Melexis MLX90130 Manual

13.56mhz rfid transceiver

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Features and Benefits
 Conforms with ISO/IEC 14443 A and B
 Conforms with ISO/IEC 15693
 Conforms with ISO/IEC 18000-3 mode 1
 High speed communication (up to 848kbit/s)
 Standard SPI/UART interfaces
 Built-in Field and TAG detectors
Ordering Information
Part Code
Temperature Code
MLX90130
S (-20°C to 85°C)
MLX90130
S (-20°C to 85°C)
MLX90130
R (-40°C to 105°C)
MLX90130
R (-40°C to 105°C)
Functional Diagram
MLX90130
RX1
TX1
Analog
Digital
TX2
section
section
RX2
Figure 1: MLX90130 functional diagram
Description
The MLX90130 is a 13.56MHz, fully integrated,
multi-protocol RFID transceiver IC. It has been
designed to handle sub-carrier frequencies from
106 to 848 kHz and baud rates up to 848kbit/s.
3901090130
Rev. 004
Package Code
LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads)
LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads)
LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads)
LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads)
microcontroller
SPI/UART
Page 1 of 37
13.56MHz RFID Transceiver
Application Examples
 Medical applications such as post-surgery
monitoring,
glucose
identification
 Access control readers
 Industrial automation. Monitoring of goods
during manufacturing and work-in-progress
Option Code Packing Form Code
AEA-000
AEA-000
AEA-000
AEA-000
The dual driver architecture of the MLX90130
requires minimal external support components
and allows the transmitter to provide up to 300
milliwatts RF power to an appropriate antenna
load. This delivered power is suitable for most
short to mid-range applications.
The digital section of the MLX90130 handles the
low protocol layers from API to physical layer
using advanced bit and frame encoding/decoding
functions. It contains a digital demodulator based
on sub-carrier detection and a programmable
bit/symbol encoder/decoder. It also encodes and
decodes the start and stop bits, parity bits, extra
guard time (EGT), start and end of frame
(SOF/EOF) and CRC.
Its 528 byte buffer handles an entire RFID frame.
The SPI/UART communication ports guarantee
easy
interface
with
microcontrollers.
MLX90130
metering
and
drug
RE
TU
RE
TU
the
majority
Jan-2014
of

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Summary of Contents for Melexis MLX90130

  • Page 1 Analog Digital SPI/UART section section The digital section of the MLX90130 handles the low protocol layers from API to physical layer using advanced bit and frame encoding/decoding functions. It contains a digital demodulator based Figure 1: MLX90130 functional diagram on sub-carrier detection and a programmable bit/symbol encoder/decoder.
  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    12.5 SPI Characteristics ..........................33 12.6 Oscillator Characteristics ........................34 14 ESD Precautions ............................35 15 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes 35 16 Package Information ............................. 36 17 Disclaimer ..............................37 18 Contact Information ............................37...
  • Page 3: Pin And Signal Descriptions

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 1 Pin and signal descriptions The device is packaged in a 32 pin lead free QFN package. GND_DIG UART /IRQ XOUT GND_TX Exposed Pad (EXP) VDD_TX GND_RX Symbol Pin Type Description GND_dig Supply Ground (Digital) Analog...
  • Page 4: General Description

    Modifying internal settings for optimal performances. RX Reader The reception stage of the MLX90130 is used in Reader mode to receive information from an RFID transponder. This stage performs the analog demodulation using two internal diode detectors on RX1 and RX2.
  • Page 5 CRC for each communication protocol. Interface Block The MLX90130 is addressed through SPI or UART interfaces with a specific and simple set of commands. The built-in 528 byte buffer allows minimum interaction with the application microcontroller. This reduces the burden of the microcontroller whose resources can be fully dedicated for the application.
  • Page 6: Power Management And Operating Modes

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 3 Power Management and Operating modes The MLX90130 features 2 main operating modes: Idle and Active, with 5 different states of operation, as described on the table below: Mode State Description Lowest power consumption, the MLX90130 wakes-up with low...
  • Page 7 - Low pulse IRQ_IN - Low pulse SPI_NSS - Low pulse SPI_NSS Hibernate - Timer - Timer Wake-up events: - Field detector - TAG detector - Low pulse IRQ_IN Figure 3: MLX90130 Power modes transitions 3901090130 Page 7 of 37 Jan-2014 Rev. 004...
  • Page 8: Start-Up Sequence

