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Elpro Technologies 245U-E-G User Manual

Wireless ethernet modem
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245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem
Version 2.24
Aug 2019

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Summary of Contents for Elpro Technologies 245U-E-G

  • Page 1 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem Version 2.24 Aug 2019...
  • Page 2 This device must be operated as supplied by ELPRO Technologies. Any changes or modifications made to the device without the written consent of ELPRO Technologies may void the user’s authority to operate the device. This device must be installed by professional installers in compliance with 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart C Section 15.204 and 15.205, who will be responsible for maintaining EIRP no greater than 36 dBm in accordance...
  • Page 3 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual NOTE Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by ELPRO could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. This device should only be connected to PCs that are covered by either FCC DoC or are FCC certified. Safety Notices Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment, as a result of its actions in Docket 93-62 and OET Bulletin 65 Edition 97-01.
  • Page 4 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual equipment or systems if adequate protection against failure has not been included in the system design. Designers must include this Important Notice in operating procedures and system manuals. These products should not be used in non-industrial applications or life-support systems without first consulting ELPRO.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Modbus TCP to RTU Gateway ... . 43 Access Point Startup (245U-E-G) ..19 3.12 Serial Menu ......44 Access Point Startup (245U-E-A) .
  • Page 6 4.1 Connectivity ......77 245U-E-G Declaration of Conformity ..110 Connected Devices .

  • Page 7: Chapter 1 - Introduction

    The 245U-E-G and 245U-E-A have the same functionality, but use a different radio to communicate. The two types of radios do not communicate with each other, that is, a 245U-E-G will not communicate with a 245U-E-A or an A1. Only modules of the same type are able to communicate wirelessly with each other.

  • Page 8: Access Point Vs. Client

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 1 Network Topology Access Point vs. Client The access point unit acts as the wireless master unit. The access point accepts and authorizes links initiated by client units, and controls the wireless communications. Clients (Stations) are slave units and when connected to the access point becomes transparent Ethernet link.

  • Page 9: Bridge Vs. Router

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 4 Repeater An access point could be used as a repeater unit to connect two 245U-E clients that do not have direct reliable radio paths. There is no special repeater module—any 245U-E can be a repeater and at the same time, can be connected to an Ethernet devices or on a LAN.
  • Page 10 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 6 Bridge A router connects devices on different LANs. The IP addresses for the Ethernet and wireless sides are different. In this example, the wireless link is part of LAN A, with the client unit acting as a router between LAN A and LAN B.

  • Page 11: Getting Started Quickly

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 9 Router 1.1 Getting Started Quickly Most applications for the 245U-E require little configuration. The 245U-E has many sophisticated features, but if you do not require these features this section will enable you to configure the units quickly. To get started quickly: 1.

  • Page 12: Chapter 2 - Installation

    The maximum range achievable depends on the radio model, the regulated RF power permitted in your country, and whether you use separate transmit and receive antennas. If using a 245U-E-G (2.4 GHz) with a single antenna, 10 km (6 miles) can be achieved in USA, Canada, and Australia (4 W EIRP) and 2 km in Europe (100 mW EIRP).

  • Page 13: Antenna Diversity

    Radio Configuration” for details on configuring antenna diversity In North America, the maximum allowable radiated power (EIRP) for a 245U-E-G is 4 W, which is 10 dB higher that the modules transmit power of 400 mW. Therefore, you can increase the antenna gain as long as the overall system gain (antenna gain, coax loss) does not rise above 10 dB.

  • Page 14: Installation Tips

    The net gain of the antenna/cable configuration is determined by adding the antenna gain and the cable loss. For example, using the 245U-E-G a 10 dBi antenna (7.8 dBd) with 10 meters of Cellfoil (-5.6 dB) has a net gain of 2.2 dB (7.8 dB – 5.6 dB).

  • Page 15: Dipole And Collinear Antennas

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Dipole and Collinear Antennas A dipole or collinear antenna transmits the same amount of radio power in all directions—as such they are easy to install and use. The dipole antenna with integral 15 ft (5 m) cable does not require any additional coaxial cable.

  • Page 16: Power Supply

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual mounted as per the manufacturer’s instructions, with the parabolic grid at the back and the radiating element pointing in the direction of the transmission. Ensure that the antenna mounting bracket is well connected to ground/earth. Figure 12 Collinear Antenna 2.2 Power Supply The 245U-E module can be powered from a 9–30 Vdc power supply.

  • Page 17: Serial Connections

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual The power requirements of the 245U-E unit are shown in the following table. 245U-E-G 245U-E-A Voltage 12 Vdc 24 Vdc 12 Vdc 24 Vdc Quiescent 290 mA 150 mA 300 mA 160 mA TX @100 mW...

