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MallinCam SkyRaider DS16CTEC User Manual

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MALLINCAM
SkyRaider DS16CTEC
[Version 6.0]
Michael Burns
Rock Mallin
User
Manual
1
Volume

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Summary of Contents for MallinCam SkyRaider DS16CTEC

  • Page 1 Volume MALLINCAM SkyRaider DS16CTEC [Version 6.0] Michael Burns Rock Mallin User Manual...

  • Page 2: C1: The Mallincamsky Ds16Ctec User Manual

    Mallincam imaging cameras, this User Guide will provide a Table of Contents to allow you to quickly locate the commands and controls you need in controlling the DS16CTEC camera.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L C1: The MallincamSky DS16CTEC User Manual ............1 Introduction ......................9 The Contents of the DS16C TEC ................
  • Page 4 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L View ..........................52 Browse .............................53 Thumbnail ..........................54 Sidebar .............................54 Histogram ..........................55 Grids ............................55 No Grids ..............................
  • Page 5 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Image Scale ..........................71 Width and Height: ..........................72 Reset: ..............................72 Constrain Proportions: ........................
  • Page 6 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Zoom..........................92 Track ..........................93 Histogram ........................93 Reticle ..........................94 ST4 Test ........................
  • Page 7 C5: Installing Optional Software ................. 134 Installing MallincamSky and its Driver................135 Installing DirectShow Driver ..................137 Installing Mallincam ASCOM Driver ................138 C6: Using Third Party Software ................141 Imaging in SharpCap ..................... 141 Imaging in MaximDL ..................... 146 Sequence Generator Pro and SkyRaider DS16CCTEC ..........
  • Page 8 Electronic Assisted Astronomy vs Live Video Imaging ..........169 Electronic Assisted Astronomy ....................169 Live Video Imaging ........................169 Can the Mallincam SkyRaider Camera do EAA ................169 Process ............................. 169 Lossless File Formats used by MallincamSky ................170 FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) .................... 170 TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) .......................
  • Page 9 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Live Chat ........................182 Finished ........................182 Using OBS (Open Broadcast Software) – This is a more challenging process to initially setup ..........................

  • Page 10: Introduction

    A vacuumed sealed chamber is used to eliminate the use of desiccant material and keep dew free environment permanently. The result of this new technology, the SkyRaider DS16cTEC / DS16mTEC, is design for live visual application or video imaging. It is built to laboratory specifications, where CNC machining is used throughout to provide the rigid tolerances needed to provide precise component matching.

  • Page 11: The Contents Of The Ds16C Tec

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The Contents of the DS16C TEC Specifications:  • Convection Linear Cooling •...

  • Page 12: In The Box

    D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L In the Box The SkyRaider DS16CTEC includes the following standard equipment: • MALLINCAM SkyRaider-DS16CTEC Camera • High Precision T-mount to 2” mount Eyepiece Adapter •...

  • Page 13: Download And Install Mallincamsky

    M A N U A L  Download and Install MallincamSky Visit the following website: www.mallincam.net. Select the Support Tab, then Software Downloads. Select and download the latest required software and drivers for your system.  Ensure DS16CTEC is not connected.
  • Page 14 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The ASCOM DRIVER folders contain the ASCOM Drivers for the camera The DIRECTSHOW DRIVER folder contains the Direct Show Drivers for the camera The WINDOWS APPLICATION folder contains the camera control software.
  • Page 15 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Windows may again ask for permission to install the device software. Step 6 Click on Install to accept.

  • Page 16: Connecting The Ds16Ctec To Your Computer

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Optionally, (see Installing the DIRECTSHOW Driver for more in-depth details), Double-Click Step 9 on the DIRECTSHOW DRIVER Folder to open it up, then Double-Click on the MALLINCAMDshowSetup program and follow the instructions to install the Directshow...
  • Page 17 Now connect the 12V AC adapter to a power source and attach the other end to the camera. Attach the 5 metre USB 3.0 cable from the back of the to the SkyRaider DS16CTEC to a free USB 3.0 (or USB 2.0) port on your computer.

  • Page 18: Running Mallincamsky

    SkyRaider Camera to your computer, but the software can only control one SkyRaider Camera at a time. You can run multiple instances of MallincamSky at the same time, this way you can have one instance control one Mallincam camera and the other instance control the other Mallincam camera. ...

  • Page 19: C2: The Mallincamsky Window

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Chapter C2: The MallincamSky Window The MallincamSky Software Window is segmented into a few regions to make viewing and adjusting the SkyRaider camera easy and intuitive.

