Page 1 User Manual TDS 500D, TDS 600B & TDS 700D Digitizing Oscilloscopes 071-0130-00 This document applies for firmware version 1.0 and above.
Page 2 Copyright E Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its suppliers and are protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013, or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the...
Page 3 Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located.
Page 5 Table of Contents General Safety Summary ........Preface .
Page 6 Table of Contents Triggering on Pulses ..........3–99 Communications Triggering .
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1–1: Rear Panel Controls Used in Start Up ....1–7 Figure 1–2: ON/STBY Button ....... . 1–8 Figure 2–1: Connecting a Probe for the Examples (P6245 shown) 2–10...
Page 8 Table of Contents Figure 3–14: Equivalent-Time Sampling ..... . . 3–29 Figure 3–15: How the Acquisition Modes Work ....3–33 Figure 3–16: Acquisition Menu and Readout .
Page 9 Table of Contents Figure 3–51: Main Trigger Menu — Runt Class ....3–105 Figure 3–52: Main Trigger Menu — Slew Rate Class ... . . 3–110 Figure 3–53: Main Trigger Menu —...
Page 10 Table of Contents Figure 3–87: Connecting the Oscilloscope to a Controller ..3–193 Figure 3–88: Utility Menu ........3–195 Figure 3–89: Status Menu —...
Page 11 Table of Contents List of Tables Table 1–1: Key Features and differences of models ....1–3 Table 1–2: Fuse and fuse cap part numbers ....1–7 Table 3–1: Autoset defaults .
Page 12 Table of Contents viii TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 13 General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified. Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. To Avoid Fire or Use Proper Power Cord.
Page 14 General Safety Summary Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions. Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere. Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry. Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the manual’s installation instructions for details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation. Symbols and Terms Terms in this Manual.
Page 15 Preface This is the User Manual for the TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D Digitizing Oscilloscopes. The chapter Getting Started briefly describes the TDS Oscilloscope, prepares you to install it, and tells you how to put it into service. The chapter Operating Basics covers basic principles of the operation of the oscilloscope.
Page 16 H The name “TDS 500D” is used when providing information common to the TDS 520D, TDS 540D, and TDS 580D model oscilloscopes. H The name “TDS 600B” is used when providing information common to the TDS 620B, TDS 644B, TDS 680B, and TDS 684B model oscilloscopes.
Page 17 Preface H Names also appear in the same case (initial capitals or all uppercase) in the manual as is used on the oscilloscope front panel and menus. Front panel names are all upper case letters, for example, VERTICAL MENU and CH 1. H Instruction steps are numbered.
Page 18 Preface TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 19 Getting Started...
Page 20 Product Description The Tektronix TDS Oscilloscope is a superb tool for acquiring, displaying, and measuring waveforms. Its performance addresses the needs of both benchtop lab and portable applications with the following key features: H An analog bandwidth of up to 2 GHz, depending on the model (see Table 1–1 Key Features and Differences of by Models on page 1–3)
Page 21 Product Description H Advanced features include limit testing (see Limit Testing on page 3–201), FFT (see Fast Fourier Transforms on page 3–209), waveform differentiation and integrations (see Waveform Differentiation and Waveform Integration starting on page 3–228), mask testing (see Mask Testing on page 3–148), waveform histograms (see Displaying Histograms on page 3–145), and communications signal analysis (see Communication Triggers on page 3–113, Mask Testing on page 3–148, and options 2C, 3C, and 4C on...
Page 22: Table 1-1: Key Features And Differences Of Models
Product Description Differences by Model Table 1–1 lists some key TDS features and relates them to the different TDS models that this manual covers. Table 1–1: Key Features and differences of models Feature 520D 540D 580D 620B 644B 680B 684B 724D 754D 784D...
Page 23 Product Description Product Specification The product specification is found in the technical reference TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D Technical Reference (Performance Verification and Specifications) that is shipped as a standard accessory with the TDS Oscillo- scope. 1–4 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 24 Start Up Before you use the TDS Oscilloscope, ensure that it is properly installed and powered on. Preparation To ensure maximum accuracy for your most critical measurements, you should know about signal path compensation and the proper use of the probe you choose to use with your oscilloscope.
Page 25 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D Technical Reference (Performance Verification and Specifications) manual (Tektronix part number 071-0135-xx). 2. Leave space for cooling. Do this by verifying that the air intake and exhaust holes on the sides and bottom of the cabinet are free of any airflow obstruc- tions.
Page 26: Figure 1-1: Rear Panel Controls Used In Start Up
Start Up Power Connector Principal Power Switch Fuse Figure 1–1: Rear Panel Controls Used in Start Up 5. Connect the proper power cord from the rear-panel power connector (see Figure 1–1) to the power system. Table 1–2: Fuse and fuse cap part numbers Fuse cap part number Fuse...
