temperature in your application is higher than +75 ºC, the resistance should be calculated for that specific temperature. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 216 If the CTs have the possibility to saturate (that is, the calculated through fault current is bigger than the ALF on either CT side), the setting of the instant stage must be set high enough so that it does not operate on through fault saturation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 217 (using these same formulas) in the Transformer status monitoring (TRF) module. When everything is set up correctly in the relay and when the transformer is feeding the load with nominal power, the result should look like the following example configuration when the example settings and transformer are used. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 218 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.21 - 104. Example configuration for the transformer differential function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 219 Our example presented only one type of transformer and its properties. Another very common variation is the type of transformer where the star side (HV, LV, or both) is earthed and thus forms a route outside the differential zone (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 220 (in p.u.) before differential calculation and thus negates the effect of an external earth fault. Correctly selected transformer settings prevent the differential function from being tripped by out-of-zone earth faults (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 221 However, enabling the REF protection requires that both the phase current measurements and the starpoint current are available and can be connected to the relay's residual current channel on the corresponding (HV/LV) side measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 222 (external) earth faults, and the how a heavy fault going fully through the second biased section (Slope 2) can cause saturation in the CTs' phase currents. The recommended base settings: • Pick-up (base sensitivity): typically 5 % to 10 % of the phase current CT error (Px) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 223 The differential relay sees the energization current as a differential current since it only flows through the primary side winding only. The saturation of the transformer core generates the 2 harmonic component which can be used to block the biased sensitive differential stage during energization. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 224 (in amperes), the fourth graph depicts the fundamental (50 Hz) FFT- calculated currents (in amperes), and fifth graph depicts the 2 harmonic components relative to the corresponding fundamental component currents (with the 15 % setting limit). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 225 While the results are very low compared to the magnetizing inrush current magnitudes, the differential relay would still definitely trip without the 2 harmonic blocking. The situation is the same with all of the calculted setting variations. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 226 Figure. 4.4.21 - 110. Inrush blocking by using the 2 harmonic (relative to fundamental frequency). Figure. 4.4.21 - 111. Example of transformer magnetizing inrush currents. A conservative setting recommendation for standard type transformers: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 227 Figure. 4.4.21 - 112. Transformer behavior in case of overvoltage caused by overexcitation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 228 The figures below present the system voltage and the magnitude of the 5 harmonic component (both in per-unit), absolute and scaled to the transformer nominal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 229 (that is, no overvoltage relays are available), this blocking can be enabled with the setting of 30...40 % with the disturbance recorder enabled. If a trip occurs as a result of overexcitation, the settings can be adjusted based on the data captured by the disturbance recorder. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 230 • On Set mode of DIF block. • Blocked Idx> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow mode • Test/ setting of individual LN mode is enabled Blocked in General menu. • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 231 The transformer's short-circuit Transformer 0.01…25.00% 0.01% 3.00% Info impedance in percentages. Used for calculating short-circuit current. The transformer's nominal frequency. Transformer 10…75Hz 50Hz Info Used for calculating the transformer's nom. freq. nominal short-circuit inductance. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 232 LV side grounded monitoring LV side current calculation. The selection grounded grounded • Grounded - transformer is visible only if the option "Manual set" is differential selected for the vector group setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 233 "Enabled" is selected for the "Enable I0d> differential (REF) LV side" setting. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 234 "Enable Idi> stage" is disabled. The base sensitivity for the HV side restricted earth fault HV I0d> 0.01…100.00% 0.01% 10.00% differential characteristics. This setting is only visible if Pick-up the "Enable I0d> (REF) HV side" setting is enabled. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 235 The calculated phase L1 maximum differential current allowed with current bias level L3Char The calculated phase L1 maximum differential current allowed with current bias level HV I0d> Bias The calculated HV side restricted earth fault bias current current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 236 The function's outputs can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the TRIP, 2 Harmonic Block, 5 Harmonic Block, External Block events. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 237 DIF1 L2 5 harmonic OFF DIF1 L3 5 harmonic ON DIF1 L3 5 harmonic OFF DIF1 HV I0d> Block ON DIF1 HV I0d> Block OFF DIF1 HV I0d> Trip ON DIF1 HV I0d> Trip OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 238 LV I0d> differential current LV side REF differential current LV I0d> characteristics current LV side REF maximum differential current with bias Setting group in use Setting group in use Ftype Detected fault type (faulty phases) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 239: Resistance Temperature Detectors (Rtd)

    • Blocked Displays the mode of RTD block. RTD LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is behaviour • Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 240 Sets the pick-up value for Alarm 1. The alarm is activated if the measurement S1...S16 Alarm1 -101.0…2000.0deg 0.1deg 0.0deg goes above or below this setting mode (depends on the selected mode in "Sx Alarm1 >/<"). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 241 Table. 4.4.22 - 200. Event messages. Event block name Event names RTD1 S1...S16 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S1...S16 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S1...S16 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S1...S16 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S1...S16 Meas Ok RTD1 S1...S16 Meas Invalid © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 242: Programmable Stage (Pgx>/<; 99)

    Enables the stage. • Enabled • Normal Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable • Start PSx >/< Force status to • Trip stage forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. • Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 243 PSx Magnitude selection • Impedances Defines the measurement type used by the stage admittances • Others Defines the measurement used by the stage. Available PSx MagnitudeX See table below. parameters depend on selected measurement type. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 244 Zero sequence current value (in p.u.) I0CALC Mag Calculated I0 value (in p.u.) I1 Mag Positive sequence current value (in p.u.) I2 Mag Negative sequence current value (in p.u.) I0CALC Ang Angle of calculated residual current (degrees) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 245 UL3 angle (degrees) U0Ang UL0 angle (degrees) U0CalcMag Calculated residual voltage U1 pos.seq.V Mag Positive sequence voltage U2 neg.seq.V Mag Negative sequence voltage U0CalcAng Calculated residual voltage angle (degrees) U1 pos.seq.V Ang Positive sequence voltage angle (degrees) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 246 Table. 4.4.23 - 207. Other impedances, resistances and reactances Name Description RSeqPri Positive Resistance R primary (Ω) XSeqPri Positive Reactance X primary (Ω) RSeqSec Positive Resistance R secondary (Ω) XSeqSec Positive Reactance X secondary (Ω) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 247 Admittance Y0 angle Table. 4.4.23 - 210. Other measurements Name Description System f. System frequency Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequency 2 M Thermal T Motor thermal temperature F Thermal T Feeder thermal temperature © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 248 -1800.000...1800.000s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs. time When the function has detected a fault and counts down time Time remaining to 0.000...1800.000s towards a trip, this displays how much time is left before trip tripping occurs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 249 000.0000…5 000 0.0001 0.01 Pick-up magnitude Mag#/calc >/< 000.0000 PS# Setting 0.0000…50.0000% 0.0001% 3% Setting hysteresis hysteresis Mag# Definite operating time 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.04s Delay setting delay Release time 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.06s Pick-up release delay delays © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 250 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 251: Arc Fault Protection (Iarc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50Narc)