  • Page 20: Quick Work-Flow Procedures

    You can also turn On or OFF the fan via the Slider in the Cooling Tab  The Mallincam SkyRaider DS16C TEC Camera provides a processing technique called Dark Field and Flat Field Corrections (see Detailed Sections below for techniques and explanations...
  • Page 21 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Reduce Exposure Time to Align Telescope Step 4 As you will most likely use the camera to align and focus your Telescope, now is the time to reduce the Exposure Time to 1 or 2 seconds, and if not already attached to the Telescope, remove the lens cap from the SkyRaider Camera and insert the camera into the eyepiece holder of your telescope.
  • Page 22 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Adjust the Parameters Step 6 Choose a parameter from the Camera Tab on the Left Side Bar and see what you can adjust, and how it affects your image.

  • Page 23: Detailed Work-Flow Procedures

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Detailed Work-Flow Procedures Detailed Workflow of Video Imaging Planetary Objects The following instructions will guide you in setting up your SkyRaider camera for imaging Solar, Lunar, or Planetary Objects For planetary objects, the exposure setting will be very small (as the objects themselves are...
  • Page 24 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Step 3 If needed, activate the TEC from the Cooling tab to cool camera (set about 30 below ambient temperature).
  • Page 25 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L  Since you have chosen a High Resolution and a Large Bit Count, this will slow down the Frames per Second rate at which the MallincamSky can process the images (huge amounts of data moving through the system).
  • Page 26 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Set the Exposure Time Step 8 Set your exposure to a small value, say 10ms as a starting point.
  • Page 27 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L  Read the appropriate sections in the User Manual (it is great reading, if I do say so myself) to obtain more information as to what each setting does in the White Balance and Color Adjustment Tabs in MallincamSky.
  • Page 28 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Adjust the Histogram Step 11 To finely adjust the image characteristics, open up the Histogram Tab, and either enter in the Left and Right values, or Left Click, Hold and Drag the two Vertical Bars so that you are not clipping data, on either side of the window.

  • Page 29: Detailed Workflow Of Video Imaging Deep Sky Objects

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Detailed Workflow of Video Imaging Deep Sky Objects The following instruction will guide you in setting up your SkyRaider DS16C TEC camera for imaging Deep Sky Objects (DSO).
  • Page 30 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Step 3 Activate TEC from the Cooling tab to cool camera (set about 30 below ambient temperature).
  • Page 31 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Take a set of Dark fields Step 6 Due to the Large Exposure times you will be using in imaging Deep Sky Objects, the SkyRaider (in fact every camera no matter what the cost) will sometimes display noise such as, warm pixels and amp glow.
  • Page 32 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L  To start the SkyRaider DS16C TEC taking continuous exposures, Left-Click on the Loop button. Since we have chosen 30 seconds, you will notice, on the bottom of the Main Window of MallincamSky is the Exposure indicator.
  • Page 33 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Hopefully, your telescope is mostly polar aligned, and you are ready to visit your first DSO, and produce an image to impress one friends, neighbors, and spouse (so you can justify spending all of your hard-earned money on those extra pieces of equipment that you just had to have for imaging).
  • Page 34 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Image your object Step 12 Click on the Trigger Mode Radial selection button to activate Trigger Mode.
  • Page 35 30 seconds before the Dark fields are applied. M57, 20 Seconds exposure, VRC 6", F/4.5 with M57, 20 Seconds exposure, VRC 6", F/4.5 MallinCam 0.5X focal reducer, NO Dark Field with MallinCam 0.5X focal reducer, One Correction. No processing, as seen live on Single DARK FIELD CORRECTION APPLIED monitor.
  • Page 36 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Adjust the Parameters Step 14 Now is the time to adjust the White Balance and Color Adjustment (Contrast, Gamma, …) to your required preferences.
  • Page 37 You will also notice the Video Screen image size is reduced to match the “digital resolution” of the Mallincam Camera when the Digital Binning is applied. You need only increase the Zoom factor to increase the size of the window.

  • Page 38: C3: Quick Overview Of The Left Sidebar

    Camera List contains the list of attached Mallincam Cameras. If a USB 3.0 camera is attached to a USB 2.0 port, then (USB 2.0) will be appended to the name. Clicking on the camera name will activate the camera and display its image in the Video Window.
  • Page 39 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L White Balance allows you to select a region of the Video image via a and do a white balance correction by clicking on the White Balance button.
  • Page 40 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Rotate command allows you to rotate the image clockwise is four set angles: , and .
  • Page 41 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Dark Field Correction command will allow you to take and apply Dark Fields.
  • Page 42 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Sharpen control allow you to tweak the sharpening of the finer details of the Realtime video image.

  • Page 43: C4: Detailed Description Of Mallincamsky Controls

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Chapter  C4: Detailed Description of MallincamSky Controls This Chapter of the User Manual will describe in exact detail what each control on both the Top Line Menu and the Icon Toolbar does.

  • Page 44: Top Line Menu

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Top Line Menu File This Drop-Down Menu will allow you to Load and Save images, play video files that are stored on your computer, and examine recent videos or images that you have view using MallincamSky.

