Sportine Aviacija LAK-17C FES Flight Manual
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Sportine Aviacija LAK-17C FES Flight Manual

Powered sailplane with front electric self-launcher system
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Joint Stock Company "SPORTIN ˙ E AVIACIJA ir Ko"
Poci¯ u nu ˛ km., Ašmintos sen., LT-59327, Prienu ˛ raj., Lithuania
tel.:+370 319 60567 • fax:+370 319 60568 • e-mail: info@lak.lt • www.lak.lt
DOC. NO. LAK-17C-FES-AFM-00-00
SERIAL NO.
REGISTRATION
DATE OF ISSUE
It is a preliminary manual. The sailplane is not certified and has not shown
compliance with airworthiness requirements.
This sailplane is to be operated in compliance with the information and
limitations contained herein.
THIS MANUAL SHOULD ALWAYS BE KEPT ON BOARD OF THE
TYPE: LAK-17
SAILPLANE
FLIGHT MANUAL
LAK-17C FES
with Front Electric Self-launcher
MODEL: LAK-17C FES
TVIRTINU
UAB "Sportin˙ e aviacija ir Ko"
Direktorius
Powered Sailplane
system
Vytautas Mačiulis

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Summary of Contents for Sportine Aviacija LAK-17C FES

  • Page 1 319 60567 • fax:+370 319 60568 • e-mail: info@lak.lt • www.lak.lt FLIGHT MANUAL DOC. NO. LAK-17C-FES-AFM-00-00 LAK-17C FES Powered Sailplane with Front Electric Self-launcher system TYPE: LAK-17 MODEL: LAK-17C FES SERIAL NO. TVIRTINU REGISTRATION UAB "Sportin˙ e aviacija ir Ko" Direktorius DATE OF ISSUE Vytautas Mačiulis It is a preliminary manual.
  • Page 3 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Record of revisions Any revision of the present manual, except actual weighing data, must be recorded in the following table and in the case of approved Sections, endorsed by the responsible airworthiness authority. The new or amended text in the revised page will be indicated by a black vertical line in the left hand margin, and the revision number will be shown on the bottom left hand of the page.
  • Page 4 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual (continued) Revision Affected Affected Approval Date of Date of Signature Chapter Pages Approval Insertion Rev. 14/07/22 #0.2 ( ii )
  • Page 5 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual List of Effective Pages Section Page Date of Issue Section Page Date of Issue 02 10 2020 20 04 2020 (ii) 02 10 2020 Appr. 4-2 20 04 2020 (iii) 02 10 2020 Appr. 4-3 20 04 2020...
  • Page 6 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual (continued) Section Page Date of Issue Section Page Date of Issue 20 04 2020 20 04 2020 20 04 2020 20 04 2020 20 04 2020 20 04 2020 20 04 2020 20 04 2020 20 04 2020...
  • Page 7 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Table of Contents General (an non-approved section) ........
  • Page 8 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0 ( vi )
  • Page 9 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 1 GENERAL 1.1 Introduction ......1-2 1.2 Certification basis ......1-2 1.3 Warnings, cautions and notes .
  • Page 10 Introduction The sailplane flight manual has been prepared to provide pilots and instructors with information for the safe and efficient operation of the LAK-17C FES sailplane with Front Electric Self-launcher system. This manual includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by CS-22.
  • Page 11 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual capacity (inner wings – 158 ltr / 41.7 US gal, outer (18 m) wings – 30 ltr / 7.9 US gal). Without water ballast (MTOW = 455 kg), the sailplane is classified as a powered sailplane and is allowed to take-off solely by means of it’s own power.
  • Page 12 (aero tow hook). Both towing hooks are operated by the same handle. The wings incorporate forktype spar tips, joined with two pins. The T-tail (fixed stabilizer with elevator) of the LAK-17C FES provides stable and responsive pitch characteristics. The elevator hooks up automatically during assembly.
  • Page 13 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Three-view drawing Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0...
  • Page 14 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Abbreviations – calibrated airspeed means indicated airspeed of a sailplane, corrected for position (due to position of pressure ports on sailplane) and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level C.G.

  • Page 15: Table Of Contents

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 2 LIMITATIONS 2.1 Introduction ......2-2 2.2 Airspeed ....... 2-2 2.3 Airspeed indicator markings .