    This delay can be avoided by using arc protection. The arc protection card has a high-speed output to trip signals faster as well as to extend the speed of arc protection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 252 The arc protection card has four (4) sensor channels, and up to three (3) arc point sensors can be connected to each channel. The sensor channels support Arcteq AQ-01 (light sensing) and AQ-02 (pressure and light sensing) units. Optionally, the protection function can also be applied with a phase current or a residual current condition: the function trips only if the light and overcurrent conditions are met.
  • Page 253 AQ-101 models are used to extend the protection of Zone 2 and to protect each outgoing feeder (Zone 3). This scheme is a single-line diagram with AQ-200 series devices and with AQ-101 arc protection relays. The settings are for an incoming feeder AQ-200 device. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 254 The next example is almost like the previous one: it is also a single-line diagram with AQ 200 series devices. However, this time each outgoing feeder has an AQ-200 protection device instead of an AQ-101 arc protection relay. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 255 Arc protection uses samples based on current measurements. If the required number of samples is found to be above the setting limit, the current condition activates. The arc protection can use either phase currents, residual currents or both. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 256 • Zone4 Trip • Zone4 Blocked Channel • No sensors sensors • 1 sensor Defines the number of sensors connected to the channel (channels 1/2/ • 2 sensors sensors 3/4). Channel • 3 sensors sensors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 257 Enables the chosen zone. Up to 4 zones can be enabled. 4 Enabled • Enabled Zone1/2/3/ • Disabled The phase overcurrent allows the zone to trip when light is 4 Ph. curr. Disabled • Enabled detected. Enabled © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 258 Displays the mode of ARC block. • Blocked I/I0 Arc> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN behaviour • Test/Blocked mode is enabled in General menu. • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 259 ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp. The function's outputs can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the events. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 260 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. Table. 4.4.24 - 222. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name Phase A current Trip current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 261: Control Functions

    The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 262: Automatic Voltage Regulator (90)

    The aim of using an automatic voltage regulator is to maintain a stable secondary voltage and thus make sure that the distribution voltage does not rise dangerously high or fall unusably low. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 263 General settings include the selection of the measurement reference voltage. Additionally, the measured phase-to-phase voltage and the measurement input (if U4 is used for voltage measurements) must be selected as well. The image below two connection options for voltage measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 264 If the set maximum control time is exceeded, the control signal is terminated even if tap location hasn't changed. After the termination, the set minimum time between pulses is used to prevent new control pulse outputs (esp. instant low requests) from taking place during this time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 265 These basic settings define the control area where the AVR must operate. Either Channel 1 or 2 can be used to connect a mA input to an option card (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 266 Some tap changers might work “inversely”, meaning that the maximum mA measurement indicates that the tap changer is in the lowest position. If this is the case, this can be switched with the “Tap position indication” parameter, as shown in the image below. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 267 Measurement → AI (mA, DI volt) scaling . Below is an example where the tap changer has 18 positions and the mA/position curve has been corrected at two points between the minimum and maximum positions. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 268 Control → Control functions → Voltage regulator → IO → Input signal control . Up to five digital inputs can be set for binary input coding, and up to 31 positions can be indicated with binary coding (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 269 Control → Control functions → Voltage regulator → IO → Input signal control . Up to five digital inputs can be set for BCD coding, and up to 18 positions can be indicated with BCD coding (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 270 Instead of mA measurement, RTD resistance is also an applicable option. To use RTD measurement the position indication needs to be scaled in Measurement → AI (mA, DI volt) scaling (see the image below). Figure. 4.5.2 - 126. Example scaling for tap position indication with RTD measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 271 Therefore, the minimum voltage window size can be calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 272 Eventually a stable voltage may be found but the next tap change request will cause similar fluctuation and the cycle begins again. Figure. 4.5.2 - 129. Tight voltage window (window reached but voltage near the limit). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 273 However, the voltage stays within the second window limits. Only when a second tap change is applied does the voltage drop within the limits of the first voltage window. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 274 For example, if U >>/<<< time delay has been set to 40 seconds and the measured voltage difference from the set target is 4 %, using the formula above the operating time can be determined to be 10 seconds (40s / 4) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 275 Figure. 4.5.2 - 132. Inverse operating time characteristics for the second voltage window (U>>/<< window The inverse operating time controls the voltage back to the set target window: the bigger the deviation (dU [%]) is, the smaller the operating time to get the voltage within the target window. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 276 (U>>> Instant setting). After this level is reached, the time characteristics of the corresponding window calculate the consecutive time delays until the desired target window is reached. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 277 10 % by local standards and the tap effect for the transformer is 1.67 %, the pick-up for the instant low function should be set to 8.33 % (10 % – 1.67 %). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 278 (see the image below). This can occur in various power-off situations, such as when there is a heavy short-circuit fault in the feeding network side, or when the tap drifts towads the maximum voltage. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 279 Fundamental frequency component of phase currents can be used for overcurrent blocking. Table. 4.5.2 - 227. Measurement inputs of the automatic voltage regulator function. Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of voltage channel U Fundamental frequency component of voltage channel U © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 280 • U< set lower Vreg settings condition information about the settings. If the value than U<< differs from 0, the settings are not correct. • U>>> set too • U<<< set too high • VT selection not ok © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 281 Based on the location of the tap changer. Voltage set now to 0.01V 000V Calculation formula is "Absolute tap location" times "Tap step effect". Displays the set instant stage (compared to U>>> (instant) setting 0.00…140.00% 0.01% the nominal 100 % level). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 282 • Yes reached the minimum voltage low position. Control settings The control settings define the control model as well as the manual increasing and decreasing commands from the HMI. The timing controls are here as well. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 283 Selects the external mA input channel. • CH2 External mA • CH3 This setting is only visible when "mA input channel • CH4 external input" is the selected input • CH5 mode. • CH6 • CH7 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 284 Sets the minimum tap position measurement value. mA input low 0.000…20.000mA 0.001mA 4.000mA This setting is not visible when "BCD range coded inputs" or "Binary coded inputs" is the selected input mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 285 1 blocked by a detected overcurrent condition. blocked • - Clear statistics Clears the statistics and resets the counters to zero. • Clear Active settings These settings define the AVR's regulating behavior. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 286 This setting is only visible, when the "U>>/<< window in use" parameter is activated. U>>> • Not in use Selects whether or not the instant low stage is in instant in Not in use • In use use. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 287 The AVR function has the following available output signals. Table. 4.5.2 - 234. Output signals. Name Description AVR raise tap The output command to raise the tap by one step. AVR lower tap The output command to lower the tap by one step. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 288 "From library", and then select one of the control button icons. Next, choose which logical input this button controls, and make sure that the two images in the item are following the status of the correct logical input (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 289 The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 290 Control wait time On VRG1 Control wait time Off VRG1 Manual control mode VRG1 Automatic control mode VRG1 Tap raise request On VRG1 Tap raise request Off VRG1 Tap lower request On VRG1 Tap lower request Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 291: Parallel Voltage Regulator

    GOOSE configuration. Tap control can be switched between parallel and independent control modes. Mimic can be set up to display feedback from each transformer. Tap control can be either in "Master & follower" mode or "Circulating current" control mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 292 • Follower one master device selected at a time. When Status • Master communication is operational between the devices, “only one master” is monitored automatically and it is not possible to choose two masters simultaneously. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 293 Once enabled, a possible tap control failure will disable failure Disabled • Enabled automatic tap control in "Master & follower" mode. blocking Clear tap • - control Displays the set undervoltage blocking limit. • Clear failure © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 294 The following measurements are available in the function menus. Table. 4.5.3 - 239. Measurements used by the parallel voltage regulator function. Name Range Step Description Circulating -50000.00…50000.00 Measured circulating reactive current amplitude and 0.01 A current (A) direction (+/-) from our device perspective © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 295 • Auto/Manual status to mimic You can adjust premade default mimic for up to four parallel transformers based on application needs. Device internal logic VRG> signals Following logical signals are available in parallel tap changer function: • T1-T4 Auto/Manual © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 296 ID2 will control tap. Device ID1 will give tap+ command but device ID2 will give tap command to opposite direction Tap-. T2 timer reruns and both devices will repeat the control commands as long as is needed. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 297 To run circulating reactive current mode properly, some transformer nameplate values such as transformer rated apparent power Sn, transformer rated voltage Un and transformer short circuit impedance Zk is required. All other data comes automatically via GOOSE messaging once communication between the devices has been established. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 298 • Follow master tap position: Following device controls tap up or down based on own tap position compared to master device tap position. Tap differential alarm is available in case master and follower tap difference increases too much in set time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 299 “allowed tap difference” and operating time “maximum allowed tap difference time” differential failure has passed. AVR circulating current mode mode failure is not yet implemented and signal is forced to stay active (1). failure: I © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 300: Setting Group Selection