  • Page 45: Open Video

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L O p e n V i d e o Use the Open Video Command to open an existing video on your computer. The Open Video command is only enabled when no SkyRaider Camera is activated when MallincamSky is running.

  • Page 46: Save

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L S a v e  For Save and Save as…, we are assuming you are using the RGB format for the camera. If you are using RAW format for the camera then the saving format will only be FITS.

  • Page 47: Jpeg

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The Save As command has several important uses beyond simply saving an image to a new file name.

  • Page 48: Tiff

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L TIFF Appended Pages Determine whether the current image will be saved in multiple pages’...

  • Page 49: Batch Save

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L B a t c h S a v e … The File>Batch Save•••...

  • Page 50: Paste As New File

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Once the settings are made, Left-Click the OK button to begin the file batch save process or Cancel to cancel the File>Batch Save •••...

  • Page 51: Exit

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L  The maximum number of Recent Files can be modified by choosing the Options>Preferences•••...

  • Page 52: Edit

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Edit This Drop-Down Menu will allow you to Cut, Copy and Paste Layers over your images.

  • Page 53: Image Select

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L D e l e t e This control allows you to delete a selected file from your currently selected folder. I m a g e S e l e c t You can select a Region of Interest on your Image Tab (live or static) by using the Left-Click Hold and Drag technique.

  • Page 54: Browse

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L B r o w s e The View>Browse command from the View Menu (or the Browse Icon on the Icon Tool Bar) is used to browse images under the specified directory in the Folders Sidebar.

  • Page 55: Thumbnail

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L T h u m b n a i l The Thumbnail control opens an image tab and displays small (thumbnails) images of all your current loaded or snapshotted images you have taken during this session.

  • Page 56: Histogram

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L H i s t o g r a m Selecting the Histogram Control splits the image screen with your live image on the top half and a live Histogram on the bottom half.

  • Page 57: No Grids

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L This command will pop-up the Preferences Window. With the Grid Button selected, you can adjust the Style (No Grid, Auto Grid, and Manual Grid), Line Style (Solid, Dash, Dot, or Dash-Dot) and Color that you are interested in, and the color of the reticule.

  • Page 58: Manual Grids

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Manual Grids Choosing this control will display two small Right Arrow and Down Arrows overlaid on the top of the Vertical Ruler and on the left of the Horizontal Ruler as shown below: Use the Left-Click Hold and Drag technique to move the Down Arrow along the Horizontal...

  • Page 59: Remove All Grids

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Remove All Grids This will remove the Grid Overlay from your video/image. It will also delete your Manual Grid Lines settings (thus allowing you to create a new set of Manual Grid Lines).

  • Page 60: Pipette

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Pipette This command has future applications only in the image aspect of MallincamSky’s Window displays.

  • Page 61: Browse

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Browse This Command Tab is used to determine how MallincamSky should display the graphic files when you are viewing the Folders.

  • Page 62: Open Record Folder

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L O p e n R e c o r d F o l d e r This control will display the current Video Record Folder (the default Video Record Folder is selected thru the Options->Preference Command).

  • Page 63: Capture Image

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L C a p t u r e I m a g e During the video preview, you can always choose the Capture>Image Capture command to capture a still picture of the video image.

  • Page 64: Batch Record

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Follow instructions in User Manual on using the Record Button on Left Side Panel, to record video in Trigger Mode as this command is identical.
  • Page 65 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L In the Batch Record Tab in Options->Preferences…, chose the number of Videos to be recorded, plus the Time Interval between each Video (as you have set the duration of each...

  • Page 66: Image

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Image The Image Menu will allow you to adjust the properties of any captured still image in an active Image Tab in MallincamSky video/image window.

  • Page 67: Adjust

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L A d j u s t The Adjust menu will allow you to adjust the Brightness and Contrast of the image.

  • Page 68: Rgb

    RGB images use three channels to reproduce up to 16.7 million colors on-screen. In addition to be the default mode for new Mallincam images, the RGB mode is used by computer monitors to display colors. This means that when working in color modes other than RGB, such as CMYK, MallincamSky uses RGB mode for display on-screen.

  • Page 69: Hsi

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The HLS model is remarkably similar to the HSI color model. The main difference between them is the calculation used to produce the brightness value.

  • Page 70: Filter Color

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Filter Color Select the Image>Adjust>Filter Color command to filter out a special color channel from a color image.

  • Page 71: Detail Enhance

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Detail Enhance This filter works by identifying sharp edge boundaries in the image, such as the edge between a subject and a background of a contrasting color and increasing the image contrast in the area immediately around...

  • Page 72: Flip

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Flip This control also allows you to flip your image Horizontally or Vertically. Flip Horizontal reverses the image in the application area so that the top right corner of the original image is now the top left, and the top left corner of the original image is now the top right corner.

  • Page 73: Width And Height

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Width and Height: When choosing the Image Scale command; the dialog box displays the dimensions of the original image in pixels.
  • Page 74 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L This is because, even though we do not always think of color as being anything but color; yet every color in your image has its own brightness level.