  • Page 18: Rs485 Serial Port

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual RS485 Serial Port The RS485 port provides for communication between the 245U-E unit and its host device using a multi-drop cable. Up to 32 devices may be connected in each multi-drop network. Because the RS485 communication medium is shared, only one of the units on the RS485 cable may send data at any a time. Therefore, communication protocols based on the RS-485 standard require some type of arbitration.
  • Page 19 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual NPN transistor devices (such as electronic proximity switches). PNP transistor devices are not suitable. Contact wetting current of approximately 5 mA is provided to maintain reliable operation of driving relays. The digital input is connected between the DIO terminal and common COM. The I/O circuit includes a LED indicator, which is green when the digital input is active, that is, when the input circuit is closed.

  • Page 20: Chapter 3 - Operation

    If the modem is configured to use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS), it will behave slightly differently than the 245U-E-G because it needs to comply with DFS regulations. When an access point starts up, it will scan all available channels from the selected groups and then select the quietest, similar to the 245U-E-G. It will then go into a scan mode for 60 seconds where it listens for any radar signals.

  • Page 21: How A Link Connection Is Lost

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual encryption scheme is configured, the LINK LED will turn on, but data cannot be passed over the wireless network. How a Link Connection is Lost The access point refreshes the link status with a client every time a message is received from that client. If nothing is received from a client for a period of 120 seconds, the access point sends a “link-check” message.

  • Page 22: Selecting A Channel

    3.1 Selecting a Channel 802.11b/g (2.4 GHz) The 245U-E-G conforms to the IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LAN specification. The 245U-E-G supports 13 x 20 MHz, 12 x 10 MHz and 13 x 5 MHz radio channels in the 2412 MHz to 2482 MHz frequency range. Channels are country or region specific.

  • Page 23: A (5 Ghz)

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual On the 20-MHz channel (green), most of the energy is transmitted within the channel but some of the energy is transmitted on the channels on either side, therefore causing interference on the these channels. The 10-MHz channels (orange) are similar, with half of the energy overlapping into the next channel, but you can configure up to 6 x non-interfering channels at the same time.

  • Page 24: Dynamic Frequency Selection

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 22 5-GHz Channels Dynamic Frequency Selection Because of the push within the 802.11a market to open up new spectrum for unlicensed radio, a mechanism called Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) was developed so that the 802.11 Wi-Fi could coexist with existing military and telecommunication radar systems.

  • Page 25: Configuring The Unit For The First Time

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time The 245U-E has a built-in Web server containing webpages for analyzing and modifying the module’s configuration. The configuration can be accessed using Microsoft Internet Explorer version 7 or greater. ®...
  • Page 26 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual NOTE Remember to set the switch back to the RUN position and restart the module at the conclusion of configuration for resumption of normal operation. 3. Power up the 245U-E module. 4. On the PC, open the Control Panel, and then open Network Settings. The following description is for Windows XP.
  • Page 27 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 24 TCP/IP Properties 8. Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected. If the PC uses a proxy server, ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the proxy server for local addresses.
  • Page 28 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 25 Main Screen 11. To resume normal configured operation when configuration is complete, switch the factory default DIP switch on the 245U-E to RUN and cycle power. NOTE Security Certificates. Configuration of the 245U-E uses an encrypted link (https). The security certificate used by the 245U-E is issued by ELPRO and matches the IP address 192.168.0.100.
  • Page 29 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 26 Dragon For example: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:12:AF:FF:FF:FF inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:256 5.

  • Page 30: Quick Start Configuration

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 10.10.0.6. 10. Switch the RUN/SETUP switch back to RUN and click Save Changes and Reset. NOTE Because the modem can be setup in various ways (such as a bridge or router) this setup will allow the modem to appear on the 10.10.0.X network.
  • Page 31 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Radio Data Rate and Channel will be set to Auto, Radio Transmit Power will be set to maximum and any previous configuration of unrelated parameters will not be modified and will still apply. 3.4 Network Configuration You can view or modify Ethernet network parameters by selecting the Network menu.
  • Page 32 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual encryption keys. The available encryption methods are as follows: • WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption is the weakest encryption method, defined by the original IEEE802.11 standard and uses a 40-bit or 104-bit key with a 24-bit initialization vector to give a 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption level.
  • Page 33 Channel (AP Only) The 245U-E-G radio channels 1 to 13 (depending on country) may be configured at the access point. See “3.1 Selecting a Channel.” The 245U-E -A radio channels can be individually set (access point only; client ignores the selection), or left on Auto (default).