    If a static activation signal is given for two setting groups, the setting group with higher priority will be active. If setting groups are controlled by pulses, the setting group activated by pulse will stay active until another setting groups receives and activation signal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 301 Force setting • Disabled Disabled changed remotely or from a local HMI. This parameter overrides the group change • Enabled local control of the setting groups and it remains on until the user disables it. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 302 If static signal control is applied, all other SG requests will be processed regardless of the signal status of this setting group. Example applications for setting group control This chapter presents some of the most common applications for setting group changing requirements. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 303 The status of the Petersen coil controls whether Setting group 1 is active. If the coil is disconnected, Setting group 2 is active. This way, if the wire is broken for some reason, the setting group is always controlled to SG2. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 304 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.4 - 143. Setting group control – two-wire connection from Petersen coil status. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 305 The application-controlled setting group change can also be applied entirely from the device's internal logics. For example, the setting group change can be based on the cold load pick-up function (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 306 ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp. Table. 4.5.4 - 244. Event messages. Event block name Event names SG2...8 Enabled SG2...8 Disabled SG1...8 Request ON SG1...8 Request OFF Remote Change SG Request ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 307: Object Control And Monitoring

    The main outputs of the function are the OBJECT OPEN and OBJECT CLOSE control signals. Additionally, the function reports the monitored object's status and applied operations. The setting parameters are static inputs for the function, which can only be changed by the user in the function's setup phase. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 308 • On Set mode of OBJ block. • Blocked OBJ LN mode • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual • Test/Blocked LN mode is enabled in General menu. • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 309 • Not in use close the breaker (depending on "Ready High or Low" selection). Open Displays the number of successful "Open" requests. 0…2 –1 requests Close Displays the number of successful "Close" requests. 0…2 –1 requests © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 310 IN. "1" means that the withdrawable object In") cart is in. WD Object Out A link to a physical digital input. The monitored withdrawable ("Withdrw.CartOut.Status object's position is OUT. "1" means that the withdrawable In") object cart is pulled out. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 311 Table. 4.5.5 - 249. Control settings (DI and Application). Signal Range Description • User Access level for MIMIC • Operator Defines what level of access is required for MIMIC control • Configurator control. The default is the "Configurator" level. • Super user © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 312 Blocking and interlocking can be based on any of the following: other object statuses, a software function or a digital input. The image below presents an example of an interlock application, where the closed earthing switch interlocks the circuit breaker close command. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 313 The function uses the circuit breaker's manufacturer-supplied data for the breaker operating cycles in relation to the interrupted current magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 314 Table. 4.5.5 - 251. Breaker supervision settings and status indications. Name Range Default Description • Disabled Condition monitoring Disabled Enabled the breaker condition monitoring function. • Enabled • CT1 Defines which current measurement module is used Monitoring CT side • CT2 by the function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 315 Condition Alarm 2 Enable Disabled Enables Alarm 2. • Enabled Condition Alarm 2 when When the amount of operations left is less than value 0...200 000 operations less than set here, Alarm 2 will activate. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 316 Close Command On OBJ1...OBJ10 Close Command Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Open Blocked On OBJ1...OBJ10 Open Blocked Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Close Blocked On OBJ1...OBJ10 Close Blocked Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Object Ready OBJ1...OBJ10 Object Not Ready OBJ1...OBJ10 Sync Ok OBJ1...OBJ10 Sync Not Ok © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 317 The cause of an "Open" command's failure. Close fail The cause of a "Close" command's failure. Open command The source of an "Open" command. Close command The source of an "Open" command. General status The general status of the function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 318: Indicator Object Monitoring

    Close input A link to a physical digital input. The monitored indicator's signal selected by the user ("Ind.X CLOSE status. "1" refers to the active "Close" state of the monitored Close indicator. (SWx) Status In") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 319: Cold Load Pick-Up (Clpu)

    Figure. 4.5.7 - 149. Simplified function block diagram of the cold load pick-up function. Measured input The function block uses fundamental frequency component of phase current measurement values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 320 Name Range Step Default Description The pick-up setting for low current detection. All measured 0.01…40.00×In 0.01×In 0.20×In currents must be below this setting in order for the cold load pick- up signal to be activated. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 321 The behavior of the function's operating timers can be set for activation as well as for the situation monitoring and release of the cold load pick-up. The table below presents the setting parameters for the function's time characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 322 "reclaim" time for the function in case the inrush current is not immediately initiated in the start-up sequence. The six examples below showcase some typical cases with the cold load pick-up function. Figure. 4.5.7 - 150. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (normal CLPU situation). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 323 If the user wants the function to activate within a shorter period of time, the T parameter can be se to a lower value. If the user wants no delay, the T can be zero seconds and the operation will be immediate. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 324 I setting, a high counter starts counting towards the T time. The measured current exceeds the I setting during over the start-up situation and causes the cold load pick-up signal to be released immediately. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 325 When the current exceeds the I setting, a timer high starts counting towards the T time. The measured current stays above the I setting until the high is reached, which causes the release of the cold load pick-up signal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 326 The current stays between the I setting and the I high setting, so the cold load pick-up signal is active for T time. As no inrush current is detected during that time, the signal is released. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 327 The function's outputs can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the CLPU ACT and BLOCKED events. Table. 4.5.7 - 262. Event messages. Event block name Event names CLP1 LowStart ON CLP1 LowStart OFF CLP1 HighStart ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 328: Switch-On-To-Fault (Sotf)

    " SOTF activate input " input. The duration of the SOTF-armed condition can be set by the "Release time for SOTF" setting parameter; it can be changed if the application so requires through setting group selection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 329 • On Set mode of SOF block. • Blocked SOTF LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode • Test/Blocked mode is enabled in General menu. • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 330 INIT, BLOCKED, ACTIVE and TRIP events. Table. 4.5.8 - 267. Event messages. Event block name Event names SOF1 SOTF Init ON SOF1 SOTF Init OFF SOF1 SOTF Block ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 331: Synchrocheck (Δv/Δa/Δf; 25)

    Measurements → Transformers → VT module . SYN1 also includes synchroswitching. When synchroswitching is used, the function automatically closes the breaker when both sides of the breaker are synchronized. When only U3 or U4 voltage measurement channel has been set to "SS" mode: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 332 The seven images below present three different example connections and four example applications of the synchrocheck function. Figure. 4.5.9 - 157. Example connection of the synchrocheck function (3LN+U4 mode, SYN1 in use, UL1 as reference voltage). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 333 Figure. 4.5.9 - 158. Example connection of the synchrocheck function (2LL+U0+U4 mode, SYN1 in use, UL12 as reference voltage). Figure. 4.5.9 - 159. Example connection of the synchrocheck function (2LL+U3+U4 mode, SYN3 in use, UL12 as reference voltage). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 334 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.9 - 160. Example application (synchrocheck over one breaker, with 3LL and 3LN VT connections). Figure. 4.5.9 - 161. Example application (synchrocheck over one breaker, with 2LL VT connection). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 335 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.9 - 162. Example application (synchrocheck over two breakers, with 2LL VT connection). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 336 "live" or a "dead" state. The parameter SYNx U conditions is used to determine the conditions (in addition to the three aspects) which are required for the systems to be considered synchronized. The image below shows the different states the systems can be in. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 337 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.9 - 164. System states. Figure. 4.5.9 - 165. Simplified function block diagram of the SYN1 and SYN2 function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 338 The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 339 The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the synchronization is OK, a SYN OK signal is generated. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 340 SYN1 • Not in use Not in function automatically closes the breaker when Switching • Use SynSW both sides of the breaker are synchronized. This setting is only visible when "Use SYN1" is activated. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 341 SYNx U live > 0.10…100.00%Un 0.01%Un 20%Un The voltage limit of the live state. SYNx U dead The voltage limit of the dead state. Not in use when 0.00…100.00%Un 0.01%Un 20%Un < set to 0%Un © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 342 SYN1...3 Frequency diff out of setting SYN1 SYN1 Switch ON SYN1 SYN1 Switch OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 343: Milliampere Output Control

