Melexis MLX90132 Manual

13.56mhz rfid / nfc transceiver

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User manual (20 pages)

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Features and Benefits

 Conforms with ISO/IEC 18092 (NFC)

 Conforms with ISO/IEC 14443A and B,

 Conforms with ISO/IEC 15693

 Conforms with ISO/IEC 18000-3 mode 1

 High speed communication (up to 848kbit/s)

 Standard SPI/UART interfaces

 Built-in Field and TAG detectors

Ordering Information

Part Code

MLX90132

Functional Diagram

RX1

TX1

TX2

RX2

Figure 1: MLX90132 functional diagram

Description

The MLX90132 is a 13.56MHz, fully integrated,

multi-protocol RFID/NFC transceiver IC. It has

been designed to handle sub-carrier frequencies

from 106 to 848 kHz and baud rates up to

848kbit/s.

3901090132

Rev. 009

Arrow.com.

Downloaded from

Temperature Code

R (-40°C to 105°C)

S (-20°C to 85°C)

MLX90132

microcontroller

Analog

Digital

SPI/UART

section

13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver

Application Examples

 NFC enabled car for access and start

 Combo NFC and Wireless Power Charging

solutions

 NFC applications in Industrial area (e.g. White

goods, security ...)

Package Code

LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads)

The dual driver architecture of the MLX90132

requires minimal external support components

and allows the transmitter to provide up to

300milliwatts RF power to an appropriate antenna

load. This delivered power is suitable for most

short to mid-range applications.

The

functionality to support NFC Peer to Peer passive

communication mode. Enhanced tag and field

detection capabilities provide significant power

consumption

configuration and in NFC mode.

The digital section of the MLX90132 handles the

low protocol layers from API to physical layer

using advanced bit and frame encoding/decoding

functions. It contains a digital demodulator based

on sub-carrier detection and a programmable

bit/symbol encoder/decoder. It also encodes and

decodes the start and stop bits, parity bits, extra

guard time (EGT), start and end of frame

(SOF/EOF) and CRC.

Its 528 byte buffer handles an entire RFID frame.

The SPI/UART communication ports guarantee

easy

microcontrollers.

Page 1 of 44

MLX90132

Option Code

Packing Form Code

AEA-000

MLX90132

embeds

reduction

interface

with

the

tag

emulation

RFID

reader

majority

Jan-2014

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Summary of Contents for Melexis MLX90132