  • Page 34: Spanning Tree Algorithm

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual IP Address Bridge Mode—The IP address of the 245U-E module. Both wired (Ethernet Interface) port and wireless (Wireless Interface) ports will take on this address. Router Mode—Separate IP addresses are required for each interface. IP addresses must be different.

  • Page 35: Compatibility

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 29 Spanning Tree Protocol The Spanning Tree Algorithm maintains a single path between all nodes in a network by forming a tree- like structure. The bridge priority determines where the node sits in the tree. A bridge configured with the lowest priority (0) will become the root node in the network, and will direct traffic between each of its branches.

  • Page 36: E Compatibility

    245U-E-G Sta NOTES 1 Connection only if the 245U-E-G is configured with a virtual station (client) which in turn connects to the 240U-E access point. 2 Connection indication in the Connectivity pages, but it is not a true connection (see “3 Address Mode and 4 Address Mode”...

  • Page 37: Wep (64-Bit) And (128-Bit)

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual (WPA). Figure 31 Security Menu WEP (64-bit) and (128-bit) Encryption Keys 1 to 4 These are the keys used to encrypt radio data to protect data from unwanted eavesdroppers when WEP encryption is selected. These keys should be the same for all 245U-E units in the same system. The 64-bit WEP requires 10 hexadecimal digits, and 128-bit WEP requires 26 hexadecimal digits.

  • Page 38: Open Or Shared Authentication Mode

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Open or Shared Authentication Mode WEP keys must be entered as pairs of hexadecimal digits separated by colons. Hexadecimal digits are in the range 0–9 and A–F. WEP Open Authentication Mode • Station sends an authentication request to the access point. •...

  • Page 39: Wpa Enterprise - Authenticator (Ap)

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual WPA Enterprise – Authenticator (AP) Configuration Figure 34 WPA Enterprise Authenticator RADIUS Server IP Connection information for the RADIUS authentication server. Address/Port/Shared secret Supplicant Sets the maximum time at which the Supplicant must re-authenticate. This Re-authenticate Period parameter determines maximum time a client will still have access to the network after its user credentials have been revoked.

  • Page 40: Normal Operation

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Trusted CA certificate Upload the certificate of the issuer of the RADIUS server’s certificate. This upload enables the Supplicant to verify the identity of the RADIUS server during the authentication process. Supported EAP method is PEAP / MSCHAPv2. Certificate Verification Once a certificate has been loaded, this field will contain validation result...

  • Page 41: Radio Configuration

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.9 Radio Configuration The 245U-E can be configured for different radio transmission rates. A reduction in rate increases the reliable range (transmission distance). The factory default data rate settings are suitable for the majority of applications and should only be modified by experienced users. NOTE This rate is for transmit messages only. The radio can receive on all data rates.
  • Page 42 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Channel (AP Only) The 245U-E-G radio channels 1 to 13 (depending on country) may be configured at the access point. See “3.1 Selecting a Channel.” The 245U-E -A radio channels can be individually set (access point only; client ignores the selection), or left on Auto (default).

  • Page 43: Channel Selection

    Save changes to non-volatile memory and reset module. Channel Selection 245U-E-G Modem (2.4 GHz 802.11b/g) Selection is made by picking one of the channels from the drop-down channel list. If Auto is selected the modem will select the best channel based on signal level and channel density. Channel can also be manually selected by picking the channel number from the list.

  • Page 44: Advanced Radio Configuration

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 38 5 GHz Channel Selection NOTE Some of the groups use Dynamic Frequency Selections (DFS). If using these DFS channels you need to be aware that there will be a minimum 60-second scan or monitoring that the radio must perform to check that there are no military or commercial radars using the same frequency. If a radar is detected, the radio must select another random channel and repeat the 60-second scan or monitoring.
  • Page 45 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual TX Antenna (Note: Not Select the antenna port that the module will use for transmissions: used on 245U-E-A1 or Main Port Only—Messages are transmitted from the main TX/RX port. The 245U-E-G1) auxiliary port RX is disabled. Both (Diversity)—Both ports will be used to transmit, but not at the same time. The module calculates the best port based on previous transmissions and MAC addressing.

  • Page 46: Fixed Noise Floor

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Bursting Selecting this option can increase the data throughput by reducing the overheads associated with wireless transmissions. If communicating with a device that does not support bursting, the modem will drop back to non- bursting mode.

  • Page 47: Serial Gateway (Server/Client/Multicast)

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual routing rules appropriately for devices either side of the network. • If you want the serial device visible as present on the wireless or wired network, the local IP address must be the same as the IP address set for the desired port. A process called “proxy ARP” is used to make the device visible on the network.