    (1) mA input channel. If the device has an mA option card, enable mA outputs at Control → Device IO → mA outputs . The outputs are activated in groups of two: channels 1 and 2 are activated together, as are channels 3 and 4. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 344 The second input point in the mA output 0.001 …10 value 2 control curve. Scaled The mA output value when the measured value mA output 0.0000…24.0000mA 0.0001mA 0mA is equal to or greater than Input value 2. value 2 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 345 Displays the input value of the selected mA 0.001 …10 Magnitude now output channel at that moment. mA Out Channel Displays the output value of the selected mA 0.0000…24.0000mA 0.0001mA Outputs now output channel at that moment. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 346: Vector Jump (Δφ; 78)

    Figure. 4.5.11 - 168. Simplified function block diagram of the Δφ function. Measured input The function block uses phase-to-phase or phase-to-neutral voltages and always uses complex measurement from samples. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 347 (Δα ) for each of the selected voltages. The function's stage trip signal lasts for 20 ms and automatically resets after that time has passed. The setting value is common for all measured amplitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 348 Voltage System any Defines the monitored voltage channel(s) voltages • System all P-P Voltage voltages • System any P-E voltage • System L1 Voltage • System L2 Voltage • System L3 Voltage • U4 Voltage © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 349 Displays the angle difference between present time and 20 ms -360...360deg 0.01deg difference ago. Δα > U3 Angle difference Δα > U1meas/ Δα > U2meas/ Displays the ratio between the measured voltage and -360...360p.u. 0.01p.u. undervoltage block limit setting. Δα > U3meas/ © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 350 Table. 4.5.11 - 285. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name Fault type L1(2), L2(3), L3(1) and U4 Trip Δα meas / dataset Trip angle difference Alarm Δα meas / dataset Alarm angle difference © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 351: Programmable Control Switch

    The function offers five (5) independent switches. The function's output signals can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. Table. 4.5.12 - 287. Event messages. Event block name Event names Switch 1 ON Switch 1 OFF Switch 2 ON Switch 2 OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 352: User Buttons

    • RTD inputs and mA inputs in "RTD & mA input" option cards • mA inputs in "4x mA output & 1x mA input" option cards • mA input in "4x mA input & 1x mA output" option cards • Digital input voltages © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 353 000.00...1 000 0.00001 0 below the set limit, "ASC1...4 input out of range" minimum 000.00 is activated. -1 000 Displays the input measurement received by the Curve 1...10 input 000.00...1 000 0.00001 - curve. 000.00 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 354 Scales the measured milliampere signal at Point 1..10 0.000 Input value 2 0...4000 The measured input value at Curve Point 2. Scaled 0.000 output value Scales the measured milliampere signal at Point 2..10 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 355: Logical Outputs

    Logical output descriptions Logical outputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of the menus: • logic editor • matrix • block settings • event history • disturbance recordings • etc. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 356: Logical Inputs

    "Pulse" mode is controlled to "1", the input will switch to status "1" and return back to "0" after 5 ms. The figure below presents the operation of a logical input in Hold mode and in Pulse mode. Figure. 4.5.16 - 172. Operation of logical input in "Hold" and "Pulse" modes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 357 1...32 NOTICE! TICE! After editing user descriptions the event history will start to use the new description only after resetting the HMI. HMI can be reset from General → Device info → HMI restart . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 358: Monitoring Functions

    • None of the three-phase currents exceeds the I high limit setting. • At least one of the three-phase currents exceeds the I low limit setting. • At least one of the three-phase currents are below the I low limit setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 359 The function supervises the angle of each current measurement channel. Positive sequence current and negative sequence currents are calculated from the phase currents. The user can select what is used for the residual current measurement: nothing, the I01 channel, or the I02 channel. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 360 The reset ratio of 97 % and 103% are built into the function and is always relative to the value. The setting value is common for all measured amplitudes, and when the I exceeds the value (in single, dual or all currents) it triggers the pick-up operation of the function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 361 • Blocked Displays the mode of CTS block. • Test CTS LN behaviour This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual • Test/ LN mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked • Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 362 "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset". Typical cases of current transformer supervision The following nine examples present some typical cases of the current transformer supervision and their setting effects. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 363 Figure. 4.6.1 - 177. Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. When a fault is detected and all conditions are met, the CTS timer starts counting. If the situation continues until the set time has passed, the function issues an alarm. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 364 If any of the phases exceed the I high limit setting, the operation of the function is not activated. This behavior is applied to short-circuits and earth faults even when the fault current exceeds the I high limit setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 365 Figure. 4.6.1 - 181. Normal situation, residual current also measured. When the residual condition is added with the "I0 input selection", the sum of the current and the residual current are compared against each other to verify the wiring condition. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 366 Figure. 4.6.1 - 183. Broken primary phase current wiring. In this example, all other condition are met except the residual difference. That is now 0 × I , which indicates a primary side fault. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 367 Table. 4.6.1 - 298. Event messages. Event block name Event names CTS1 Alarm ON CTS1 Alarm OFF CTS1 Block ON CTS1 Block OFF CTS2 Alarm ON CTS2 Alarm OFF CTS2 Block ON CTS2 Block OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 368: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)

    This signal is mostly used as an alarming function or to disable functions that require adequate voltage measurement. Figure. 4.6.2 - 185. Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 369 Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 370 • Yes line" setting ( I/O → Fuse failure inputs ). check The voltage transformer supervision can also report several different states of the measured voltage. These can be seen in the function's INFO menu. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 371 0.005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs. time Time When the function has detected a fault and counts down time remaining to -1800.000...1800.000s 0.005s towards a operation, this displays how much time is left before trip operation occurs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 372 Bus VT fail Block OFF VTS1 Line VT fail ON VTS1 Line VT fail OFF VTS1 Bus Fuse fail ON VTS1 Bus Fuse fail OFF VTS1 Line Fuse fail ON VTS1 Line Fuse fail OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 373: Current Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)

    The user can also set the alarming limits for each measured channel if the application so requires. The monitoring of the measured signals can be selected to be based either on an amplitude ratio or on the above-mentioned power ratio. The difference is in the calculation formula (as shown below): © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 374 Time base FFT measurement of phase L1 (A) current FFT measurement of phase L2 (B) current FFT measurement of phase L3 (C) current FFT measurement of residual I01 current FFT measurement of residual I02 current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 375 Enables and disables the THD alarm function from residual Enabled • Disabled current input I01. alarm Enable • Enabled Enables and disables the THD alarm function from residual Enabled • Disabled current input I02. alarm © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 376 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. Operating time characteristics for activation and reset This function supports definite time delay (DT). The following table presents the setting parameters for the function's time characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 377 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, ALARM and BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 378: Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)

    Figure. 4.6.4 - 189. THD calculation formulas. While both of these formulas exist, the power ratio ( THD ) is recognized by the IEEE, and the amplitude ratio ( THD ) is recognized by the IEC. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 379 This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode • Test/ mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked • Off Measurement • Amplitude Amplitude Defines which available measured magnitude the function uses. magnitude • Power © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 380 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 381 ON event process data for START, ALARM and BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. Table. 4.6.4 - 319. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 382: Fault Locator (21Fl)

    See the table "Required current conditions" for more information on which conditions have to be met to trigger impedance recording. Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 383 The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the fault locator triggering events. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 384: Disturbance Recorder (Dr)