  • Page 75: Pixels

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The Histogram Window displays the following statistical information below the Histogram: Pixels: Represents the total number of pixels used to calculate the Histogram.

  • Page 76: Process

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Process MallincamSky provides some very advance image processing tools. You can apply these tools to your image to tweak the final output.
  • Page 77 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L You can modify the color effectiveness range with the Range control to color sharpen your image.
  • Page 78 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L You can examine the image as a 3-D color contour map with the 3-D setup control You can apply the Pseudo Color application tools to turn a Black and White image into color tones...

  • Page 79: Image Stacking

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L But one cool tool that is built in to MallincamSky, is simple stacking of you video frames to produce an improved image.
  • Page 80 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L MallincamSky will Open an Image Stacking Progress Bar to inform you of the process. Once completed, the stacked image will appear in the Video/Image window.

  • Page 81: Options

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Options The Options>Preferences… Menu provides 9 Tabs, they are: Record, Batch Record, Auto Capture, File, Target, Grids, Video, Metadata and Misc.

  • Page 82: Limit

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L  The Sample: box will show a location preview of where and the chosen naming convention of the video file.

  • Page 83: Auto Capture

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L A u t o C a p t u r e The Options->Preferences…->Auto Capture tab will allow you to set the location, file format, type, interval, and number of required still images for the Auto Capture (F7) function of MallincamSky.

  • Page 84: Capture Mode

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Capture Mode: You can either choose to Capture every frame or select a Time interval between each capture.

  • Page 85: Target

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L T a r g e t The Target Tab allows you to label the target that you are currently shooting. The 10 solar system objects are set as the defaults in the pull-down list, but you may change the names of the objects, rearrange the order of the objects, add new objects, export, or import list from others from this Tab.

  • Page 86: Metadata

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L V i d e o You can overlay the Date and Time on the V I D E O Window (With a location and color of your choice).

  • Page 87: Window

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Window The menu control will close all open windows (Tabs) and it can reset the lays back to its default settings.

  • Page 88: Windows

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L W i n d o w s Choosing the Windows>Windows••• control will open a dialog box that lets you manage the currently opened windows.

  • Page 89: Mallincamsky Toolbar

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L MallincamSky Toolbar Open The Open Image command is used to open an existing image file. This command can also be used to preview an image in a preview size, or to view its statistics and information without opening the image itself.

  • Page 90: Save

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Save The Save Icon allows you to save an image (or a snapshot of the current video stream) onto your computer.

  • Page 91: Browse

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Browse The Browse Icon from the MallincamSky Tool Bar is used to browse images under the specified directory in the Folders Sidebar.

  • Page 92: Thumbnail

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Thumbnail This icon creates an image window that contains snapshots of all your current image tabs. You need only click on that image to have it open that image’s window.

  • Page 93: Batch Record

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Batch Record This icon activates the Batch Record routine in MallincamSky. You must have previously chosen the File location, File Type/Number of required Videos, and the Time Interval between each captured video from the Options->Preferences…->...

  • Page 94: Track

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Track If the video/image's actual size is larger than the video/image Window, then this control will allow you to position the actual video/image within in the video/image Window.

  • Page 95: Reticle

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Reticle MallincamSky provides four Reticles (or crosshairs) to aid in aligning your telescope to a star (or another stellar object).

  • Page 96: Stitch

    U S E R M A N U A L Stitch There are two ways to use the Stich control in Mallincam Sky. One is an automated approach, while the other allows you to manually stitch together snapshots. Automated Have the telescope and Mallincam Camera pointing to the area of the sky you are interested in stitching together.

  • Page 97: Manual

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Manual The purpose on this control is to stich (glue) together images to create a panoramic view (image) so plan ahead with this control.

  • Page 98: Panorama Straighten

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L ➢ Examine the options in this window and make the appropriate decisions on how you would like MallincamSky to Stich the snapped images together (this is where the pre- planning comes in handy).
  • Page 99 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Again, make some logical guesses with the numbers on the sliders, and Left-Click on the Finish button when decisions have been made.

  • Page 100: Preferences

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Preferences This icon opens the preferences window. This icon is identical to the Main Tab line Options- >Preferences….

  • Page 101: Customize

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Customize This control will allow you to customize what appears on the Icon Bar. Left-Click on the Customize Icon to display the Add or Remove Buttons selector.

  • Page 102: Controlling The Skyraider With Left Side Bar

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Release the mouse button, and the icon will appear where your mouse was pointing. Before: After: ...

  • Page 103: Camera List

    SkyRaider camera at the same time as your original instance of MallincamSky controls the first SkyRaider camera. Capture and Resolution The Capture and Resolution Tab allows you to adjust the resolution (the SkyRaider DS16CTEC has 4 resolutions), modify the Gain, and choose the type of Exposure Mode that you require for the camera.