  • Page 48: Serial Gateway (Modbus Rtu To Tcp)

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual The serial gateway can be configured as either as server, client, multicast group, or Modbus. • Server—When configured as server, the module will wait for a TCP connection to be initiated by a remote client. •...

  • Page 49: Modbus Tcp To Rtu Gateway

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Modbus TCP to RTU Gateway The Modbus TCP to RTU gateway allows an Ethernet Modbus/TCP client (master) to communicate with a serial Modbus RTU slave. The 245U-E makes this possible by internally performing the necessary protocol conversion. The conversion is always performed by the 245U-E which is directly connected to the Modbus serial device, only this module needs to have Modbus TCP to RTU gateway enabled.

  • Page 50: Rs485 Serial Gateway Mode

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Local IP Address Select the IP address of the PPP server. The remote device may be made visible on the Ethernet or wireless networks by either utilizing proxy-arp or routing. The proxy-arp feature may be enabled by setting the local IP address the same as the Ethernet IP address or the wireless IP Address.

  • Page 51: Rs485 Modbus Tcp/Rtu Converter

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Multicast Group IP Enter a valid Multicast IP Address identifying the group. All group members Address should use the same Multicast Group IP Address. Valid multicast IP addresses are in the range 224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255. Serial Gateway Mode Modbus—Allows a serial Modbus client (master) to connect with a single Ethernet Modbus TCP server (slave).

  • Page 52: Multicast Pipe Manager

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.13 Multicast Pipe Manager Previously, it has been difficult to connect a single TCP device (such as a SCADA or DCS system) to multiple remote multicast serial devices. Multicast pipe allows this type of connection. An example would be a SCADA system that needs to communicate with multiple remote serial devices.

  • Page 53: Modbus I/O Transfer

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.14 Digital Input/Output The functionality of the shared Digital Input/Output pin may be configured via the Transfer webpage. As this pin is shared, the digital input status will be On when the digital output is set to On. The Digital I/O channel can be transferred to/from another device using Modbus (see “3.15 Modbus I/O Transfer”...
  • Page 54 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 4311 TCP-RTU number of connections (RS485). 4312 TCP-RTU number of connections (Modbus server). 4320 On-board digital output value (read/write). 4370 On-board digital input inverted value (read only). 4371 Link status (read only) inverted. 4372 Serial gateway connection status (RS232) inverted.
  • Page 55 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual should be taken to ensure that the device ID (Modbus address) of the serial device is different than the device ID of the onboard Modbus TCP server of the 245U-E to which the serial device is connected. The 245U-E provides a configurable option to automatically reset the value of the onboard I/O registers to zero in the event of a communications failure.
  • Page 56 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual mappings directed at any server. The “Reset Registers on Comms Fail” option is enabled with a timeout of 60 seconds, indicating that any of the registers at unit B will be reset if a successful Modbus transaction involving that register has not been executed in the last 60 seconds.

  • Page 57: Roaming

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Enable Modbus Enables the Modbus diagnostic registers, as shown in “4.9 Internal Diagnostics Statistics Modbus Registers.” Disabling this option will free up the registers and also slightly increase processing resources. Log background Noise RSSI and BGND on RX messages are made available in the diagnostic registers See “4.9 Internal Diagnostics Modbus Registers”...
  • Page 58 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 49 Roaming The following settings/thresholds can be configured to fine tune the fast roaming process. Fast Roaming Fast roaming allows a client (station) to roam to an access point with a stronger signal strength without disrupting communications, or roam seamlessly between multiple access points based on configuration parameters, such as RSSI threshold.

  • Page 59: Repeaters (Wds)