    The files are based on the IEEE standard C37.111-1999. Captured recordings can be injected as playback with secondary testing tools that support the COMTRADE file format. Playback of files might help to analyze the fault, or can be simply used for educational purposes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 385 Current measurement module voltage supply supervision (CT card 2) USup Voltage measurement module voltage supply supervision (VT card 1) Phase current I (CT card 3) IL1''' IL2''' Phase current I (CT card 3) Phase current I (CT card 3) IL3''' © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 386 Secondary positive/negative/zero Pha.curr.ILx IL2, IL3) seq.curr. sequence current Secondary phase Primary positive/negative/zero Sec.Pha.curr.ILx current ILx (IL1, IL2, Pri.Pos./Neg./Zero seq.curr. sequence current IL3) Primary residual Pos./Neg./Zero Positive/Negative/Zero sequence Pri.Res.curr.I0x current I0x (I01, I02) seq.curr.angle current angle © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 387 Magnitude of the system voltage Zero sequence voltage System volt U0 mag seq.Volt.p.u. in per-unit values Primary positive/ Pos./Neg./Zero Magnitude of the system voltage negative/ System volt U0 mag(kV) seq.Volt.pri U0 in kilovolts zero sequence voltage © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 388 Output of Curve x (1, 2, 3, 4) power POW1 3PH Three-phase apparent Apparent power power in megavolt- Enablefbasedfunctions(VT1) Enable frequency-based functions (S MVA) amperes POW1 3PH Active Three-phase active Track.sys.f. Tracked system frequency power (P) power © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 389 Status (Protection, control and Status of Push Button 1...12 is (see the individual function PushButton monitoring event description for the specific outputs) x On signals) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 390 Enables and disables the disturbance recorder function. enabled • Disabled • Recorder ready • Recording triggered Recorder • Recording Indicates the status of recorder. status and storing • Storing recording • Recorder full • Wrong config © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 391 • 64s/c Selects the sample rate of the disturbance recorder in Analog channel • 32s/c 64s/c samples per cycle. The samples are saved from the samples • 16s/c measured wave according to this setting. • 8s/c © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 392 • SR = the selected sample rate (s/c). • 200 Hz = the rate at which digital channels are always recorded, i.e. 5 ms. • Ch = the number of digital channels recorded. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 393 The recorder is configured by using the setting tool software or device HMI, and the results are analyzed with the AQviewer software (is automatically downloaded and installed with AQtivate). Registered users can download the latest tools from the Arcteq website (arcteq.fi./downloads/).
  • Page 394 ) . Alternatively, the user can load the recordings individually ( Disturbance recorder → DR List ) from a folder in the PC's hard disk drive; the exact location of the folder is described in Tools → Settings → DR path . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 395: Event Logger

    Version: 2.11 The user can also launch the AQviewer software from the Disturbance recorder menu. AQviewer software instructions can be found in AQtivate 200 Instruction manual (arcteq.fi./downloads/). Events The disturbance recorder function (abbreviated "DR" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in the events listed below.

  • Page 396: Measurement Recorder

    The setting tool estimates the maximum recording time, which depends on the recording interval. When the measurement recorder is running, the measurements can be viewed in graph form with the AQtivate PRO software (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 397 V V olta oltage mea ge measur surements ements L2 Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh Res.Curr.I01 TRMS Pri U1Volt Pri L2 Imp.React.Cap.E.kvarh Res.Curr.I02 TRMS Pri U2Volt Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.Mvarh Sec.Pha.Curr.IL1 U3Volt Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.kvarh Sec.Pha.Curr.IL2 U4Volt Pri L2 Exp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 398 Neg.Seq.Volt. p.u. Exp/Imp Act. E balance MWh Pha.L3 ampl. THD Zero.Seq.Volt. p.u. Exp/Imp Act. E balance kWh Pha.L1 pow. THD U1Volt Angle Exp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh Pha.L2 pow. THD U2Volt Angle Exp.React.Cap.E.kvarh Pha.L3 pow. THD U3Volt Angle Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 399 S2 Measurement I” Pri.Neg.Seq.Curr. System Volt UL31 ang S3 Measurement I” Pri.Zero.Seq.Curr. System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement Res.Curr.I”01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement Res.Curr.I”02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 400 L1 Exp.Active Energy kWh Curve1 Input Pha.IL”2 ampl. THD L1 Imp.Active Energy MWh Curve1 Output Pha.IL”3 ampl. THD L1 Imp.Active Energy kWh Curve2 Input Pha.IL”1 pow. THD L1 Exp/Imp Act. E balance MWh Curve2 Output © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 401: Fault Register

    The user can set up to eight (8) magnitudes to be recorded when the function is triggered. An overcurrent fault type, a voltage fault type, and a tripped stage can be recorded and reported straight to SCADA. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 402 The tan (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers. tanfiL3 cosfi3PH, cosfiL1, cosfiL2, The cos (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers. cosfiL3 Impedances and admit Impedances and admittances tances Descrip Description tion © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 403 Reported values When triggered, the function holds the recorded values of up to eight channels, as set. In addition to this tripped stage, the overcurrent fault type and the voltage fault types are reported to SCADA. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 404 • U1/2 >>>> Trip • U0> Trip • U0>> Trip • U0>>> Trip • U0>>>> Trip • A-G • B-G • A-B Overcurrent fault type • C-G The overcurrent fault type. • A-C • B-C • A-B-C © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 405 ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp. Table. 4.6.9 - 335. Event messages. Event block name Event name VREC1 Recorder triggered ON VREC1 Recorder triggered OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 406: Communica A Tion

    Ethernet connection. Virtual Ethernet has its own separate IP address and network configurations. All Ethernet-based protocol servers listen for client connections on the IP addresses of both the physical Ethernet and the Virtual Ethernet. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 407 Bitrate used by serial fiber channels. • 38400bps Databits 7...8 Databits used by serial fiber channels. • None Parity • Even Paritybits used by serial fiber channels. • Odd Stopbits 1...2 Stopbits used by serial fiber channels. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 408: Time Synchronization

    → Synchronization → General . Table. 5.2 - 341. General time synchronization source settings. Name Range Description • Internal • External NTP Time synchronization source • External serial Selection of time synchronization source. • IRIG-B • PTP © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 409: Internal

    Grandmaster clock. In the PTP network there can also be Boundary and Transparent clock roles, these are most often PTP enabled switches that can redistribute time or compensate for their delays. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 410 Clock class or frequency distributed by the Grandmaster PTP Instance Clock The expected accuracy of a PTP Instance when it is the Grandmaster PTP accuracy Instance, or in the event it becomes the Grandmaster PTP Instance © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 411: Communication Protocols

    AQ-25x frame units support both Edition 1 and 2 of IEC 61850. The following services are supported by IEC 61850 in Arcteq devices: • Up to six data sets (predefined data sets can be edited with the IEC 61850 tool in AQtivate) •...
  • Page 412 Reactive 0.1…1000.0 Determines the data reporting deadband 2 kVar energy deadband kVar kVar settings for this measurement. 0.1…1000.0 Determines the data reporting deadband Active power deadband 2 kW settings for this measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 413: Logical Device Mode And Logical Node Mode

    • LNBeh can be reported through Beh data object in all logical nodes. • LDMod is only visible through logical node zero's Mod data object (LLN0.Mod). Mode and behavior values There are 5 values defined for mode and behavior: On, Blocked, Test, Test / Blocked and Off. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 414 Table. 5.3.1.1 - 348. All possible logical device and logical node combinations. LDMod LNMod LNBeh Test / Blocked Test Blocked Test / Blocked Test / Blocked Test / Blocked Test Test / Blocked Blocked Test / Blocked Test / Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 415 Processed as Processed as Processed as Processed as Questionable questionable questionable questionable questionable processed q.test = False q.validity = Good Processed as Processed as Processed as Processed as invalid invalid valid valid processed q.test = True © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 416 “Processed as questionable” and “Processed as invalid” in the same way with “Not processed”. Only "Processed as valid" is passed to the application. Table. 5.3.1.1 - 350. Arcteq's implementation of processing of incoming data in different behaviors. Blocked...

