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Sportine Aviacija LAK-17A mini Sailplane Flight Manual

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Pociūnų km., Ašmintos sen., LT-59327, Prienai, Republic of Lithuania
tel.: +370 319 60567 ● fax:+370 319 60568 ● e-mail: info@lak.lt ● www.lak.lt
Type:
Model:
Variant:
Serial Number:
Registration:
Date of Issue:
Pages identified by "Appr." are approved by the European Aviation Safety Agency.
Original date of approval:
EASA TCDS No. EASA.A.083, Issue 08
This sailplane is to be operated in compliance with the regulatory information and
This Manual should always be kept on board of the sailplane
Joint Stock Company "SPORTINĖ AVIACIJA ir Ko"
FLIGHT MANUAL
LAK-17A mini Sailplane
Issue No. 1
01 July 2021
limitations contained herein.
LAK-17
LAK-17A
LAK-17A mini
_______________
_______________
_______________

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Summary of Contents for Sportine Aviacija LAK-17A mini Sailplane

  • Page 1 Joint Stock Company "SPORTINĖ AVIACIJA ir Ko" Pociūnų km., Ašmintos sen., LT-59327, Prienai, Republic of Lithuania tel.: +370 319 60567 ● fax:+370 319 60568 ● e-mail: info@lak.lt ● www.lak.lt FLIGHT MANUAL LAK-17A mini Sailplane Issue No. 1 Type: LAK-17 Model:...
  • Page 3 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 0 Record of revisions Any revision of the present manual, except actual weighing data, must be recorded in the following table and in the case of approved Chapters, endorsed by the responsible airworthiness authority. The new or amended text in the revised page will be indicated by a black vertical line in the left hand margin, and the revision number and date will be shown on the bottom left hand of the page.
  • Page 4 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Intentionally left blank Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page ii Rev. 0...
  • Page 5 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual List of effective pages Chapter Page Date of Issue Chapter Page Date of Issue 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019...
  • Page 6 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Continued Chapter Page Date of Issue Chapter Page Date of Issue 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019 02 Jul 2019...
  • Page 7 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Table of contents Chapter GENERAL (a non-approved chapter).............1 LIMITATIONS (an approved chapter)............2 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES (an approved chapter).......3 NORMAL PROCEDURES (an approved chapter)........4 PERFORMANCE (a partly approved chapter)..........5 WEIGHT AND BALANCE / EQUIPMENT LIST (a non-approved chapter)..................6 SAILPLANE AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION (a non-approved chapter)..................7 SAILPLANE HANDLING, CARE AND MAINTENANCE...
  • Page 8 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Intentionally left blank Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page vi Rev. 0...

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 1 GENERAL Table of Contents 1.1 Introduction....................1 - 2 1.2 Certification basis...................1 - 2 1.3 Warnings, cautions and notes.................1 - 2 1.4 Descriptive data....................1 - 3 1.5 Three-view drawing..................1 - 5 1.6 Abbreviations....................1 - 6 1.7 Unit conversion....................1 - 6 Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019...

  • Page 10: Introduction

    The sailplane flight manual has been prepared to provide pilots and instructors with information for the safe and efficient operation of the LAK-17A mini sailplane. This manual includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by CS-22. It also contains supplemental data supplied by the sailplane manufacturer.

  • Page 11: Descriptive Data

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Descriptive data The LAK-17A mini is a modification of the single seat high performance sailplane of FAI 15 m – 18 m class LAK-17A designed according to CS-22, category “U” specifications. It is a mid-wing powered glider with flaps, T-tail, retractable main landing gear and 82 (optionally 134) liters [21.6 (optionally 35.4) US gal] water ballast.
  • Page 12 The glider is fitted with a fin ballast tank of 8 ltr (2.11 US gal) capacity in order to adjust the optimum C.G. position. The antenna is mounted in the vertical fin. Technical data of the LAK-17A mini sailplane is shown in Table 1.4-2. Table 1.4-2 Wing span 13.5 m (44.29 ft)

  • Page 13: Three-View Drawing

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Three-view drawing 13500 6530 Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page 1-5 Rev. 0...