  • Page 16: Introduction

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Introduction Section 2 includes operation limitations, instrument markings and placards, necessary for safe operation of the LAK-17C sailplane with Front Electric Self-launcher system, it’s motor, standard systems and standard equipment. The limitations have been approved. Compliance with these limitations is mandatory.

  • Page 17: Airspeed Indicator Markings

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual IAS, km/h / (kts) Speed Remarks 18 m Manoeuvring 190 / (102) Do not make full or abrupt speed control movement above this speed, because under certain conditions the sailplane may be over stressed by full control movement Maximum flap...

  • Page 18: Power-Plant Information And Operation Limitations

    Power-plant information and operation limitations LAK-17C FES is equipped with Front Electric Self-launcher system. The use of the power-plant has some limitations which needs to be observed: • start motor in flight only at the speed range V = 80.

  • Page 19: Power-Plant

    Model ......FES-LAK-P11-100 2.4.2 Batteries LAK-17C FES has two battery packs wired in serial. Each battery pack has 14 cells, so altogether 28 cells. Nominal capacity of each cell is 40 Ah, at middle voltage 3 7 V (minimum 3 2 V, maximum 4 2 V).

  • Page 20: Mass (Weight)

    More detailed data about battery packs are described in separate FES Battery pack GEN2 with integrated BMS (Battery Management System) manual, v1.19. Mass (weight) Maximum take-off mass of the LAK-17C FES is: with water ballast: 600 kg (1322 5 lbs); without water ballast: 455 kg (1003 lbs).

  • Page 21: Manoeuvring Load Factors

    V = 160 km/h (86 kts), flaps +1, +2, L: +4.0 / 0. Flight crew LAK-17C FES is a single seat motor-glider. Load in a pilot seat must be as follows: max load in the seat: 110 kg (242 lbs);...

  • Page 22: Minimum Equipment

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 2.11 Minimum equipment As minimum equipment only the instruments and equipment specified herein and in the equipment list (see §2 of the Maintenance Manual) are admissible: • airspeed indicator, scale 50. . . 300 km/h (27. . . 162 kts), with range markings (see §2.3);...

  • Page 23: Aero Tow, Winch And Auto Tow Launching, Self-Launching

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 2.12 Aero tow, winch and auto tow launching, self-launching The maximum launch speeds are: aerotow – 160 km/h (86 kts); winch / auto-tow launch – 140 km/h (76 kts). For all of the above launching methods a weak link of 780 daN (1753 lbs) must be used in the launch cable or towrope.

  • Page 24: Limitation Placards

    Warning: 2.14 Limitation placards The following limitation placards are installed in a glider: Air speed data and loading placard in a cockpit LAK-17C FES – AIR SPEED DATA & LOADING PLACARD Speed IAS km/h kts Masses and loads Never exceed...
  • Page 25 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Nose ballast Max permitted 6.0 kg (13.2 lbs) Nose ballast limitations Reduction of the min Lead weight required: placard – located at a cockpit load by: bulkhead at the nose of the 5 kg (11 lbs) 2 kg (4.4 lbs)
  • Page 26 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0 Appr. 2-12...
  • Page 27 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3.1 Introduction ......3-2 3.2 Canopy jettison .

  • Page 28: Introduction

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Introduction Section 3 provides a checklist and explanations for coping with emergencies that may occur. Emergency situations can be minimized by proper pre-flight inspections and maintenance. Canopy jettison The following steps accomplish canopy jettison: 1. Pull the red canopy jettison handle aft to the limit of its travel.

  • Page 29: Stall Recovery

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Stall recovery Stall recovery is accomplished by easing the stick forward and picking up a dropping wing with sufficient opposite rudder. Spin recovery Apply full opposite rudder against the direction of rotation and keep the stick neutral until the rotation stops. At aft C.G. positions the glider may move temporarily to a nose up position making it necessary to apply full stick forward.

  • Page 30: Fire

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 1. Check first if you maybe unintentionally switched OFF power switch. If this actually happened, just switch Power switch ON again and adjust throttle knob. 2. If Power switch was not unintentionally switched OFF, proceed with following actions: •...