  • Page 417: Goose

    • Off 5.3.1.2 GOOSE Arcteq devices support both GOOSE publisher and GOOSE subscriber. GOOSE subscriber is enabled with the "GOOSE subscriber enable" parameter at Communication → Protocols → IEC 61850/ GOOSE. The GOOSE inputs are configured using either the local HMI or the AQtivate software.
  • Page 418 For other publishers, non-simulated frames are accepted normally (given no simulated frame is received from that publisher). This behavior ends when the setting is set back to No. GOOSE input settings The table below presents the different settings available for all 64 GOOSE inputs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 419 Table. 5.3.1.2 - 357. GOOSE input user description. Name Range Default Description User editable 1...31 GOOSE Description of the GOOSE input. This description is used in several description GI x characters IN x menu types for easier identification. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 420 GOOSE signals generate events from status changes. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 421: Modbus/Tcp And Modbus/Rtu

    1. Some masters might begin numbering holding register from 0 instead of 1; this will cause an offset of 1 between the device and the master. Modbus map can be edited with Modbus Configurator ( Tools → Communication → Modbus Configurator ). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 422: Iec 103

    TE: Once the configuration file has been loaded, the IEC 103 map of the device can be found in the AQtivate software ( Tools → IEC 103 map ). The following table presents the setting parameters for the IEC 103 protocol. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 423: Iec 101/104

    Table. 5.3.4 - 363. IEC 104 settings. Name Range Step Default Description IEC 104 • Disabled Disabled Enables and disables the IEC 104 communication protocol. enable • Enabled IP port 0…65 535 2404 Defines the IP port used by the protocol. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 424 • 1/10 000 Power factor • 1/100 000 • 1/1 000 000 Frequency • 10 • 100 • 1000 Current • 10 000 • 100 000 Residual current • 1 000 000 Voltage Residual voltage Angle © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 425: Spa

    The full SPA signal map can be found in AQtivate ( Tools → SPA map ). The SPA event addresses can be found at Tools → Events and logs → Event list . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 426: Dnp3

    Defines the length of the time-out for the link layer. time-out 000ms Link layer 1…20 Defines the number of retries for the link layer. retries Diagnostic Counts the total number of errors in received and sent - Error 0…2 messages. counter © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 427 • Var 5 • Var 1 • Var 2 • Var 3 Group 32 variation (AI change) Var 5 Selects the variation of the analog signal change. • Var 4 • Var 5 • Var 7 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 428: Modbus I/O

    Range Description I/O module Defines the Modbus unit address for the selected I/O Module (A, B, or C). If 0…247 X address this setting is set to "0", the selected module is not in use. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 429: Analog Fault Registers

    FLX (Fault locator) Select • TRIP signal Selects what triggers the fault register recording: TRIP record • START signal the selected function's TRIP signal, its START signal trigger • START and TRIP signals signal, or either one. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 430: Modbus Gateway

    Arc protection relays AQ-103 and AQ-103 LV Modbus variant is designed to work as a sub unit with Modbus Gateway master. More details about AQ-103 and AQ-103 LV capabilities and how to set them up can be found in AQ-103 Instruction manual (arcteq.fi./downloads/). Also see application example at the end of this chapter.
  • Page 431 Meas x Describe bit 1...31 Acq. Bit User settable description for the signal. This description is used in signal x characters several menu types for easier identification. Describe doube Acq. bit signal x Binary x © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 432 RTU. AQ-103 Modbus variant is able to report various signals like number of installed sensors, sensor activations, I/O activations etc. Holding registers of each signal can be found in the AQ-103 instruction manual. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 433 Figure. 5.5 - 196. To report imported bit signals to SCADA the signals must be connected to a logical output. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 434 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 5.5 - 197. Example mimic where sensor activation location is indicated with a symbol. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 435: Connections And Applica A Tion Examples

    A A Q Q -T257 -T257 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 6 Connections and application examples 6.1 Connections of AQ-T257 Figure. 6.1 - 198. AQ-T257 variant without add-on modules. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 436 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 6.1 - 199. AQ-T257 variant with digital input and output modules. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 437 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 6.1 - 200. AQ-T257 application example with function block diagram. AQ-T257 Device I/O Add-on 6 (IL) 4 voltage 1...3 9 slots 4 (I0) channels Protection functions I>...

  • Page 438: Application Example And Its Connections

    Trip circuit supervision is used to monitor the wiring from auxiliary power supply, through the device's digital output, and all the way to the open coil of the breaker. It is recommended to supervise the health of the trip circuit when breaker is closed. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 439 The image below presents the necessary settings when using a digital input for trip circuit supervision. The input's polarity must be NC (normally closed) and a one second delay is needed to avoid nuisance alarm while the circuit breaker is controlled open. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 440 There is one main difference between non-latched and latched control in trip circuit supervision: when using the latched control, the trip circuit (in an open state) cannot be monitored as the digital input is shorted by the device's trip output. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 441 Logical output can be used in the output matrix or in SCADA as the user wants. The image below presents a block scheme when a non-latched trip output is not used. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 442 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 6.3 - 206. Example block scheme. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 443: Construction And Installation Tion

    The images below present the modules of both the non-optioned model (AQ- X257-XXXXXXX-AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAA) and the fully optioned model (AQ-X257-XXXXXXX-BBBCCCCC BBBCCCCCJ J ). Figure. 7.1 - 207. Modular construction of AQ-X257-XXXXXXX-AAAAAAAAA © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 444 In field upgrades, therefore, add-on modules must be ordered from Arcteq Relays Ltd. or its representative who can then provide the module with its corresponding unlocking code to allow the device to operate correctly once the hardware configuration has been upgraded.
  • Page 445 If the code and the modules do not match, the device issues and alarm. An alarm is also issued if the device expects to find a module here but does not find one. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 446: Cpu Module

    Slots I…M in groups of five. Slot N has a double (LC) fiber Ethernet communication option card installed. These same principles apply to all non-standard configurations in the AQ-X257 devices. 7.2 CPU module Figure. 7.2 - 210. CPU module. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 447 "Auxiliary voltage" chapter in the "Technical data" section of this document. Digital input settings The settings described in the table below can be found at Control → Device I/O → Digital input settings in the device settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 448 2…8 milliseconds about 95 % of the time. When a digital input is connected directly to a digital output (T1…Tx), it takes an additional 5 ms round. Therefore, when a digital input controls a digital output internally, it takes 0…15 milliseconds in theory and 2…13 milliseconds in practice. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 449: Current Measurement Module

    The characteristics of phase current inputs are as follows: • The angle measurement inaccuracy is less than ± 0.2 degrees with nominal current. • The frequency measurement range of the phase current inputs is 6…1800 Hz with standard hardware. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 450: Voltage Measurement Module

    64 samples/cycle when the system frequency ranges from 6 Hz to 75 Hz. For further details please refer to the "Voltage measurement" chapter in the “Technical data” section of this document. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 451: Option Cards

    1 V. All digital inputs are scannced in 5 ms program cycles, and their pick-up and release delays as well as their NO/NC selection can be set with software. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 452 (NC) defines whether or not the digital input is considered activated when the digital input channel is energized. The diagram below depicts the digital input states when the input channels are energized and de- energized. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 453 Control → Device IO → Digital inputs → Digital input voltages . Table. 7.5.1 - 381. Digital input channel voltage measurement. Name Range Step Description DIx Voltage now 0.000...275.000 V 0.001 V Voltage measurement of a digital input channel. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 454: Digital Output Module (Optional)