  • Page 14: Abbreviations

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Abbreviations calibrated airspeed means indicated airspeed of a sailplane, corrected for position (due to position of pressure ports on sailplane) and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level C.G.
  • Page 15 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 2 LIMITATIONS Table of Contents 2.1 Introduction....................2 - 2 2.2 Airspeed......................2 - 2 2.3 Airspeed indicator markings................2 - 3 2.4 Mass (weight)....................2 - 4 2.5 Center of gravity.....................2 - 5 2.6 Approved maneuvers..................2 - 5 2.7 Maneuvering load factors................2 - 5 2.8 Flight crew......................2 - 5 2.9 Kinds of operation..................2 - 6...

  • Page 16: Introduction

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Introduction Chapter 2 includes operation limitations, instrument markings and placards necessary for safe operation of the LAK-17A mini powered sailplane, its motor, standard systems and standard equipment. The limitations have been approved. Compliance with these limitations is mandatory.

  • Page 17: Airspeed Indicator Markings

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual IAS [km/h / (kts)] Speed Remarks 13.5 m Do not make full or abrupt control movement above this speed, because under Maneuvering speed 170 (92) certain conditions the sailplane may be over stressed by full control movement Maximum flap Do not exceed these...

  • Page 18: Mass (Weight)

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Table 2.3-1 IAS value or range Marking Significance [km/h / (kts)] Positive Flaps Operating Range: lower limit is 1.1 V in landing configuration at maximum weight. White arc 95...170 / (51...92) Upper limit is maximum speed permissible with flaps extended positive.

  • Page 19: Center Of Gravity

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Heavy pieces of baggage must be secured to the baggage Caution compartment floor. Center of gravity Position of C.G. in flight: front limit: 182 mm aft of wing root rib leading edge rear limit: 305 mm aft of wing root rib leading edge The sailplane may be safely operated only when loaded in the Warning range defined in the Chapter 6 of this manual.

  • Page 20: Kinds Of Operation

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Kinds of operation Flights must be conducted under Day / VFR conditions. Cloud flying is not permitted. Aerobatic maneuvers are not permitted. 2.10 Minimum equipment As minimum equipment only the instruments and equipment specified herein and in the equipment list (see Maintenance Manual Section 2) are admissible: airspeed indicator, scale 50...300 km/h (27...162 kts), with range markings (see •...

  • Page 21: Other Limitations

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Warning For winch or auto-tow launch, only the C.G. hook can be used. Warning Aero-tow launches are only allowed at the aero-tow hook. 2.12 Other limitations 2.12.1 Crosswinds The maximum demonstrated crosswind component according to the airworthiness requirements for take-off and landing is 15 km/h (8 kts).
  • Page 22 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Air speed data and loading placard in a cockpit: • LAK-17A mini – AIR SPEED DATA & LOADING PLACARD Speed IAS: km/h Masses and loads Never exceed Max mass with/without water ballast 771.6 Rough air Maximum cockpit load Manoeuvring Minimum cockpit load Aerotow...
  • Page 23 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Table of Contents 3.1 Introduction....................3 - 10 3.2 Canopy jettison.....................3 - 10 3.3 Bailing out....................3 - 10 3.4 Stall recovery....................3 - 10 3.5 Spin recovery....................3 - 11 3.6 Spiral dive recovery..................3 - 11 3.7 Recovery from unintentional cloud flying...........3 - 11 3.8 Flight with asymmetrical water ballast............3 - 11 3.9 Emergency wheel up landing...............3 - 12...
  • Page 24 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Introduction Chapter 3 provides a checklist and explanations for coping with emergencies that may occur. Emergency situations can be minimized by proper pre-flight inspections and maintenance. Canopy jettison The following steps accomplish canopy jettison: 1. Pull the red canopy jettison handle aft to the limit of its travel; 2.
  • Page 25 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Spin recovery Apply full opposite rudder against the direction of rotation and release the stick by 15-20 % from the aft position until the rotation stops. As the rotation stops centralize the controls and carefully pull out of the dive. The ailerons should be kept neutral during spin recovery.
  • Page 26 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual kts) faster than normal and after touchdown attempt to control the bank angle to avoid the heavy wing from touching the ground too early. Emergency wheel up landing An emergency wheel up landing is not recommended since the absorption capability of the fuselage is much smaller than that of the landing gear.
  • Page 27 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES Table of Contents 4.1 Introduction....................4 - 2 4.2 Rigging and de-rigging, filling the water tanks..........4 - 2 4.2.1 Rigging and de-rigging................4 - 2 4.2.2 Filling the water tanks................4 - 3 4.3 Daily inspections....................4 - 4 4.4 Pre-flight inspection..................4 - 6 4.5 Normal procedures and recommended speeds..........4 - 6 4.5.1 Aero-tow launch..................4 - 6...