  • Page 104: Resolution

    Left-Click on the Drop-Down list on the Resolution: box to see all the allowable resolutions available for your SkyRaider. The SkyRaider DS16CTEC has three resolutions: 4640 x 3506, 2304 x 1750, and 1536 x 1168.

  • Page 105: Record

    (you will now be able to see the image being recorded as the Record Button will activate the camera). When the Mallincam SkyRaider is recording, the Icon will change to a Red STOP Symbol. By Clicking on the Stop Icon, MallincamSky will terminate the Video recording process, but the video imaging is still active.

  • Page 106: Gain

    A high Gain on Deep Sky Objects makes them appear very quickly at a lower exposure time. Exposures The Mallincam SkyRaider DS16C TEC camera provides two different types of exposures. Video Mode, where exposures up to 5 seconds are taken, and Trigger Mode were exposures from 100 us to 1 hour can be taken.

  • Page 107: Exposure Target

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Exposure Target MallincamSky uses the image contained in the Green Rectangle to aid in determining the best method to match the Exposure target number.

  • Page 108: Trigger Mode

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L ➢ If you Left-Click on the Current Exposure Time Value, a window would open and you can enter in the exact exposure time you require.

  • Page 109: Options

    (which will start Looping automatically). Once you Stop recording, via the Record STOP button, Trigger Mode will automatically Stop Looping. To capture a sequence of images using the Mallincam SkyRaider DS16C TEC in Trigger Mode, there is are a series of command controls available for you.

  • Page 110: Number In Sequence

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Number in Sequence Use this control to enter in the number of images you would like MallincamSky to save to your selected folder (from the Options Command above).

  • Page 111: White Balance

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L White Balance If your colors look “off”, the White Balance button is an automated way to adjust the colors to a more natural interpretation.

  • Page 112: Saturation

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Saturation This command controls the Saturation of the Video image. Saturation increases the separation of colors on a video image.

  • Page 113: Frame Rate

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Frame Rate The speed of the through-put on the USB 3.0 port on your computer can depend on many parameters that are specific to the processes running on your computer.

  • Page 114: Rotate

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Rotate This control allows you to rotate the video image, 0 , 90 or 270 .
  • Page 115 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L When selected, a Blue Rectangle will appear over your Video Window. You can adjust it using the Left-Click-Hold and Drag technique or Left-Click-Hold and Drag to place it over a specific portion of your Video...

  • Page 116: Digital Binning

    M A N U A L Digital Binning This process allows you to increase the sensitivity of the Mallincam Camera by providing you the option of combining sensor cells together to increase the photon capture area. For example, a 2 x 2 binning will link 4 cells (in a 2 by 2 array) together so you have about 4 times the capture area than one cell.

  • Page 117: Number

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Number You now have the choice of the type of resolution and binning to use: ...

  • Page 118: Dark Field Subtraction In Digital Binning

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Dark Field subtraction in Digital Binning You must make Dark Fields with the same Digital Binning settings as you image, or else weird looking effects will occur.
  • Page 119 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L You can also directly enter the desired values in the Left or Right boxes below the Histogram chart for both Left and Right Histogram boundaries.

  • Page 120: Dark Field Correction

    Do not forget Gain and Brightness also has a role as well. Dark Field Correction What makes the Mallincam SkyRaider series of cameras unique is the built-in ability to take Dark Fields. The best explanation of what a Dark Field is came from Simon Hanmer. See Appendix for his explanation.
  • Page 121 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Start the SkyRaider DS16C TEC taking continuous exposures by Left-Clicking on the Loop button.

  • Page 122: Flat Field Correction

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Flat Field Correction Introduction: When imaging using a CCD/CMOS device, and when trying to use those images for scientific purposes, it is essential to reduce the amount of unwanted signal and unwanted noise from each image frame.
  • Page 123 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L These images are ideally taken through the telescope: ➢ at the same temperature as your nightly images ➢...

  • Page 124: Black Level

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Select up to 99 for the Quantity, then Left-Click on the Capture Button.

  • Page 125: Live Stack

    (such as Alt-Az Mount), the ability to combine images on the fly (but can also be very beneficial to all mounts). The following images captured live illustrate the advantages of Stacking: M5, a single 5 second exposure using SkyRaider DS16CTEC on 10” VRC. M5, two 5 second exposures stacked using SkyRaider DS16CTEC on 10”...
  • Page 126 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L  Live Stacking can task your CPU and USB port (plus other internal Windows OS stuff). If your computer has a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), then you can tell MallincamSky to use it via the Options>Preference>Misc control.
  • Page 127 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Now select if you would like the images Stacked (Additive) or Averaged (Average) by making a Step 2 selection in the Mode Box.

  • Page 128: Conversion Gain

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L If you told MallincamSky to stack 5 images, then when the 6 image is taken, it will keep displaying just the last 5 images stacked (the first image will be removed, this is a rolling stack).
  • Page 129 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The following images illustrate the benefits of using HCG. In both images the exposure time was the same.