    13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 4 Start-up sequence Once powered-up, the MLX90130 waits for a low pulse on the pin IRQ_IN (greater than 10μs) before automatically selecting the external interface (SPI or UART) and entering Ready state after a delay of approximately 2ms.
  • Page 9: Communication Interface & Protocol

    Whatever the communication protocol selected (SPI or UART), the principle of communication is always the same: The application sends a command to the MLX90130 and waits for the appropriate answer. A simple and specific set of commands allows the configuration and control of the MLX90130.
  • Page 10: Spi

     Read the response.  The application software should never read the MLX90130 without being sure that the MLX90130 is ready to send its response. The maximum allowed communication speed is 2Mbps. A Control byte is used to specify the communication type and direction (see pictures below): –...
  • Page 11: Irq Mode

    ‘Sending’, ‘Polling’ and ‘Reading’ commands must be separated by a high level of the SPI_NSS line. For example, when the application needs to wait for data from the MLX90130, it sets to low the pin SPI_NSS and issues a ‘Polling’ command. By keeping the SPI_NSS “low”, the application can continuously read the Flags waiting for the bit indicating that the MLX90130 is ready (the flags will be automatically updated, no need to send several polling commands).
  • Page 12: Commands

    0x0A BaudRate Sets UART baud rate MLX90130 replies with an Echo of 0x55 to this command. In this specific 0x55 Echo case, the command format is not respected as the data is only 0x55...
  • Page 13: Idn Command (0X01)

    6.4 Protocol select command (0x02) The “Protocol Select” command automatically configures the internal registers of the MLX90130 for the best communication performances. It also prepares the MLX90130 by automatically setting the HF field ON. The field will be automatically switched OFF either by sending a “Protocol select”...
  • Page 14 MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols Parameters Protocol Code Examples of commands (Reader) Byte Function Field OFF RFU, set to ‘0’ 02020000 RFU, set to ‘0’ 00 – 26kbps 01 – 52kbps 10 – 6kbps 11 – RFU 02020101 –...
  • Page 15 MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols Parameters Protocol Code Examples of commands (Reader) Byte Function Transmission data rate 00 – 106kbps 01 – 212kbps 10 – 424kbps 11 – 847kbps 02020301 – ISO/IEC14443B, 106kbps transmission & reception, Frame Waiting Time Reception data rate (FWT) of 302µs, CRC automatically added...
  • Page 16: Pollfield Command (0X03)

    Note: When the MLX90130 is selected in reader mode (protocol select command), the HF field will be automatically turned ON and the flag “FieldDet” will be set to ‘1’ (the MLX90130 detects its own field). Consequently, the PollField command should be used with the HF field set OFF.
  • Page 17: Sendrecv Command (0X04)

    Table 12: Parameter values for “SendRecv” command The process of automatically calculating and adding the parity bit by the MLX90130 can be disabled by setting the bit 4 of the flags to ‘1’. In this case, the application must add one byte to the data with the most significant bit corresponding to the parity bit.
  • Page 18 MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Interpretation of <Data> field for different protocols Protocol Explanation Response example Comments Response example 80 08 0000000000 77CF 00 Result code Length of entire data field Data received from TAG 000000000077CF - this is a response on...
  • Page 19: Support Of Extended Frames

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 6.6.1 Support of extended frames In reader mode it is possible to receive up to 528 bytes of frame data. The extended size is included in the command code as follows: ResultCode Data byte 0 1 L L 0 0 0 0 0...
  • Page 20: List Of Error Codes

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 6.6.2 List of Error codes The error code returned in the case of a “SendRecv” command includes the last error raised by the device in the field <ErrorCode>. But, it could also include a buffer of error if the EMD algorithm is enabled. This list of errors is stored into the dedicated buffer of maximum 8-bytes <ErrorBuf>...
  • Page 21: Idle Command (0X07)

    This command is used to switch the MLX90130 into low-power mode. Several sub-modes or states could be selected as shown in the table below. Please note that except when an error occurs (the answer is then directly sent), the response to an Idle command is sent only when the MLX90130 exits the low-power mode. Idle 0x07...
  • Page 22 Specifies the possible source on which to exit from idle mode, in case SLEEP WUFlags state is selected. Each bit corresponds to one wake-up source which is updated and returned when the MLX90130 leaves the Idle routine without error 4:0 – WUFlags bit4 - Low level on SPI_NSS bit3 –...
  • Page 23: Baudrate Command (0X0A)