Page 1 RFID reader configuration and in NFC mode. Figure 1: MLX90132 functional diagram The digital section of the MLX90132 handles the low protocol layers from API to physical layer Description using advanced bit and frame encoding/decoding functions. It contains a digital demodulator based on sub-carrier detection and a programmable The MLX90132 is a 13.56MHz, fully integrated,...
Page 2: Table Of Contents
12.5 SPI Characteristics ..........................40 12.6 Oscillator Characteristics ........................41 14 ESD Precautions ............................42 15 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes 42 16 Package Information ............................. 43 17 Disclaimer ..............................44 18 Contact Information ............................44...
Page 3: Pin And Signal Descriptions
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 1 Pin and signal descriptions The device is packaged in a 32 pin lead free QFN package. GND_DIG UART /IRQ XOUT GND_TX Exposed Pad (EXP) VDD_TX GND_RX Symbol Pin Type Description GND_dig Supply Ground (Digital)
Page 4: General Description
The transmission stage of the MLX90132 could be modulated using Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) with a modulation index between 10% and 100%. The modulation index is automatically set with the selection of the...
Page 5 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver RX Reader The reception stage of the MLX90132 is used in Reader mode to receive information from a transponder or an NFC/RFID device. This stage performs the analog demodulation using two internal diode detectors on RX1 and RX2.The information is then filtered with the appropriate bandwidth and finally digitized for further...
Page 6: Power Management And Operating Modes
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 3 Power Management and Operating modes The MLX90132 features 2 main operating modes: Idle and Active, with 6 different states of operation, as described on the table below: Mode State Description Lowest power consumption, the MLX90132 wakes-up with low...
Page 7 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver In Reader state, the MLX90132 is able to communicate with Transponder (TAG). In TAG emulation state, the MLX90132 is able to communicate with a reader by emulating a Transponder. Both states could be entered...
Page 8: Start-Up Sequence
13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 4 Start-up sequence Once powered-up, the MLX90132 waits for a low pulse on the pin IRQ_IN (greater than 10μs) before automatically selecting the external interface (SPI or UART) and entering Ready state after a delay of approximately 2ms.
Page 9: Communication Interface & Protocol
Whatever the communication protocol selected (SPI or UART), the principle of communication is always the same: The application sends a command to the MLX90132 and waits for the appropriate answer. A simple and specific set of commands allows the configuration and control of the MLX90132.
Page 10: Spi
 Read the response.  The application software should never read the MLX90132 without being sure that the MLX90132 is ready to send its response. The maximum allowed communication speed is 2Mbps. Please note that the communication speed is limited to 1.5Mbps in case of TAG emulation mode with “clock recovery”...
Page 11: Irq Mode
‘Sending’, ‘Polling’ and ‘Reading’ commands must be separated by a high level of the SPI_NSS line. For example, when the application needs to wait for data from the MLX90132, it sets to low the pin SPI_NSS and issues a ‘Polling’ command. By keeping the SPI_NSS “low”, the application can continuously read the Flags waiting for the bit indicating that the MLX90132 is ready (the flags will be automatically updated, no need to send several polling commands).Then, the application has to set high the pin SPI_NSS to finish the...
Page 12: Commands
NFC Tag Type 3 (Felica) communications 0x0D AC-Filter Activates/deactivates anti-collision filter MLX90132 replies with an Echo of 0x55 to this command. In this specific 0x55 Echo case, the command format is not respected as the data is only 0x55...
Page 13: Idn Command (0X01)
It also prepares the MLX90132 by automatically setting the HF field ON (except in TAG emulation state). The field will be automatically switched OFF either by sending a “Protocol select” command with “Field OFF”, or when the MLX90132 returns to “Idle” mode using the “Idle” command or by selecting TAG emulation.
Page 14 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols (Reader) Parameters Protocol Code Examples of commands (Reader) Byte Function Field OFF RFU, set to ‘0’ 02020000 RFU, set to ‘0’ 00 – 26kbps 01 – 52kbps 10 – 6kbps 02020101 –...
Page 15 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols (Reader) Parameters Protocol Code Examples of commands (Reader) Byte Function Transmission data rate 00 – 106kbps 01 – 212kbps 10 – 424kbps 11 – 847kbps 02020301 – ISO/IEC14443B, 106kbps transmission &...
Page 16 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols (Reader) Parameters Protocol Code Examples of commands (Reader) Byte Function Transmission data rate 00 – RFU 01 – 212kbps 10 – 424kbps 11 – RFU Reception data rate 00 – RFU 01 –...
Page 17 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols (TAG Emulation) Parameters Examples of commands Protocol Code Comments Byte Function Transmission data rate 00 – 106kbps 01 – 212kbps 10..11 - RFU 02021200 – TAG/Card emulation Reception data rate...
Page 18: Pollfield Command (0X03)
Note: When the MLX90132 is selected in reader mode (protocol select command), the HF field will be automatically turned ON and the flag “FieldDet” will be set to ‘1’ (the MLX90132 detects its own field). Consequently, the PollField command should be used in Tag/Card Emulation state or in Reader state with the HF field set OFF.
Page 19: Sendrecv Command (0X04)
Length of entire data field Data For bit oriented protocol, frames could be split by setting the bit SplitFrame to one. In this case, the MLX90132 will send the Transmission flags: ISO14443A last byte of the command with none integer number of bits, 7 –...
Page 20 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver The process of automatically calculating and adding the parity bit by the MLX90132 can be disabled by setting the bit 4 of the flags to ‘1’. In this case, the application must add one byte to the data with the most significant bit corresponding to the parity bit.
Page 21: Support Of Extended Frames
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.6.1 Support of extended frames In reader mode it is possible to receive up to 528 bytes of frame data. The extended size is included in the command code as follows: ResultCode Data byte 0...
Page 22: List Of Error Codes
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.6.2 List of Error codes The error code returned in the case of a“SendRecv” command includes the last error raised by the device in the field<ErrorCode>. But, it could also include a buffer of error if the EMD algorithm is enabled. This list of errors is stored into the dedicated buffer of maximum 8-bytes <ErrorBuf>...