  • Page 130: Cooling

     The Mallincam SkyRaider DS16C TEC comes with both a Fan, that can aid in cooling the camera when conditions are getting warm, and a TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler). The internal TEC unit is controlled with the MallincamSky software, allowing you to set the temperature.
  • Page 131 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Once activated, it will take a few minutes for the temperature inside the SkyRaider DS16CCTEC to stabilize.

  • Page 132: Sharpen

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Sharpen This control allows you to sharpen the image. Remember that being too aggressive will induce some rough edges around your images.
  • Page 133 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Give a Name that is easy to determine what the parameters in the file contain. That is, choosing a name like Eagle Nebula Dark Skies, would indicate that the parameters in the File are designed...
  • Page 134 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L  When you import a set of parameter files into your system, it will overwrite all your Preset files.

  • Page 135: C5: Installing Optional Software

     Visit the Software Downloads Page in the Support Tab located on the website: www.mallincam.net Locate the latest version from the list and Click on the Blue Click Here Button to download the Drivers and MallincamSky Software for a Windows PC.

  • Page 136: Installing Mallincamsky And Its Driver

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Double-Click on the extracted folder to open it up, revealing the main Driver and Software folder, Double-Click on this to open it up, revealing its contents.
  • Page 137 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The installation program now wants to know where you would like to install the software. Either choose your own location or select the default.

  • Page 138: Installing Directshow Driver

    DirectShow drives provide an alternative way for third party software to control most (but not  all) of the aspects of the SkyRaider camera. Look for the Mallincam name in the camera selection routines of those software packages. Open the DIRECTSHOW DRIVER folder, then locate and Double-Click on the Step 1 MALLINCAMDshowSetup File.

  • Page 139: Installing Mallincam Ascom Driver

    The final window will appear. This window just wants to inform, and have you acknowledged that the setup is completed. Step 4 Click on Finish to close the process. Installing Mallincam ASCOM Driver  You must have already installed the latest ASCOM Platform on your computer (www.ascom- standards.org).
  • Page 140 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Click on the Run Button. The following Window should now Pop-Up. Step 2 Step 3 Click on Next to Continue.
  • Page 141 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Click on Install to install the ASCOM Driver. Depending upon the version of Windows, you may Step 5 see the Following Pop-up.

  • Page 142: C6: Using Third Party Software

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Chapter C6: Using Third Party Software  Keeping in mind that the SkyRaider DS16C TEC is a video imager rather than a dedicated single shot camera, we can control the camera with other 3 party software products via the DirectShow driver or the ASCOM driver.
  • Page 143 From the Top Heading Tab, chose Cameras, then in the DirectShow Cameras, pick MALLINCAM. Once you have selected, the Mallincam Directshow Driver, SharpCap will display what the SkyRaider is imaging. The controls on the right of the screen (Exposure, Gain, Gamma, …) allow you to change the settings of the SkyRaider.
  • Page 144 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L SharpCap recognizes that the DS16CCTEC does have an extended mode for exposures that are over 5 seconds.
  • Page 145 From the Top Heading Tab, chose Cameras, then in the ASCOM Cameras, pick ASCOM Mallincam Driver. Once you have selected, the Mallincam ASCOM Driver, SharpCap will open a setup window. It is from here that you get to choose Bit Depth and Format.
  • Page 146 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The controls on the right of the screen (Exposure, Gain, Gamma, …) allow you to change the settings of the SkyRaider.

  • Page 147: Imaging In Maximdl

    Imaging in MaximDL MaximDL is an image acquisition and composition software tool. Start MaximDL Click on the Camera Control Icon Select Video DS from the Setup Camera button, and MALLINCAM as the Source.
  • Page 148 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L You will be presented with a live video window from the DS16CCTEC, just minimize this window.

  • Page 149: Sequence Generator Pro And Skyraider Ds16Cctec

    You have lots of hardware that is sometimes difficult to get it all working together. Sequence Generator pro work with ASCOM-based SkyRaider DS16CTEC. Make sure you are using the latest version of ASCOM (both the ASCOM core and ASCOM Mallincam Driver).
  • Page 150 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Select the required resolution and ensure that you are using as the format.

  • Page 151: The Skyx And The Skyraider Ds16Cctec

    SkyRaider from the list. Hit the OK button. Select Settings… from the Camera Setup drop down list. Select your Mallincam Camera from drop down list and hit OK. Select Connect from the Camera Setup drop down list (the fan on the camera should start).
  • Page 152 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The status should now say Ready as the Status: in the Setup Window. You can now close this window.

  • Page 153: C7: First Aid

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Chapter  C7: First Aid This chapter deals with issues and questions that you may have after using MallincamSky for a while or have encountered a problem that you do not know how to resolve.