Page 27: Figure 1-2: On/Stby Button
If the self test fails, call your local Tektronix Service Center. Depending on the type of failure, you may still be able to use the oscilloscope before it is serviced.
Page 28 Operating Basics...
Page 29 Overview This chapter describes the basic concepts of operating the TDS Oscilloscope. Understanding the basic concepts of your oscilloscope will help you use it much more effectively. The first section, Operating Interface Maps, quickly shows you how the oscilloscope controls are organized and where you can read about them. It also illustrates the general procedures for operating the menu system.
Page 30 Overview 2–2 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 31 Operating Interface Maps This section contains illustrations, or maps, of the display, the front and rear panels, and the menu system of the TDS Oscilloscope. These maps will help you understand and operate the oscilloscope. This section also contains a visual guide to using the menu system.
Page 32 Operating Interface Maps Front Panel Map — Right Side Measurement System, page 3–126 Masks, page 3–148 Histograms, page 3–145 Cursor Measurements, page 3–138 Saving and Recalling Hardcopy, page 3–180 Waveforms, page 3–168 File System, page 3–175 File System, page 3–175 Acquisition Modes, page 3–31 Cursor Measurements,...
Page 33 Operating Interface Maps Rear Panel Map Principal Power Centronics Connector, page 3–180 RS-232 Connector, GPIB Connector, Switch, Zip Drive, page 3–179 page 3–180 page 3–191 page 1–7 VGA Output Fuse, Serial Number Power Connector, Rear Panel Connectors Security Bracket page 1–6 page 1–6 SIGNAL OUTPUT –...
Page 34 Operating Interface Maps Display Map Indicates position of When present, the general acquisition vertical bar cursors in the Trigger The value entered with purpose knob makes coarse status, waveform record, position (T), the general purpose adjustments; when absent, page 3–35 page 3–142 fine adjustments.
Page 35 Operating Interface Maps To Operate a Menu Press front-panel menu button. (Press SHIFT first if button label is blue.) Press one of these buttons to select from main menu. Press one of these buttons to select from side menu (if displayed). If side menu item has an adjustable value (shown in reverse video), adjust it with the general purpose knob or keypad.
Page 36 Operating Interface Maps To Operate a Pop-Up Menu Press to display pop-up menus. Press here to remove menus from Press it again screen. to make selection. Alternatively, press SHIFT first to make selection in the opposite direction. A pop-up selection changes the other main menu titles.
Page 37 Tutorial This section quickly makes you acquainted with some of the fundamental operations required to use the TDS Oscilloscope to take measurements. Start this tutorial by doing Setting Up for the Examples on this page. Setting Up for the Examples Perform the following tasks to connect input signals to the TDS Oscilloscope, to reset it, and to become acquainted with its display screen.
Page 38: Figure 2-1: Connecting A Probe For The Examples (P6245 Shown)
Tutorial Signal Figure 2–1: Connecting a Probe for the Examples (P6245 shown) Reset the Oscilloscope Do the following steps to reset the oscilloscope to a known factory default state before doing the examples. (You can reset the oscilloscope anytime you begin a new task and need to “start fresh”...
Page 39: Figure 2-2: Setup Button Location
Tutorial SETUP Button Figure 2–2: SETUP Button Location The oscilloscope displays main menus along the bottom of the screen. Figure 2–3 shows the Setup main menu. OK Confirm Factory Init Menu Item and Button Recall Factory Setup Menu Item and Button Figure 2–3: The Setup Menu 2.
Page 40: Figure 2-4: Trigger Controls
Tutorial NOTE. This manual uses the following notation to represent the sequence of selections you made in steps 1, 2 and 3: Press save/recall SETUP Recall Factory Setup (main) OK Confirm Factory Init (side). Note that a clock icon appears on screen. The oscilloscope displays this icon when performing operations that take longer than several seconds.
Page 41: Figure 2-5: The Display After Factory Initialization
Tutorial H The trigger readout shows that the oscilloscope is triggering on channel 1 (Ch1) on a rising edge, and that the trigger level is about 200–300 mV. H The time base readout shows that the main time base is set to a horizontal scale of 500 ms/div.
Page 42: Figure 2-6: The Vertical And Horizontal Controls
Tutorial Adjust the Waveform The display shows the probe compensation signal. It is a 1 kHz square wave of Display approximately 0.5 V amplitude. Figure 2–6 shows the main VERTICAL and HORIZONTAL sections of the front panel. Each has SCALE and POSITION knobs. Do the following steps to adjust the size and placement of the waveform using the front-panel knobs: 1.