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual recommended that the scan list be used to limit the number of channels the client needs to scan, thus reducing the overall scan time. During the background scan, a client will scan all of the channels in the scan list to identify better access points.
  • Page 60 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual A WDS bridge interface allows traffic to be bridged to another access point on the same IP network. WDS bridge interfaces do not require additional IP address configuration because they are bridged with the standard wireless interface that is used for connections to associated clients.
  • Page 61 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual • Point-to-Point mode virtual modules provide static connections (based on MAC addresses), and cannot support WPA encryption. Point-to point virtual modules should only be used for establishing WDS connections with third party access points that do not support standard WDS operation. WDS Connections The WDS Configuration page is accessible from the Repeaters link on any of the configuration webpages.
  • Page 62 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Example 1: Extending Range Using WDS Figure 52 Extending Range One of the most common uses for WDS is to extend the range of the wireless network using repeaters. Figure 52 illustrates a simple example where the four access points are all at fixed locations (each of the access points could, have one or more client/stations connected).
  • Page 63 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Example 2: Roaming with WDS Access Points Figure 54 WDS Roaming Another common use for WDS is extending the range across a large wireless network but allowing roaming connections between access points or being able to switch to the next access point when out of range of the previous access point.
  • Page 64 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 56 WDS Redundancy Sites A, B, C, and D can all exchange data with each other (as can all of their stations) as if they were all on the same wired segment. Notice that there are redundant paths, and therefore the possibility for loops to occur.
  • Page 65 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 58 Site A and D WDS Configuration Encryption levels and key above are shows as being different, but they can be the same as in some of the earlier examples. One reason why the encryption level and key would be different is that the access point may have clients that communicate using a different encryption method (such as 128-bit WEP) and may not support the same encryption method.
  • Page 66 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 60 Site B WDS Connections • The first entry configures a virtual WDS client connection from Site B to the access point at Site A. The SSID is the same as Site A and the router IP address is 192.168.0.3, which is on the same subnet. Encryption is not inherited from the main page.

  • Page 67: Routing

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 62 Gateway Address 3.18 Routing When a 245U-E receives an IP frame that is destined for an IP address on a different network, it checks if the network address matches the network address of one of its own interfaces (hard-wired Ethernet, or wireless Ethernet, or WDS) and forwards the frame appropriately.

  • Page 68: Filtering

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual each device on LAN A that needs to communicate with LANs B and C to have independent routing rules specifying the 245U-E clients at B and C as gateways to those networks. The routing rules for the access point in the Figure 63 are shown in Figure 64. The first entry shows the route to LAN B.
  • Page 69 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual The 245U-E may be configured to reject or accept messages to and from certain addresses. To accept wireless messages from particular devices a “whitelist” of addresses must be made. Alternatively, to reject messages from particular devices, a “blacklist” of addresses must be made. Filtering applies only to messages appearing at the wired Ethernet port of the configured 245U-E.

  • Page 70: Mac Address Filter Configuration

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual With this filtering, device A will be not be able to access device E, because device A is not present in the whitelist in modem C. If radio links are chained together to form a radio backbone, it is also important to consider the operation of the Layer 3 Transparent Bridge (refer “3.8 Normal Operation”).

  • Page 71: Ip Address Filter Configuration

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual IP Address Filter Configuration The IP filter can be used to permit or deny network access to specific devices through the use of blacklists (blocking of traffic that matches a rule) and whitelists (allowing traffic that matches a rule). The IP filter entry will match either source or destination address in the packet.

  • Page 72: Dhcp Client Configuration

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Select “Blacklist” or A blacklist will block ARP requests that match the entry. A whitelist will allow “Whitelist” only ARP requests that match the entry. All other devices are blocked. Add Entry Add a row to the table of ARP address filter rules. Delete Entry Delete the currently selected ARP address filter rule.

  • Page 73: Vlan

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Configuration.” DNS is the system that translates Internet names (such as www.Elpro.com/wireless) to IP addresses. The ELPRO 245U-E can act as a DNS server for a local network. Name to IP address mapping is automatically updated by the built-in DHCP server when it issues an IP address to a client unit.