  • Page 154: How Do I Automatically Save 1 Image Every 30 Seconds

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L How do I automatically save 1 image every 30 seconds? ➢...

  • Page 155: How Do I Undo An Operation

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L How do I Undo an Operation? On the SideBar, there is an Undo/Redo Tab; Just Left-Click on the Tab and it will open with a list of all the operations you have performed on your Image (not Video, you cannot undo video operations such as contrast).

  • Page 156: Upgrading My Skyraider Camera Software

    Upgrading my SkyRaider Camera Software Rock has his software engineering team always looking at improving the software to make it work better for you. Once an update is made available, you will be notified on the Mallincam Groups website: https://groups.io/g/MallinCam/topics.

  • Page 157: Uninstall Skyraider Directshow Drivers

    Once MallincamSky is uninstalled, Windows will take you back to the MALLINCAM folder This Folder may be empty, or if you have also installed the Mallincam DirectShow drivers you will see a folder named MALLINCAMDshow in the window. If you did not install the DirectShow drivers then jump to Step 3, else follow Step 2 to uninstall the DirectShow drivers.
  • Page 158 DirectShow drivers. Once the DirectShow drivers have been uninstalled, Windows will take you back to the MALLINCAM folder to show you that it is empty. If you did not install the ASCOM drivers, then jump to STEP 4.

  • Page 159: Uninstall Skyraider Ascom Drivers

    This is an especially important step as it clears out the Windows registries. Reboot your computer via the restart option. Now, if you haven’t already done so, download and install the latest version of MallincamSky, the DirectShow, and the ASCOM drives at www.mallincam.net. (note: you want the latest version) ...

  • Page 160: First Aid For The Skyraider Series

    Uninstall the current driver through the Control Panel (or if you cannot find it in the Control Panel check out the c:/PROGRAM FILES/MALLINCAM/MALLINCAMSKY folder, there is a program called uninst. Double-Click on uninst to uninstall MallincamSky and its drivers). Once uninstalled, reboot your computer, then reinstall MallincamSky again. This should fix the issue.

  • Page 161: Mallincamsky Acts Strange After Update

    U S E R M A N U A L MallincamSky acts Strange After Update Recommended Solution: Reset Mallincam Sky to Default Factory Settings Go to Preset and Click on the Load Button How do I Optimize my Computer? Recommended Solution:...

  • Page 162: Stacking Is Going Terribly Slow Or Stops Completely

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Stacking is going terribly slow or Stops completely? The reason for the slowing or freezing of the stacking process is not completely understood, but it is encountered by many processes that task the usb and video processes of computers.
  • Page 163 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Step 3 Using your mouse, Choose Task Manager from the list. This will open-up the task Manager Window.
  • Page 164 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L In the Task Manager Window locate and Right-Click on the mallincamsky.exe file and another Step 5 selection window will appear, choose Set affinity from that list.

  • Page 165: I See A Pink Floyd Kaleidoscope Effect On My Screen

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L I see a Pink Floyd Kaleidoscope effect on my Screen This effect has to do with star alignment difficulties when stacking images.

  • Page 166: Explanations

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Explanations Dark Field Explanation The following is the best explanation of what Dark Field is, and it comes from the work of Simon Hanmer.
  • Page 167 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Now, how does this work in practice – and why is it called a Dark Field correction? The Dark Field correction is prepared by the user at the beginning of an observing session by covering the camera or scope, pre-determining the exposure time and setting the software to automatically taking up to 10 images.

  • Page 168: Histogram Explanation

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Histogram Explanation A histogram is a graph that displays the distribution of brightness (luminosity) over the range from the darkest possible (left side) to the brightest possible pixel (right side).
  • Page 169 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L The Brighter our object the more to the right the bump will be located in our Histogram. So, if you increase the gain, gamma, or exposure the bump will also move to the right.

  • Page 170: Electronic Assisted Astronomy Vs Live Video Imaging

    Flat Fields, are all done live on the screen. The final image is live and can be saved, recorded, and broadcasted as needed. It is this process that the Mallincam SkyRaider cameras are designed for as their purpose, and Live Video Imaging is the objective of this User Guide.

  • Page 171: Lossless File Formats Used By Mallincamsky

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Lossless File Formats used by MallincamSky  FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) FITS is an open standard defining a digital file format for astronomical images and contains a Metadata header.

  • Page 172: An Introduction To The Stacking Algorithm

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L An Introduction to the Stacking Algorithm Historic Review In the 1970’s a major breakthrough took place in the world of imaging, the CCD was invented. This technology started slowly to replace film as the medium for taking images of the night sky.

  • Page 173: Cmos (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

    (they do work), they amplify and can do local processing. CMOS Imaging When the light hits the sensor of the Mallincam camera (remember the camera is configured as a Video camera) it is read and processed from each pixel (P). It sends all of the pixel’s data...