Page 43: Figure 2-7: Trigger Controls
Tutorial Autoset the Oscilloscope When you first connect a signal to a channel and display it, the signal displayed may not be scaled and triggered correctly. Use the autoset function and you should quickly get a meaningful display. You should have a stable display of the probe compensation waveform from the last step.
Page 44: Figure 2-8: Autoset Button Location
Tutorial AUTOSET Button Figure 2–8: AUTOSET Button Location Figure 2–9 shows the display after pressing AUTOSET. If necessary, you can adjust the waveform now by using the knobs discussed earlier in this example. Figure 2–9: The Display After Pressing Autoset 2–16 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, &...
Page 45: Figure 2-10: Display Signals Requiring Probe Compensation
Tutorial NOTE. If you are using a passive probe, such as the P6139A probe, the corners on your displayed signal may look rounded or pointed. (See Figure 2–10.) If so, then you may need to compensate your probe. See To Compensate Passive Probes on page 3–6.
Page 46: Figure 2-11: The Channel Buttons And Lights
Tutorial Figure 2–11: The Channel Buttons and Lights Each of the channel (CH) buttons has a light behind its label. Right now, the CH 1 light is on. That light indicates that the vertical controls are set to adjust channel 1. Do the following steps to add a waveform to the display: 1.
Page 47 Tutorial H There are two channel indicators at the left edge of the graticule. Right now, they overlap. H The light above the CH 2 button is now on, and the CH 1 light is off. Because the knobs control only one channel at a time, the vertical controls are now set to adjust channel 2.
Page 48: Figure 2-12: The Vertical Main Menu And Coupling Side Menu
Tutorial Side Menu Title Ch2 Reference Indicator Figure 2–12: The Vertical Main Menu and Coupling Side Menu Assign Controls to Pressing a channel (CH) button sets the vertical controls to that channel. It also Another Channel adds the channel to the display if that waveform is not already displayed. To explore assigning controls to different channels, do the following steps: 1.
Page 49: Figure 2-13: The Menus After Changing Channels
Tutorial Side Menu Title Figure 2–13: The Menus After Changing Channels Remove a Waveform Pressing the WAVEFORM OFF button removes the waveform for the currently selected channel. If the waveform you want to remove is not already selected, select that channel using the channel (CH) button. 1.
Page 50 Tutorial Example 3: Taking Automated Measurements The TDS Oscilloscope can measure many waveform parameters automatically and read out the results on screen. Do the following tasks to discover how to set up the oscilloscope to measure waveforms automatically. (For information on additional measurement features, see Display Measurement Statistics on page 3–137, Displaying Histograms on page 3–145, and Mask Testing on page 3–148.)
Page 51: Figure 2-14: Measure Main Menu And Select Measurement
Tutorial Observe that the frequency measurement appears within the right side of the graticule area. The measurement readout includes the notation Ch1, meaning that the measurement is taken on the channel 1 waveform. (To take a measurement on another channel, select that channel, and then select the measurement.) Figure 2–14: Measure Main Menu and Select Measurement Side Menu 7.
Page 52: Figure 2-15: Four Simultaneous Measurement Readouts
Tutorial Remove Measurement Use the Measure menu to remove measurements you no longer want. To remove Readouts a measurement individually (you can also remove them, as a group), do the following step: 1. TDS 600B models: Press MEASURE Remove Measrmnt (main) Measurement 1, Measurement 2, and Measurement 4 (side) to remove those measurements.
Page 53 Tutorial To examine the current values, press Level Setup (main) High Ref (side). The General Purpose Knob. The general purpose knob, the large knob, is now set to adjust the high reference level (Figure 2–16.) There are several important things to observe on the screen: H The knob icon appears at the top of the screen.
Page 54: Figure 2-16: General Purpose Knob Indicators
Tutorial General Purpose Knob Setting and Readout General Purpose Knob Icon Highlighted Menu Item with Boxed Readout Value Figure 2–16: General Purpose Knob Indicators The Numeric Keypad. Any time the general purpose knob is set to adjust a numeric parameter, you can enter the value as a number using the keypad instead of using the knob.
Page 55 Tutorial 1. Press Low Ref (side). 2. On the numeric keypad, press the 2, the 0, and the ENTER ( ) buttons, which sets the low measurement reference to 20%. Observe that the rise-time value has changed. 3. Press Remove Measrmnt (main) All Measurements (side).