Page 23: Listen Command (0X05)
When the “listen” command is executed and the option “Waits for field” is activated, the MLX90132 waits for the HF field activation and corresponding request coming from an RFID reader. If the option “Return an error if no field” is activated, the MLX90132 directly returns an error if no HF field is detected.
Page 24 Length of data Table 19: “Listen” command, possible return codes If the request from the Reader was successfully received and decoded, the MLX90132 will send data back to the application, as shown in the following table. Data format sent to the application in ‘Listen’ mode...
Page 25: Send Command (0X06)
13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.8 Send command (0x06) This command is used with the MLX90132 in TAG emulation state, to send data back to the reader. This command sends specific protocol data without waiting for an answer. Send 0x06...
Page 26: Idle Command (0X07)
This command is used to switch the MLX90132 into low-power mode. Several sub-modes or states could be selected as shown in the table below. Please note that except when an error occurs (the answer is then directly sent), the response to an Idle command is sent only when the MLX90132 exits the low-power mode. Idle0x07...
Page 27 Specifies the possible source on which to exit from idle mode, incase SLEEP WUFlags state is selected. Each bit corresponds to one wake-up source which is updated and returned when the MLX90132 leaves the Idle routine without error 4:0 – WUFlags bit4 - Low level on SPI_NSS bit3 –...
Page 28: Baudrate Command (0X0A)
This command returns the last sub-carrier frequency measured during communication. It is used to measure the data-rate for protocols ISO/IEC18092 (212,424Kbps) / NFC-F. Please note that this operation is automatically performed by the MLX90132 when configured in Tag emulation mode, ISO/IEC18092 & NFC-F. SubFreqRes0x0B Direction...
Page 29: Acfilter Command (0X0D)
If not activated, all received commands will be sent to the application. If the filter is activated, the MLX90132 will interpret the ISO/IEC14443-A commands sent by the reader and performs the anti-collision procedure. In this case, data will be sent to the external microcontroller only when the anti-collision procedure is finished.
Page 30: Modifying Internal Settings For Optimal Performances
7 Modifying internal settings for optimal performances 7.1.1 Example: How to modify the ARC_B register The internal registers of the MLX90132 are automatically set when the protocol is selected with the command Protocol select command (0x02). To get optimal performance, the internal register ARC_B containing the modulation index of the RFID request and the analog gain for the reception chain in reader mode can be modified.
Page 31: Example How To Read Back Wuflags Content
WUFlags byte (refer to Table 24) is automatically updated after the MLX90132 wakes-up from an Idle command. In SPI mode, this byte is available to read in the FIFO register. In UART mode, this byte is asynchronously sent after wake-up. In some cases, it is useful to be able to check the WUFlags separately;...
Page 32: Tag Detector
RFID transponder or an NFC device is approaching the antenna. When set in TAG detector state, the MLX90132 periodically generates a few periods (pulses) of HF carrier frequency and measures the amplitude’s field. This value is then compared to reference levels DacDataH[7:0] and DacDataL[7:0] defined by the user.
Page 33: Calibration Procedure
9 Field Detector The MLX90132 embeds a field detector block to measure the field level of an external HF RFID reader. This is used to be able to monitor the availability of the channel and perform the collision avoidance feature before switching ON the HF field.
Page 34: Electromagnetic Support (Emd)
3) In case the identified error could be assimilated as a protocol error and not to EMD During the whole EMD process, the MLX90132 is buffering the incoming errors which will be returned to the host application in case one of the conditions 2) or 3) above is reached. In this case, the error code returned will be as follows: <ErrorCode>...
Page 35 Nemd? (CRC error bit is set) Error 0x62 stored in Buffer End of Algorithm Return Flag + Data or Error code Figure 12: MLX90132 EMD Algorithm Reader/Writer ISO14443 Type A 3901090132 Page 35 of 44 Jan-2014 Rev. 009 Arrow.com. Arrow.com.
Page 36 Return code 0x80 or End of Algorithm 0xA0 or 0xC0 Return Flag + Data or Error (CRC error bit is set) code Figure 13: MLX90132 EMD Algorithm Reader/Writer ISO14443 Type B 3901090132 Page 36 of 44 Jan-2014 Rev. 009 Arrow.com.
Page 37: Application Information
RF communication performance depends on the external system antenna network and resonance conditions. The antenna matching of the MLX90132 is reduced to a minimal component count, composed of two serial capacitors Cs and one parallel capacitor Cp. A parallel resistor Rp can also be added to adjust the antenna damping thus reducing detuning effect provoked by the presence of TAGs or Readers in front of the MLX90132.
Page 38: Electrical Specifications
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 12 Electrical Specifications 12.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Value Units Supply Voltage -0.3 to 7.0 Supply Voltage -0.3 to 7.0 DD_TX Input or Output voltage relative to Ground -0.3 to VDD+0.3 Operating Temperature Range -40 to 105 C...
Page 39: Rf Characteristics
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 12.4 RF Characteristics Operating Parameters T = -40 C to 105 C (2.7 <VDD/VDD_TX<5.5V) Symbol Parameter Units Frequency of operating field (carrier frequency) 13.553 13.56 13.567 ISO/IEC14443A ISO/IEC14443B Carrier modulation ISO/IEC18092 index ISO/IEC15693 (10% modulation)
Page 40: Spi Characteristics
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 12.5 SPI Characteristics Symbol Parameter Units SPI clock frequency Input low voltage 0.3*V Input high voltage 0.7*V Output low voltage 0.4*V Output high voltage 0.7*V NSS setup time SU(NSS) NSS hold time h(NSS) Clock low time...
Page 41: Oscillator Characteristics
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 12.6 Oscillator Characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions Units Low Frequency Oscillator (LFO) Low-frequency oscillator (LFO) XTAL Oscillator XTAL Oscillator frequency 27.12 XTAL Feedback resistor MΩ Recommended load capacitance versus equivalent serial resistance of the crystal Rs = 30Ω...
Page 42: Esd Precautions
Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board.
Page 43: Package Information
MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 16 Package Information Moisture Sensitivity Level is MSL3, according as per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-20. This table in mm Type 0.80 0.00 3.00 3.00 0.35 0.20 0.18 0.20 quad 5 x 5 0.50 (Opt B) 1.00 0.05...
Page 44: Disclaimer
No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services.

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