  • Page 28: Introduction

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Introduction This chapter provides checklists and explanations of procedures for conducting normal operating procedures. Normal procedures associated with optional equipment can be found in Chapter 9. Rigging and de-rigging, filling the water tanks 4.2.1 Rigging and de-rigging The following procedures are recommended for rigging and de-rigging the LAK- 17A mini sailplane: 1.

  • Page 29: Filling The Water Tanks

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Warning Lock the main wing pin handles with fixing studs. 6. Install winglets and lock. 7. Install the fin batteries. 8. Slide the stabilizer onto the drive pins and look to make sure the automatic hookups for the elevator properly engage. Push the stabilizer all the way onto the drive pins.

  • Page 30: Daily Inspections

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual waterproof grease applied to the dump valve seat will help insure the valve is leak free and opens smoothly. Fin water ballast is filled through the filling opening at the top of the fin. This can be done with or without stabilizer installed.
  • Page 31 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual operation of flight instruments (especially pneumatic); • radio communication; • safety belts; • 4. Check main and tail wheel tires pressure and operation of the main wheel brake; 5. Check the left wing: upper and lower wing surfaces; •...

  • Page 32: Pre-Flight Inspection

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Pre-flight inspection 1. Main spar pins installed and locked; 2. Controls checked for operation and freedom of movement; 3. Lead or water ballast for underweight pilot installed or filled; 4. Tail dolly removed; 5. Unlock canopy jettison system if locked; 6.

  • Page 33: Winch-Launch Or Auto-Tow

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual adjust the flaps to the “+2” position and simultaneously gently push the stick forward. When aero-towing in higher turbulence, sailplane must be in the axis of the or higher than the towing plane, to facilitate the control of the flight. When aero- towing in smooth air: being on the right, left, higher or lower sides of the towing plane, does not impede the control of the sailplane.

  • Page 34: Free Flight

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Warning For winch or auto-tow launch, only the C.G. hook can be used. It is prohibited to use the aero-tow hook for winch or auto-tow Warning launches. When water tanks are partially filled, keep wings horizontal Warning before take-off to avoid uneven water distribution.

  • Page 35: Low Speed Flight And Stalling Behavior

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Speed, km/h / (kts) Flap position with maximum take-off without water ballast weight 100...150 / (54...81) 100...150 / (54...81) 110...150 / (59...81) 110...150 / (59...81) 140...220 / (75...118) 140...220 / (75...118) ≤230 / (124) ≤230 (124) 4.5.4 Low speed flight and stalling behavior The LAK-17A mini behaves normally in slow and stalled flight.

  • Page 36: Flight With Water Ballast

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual should be in aft position. Due to side-slip control force decrease or reversal is possible. There is a light tendency to “go on the nose” while braking after Caution landing, especially with heavy pilots. 4.5.6 Flight with water ballast Flight in excess of the maximum gross weight 350 kg (771.6 lbs is prohibited.

  • Page 37: High Altitude Flights

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual A filling ballast tank with pressurized water is prohibited. Warning Always allow space for the displaced air to escape. 4.5.7 High altitude flights Indicated airspeed readings are progressively under-stated of true airspeed with higher altitudes. The limitations apply to high altitude flights as indicated at the placard given in a section 2.14 of this manual.
  • Page 38 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Intentionally left blank Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page 4-12 Rev. 0 Appr.
  • Page 39 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 5 NORMAL PROCEDURES Table of Contents 5.1 Introduction....................5 - 2 5.2 Data approved by EASA................5 - 2 5.2.1 Airspeed indicator system calibration............5 - 2 5.2.2 Stall speeds....................5 - 3 5.3 Additional information...................5 - 3 5.3.1 Demonstrated crosswind components...........5 - 3 5.3.2 Glide performance.................5 - 3 5.3.3 Flight polar.....................5 - 4 Issue 1...