  • Page 74: Operation

    245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Enabling VLANs will allow the module to facilitate a number of possible VLAN topologies, such as: • Segregating a wireless network into multiple virtual networks. • Functioning as the wireless backbone on a VLAN trunk. •...
  • Page 75 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 68 VLAN Aware NOTE Leaving the default Management VLAN is advised, as it will ensure that the module is accessible through any interface. VLAN Group Enabling VLAN Aware on the module will require one or more configurable VLAN groups. A maximum of up to 10 VLAN groups can be supported. Each VLAN group will contain the following configurable parameters and associated functionality.
  • Page 76 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Management IP The management IP is the address of the module if only one VLAN group is configured. Access to the module’s internal Web-based configuration and IP-based functions (such as serial gateway, or Modbus server) is provided via this management IP address and subnet mask.
  • Page 77 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 69 VLAN Example 1 The module configuration below shows there are two VLAN groups configured. The first group is used for management of the module and ensures a connection is maintained for configuration and diagnostics from untagged devices on the VLAN trunk.
  • Page 78 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 71 VLAN Example 2 The module is configured with three wireless interfaces. The first one is the normal wireless interface found on the Network page (wi0), the second (wi1) and third (wi2) are virtual interfaces created on the Repeaters page.
  • Page 79 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 72 Example 2 Configuration The other VLAN groups each have an Ethernet and a wireless interface configured. All Ethernet interfaces are tagged because they are all connected to a VLAN network. Each wireless interface is configured as untagged to allow connection from untagged devices.
  • Page 80 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 73 VLAN Encryption. VLAN groups 3 and 4 are similarly bridging their wireless interfaces, but they are using virtual modules that are configured on the Repeaters page. WDS repeater #1 and WDS repeater #2 are being bridged to VLAN ID 20 and VLAN ID 30 respectively.
  • Page 81 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 3.24 Module Information Module Information Webpage Fields This configuration page is primarily for information purposes. With the exception of the password, the information entered here is displayed on the Home configuration webpage of the 245U-E. Username The username used to access the configuration on the 245U-E.
  • Page 82 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Extending a Wired Network Figure 75 Example Configuration 1 Access Point Configuration 1. Connect a straight-through Ethernet cable between the PC and the 245U-E. 2. Ensure that the configuration of the PC and 245U-E are setup to communicate on the same network. 3.
  • Page 83 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Client 1 Configuration Perform the same configuration steps as the access point configuration with the following differences: 1. Set the Ethernet and Wireless IP addresses of 245U-E to 192.168.0.201. 2. Set the Operating Mode to “Client.” 3.
  • Page 84 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 5. Adjust the PC network settings. 6. Set the Configuration PC network card with the network setting of IP address 192.168.0.1, and netmask 255.255.255.0. 7. Open the Configuration webpage within Internet Explorer at address https://192.168.0.1XX/. 8.
  • Page 85 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 77 Example Repeaters www.elpro.com.au Rev Version 2.24...
  • Page 86 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Chapter 4 - DIAGNOSTICS 4.0 Diagnostics Chart LED Indicator Condition Meaning Green Normal operation. Red Continuously Supply voltage too low or internal module fault. Red At Power On Boot loader delay at startup. Fast Flash Red / Green Module boot sequence.
  • Page 87 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 4.1 Connectivity The Connectivity webpage displays connections and available networks. The “Connected Devices” section displays the radio channel, received signal strength, and radio data rate for each client or access point by their MAC address. The readings shown are based upon the last received data message from the access point or client.
  • Page 88 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Site Survey Site Survey is a one-off snapshot showing the access points that are available for connection. This list is only available on clients, and only available at startup of the module or by selecting “Background Scanning” on the Radio page.
  • Page 89 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Channel Utilization on a Live System Channel utilization can be used on a live system to get an indication of how much spare capacity the channel has for additional data transfer. To identify possible interference on the current channel, observe the Percent Busy and Percent Rx on the Custom Survey page.
  • Page 90 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 80 Channel Utilization Figure 81 shows the radio receive noise floor for the last 60 seconds. Figure 81 RX Noise Floor Figure 82 shows the average Channel Utilization for each minute up to one hour. It will also give a running average for the total number of minutes up to 59 minutes.
  • Page 91 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 82 Channel Utilization Minutes Figure 83 shows the running radio receive noise floor average for each minute up to 59 minutes. Figure 83 Noise Floor Minutes The Channel Survey page also shows two other screens not shown here that indicate the percent channel utilization and noise floor in one hour intervals.
  • Page 92 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual By configuring the different chart options, you can get a clear idea of the amount of data being transmitted, received and the amount of other noise that can be heard at the radio. Configure what is to be logged on each chart, select a time interval and save changes and the charts will then be displayed below the settings.
  • Page 93 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 85 Custom Survey 2 With this sort of outside interference it is recommended to perform the same test but over a longer period so as to get a clearer indication of channel utilization. Figure 86 Channel Utilization www.elpro.com.au Rev Version 2.24...