    For technical details please refer to the chapter titled "Digital output module" in the "Technical data" section of this document. Digital output descriptions Option card outputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of the menus: • logic editor • matrix © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 455: Point Sensor Arc Protection Module (Optional)

    Figure. 7.5.3 - 216. Arc protection module. Table. 7.5.3 - 383. Module connections. Connector Description Light sensor channels 1…4 with positive ("+"), sensor ("S") and earth connectors. HSO2 (+, NO) Common battery positive terminal (+) for the HSOs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 456 BI1, HSO1 and HSO2 are not visible in the Binary inputs and Binary outputs menus ( Control → Device I/O ), they can only be programmed in the arc matrix menu ( Protection → Arc protection → I/O → Direct output control and HSO control ). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 457: Rtd Input Module (Optional)

    The RTD input module is an add-on module with eight (8) RTD input channels. Each input supports 2-wire, 3-wire and 4-wire RTD sensors. The sensor type can be selected with software for two groups, four channels each. The card supports Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 458: Serial Rs-232 Communication Module (Optional)

    Description • Serial-based communications • Wavelength 660 nm Serial fiber (GG/PP/ COM E • Compatible with 50/125 μm, 62.5/125 μm, 100/140 μm, and 200 μm GP/PG) Plastic-Clad Silica (PCS) fiber • Compatible with ST connectors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 459 COM F – Clock sync GND Clock synchronization input Pin 12 The option card includes two serial communication interfaces: COM E is a serial fiber interface with glass/plastic option, COM F is an RS-232 interface. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 460: Lc Or Rj45 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    • Communication port D, 100 Mbps LC fiber connector. • RJ-45 connectors COM D: • 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode (glass). • 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX • Wavelength 1300 nm. Both cards support both HSR and PRP protocols. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 461: Double St 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    For other redundancy options, please refer to the option card "LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module". The images below present two example configurations: the first displays a ring configuration (note how the third party devices are connected in a separate ring), while the second displays a multidrop configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 462 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.5.7 - 222. Example of a ring configuration. Figure. 7.5.7 - 223. Example of a multidrop configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 463: Double Rj45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    • Two Ethernet ports RJ-45 connectors • RJ-45 connectors • 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX This option card supports multidrop configurations. For other redundancy options, please refer to the option card "LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 464: Milliampere Output (Ma) I/O Module (Optional)

    Pin 1 mA OUT 1 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 2 mA OUT 1 – connector (0…24 mA) Pin 3 mA OUT 2 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 4 mA OUT 2 – connector (0…24 mA) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 465: Milliampere Input (Ma) I/O Module (Optional)

    Pin 2 mA OUT 1 – connector (0…24 mA) Pin 3 mA OUT 2 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 4 mA OUT 2 – connector (0…24 mA) Pin 5 mA OUT 3 + connector (0…24 mA) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 466: Dimensions And Installation

    (½) of the rack's width, meaning that a total of two devices can be installed to the same rack next to one another. The figures below describe the device dimensions (first figure), the device installation (second), and the panel cutout dimensions and device spacing (third). Figure. 7.6 - 228. Device dimensions. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 467 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.6 - 229. Device installation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 468 A A Q Q -T257 -T257 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.6 - 230. Panel cut-out and spacing of the devices. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 469: Technic Echnical Da Al Data Ta

    < ±0.2° (I> 0.1 A) Angle measurement inaccuracy < ±1.0° (I≤ 0.1 A) Burden (50/60 Hz) <0.1 VA Transient overreach <8 % Coarse residual current input (I01) Rated current I 1 A (configurable 0.1…10 A) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 470 Max 8mm diameter, with minimum 3,5mm screw hole NOTICE! TICE! Current measurement accuracy has been verified with 50/60 Hz. The amplitude difference is 0.2 % and the angle difference is 0.5 degrees higher at 16.67 Hz and other frequencies. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 471: Voltage Measurement

    The amplitude difference is 0.2 % and the angle difference is 0.5 degrees higher at 16.67 Hz and other frequencies. 8.1.1.3 Voltage memory Table. 8.1.1.3 - 386. Technical data for the voltage memory function. Measurement inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 472: Power And Energy Measurement

    3 VA secondary Energy measurement Frequency range 6…75 Hz 0.5% down to 1A RMS (50/60Hz) as standard Energy and power metering 0.2% down to 1A RMS (50/60Hz) option available (see the order code for inaccuracy details) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 473: Frequency Measurement

    < 20 W (no option cards) Power consumption < 40 W (maximum number of option cards) Maximum permitted interrupt time < 40 ms with 110 VDC DC ripple < 15 % Other Minimum recommended fuse rating MCB C2 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 474: Cpu Communication Ports

    Port media Copper Ethernet RJ-45 Number of ports Features IEC 61850 IEC 104 Modbus/TCP Port protocols DNP3 Telnet Data transfer rate 100 MB/s System integration Can be used for system protocols and for local programming © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 475: Cpu Digital Inputs

    8.1.2.4 CPU digital outputs Table. 8.1.2.4 - 396. Digital outputs (Normally Open) Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V (AC/DC) Continuous carry Make and carry 0.5 s 30 A Make and carry 3 s 15 A © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 476: Option Cards

    5…265 V (AC/DC) Current drain 2 mA Scanning rate 5 ms Activation/release delay 5...11 ms Settings Pick-up threshold Software settable: 16…200 V, setting step 1 V Release threshold Software settable: 10…200 V, setting step 1 V © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 477: Digital Output Module

    Software settable: Normally On/Normally Off Terminal block connection Screw connection terminal block (standard) Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/10-ST-5,08 Spring cage terminals block (option) Phoenix Contact FKC 2,5/10-STF-5,08 Solid or stranded wire Nominal cross section 2.5 mm © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 478: Point Sensor Arc Protection Module

    Polarity Normally Off Contact material Semiconductor Table. 8.1.3.3 - 402. Binary input channel Rated values Voltage withstand 265 VDC Nominal voltage 24 VDC Pick-up threshold ≥16 VDC Release threshold ≤15 VDC Scanning rate 5 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 479: Milliampere Output Module (Ma Out & Ma In)

    Update cycle time inaccuracy Max. +20 ms above the set cycle mA input scaling range 0...4000 mA Output scaling range -1 000 000.0000…1 000 000.0000, setting step 0.0001 mA output Inaccuracy @ 0...24 mA ±0.01 mA © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 480: Milliampere Input Module (Ma Out & Ma In)

    -1 000 000.000…1 000 000.0000, setting step 0.0001 Terminal block connection Screw connection terminal block (standard) Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/10-ST-5,08 Spring cage terminals block (option) Phoenix Contact FKC 2,5/10-STF-5,08 Solid or stranded wire 2.5 mm Nominal cross section © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 481: Rtd Input Module

    Serial fiber (GG/PP/GP/PG) Serial port wavelength 660 nm Cable type 1 mm plastic fiber Terminal block connections Spring cage terminals block Phoenix Contact DFMC 1,5/ 6-STF-3,5 Solid or stranded wire Nominal cross section 1.5 mm © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 482: Double Lc 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module

    Transmitter wavelength 1260…1360 nm (nominal: 1310 nm) Receiver wavelength 1100…1600 nm Maximum distance 2 km IRIG-B Connector Screw connection terminal block Phoenix Contact MC 1,5/ 2-ST-3,5 BD:1-2 Solid or stranded wire Nominal cross section 1.5 mm © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 483: Display

    Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time: I ratio > 3 ±1.0 % or ±20 ms - Definite time: I ratio = 1.05…3 ±1.0 % or ±30 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 484: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    ±3 mA (0.005…10.0 × I - Starting I01 (1 A) - Starting I02 (0.2 A) ±1.5 %I0 or ±1.0 mA (0.005…25.0 × I - Starting I0Calc (5 A) ±1.0 %I0 or ±15 mA (0.005…4.0 × I Operating time © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 485: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    (A), I (B), I RMS phase currents Current input magnitudes TRMS phase currents Peak-to-peak phase currents Current input calculations Positive sequence current angle Voltage inputs + U0 Voltage input calculations Positive sequence voltage angle Pick-up © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 486: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)