  • Page 31: Fire During Flight

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual • get out of the cockpit; • extinguish fire. 3.8.2 Fire during flight If motor fire occurs during start of motor or in flight: • stop the motor immediately; • switch OFF the “Power switch”; • open front ventilation (if not already opened);...

  • Page 32: Loss Of Electrical Power In Flight

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Loss of electrical power in flight With the motor stopped: • continue flying as a sailplane. With the motor running: • try to stop the propeller from wind milling phase with electronic brake. If successful, propeller will fold to fuselage contour automatically.

  • Page 33: Emergency Wheel Up Landing

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 3.13 Emergency wheel up landing An emergency wheel up landing is not recommended since the absorption capability of the fuselage is much smaller than that of the landing gear. If the landing gear cannot be extended the landing touchdown should be at slow speed.
  • Page 34 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0 Appr. 3-8...
  • Page 35 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES 4.1 Introduction ......4-2 4.2 Rigging and de-rigging, filling the water tanks, charging,...

  • Page 36: Introduction

    (if the batteries are fixed inside the fuselage) The following procedures are recommended for rigging and de-rigging the LAK-17C FES sailplane: 1. Clean and lubricate all pins, bushings and control connections. Inspect the pins and bushings for burrs and gouges.

  • Page 37: Filling The Water Tanks

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Lock the main wing pin handles with fixing studs. Warning: 6. Install outer wing, lock and secure. To connect left and right winglets: screw bolt M5 into the wingtip/winglet fixator and pull it out until it reaches the stop. While holding fixator in lifted position, push the winglet completely into the wing.

  • Page 38: Fes Battery Packs Charging

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 4.2.3 FES battery packs charging If motor was used for longer time during previous flight, battery packs should be recharged in order to have enough energy available if needed. Detailed instructions about charging of battery packs are described in separate FES Battery pack GEN2 with integrated BMS manual, v1.19.

  • Page 39: Daily Inspections

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual The dummy boxes installation 1. Open cover; 2. Insert first box into the fuselage and slide it back to rear position; 3. Insert second box into the fuselage and slide it to the first one; 4. Place pair of fixation plates (the same as used for the FES batteries fixation) in the middle of the rear dummy box, above carrier strap and...
  • Page 40 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual • operation of towing hook(s); • operation of water ballast system; • operation of control systems: ailerons, flaps, elevator, rudder and airbrakes (confirm that air brakes lock when closed); • operation of pilot cockpit ventilation, seat back adjustment;...

  • Page 41: Preflight Inspection

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 9. Check the right wing (same as for the left wing according to item 5). 10. Check the FES system visually, especially condition of the propeller blades. After a hard landing or if high loads have been experienced, Caution: a complete inspection according to §5.5 of the Maintenance...
  • Page 42 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 19. Switch FCU instrument ON (if motor batteries are installed). If powered flight is planned or expected: Perform FES ground test run as described below. 1. Remove propeller covers and a tail dolly; 2. Open battery compartment cover;...

  • Page 43: Normal Procedures And Recommended Speeds

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Normal procedures and recommended speeds 4.5.1 Take off Without water ballast, the sailplane is approved for take-off by sole means of its own power. Perform pre-flight inspection according to §4.4. Check: • Battery packs are connected;...

  • Page 44: Aero-Tow Launch

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual • to avoid propeller hitting the ground, keep the tail wheel on the ground until the glider is airborne; • when the speed V = 85. . . 90 km/h is reached, the sailplane will lift-off;...

  • Page 45: Winch-Launch Or Auto-Tow

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 4.5.3 Winch-launch or auto-tow Adjust trimmer to neutral. Flaps in the “+1” position without water ballast and “+2” position with water ballast. When V = 90 km/h (49 kts) is reached slowly increase the angle and gain altitude at speed V = 100.

  • Page 46: Low Speed Flight And Stalling Behavior

    flight. 4.5.6 Cruise with running motor The motor of the LAK-17C FES can be used for long continuous cruise at low power settings, or climbing at higher power settings. Before motor operation open ventilation fully (ventilation lever must be pushed fully forward).
  • Page 47 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 3. Check if there is green LED ON (left lower LED), check Voltage level (If there is no green LED or red LED is blinking motor will not run). Read FES FCU instrument manual v1.80 (for FCU software v3.06) for detailed FCU description.

