BMW 1 Series Reference Manual page 9

In the event of a strong frontal collision, optimum dissipation of forces is achieved by
means of precisely calculated and tested load paths which absorb and distribute the
force of impact onto several of the body components.
The main focus is the development of an optimum balance between front-end deforma-
tion and passenger compartment rigidity, minimizing the forces to the vehicle occupants.
Ideally, in severe collisions this load distribution can channel forces towards the side
opposite the impact, protecting the bulkhead area and the footwell through dynamic
deformation zones at the front. The energy absorption characteristics form the basis for
maintaining the passenger compartment structure and the prerequisite for the successful
adaptation of restraint systems by means of a correspondingly low passenger compart-
ment deceleration.
In addition, an impact-optimized footrest is fitted. In the event of a frontal collision, the
footrest deforms in the area between the driver's foot and the bodyshell. This significantly
reduces how much force is transmitted to the driver's foot.
There are three additional design elements:
• Specially arranged floor components cause impact forces to be transmitted to the
side of the vehicle opposite the impact.
• The doors themselves, a reinforced B-pillar, the seats and the instrument panel
between the A-pillars provide the stability and side structure in combination with
the roof frame.
• The rear deformation zone is made up of two longitudinal sections, the luggage
compartment floor, rear trim panel, the quarter panels integrated in the side frame
and various reinforcements.
Here too, the primary objective is to maintain the protection of the passenger compart-
ment so that even in the event of an offset impacts the doors can still be opened
afterwards.
Even if the vehicle overturns, the passenger compartment safeguards the occupant
space thanks to the heavily reinforced pillars and cross members.
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E82 Complete Vehicle