  • Page 40: Introduction

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Introduction This Chapter provides EASA approved data for airspeed calibration, stall speeds and take-off performance and non-approved further information. The data in the charts have been computed from actual flight tests with the sailplane in good condition and using average piloting techniques.

  • Page 41: Stall Speeds

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual TE tube – green. • 5.2.2 Stall speeds Stall speeds for different sailplane configurations are shown in Table 5.2-1. Table 5.2-1 Stall speed in level flight, km/h (kts) Flap position with maximum take-off without water ballast weight 80 (43.2) 83 (44.8)

  • Page 42: Flight Polar

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual The polar apply to a clean aircraft, motor stopped. With dirty wings or flight in rain the performance drops accordingly. 5.3.3 Flight polar Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page 5-4 Rev. 0 Appr.
  • Page 43 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE / EQUIPMENT LIST Table of Contents 6.1 Introduction....................6 - 2 6.2 Weighing procedures..................6 - 2 6.3 Weighing record.....................6 - 2 6.4 Empty weight and C.G...................6 - 3 6.5 Calculation of C.G. position................6 - 5 6.6 Weight of all non-lifting parts................6 - 7 6.7 Maximum weight...................6 - 7 6.8 Useful loads....................6 - 8...

  • Page 44: Introduction

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Introduction This Chapter contains the payload range within which the sailplane can be safely operated. Procedures for weighing the sailplane and the calculation method for establishing the permitted payload range are also provided. A comprehensive list of all equipment available for this sailplane is contained in the Maintenance Manual.

  • Page 45: Empty Weight And C.g

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Empty weight and C.G. Approved in flight C.G. positions are shown in Table 6.4-1. Table 6.4-1 Parameter Approved limit, mm In flight: Foremost position of C.G. Rearmost position of C.G. Table 6.4-2 Weight and balance record Empty weight Approved C.G.
  • Page 46 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Empty weight Approved C.G. location Date of the sailplane [mm] [kg] Date Signature Empty weight center of gravity of the LAK-17A mini is defined for the 13.5 m wing configuration, water ballast tanks empty, glider ready to fly, excluding weight of pilot and parachute.

  • Page 47: Calculation Of C.g. Position

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual SR – seat in rearmost position; SM – seat in middle position; SF – seat in foremost position. Calculation of C.G. position Center of gravity position after loading glider (additional instruments, equipment, water ballast, pilot) is defined as: ∑...
  • Page 48 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual ∑ – sum of moments of all glider components masses. ⋅X Table 6.5-1 The C.G. calculation table Moment Weight Distance X Component · X [kg] [mm] [kg · mm] Empty glider* Pilot -504 Battery in fin 4192 Battery on landing gear box Battery in fuselage (under...

  • Page 49: Weight Of All Non-Lifting Parts

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Moment Weight Distance X Component · X [kg] [mm] [kg · mm] Baggage weight ΣGG ΣGG · X * – these data for columns Weight G and Distance X should be taken from current "Weight and balance record" table (paragraph 6.4) as G = "Empty weight of the sailplane"...

  • Page 50: Useful Loads

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Useful loads The maximum useful load of the LAK-17A mini is equal to the maximum approved take-off and landing weight minus the empty weight of the aircraft plus the weight of any added water ballast. Water ballast loading table The max permissible water ballast weight [kg] is given in the following table.
  • Page 51 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual The example how to determine possible loading of the glider: Sailplane empty weight: 220 kg; Empty weight center of gravity: 510 mm; Pilot with parachute weight: 80 kg; According to the graph “Sailplane LAK-17A mini empty center of gravity”, the empty weight C.G.
  • Page 52 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Intentionally left blank Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page 6-10 Rev. 0...
  • Page 53 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 7 SAILPLANE AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION Table of Contents 7.1 Introduction....................7 - 2 7.2 Airframe construction..................7 - 2 7.3 Flight controls and trim..................7 - 4 7.4 Airbrakes and wheel brake................7 - 5 7.5 Flaps.......................7 - 5 7.6 Landing gear....................7 - 5 7.7 Tow release.....................7 - 6 7.8 Canopy operation...................7 - 6...