  • Page 48: Approach And Landing

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Propeller positioning 1. FES installations without automatic positioning: If propeller stops in such position that pilot can see one of the blades through the canopy, just start motor again to about 3000 RPM and then stop it again. Repeat this procedure until blades are randomly positioned in suitable position.
  • Page 49 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual After landing. If motor was used during flight, take out both batteries and recharge those according to detailed charging instructions in FES Battery pack manual, v1.19. Always remove connecting cable between the packs after Caution: landing.

  • Page 50: Flight With Water Ballast

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 1. Open cover; 2. Untighten battery packs/dummy boxes fixation knobs; 3. Take the fixation plates out; 4. Firmly grip the front box by a carrier strap; 5. Lift it out of the fuselage and put it on safe place;...

  • Page 51: High Altitude Flights

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Filling of the ballast tank with pressurized water is prohibited. Warning: Always allow space for the displaced air to escape. If you want to achieve maximum climb rate performance or range under power, then drop water ballast.
  • Page 52 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0 Appr. 4-18...
  • Page 53 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 5 PERFORMANCE 5.1 Introduction ......5-2 5.2 Data approved by EASA ..... . 5-2 5.2.1...

  • Page 54: Introduction

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Introduction This Chapter provides EASA approved data for airspeed calibration, stall speeds and take-off performance and non-approved further information. The data in the charts have been computed from actual flight tests with the sailplane in good condition and using average piloting techniques.

  • Page 55: Stall Speeds

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 5.2.2 Stall speeds Stall speed in level flight, km/h (kts) Flap position without water ballast with maximum take off weight 80 (43.2) 83 (44.8) 82 (44.2) 85 (45.9) 83 (44.8) 87 (47) 84 (45.3) 90 (48.6) 85 (45.9)

  • Page 56: Flight Polar

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 5.3.3 Flight polar 5.3.4 Powered flight performance Take-off performance. The required take-off field length to reach 15 m altitude is 485 m (. . . m lift-off field length) on a smooth and hard surface at MSL.
  • Page 57 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Maximum operational altitude. To achieve maximum altitude gain you should use about 15 kW of power (not full power, as total efficiency is better at lower power settings. Maximum altitude that can be reached at a standard atmosphere conditions is: •...
  • Page 58 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0 Appr. 5-6...
  • Page 59 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE / EQUIPMENT LIST 6.1 Introduction ......6-2 6.2 Weighing procedures .

  • Page 60: Introduction

    Maintenance Manual. Weighing procedures The Weight and Balance Report for the LAK-17C FES must be calculated in accordance with the currently valid weighing data. The weighing must be established according following picture: Weighing record The result of each C.G.

  • Page 61: Empty Weight And C.g

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Empty weight and C.G. Approved in flight C.G. positions are: Parameter Approved limit, mm Foremost position of C.G. Rearmost position of C.G. Weight and balance record Empty weight of Approved C.G. location, Date the sailplane, kg...
  • Page 62 Date Signature Empty weight center of gravity of the LAK-17C FES is defined for the 18 m wing configuration, water ballast tanks empty, glider ready to fly, excluding weight of pilot and parachute. Due to flutter reasons it is not allowed to add additional masses Warning: to the fin battery or the fin battery compartment.

  • Page 63: Calculation Of C.g. Position

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual parachute (when lower as minimum cockpit load) in order to keep C.G. position within limits is fastened in fuselage nose. The 2 0 kg (4 4 lbs) of removable ballast equals a pilot weight of 5 kg (11 lbs).
  • Page 64 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual = the glider component mass, kg; = distance between glider component mass C.G. and wing root leading edge, mm; distance “–”, if mass C.G. is ahead of the wing root leading edge, distance “+” if mass C.G.

  • Page 65: Weight Of All Non-Lifting Parts

    The maximum approved take-off and landing weight is 600 kg (1322 8 lbs) for 18 m wing. Useful loads The maximum useful load of the LAK-17C FES is equal to the maximum approved take-off and landing weight minus the empty weight of the aircraft plus the weight of any added water ballast.