    7 Modifying internal settings for optimal performances 7.1.1 Example: How to modify the ARC_B register The internal registers of the MLX90130 are automatically set when the protocol is selected with the command Protocol select command (0x02). To get optimal performance, the internal register ARC_B containing the modulation index of the RFID request and the analog gain for the reception chain in reader mode can be modified.
  • Page 24: Example How To Read Back Wuflags Content

    WUFlags byte (refer to Table 17) is automatically updated after the MLX90130 wakes-up from an Idle command. In SPI mode, this byte is available to read in the FIFO register. In UART mode, this byte is asynchronously sent after wake-up. In some cases, it is useful to be able to check the WUFlags separately;...
  • Page 25: Tag Detector

    MLX90130 to inform the external host microcontroller that an RFID transponder is approaching the antenna. When set in TAG detector state, the MLX90130 periodically generates a few periods (pulses) of HF carrier frequency and measures the amplitude’s field. This value is then compared to reference levels DacDataH[7:0] and DacDataL[7:0] defined by the user.
  • Page 26: Calibration Procedure

    9 Field Detector The MLX90130 embeds a field detector block to measure the field level of an external HF RFID reader. This is used to be able to monitor the availability of the channel and perform the collision avoidance feature before switching ON the HF field.
  • Page 27: Electromagnetic Support (Emd)

    3) In case the identified error could be assimilated as a protocol error and not to EMD During the whole EMD process, the MLX90130 is buffering the incoming errors which will be returned to the host application in case one of the conditions 2) or 3) above is reached. In this case, the error code returned will be as follows: <ErrorCode>...
  • Page 28 0xA0 or 0xC0 received? Nemd? (CRC error bit is set) Error 0x62 stored in Buffer End of Algorithm Return Flag + Data or Error code Figure 12: MLX90130 EMD Algorithm Reader/Writer ISO14443 Type A 3901090130 Page 28 of 37 Jan-2014 Rev. 004...
  • Page 29 (reception OK) Return code 0x80 or End of Algorithm 0xA0 or 0xC0 Return Flag + Data or Error (CRC error bit is set) code Figure 13: MLX90130 EMD Algorithm Reader/Writer ISO14443 Type B 3901090130 Page 29 of 37 Jan-2014 Rev. 004...
  • Page 30: Application Information

    RF communication performance depends on the external system antenna network and resonance conditions. The antenna matching of the MLX90130 is reduced to a minimal component count, composed of two serial capacitors Cs and one parallel capacitor Cp. A parallel resistor Rp can also be added to adjust the antenna damping thus reducing detuning effect provoked by the presence of TAGs or Readers in front of the MLX90130.
  • Page 31: Electrical Specifications

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 12 Electrical Specifications 12.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Value Units Supply Voltage -0.3 to 7.0 Supply Voltage -0.3 to 7.0 DD_TX Input or Output voltage relative to Ground -0.3 to VDD+0.3 Operating Temperature Range -40 to 105 C...
  • Page 32: Rf Characteristics

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 12.4 RF Characteristics Operating Parameters T = -40 C to 105 C (2.7 < VDD/VDD_TX <5.5V) Symbol Parameter Units Frequency of operating field (carrier frequency) 13.553 13.56 13.567 ISO/IEC14443A Carrier modulation ISO/IEC14443B index ISO/IEC15693 (10% modulation)
  • Page 33: Spi Characteristics

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 12.5 SPI Characteristics Symbol Parameter Units SPI clock frequency Input low voltage 0.3*V Input high voltage 0.7*V Output low voltage 0.4*V Output high voltage 0.7*V NSS setup time SU(NSS) NSS hold time h(NSS) Clock low time...
  • Page 34: Oscillator Characteristics

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 12.6 Oscillator Characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions Units Low Frequency Oscillator (LFO) Low-frequency oscillator (LFO) XTAL Oscillator XTAL Oscillator frequency 27.12 XTAL Feedback resistor MΩ Recommended load capacitance versus equivalent serial resistance of the crystal Rs = 30Ω...
  • Page 35: Esd Precautions

    Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board.
  • Page 36: Package Information

    MLX90130 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 16 Package Information Moisture Sensitivity Level is MSL3, according as per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-20. This table in mm Type D x E 0.80 0.00 0.20 3.00 3.00 0.35 0.20 0.18 quad 5 x 5 0.50 (Opt B) 1.00...
  • Page 37: Disclaimer

    No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services.

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