  • Page 94 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 4.4 Throughput Test The performance of a wireless link is best measured in terms of the maximum throughput that can be achieved. The recommended method of measuring throughput is with the “Iperf” utility. Iperf has client and server functionality, where the server waits for a client connection.
  • Page 95 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 88 Throughput Test 3. Enter the IP address of the remote device that you want to test, and then click Measure Throughput. Figure 89 Iperf The specified IP address must be running Iperf in Server mode. If the remote modem does not have the Iperf server running, you will get the error message “perf error, check connectivity to server.”...
  • Page 96 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 90 Iperf Throughput The expected throughput will depend on a number of things, including the distance setting, selected channel width, and whether using the internal Iperf utility or running Iperf externally on a laptop or PC (at both ends of the link).
  • Page 97 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual “4.1 Connectivity.” For information on checking interference or noise, see “4.2 Channel Survey (Utilization).” The following table shows the drop in throughput for each hop and for each of the channel widths. Data Throughput based on Repeater Hops Hops Signal 20 MHz Channel 10 MHz Channel...
  • Page 98 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 91 Statistics Wireless Statistics On the Statistics webpage, Wireless Statistics is the main area for additional diagnostics statistics. The list of statistics produced is dynamic and may vary depending on the model and configuration (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz or 900 MHz, and client or access point).
  • Page 99 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual TX Failed due to too This is the number of frames that have been lost. Original Message + 7 Retries many retries = 1 TX failed due to too many retires. Each retry is sent within a few msec. TX Failed / TX Antenna Profile = Frame Packet Loss Rate (number undelivered as a RX Failed due to bad This can be from any access point, not only your own.
  • Page 100 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual System Log File Shows an event log of the modules operation, used for diagnosing problems. The page can be saved and emailed to ELPRO if requested. “Clear System Log” will clear the log file and start fresh. Reset Resets the module.
  • Page 101 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Internal Radio Test The module also has an internal Radio Path test that will allow you to perform a basic radio path test without the need for a laptop or PC. Two tests that can be run—RSSI, and Throughput. The throughput test can be disabled independently from the RSSI test, but disabling the RSSI test will turn off both tests.
  • Page 102 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Throughput The second test is the throughput test, which when enabled performs a basic throughput test between the access point and the client. The configurable remote device IP address should specify the IP address of the access point.
  • Page 103 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 4.8 Remote Configuration Because a module configuration is viewed and changed in a Web format (which uses TCP/IP protocol), you can view or change the configuration of a remote module via the wireless link, provided the remote module already has a wireless link established to the local 245U-E.
  • Page 104 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Connection Information Register Module Description 5000 Both Total number of associated stations. 5001 Both Current radio channel. See “3.9 Radio Configuration” for channel details. 5002 Both Number of wireless interfaces configured, including virtual interfaces wi1–wi10. 5010 Both Wireless adapter (wi0) –...
  • Page 105 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Register Module Description 4524 Both Transmitter antenna switches. 4526 Both Transmitter on-chip retries. 4528 Both Transmit message failed due to too many retries. 4530 Both Transmit frames with alternate rate. 4532 Both Transmit frames with no ACK marked (such as broadcast, multicast).
  • Page 106 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 95 ping Command Figure 96 shows the response of the”ping -t 192.168.0.118” command. Figure 96 ping -t Command This -t command is used to repeatedly ping the specified node in the network. To cancel, press CTRL+C. A good test for the network once it is first set up is to use “ping”...
  • Page 107 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual ipconfig The “ipconfig” command can be used to show your current TCP/IP information, including your address, DNS server addresses, adapter type and so on. Figure 97 Ipconfig Command In the example above, ipconfig was entered in the command prompt. The reply shows the PC’s IP address, subnet mask and the gateway to which it is connected.
  • Page 108 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual The command used in Figure 98 is “arp -a”. It shows the PC’s IP address (like the previous ipconfig command). In this case the IP address is still 192.168.0.17. It also shows the IP address and associated MAC address of any another device that has a connection to it.
  • Page 109 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual In the Network A PC, a routing rule needs to be set. This will allow Network A and B to have access to each other. This is entered under the cmd prompt, as follows: Route ADD 192.168.2.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.191 This says access everything on network B (192.168.2.0) with the mask of 255.255.255.0 on Network A via the Ethernet IP interface 192.168.0.191.
  • Page 110 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Chapter 5 - SPECIFICATIONS Transmitter/Receiver Frequency 2.412–2.472GHz 5.150–5.825GHz Transmit Power 15–630 mW (Data rate, model type and country specific) Transmission Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) (1, 2) Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Data Modulation (OFDM) (1, 2 Receiver Sensitivity –100 dBm @ 250 kbps, 74 dBm @ 108 Mbps (8% FER) –95 dBm @ 6 Mbps, 74 dBm @ 108 Mbps (8% FER) Channel Spacing 5 MHz spacing (13 channels, 2.412 –...