  • Page 66: Determining Possible Loading Of The Glider

    80 kg; Wing span: 18 m. According to the graph “Sailplane LAK-17C FES empty center of gravity” the empty weight C.G. is in permissible range. According to the “Water ballast loading table” – the max permissible wing water ballast weight is 185 kg.
  • Page 67 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 7 SAILPLANE AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION 7.1 Introduction ......7-2 7.2 Airframe construction .

  • Page 68: Introduction

    Airframe construction The LAK-17C FES is a single seat high performance sailplane with Front Electric Self-launcher system designed to meet FAI 18 m Class requirements. The wings are constructed with glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic over a plastic foam core with carbon rod spar caps.
  • Page 69 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 16. Control stick; 17. Safety harness; 18. Power Switch; 19. FES battery compartment temperature indicator (fire warning system Option 1); 20. Fire warning system test button (fire warning system Option 2); 21. Wheel brake control lever.
  • Page 70 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Figure 7.2-2 Figure 7.2-3 Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0...

  • Page 71: Flight Controls And Trim

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Flight controls and trim The ailerons and elevator are operated from the central control column (control stick). The trim adjustment control knob is located in the left armrest and controls the elevator trim select position. See Maintenance Manual §2. To set the trim, simply move the adjustment knob to the desired trim position.

  • Page 72: Flaps

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Flaps The flaps are operated by the gray control handle located on the left cockpit wall. For more information see Maintenance Manual §2. Landing gear The landing gear is extended and retracted with the gray control handle located in the right hand armrest.

  • Page 73: Water Ballast System

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual The canopy latching handles are black and are located on either side of the canopy frame. Pull the handles back to lock and push forward to un-lock. Never use the window opening to lift or lower the canopy.

  • Page 74: Seat Back Adjustment

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual 7.11 Seat back adjustment Seat back adjustment is accomplished by using the squeeze ring located on the left cockpit side. 7.12 Baggage compartment Hard objects cannot be carried in the baggage compartment without a suitably designed lashing or anchorage.

  • Page 75: Emergency Locator Transmitter

    7.20 Motor controls The LAK-17C FES motor is controlled by the FCU (FES control unit) instrument (fig. 7.20-1). The FCU instrument is designed to control and improve safety of motor use. FCU instrument must be continuously switched ON during flight.

  • Page 76: Fire Warning System

    LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Basic instrument controls and indications The FCU instrument has ON/OFF switch and throttle/brake knob. There are three LEDs showing the most important states of the system during all the operation time. Colour LCD display gives more detailed information about power, available energy and other values.
  • Page 77 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Figure 7.20-1: FES control unit instrument Option 1 Digital temperature indicator with audible and visual alarm on top of the instrument panel and a thermocouple inside the batteries compartment. Alarm will activate when the temperature is greater than 90 °C.
  • Page 78 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual The setting value are retained when power cut off. Temperature indicator will alarm when measuring temperature reach to the setting value. Testing the fire warning system. 1. Make sure that the main battery (located in the fin) is connected.
  • Page 79 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Corresponding placards Cockpit inner skin on the right, front area of baggage compartment, as detachable card. On top of FES battery compartment temperature indicator (fire warning system Option 1). Near fire warning system LED and fire warning system test button (fire warning system Option 2).
  • Page 80 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0 7-14...
  • Page 81 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 8 SAILPLANE HANDLING, CARE AND MAINTENANCE 8.1 Introduction ......8-2 8.2 Inspection periods and maintenance .
  • Page 82 Also, at least once a year the control surface displacements and adjustments must be inspected to insure conformity with factory data. See the LAK-17C FES Maintenance Manual for additional information.
  • Page 83 Protect motor and battery compartment from water entering. Take Battery packs out of the glider and store them on dry place. The external surfaces of the LAK-17C FES are finished in Note: a durable epoxy paint, however long exposure to sun and humidity will lead to premature aging of any surface finish.
  • Page 84 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Ground handling Ground towing should be accomplished using the tow release and standard double aero tow ring. Ground towing should also be accomplished with a tail dolly tow bar and wing tip wheel. bar and wing tip wheel.
  • Page 85 LAK-17C FES Flight Manual Section 9 SUPPLEMENTS THERE ARE NO SUPPLEMENTS Rev. 20/04/20 #0.0...

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