  • Page 174: What Is Happening When You Live Stack

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Frame Rate slider to the left (slows it down). It is this issue, of the computer software not having enough time to correctly process the information, that causes the Pink Floyd effect when Live Stacking.

  • Page 175: Additive

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L from 0 to 1, and the Status indicator is set to OK. Sometimes the computer will reject the attempted first Output (maybe not enough good stars for an alignment) and will wait for the camera to download a fresh MASTER FIELD, hopefully with better quality data.
  • Page 176 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L When a MASTER FIELD has been successfully compiled within the camera and download to the computer the Input number is incremented to 1.

  • Page 177: Setting Up To Broadcast On Liveskies

    2 monitors, which software packages am I using, and what am I trying to do this session). Remember, it is all about having fun, and time and patience are your best friends (not to mention all the guys and gals, and the Google – MallinCam site: https://groups.io/g/MallinCam/topics One of the most important decisions you will need to make with broadcasting the image of the SKYRAIDER is what Video capture software are you going to use.

  • Page 178: Obtaining A Broadcast Account

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Obtaining a Broadcast Account Visit https://liveskies.org Step 1 Step 2 Click on Sign up To Broadcast (located at top right of screen) Remember each channel name will have a unique email address Complete the Registration Form...

  • Page 179: Logging Into Liveskies

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Logging into Liveskies Visit https://liveskies.org Step 1 Step 2 Click on the red Login button on the upper right of the window. A login window will pop up Enter both your Username and Password and click on the red Login button.
  • Page 180 Clicking on the dropdown list will provide you the current DirectShow options available to you on your computer (depends upon what software you have installed). If you have installed the Directshow drivers then Mallincam will be added to the list. Directshow...

  • Page 181: This Section Explains How To Capture And Broadcast Using Either Splitcam Or Obs

    Liveskies and MallincamSky each on its own monitor, so they are available to control. Using SplitCam ( either visit Mallincam.net or splitcam.com to download Start MallincamSky and connect to your camera. Ensure MallincamSky is active on your Step 1 monitor and is not reduced.
  • Page 182 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L When Share Window is selected, a drop-down box will provide a list of currently running programs.

  • Page 183: Live Chat

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Live Chat On the right-hand side of the Liveskies window you will see a Live Chat box.

  • Page 184: Using Obs (Open Broadcast Software) - This Is A More Challenging Process To Initially Setup

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Using OBS (Open Broadcast Software) – This is a more challenging process to initially setup Step 1 Start MallincamSky and connect to your camera Start OBS...
  • Page 185 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L When the Window Capture selection appears, use the dropdown list to select MallincamSky. You will see the MallincamSky screen in OBS’s display If you have the Desktop Audio...
  • Page 186 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L settings selection This will open-up the for OBS We want to Stream the MallincamSky Window, so select Stream from the Step 6 selection on the left column.
  • Page 187 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Go back to Liveskies screen and make sure that you are not broadcasting (it will say Stopped! Step 7 beside a red Broadcast button, do not worry about Video source) We need to tell OBS (and give permission) where to send the MallincamSky’s live video...
  • Page 188 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Go back to the Liveskies Window and click on the red Copy button for the Stream Name Step 11 Go back to the OBS window and paste (ctrl-C) the location into the Stream Key box Step 12...
  • Page 189 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Comments about using OBS (or other streaming software) • There will be a delay (3 to 5 seconds) between your adjustment to the broadcast view.

  • Page 190: Viewing A Live Skies Channel

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Viewing a Live Skies Channel Logging into Liveskies Visit https://liveskies.org Below the main display window of Liveskies is a list of the currently broadcasting channels, or just click on the CHANNELS button on the top line to display currently broadcasting channels.
  • Page 191 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Enter both your Username and Password and click on the red Login button. Step 2 Liveskies You can have...

  • Page 192: To Live Chat

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L You can make the Broadcast Video Window full screen by clicking on the located on the bottom right side of the Liveskies video window (you will not be able to see the Live Chat Window), or simply by double clicking on the Video Window of the broadcast (double clicking...

  • Page 193: One Page Broadcast Summary

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L One Page Broadcast Summary...

  • Page 194: Customizing The Screen

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L Customizing the Screen You can customize what controls (and the defaults for most of the controls) you want active, by Left-Clicking anywhere in the Left Sidebar then choose the Settings choice to open-up a Preference Window that allows you to make various setting changes.

  • Page 195: Focal Reducers

    Mallincam 2-inch version. The MallinCam MFR-10 (MallinCam Focal Reducer-10) is a breakthrough in optical performance only from MallinCam. You can now have a focal reducer for your larger size (up to 28.4mm diagonal) CCD or CMOS sensor astronomical camera. The large format focal reducer has a 2"...

  • Page 196: User Notes

    M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L User Notes...
  • Page 197 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L...
  • Page 198 M A L L I N C A M S K Y D S 1 6 C T E C U S E R M A N U A L...

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