    0.5 seconds in case the voltage drops below 1.0 V. 8.2.1.4 Directional earth fault protection (I0dir>; 67N/32N) Table. 8.2.1.4 - 414. Technical data for the directional earth fault function. Measurement inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 487 Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio > 3 <55 ms (typically 45 ms) ratio = 1.05…3 <65 ms Reset Current and voltage reset 97 % of the pick-up current and voltage setting U0/I0 angle 2.0° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 488: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)

    - IDMT minimum operating time ±20 ms Retardation time (overshoot) <5 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio > 1.05 <70 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up setting © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 489: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)

    <50 ms Reset Reset ratio 95 % of the pick-up setting Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±35 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 490: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    0.050…1800.000 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Current criteria (I ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±55 ms - DO or DI only ±15 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up current setting Reset time <50 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 491: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)

    0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±45 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms 8.2.1.9 Undervoltage protection (U<; 27) Table. 8.2.1.9 - 419. Technical data for the undervoltage function. Measurement inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 492 The low-voltage block is not in use when its pick-up setting is set to 0 %. The undervoltage function trip signal is active when the LV block is disabled and the device has no voltage injection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 493: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up voltage setting Reset time setting 0.000 … 150.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±50 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 494: Sequence Voltage Protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59Np)

    Reset ratio 97 or 103 % of the pick-up voltage setting Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±35 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 495: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)

    (peak-to peak) in order for the function to measure frequency. NOTICE! TICE! The frequency is measured two seconds after a signal is received. 8.2.1.13 Rate-of-change of frequency protection (df/dt>/<; 81R) Table. 8.2.1.13 - 423. Technical data for the rate-of-change of frequency function. Input signals © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 496: Transformer Thermal Overload Protection (Tt>; 49T)

    Table. 8.2.1.14 - 424. Technical data for the transformer thermal overload protection function. Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current input magnitudes TRMS phase currents (up to the 31 harmonic) Setting specifications © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 497: Power Protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32)

    - Active, reactive, or apparent Typically <1.0 %P power Operation time Definite time function 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s operating time setting Inaccuracy: - Definite time (P ratio ±1.0 % or ±35 ms 1.05→) Instant operation time © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 498: Underimpedance Protection (Z<; 21U)

    Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio <0.95 <45 ms Reset Reset ratio 103 %Z Reset time setting 0.010…150.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±25 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <45 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 499: Volts-Per-Hertz Overexcitation Protection (V/Hz>; 24)

    Common transformer data settings for all functions in the transformer module, the Control scale protection logic, the HMI and the I/O. Settings Transformer application nominal data Status hours counters (normal load, overload, high overload) Other features Transformer status signals Transformer data for functions Outputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 500: Resistance Temperature Detectors (Rtd)

    Measurement inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Residual current channel I (Coarse) Current inputs (CT1 and CT2 current measurement module) Residual current channel I (Fine) Calculated residual current: I (A), I (B), I © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 501: Arc Fault Protection (Iarc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50Narc) (Optional)

    3 currents (Ih%/I ). The harmonic current is calculated individually for each SIDE1/2/3 phase. 8.2.1.21 Arc fault protection (IArc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50NArc) (optional) Table. 8.2.1.21 - 431. Technical data for the arc fault protection function. Measurement inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 502: Control Functions

    Measurement inputs Voltage inputs U4 channel voltage RMS line-to-line voltages Voltage input magnitudes U4 channel RMS voltage Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs Current input magnitudes (I> blocking) RMS phase currents © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 503: Setting Group Selection

    Control mode Local Any binary signal available in the device Remote Force change overrule of local controls either from the setting tool, HMI or SCADA Operation time Reaction time <5 ms from receiving the control signal © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 504: Object Control And Monitoring

    0…200 000 operations, setting step 1 operation Inaccuracy Inaccuracy for current/operations counter: 0.1× I > I < 2 × I ±0.2 % of the measured current, rest 0.5 % - Current measurement element - Operation counter ±0.5 % of operations deducted © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 505: Indicator Object Monitoring

    Instant operation time CLPU activation and release <45 ms (measured from the trip contact) NOTICE! TICE! A single-phase current (IL1, IL2 or IL3) is enough to prolong or release the blocking during an overcurrent condition. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 506: Switch-On-To-Fault (Sotf)

    ±1.5 %U or ±30 mV Instant operation time Alarm and trip operation time: <40 ms (typically 30 ms) 50/60 Hz - (Im/Iset ratio > ±30% overreach or 1.00 °) <50 ms (typically 40 ms) 16.67 Hz © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 507: Synchrocheck (Δv/Δa/Δf; 25)

    0.10…100.00 %U , setting step 0.01 %U U live > limit U dead < limit 0.00…100.00 %U , setting step 0.01 %U NOTICE! TICE! The minimum voltage for direction and frequency solving is 20.0 %U © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 508: Monitoring Functions

    <80 ms (<50 ms in differential protection relays) 8.2.3.2 Voltage transformer supervision (60) Table. 8.2.3.2 - 442. Technical data for the voltage transformer supervision function. Measurement inputs Voltage inputs Voltage input magnitudes RMS line-to-line or line-to-neutral voltages Pick-up © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 509: Current Total Harmonic Distortion

    Residual current channel I (Fine) Current measurement channels (FFT result) up to the 31 Current input magnitudes harmonic component. Pick-up Power THD Operating modes Amplitude THD Pick-up setting for all comparators 0.10…200.00 % , setting step 0.01 % © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 510: Fault Locator (21Fl)

    0.000…5.000 s, setting step 0.001 Ω/km Inaccuracy: - Reactance ±5.0 % (typically) Operation (Triggering) Activation From the trip signal of any protection stage At least 0.040 s of stage operation time Minimum operation time required © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 511: Disturbance Recorder

    150 kHz…30 MHz EN 60255-26 Ch. 5.2, CISPR 22 Radiated emissions: 30…1 000 MHz EN 60255-26 Ch. 5.1, CISPR 11 Immunity Electrostatic discharge (ESD): Air discharge 15 kV EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-2 Contact discharge 8 kV © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 512 Storage: +70 °C, 16 h EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-2 Operational: +55 °C, 16 h Cold test Storage: –40 °C, 16 h EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-1 Operational: –20 °C, 16 h Table. 8.3 - 451. Environmental conditions. IP classes © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 513 Height: 208 mm Dimensions Width: 257 mm (½ rack) Depth: 165 mm (no cards or connectors) Weight 1.5 kg With packaging (gross) Height: 250 mm Dimensions Width: 343 mm Depth: 256 mm Weight 2.0 kg © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 514: Ordering Inf Dering Informa Ormation Tion

    External 6-channel 2 or 3 wires RTD Input module, pre- Requires an external 24 VDC AX007 configured supply. External 8-ch Thermocouple mA Input module, pre- Requires an external 24 VDC AX008 configured supply. AX013 AQ-250 series raising frame 120mm © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...
  • Page 515 Max. cable length 200 m AQ-02B Pressure and light point sensor unit (25,000 lux threshold) Max. cable length 200 m AQ-02C Pressure and light point sensor unit (50,000 lux threshold) Max. cable length 200 m © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

  • Page 516: Contact And R Ence Informa Ormation Tion

    Arcteq Relays Ltd. Visiting and postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa, Finland Contacts Phone: +358 10 3221 370 Website: arcteq.com Technical support: arcteq.com/support-login +358 10 3221 388 (EET 9:00 – 17.00) E-mail (sales): sales@arcteq.fi © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00036...

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