  • Page 54: Introduction

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Introduction This Chapter provides a description of the sailplane, its systems and provided standard equipment with instructions for use. Airframe construction The LAK-17A mini is a single seat high performance sailplane designed to meet CS-22 requirements. The wings are constructed with glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic over a plastic foam core with carbon rod spar caps.
  • Page 55 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Figure 7.2-1 Figure 7.2-2 Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page 7-3 Rev. 0...

  • Page 56: Flight Controls And Trim

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Figure 7.2-3 Flight controls and trim The ailerons and elevator are operated from the central control column (control stick). The trim adjustment control knob is located in the left armrest and controls the elevator trim select position. See Maintenance Manual Section 2.

  • Page 57: Airbrakes And Wheel Brake

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual The rudder pedals control the rudder by a cable system and are adjusted using the gray knob located in the right armrest. Pull the knob to loosen the rudder pedal lock, make the adjustment, and release the knob to lock the rudder pedals in the desired position.

  • Page 58: Tow Release

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Tow release The tow release is the yellow control knob located at the left side wall of the cockpit. Pull this control knob to open the tow release and release the knob to allow the tow coupling to snap closed and lock. Canopy operation To jettison the canopy pull the red canopy release handle firmly back and release it.

  • Page 59: Cockpit Ventilation

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual The sailplane has an independent control system for the fin tank valve - the water ballast valve control knob of the fin tank is located on the right side of the cockpit wall. To open the dump valve move the knob to the back and to close the dump valve move the knob forward.

  • Page 60: Miscellaneous Equipment

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual An air leak will adversely affect airspeed indication and other Warning instruments. Make sure the probe is fully seated in the receptacle for proper operation. See Maintenance Manual Section 2. 7.15 Miscellaneous equipment 7.15.1 Oxygen system The oxygen system (Aerox Oxygen, type C, D or M) must be operated in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer (Aerox Oxygen, type C, D or M) of the system.

  • Page 61: Acl System

    LAK-17A mini Flight Manual 7.17 ACL system The sailplane LAK-17A mini has the anti-collision lights (Further – ACL) system installed. For more detailed information about ACL systems components refer to sailplane's Maintenance Manual. System usage description The ACL system switch has 3 positions: Position "Upwards".
  • Page 62 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Corresponding placards Located near the ACL light switch. Located near the ACL system circuit breaker. Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page 7-10 Rev. 0...
  • Page 63 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 8 SAILPLANE HANDLING, CARE AND MAINTENANCE Table of Contents 8.1 Introduction....................8 - 2 8.2 Inspection periods and maintenance...............8 - 2 8.3 Alterations and repairs..................8 - 2 8.4 Tie down......................8 - 2 8.5 Sailplane trailer....................8 - 3 8.6 Ground handling.....................8 - 3 8.7 Cleaning......................8 - 3 Issue 1...
  • Page 64 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Introduction This chapter contains the manufacturer's recommended procedures for proper handling and servicing of the sailplane. It also identifies certain inspection and maintenance activities, which are needed to retain performance and dependability. Inspection periods and maintenance The Instructions for Continued Airworthiness as provided in the LAK-17A mini Maintenance Manual must be followed.
  • Page 65 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Sailplane trailer A sailplane of this quality and value should be transported and stored in a high quality enclosed trailer constructed of metal or fiber glass reinforced plastics. Proper ventilation and UV blocking characteristics should be provided. The wings should be supported as close as possible to the inner most root rib and again at a point one third from the wing tip.
  • Page 66 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Clean the Plexiglas canopy only as necessary using a soft cotton towel and clear water mixed with a small amount of mild detergent. Protect the canopy with anti- static cleaning agents which are made specifically for Plexiglas. All non-painted metal surfaces must be regularly wiped clean and protected with a light coating of grease.
  • Page 67 LAK-17A mini Flight Manual Chapter 9 SUPPLEMENTS There are no supplements Issue 1 Date: 2 July 2019 Page 9-1 Rev. 0...

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