  • Page 111 FCC Part 15; EN 301 489 – 17; AS/NZS CISPR22 RF (Radio) EN 300 328 ; EN 301 893 ; FCC Part 15; RSS 210 Hazardous Area CSA Class I, Division 2; ATEX; IECEx nA IIC (245U-E-G & 245U-E-A Only) Safety IEC 60950 (RoHS Compliant) UL Listed General Size 4.5"...
  • Page 112 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual www.elpro.com.au Rev Version 2.24...
  • Page 113 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix A - FIRMWARE UPGRADE Determine the firmware version present in the module to be upgraded by viewing the index webpage of the module. Firmware versions 1.0.3 and later may be upgraded via the Configuration webpages. This upgrade can be executed locally with a PC connected directly to the module, or remotely over a working radio link.
  • Page 114 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix B - GLOSSARY Message acknowledgment. Access Point An access point connects wireless network stations (or clients) to other stations within the wireless network and also can serve as the point of interconnection between the wireless network and a wired network. Each access point can serve multiple users within a defined network area.
  • Page 115 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual CSMA/CD Carrier sense multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD) is the access method used on an Ethernet network. A network device transmits data after detecting that a channel is available. However, if two devices transmit data simultaneously, the sending devices detect a collision and retransmit after a random time delay.
  • Page 116 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Infrastructure Mode An 802.11 setting providing connectivity to an access point. As compared to ad-hoc mode, whereby 802.11 devices communicate directly with each other, clients set in Infrastructure mode all pass data through a central AP. The AP not only mediates wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood, but also provides communication with the wired network.
  • Page 117 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual MAC Address Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique code that is permanently assigned to most forms of networking hardware. Limiting a wireless network’s access to hardware, such as wireless cards, is a security feature employed by closed wireless networks.
  • Page 118 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a protocol used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of individual units (called packets) between computers over the Internet. While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data, TCP takes care of keeping track of the packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.
  • Page 119 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix C - CHANNELS 802.11b/g Channel Frequency (MHz) North America Europe Australia Japan Most of world 2412 2417 2422 2427 2432 2437 2442 2447 2452 2457 2462 2467 2472 2484 .11b only 802.11b/g Turbo Channel Frequency (MHz) North America Europe Australia Japan...
  • Page 120 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Channel Freq (MHz) Europe Max TX Europe Max TX Australia Max NZ Max TX USA Max TX Power (Master) Power (Slave) TX Power Power Power 5640 26 dBm 20 dBm 20 dBm 24 dBm 5660 26 dBm 20 dBm 24 dBm 20 dBm 24 dBm...
  • Page 121 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix D - EXTERNAL IPERF TEST This appendix shows how to set up and use the Iperf application to test the throughput of Ethernet modems. Iperf is a tool used to measure the throughput and quality of a network link. Jperf is used in conjunction with Iperf and displays the Iperf data results graphically.
  • Page 122 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 101 iperf –s Command 3. On the client PC, open up a command prompt and change the directory to jperf-2.0.2\bin, as you did above for the server. This time enter the iperf command to start the client communication to the server: “iperf –c <IP address of Server PC>...
  • Page 123 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual the measured to give an indication of the difference between expected and measured. Keep in mind that the theoretical calculations are best-case possible results. 240U-E 245U-E-G 245U-E-A 945U-E (20Mhz) 905U-E 805U-E 54 Mbps 27Mbps 27Mbps...
  • Page 124 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Figure 105 Jperf Screen 2. When the Jperf screen appears, select the Client option, and enter the IP address of the server PC. Leave the Port as the default and click Run Iperf. The test will run again and the bandwidth (throughput) display will show results of the test. NOTE Jperf runs using Java technology.
  • Page 125 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix E - DECLARATION of CONFORMITY 245U-E-A Declaration of Conformity Industrial Wireless Solutions 9/12 Billabong Street Stafford, Queensland 4053 Australia Tel: 61-7-3352-8600 Fax: 61-7-3352-8677 http://www.elpro.com.au EUROPEAN DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY EC Directives We, ELPRO, hereby declare that the product(s) listed below, to which this Declaration of Conformity relates, are in conformity with Directive 2014/53/EU (RED).
  • Page 126 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual 245U-E-G Declaration of Conformity Industrial Wireless Solutions 9/12 Billabong Street Stafford, Queensland 4053 Australia Tel: 61-7-3352-8600 Fax: 61-7-3352-8677 http://www.elpro.com.au EUROPEAN DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY EC Directives We, ELPRO, hereby declare that the product(s) listed below, to which this Declaration of Conformity relates, are in conformity with Directive 2014/53/EU (RED).
  • Page 127 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual Appendix F - GNU FREE DOCUMENT LICENSE Version 2, June 1991, Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  • Page 128 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”. Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.
  • Page 129 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange;...
  • Page 130 245U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem User Manual For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
  • Page 131 PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE...
  • Page 132 9/12 Billabong Street Stafford Queensland 4053 Australia Telephone: Global: +61 7 3352 8600 USA: +1855 443 5776 sales@elpro.com.au ELPRO Technologies is a registered www.elpro.com.au trademark. © 2018 ELPRO Technologies All Rights Reserved All other trademarks are property Publication No. EL-245U-E of their respective owners.

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