Page 56: Figure 2-17: Snapshot Of Channel 1
Tutorial Figure 2–17: Snapshot of Channel 1 Example 4: Saving Setups The TDS Oscilloscope can save its controls settings and recall them later to quickly re-establish a setup. It provides ten storage locations to store up to ten setups. It also provides a file system, so that you can also save setups to a floppy disk, an optional hard disk, or an external Zip drive.
Page 57 Tutorial Save a Setup First, you need to create an instrument setup you want to save. Perform the following steps to create and save a setup that is complex enough that you might prefer not to go through all these steps each time you want that display: 1.
Page 58: Figure 2-18: Save/Recall Setup Menu
Tutorial Figure 2–18: Save/Recall Setup Menu 7. Press one of the To Setup side menu buttons to store the current instrument settings into that setup location. Remember which setup location you selected for use later. There are more setup locations than can be listed at one time in the side menu.
Page 59 Tutorial Recall a Setup To recall the setup, press SAVE/RECALL SETUP Recall Saved Set- up (main) Recall Setup (side) for the setup location you used in the last exercise. The positive width measurement is now removed from the display because you selected it after you saved the setup. The step just performed completes the examples.
Page 60 Tutorial 2–32 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 61 Reference...
Page 62 Overview This chapter describes in detail how to perform the operating tasks you must do to measure, test, process, or save and document your waveforms. It leads with three sections on the fundamental tasks of acquiring, stably displaying, and taking measurements on waveforms: H Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms H Triggering on Waveforms H Measuring Waveforms...
Page 63 Overview Acquiring and Displaying Coupling Waveforms to the Oscilloscope ......3–5 Waveforms Setting up Automatically: Autoset and Reset .
Page 64 Overview Determining Status and Displaying Status ..........3–197 Accessing Help Displaying the Banner...
Page 65 Overview 3–4 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 66: Acquiring And Displaying
Coupling Waveforms to the Oscilloscope Tektronix produces a variety of probes and cables suitable for connecting various types of signals to the input channels of this product. This subsection covers two topics important to coupling: Probe Compensation and Input Impedance Considerations.
Page 67: Figure 3-1: How Probe Compensation Affects Signals
The standard-accessory probes and quantities shipped for these oscilloscopes are listed in Standard Accessories on page A–4. Tektronix also offers a variety of optical probes, differential probes, adapters, and BNC cabling and connectors to couple a variety of signal sources to the input channels.
Page 68: Figure 3-2: P6139A Probe Adjustment
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms 4. If you need to change the input impedance, press Coupling (main). Then toggle the side menu selection W to get the correct impedance. 5. TDS 500D and 700D models only: Press SHIFT ACQUIRE MENU Mode (main) Hi Res (side).
Page 69 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms NOTE. The TDS 794D Oscilloscope requires a P6339A probe for AC, 10 MW, and bandwidth selections to appear in the menus. Input Impedance To ensure proper coupling of your input signals to the oscilloscope, consider the following points when you use 50 W coupling with any channel: Considerations H The oscilloscope does not accurately display frequencies under 200 kHz if...
Page 70: Setting Up Automatically: Autoset And Reset
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Setting up Automatically: Autoset and Reset The TDS Oscilloscope can automatically obtain and display a stable waveform of usable size. It can also be reset to its factory default settings. This subsection describes how to execute Autoset and reset, and lists the default settings in effect after an Autoset.
Page 71: Table 3-1: Autoset Defaults
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms List of Autoset Defaults Table 3–1 lists the autoset defaults. Table 3–1: Autoset defaults Control Changed by autoset to Selected channel Numerically lowest of the displayed channels Acquire Mode Sample Acquire Repetitive Signal (TDS 500D and 700D Models Only) Acquire Stop After RUN/STOP button only...
Page 72 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Table 3–1: Autoset defaults (cont.) Control Changed by autoset to Trigger Level Midpoint of data for the trigger source Trigger Slope Positive Trigger Coupling Trigger Holdoff Default Holdoff: Set equal to 5 horizontal divisions Adjustable Holdoff: 250 ns Selection in Mode and Holdoff menu determines whether the default holdoff value or the adjustable hold value is used.
Page 73: Selecting Channels
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms To Reset the Do the following steps to reset the oscilloscope to its factory default settings: Oscilloscope 1. Press the Save/Recall SETUP button to display the Setup menu (see Fig- ure 3–3). Press the button directly below the Recall Factory Setup menu item. 2.
Page 74: Figure 3-3: The Channel Readout
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Channel Reference Indicator Channel Readout Figure 3–3: The Channel Readout To Select and To select a channel, use the channel selection buttons on the right of the display. Remove Waveforms These buttons labeled CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4, and MORE select a channel and display it if its off.
Page 75: Figure 3-4: Waveform Selection Priority
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Do the following steps to first display and then remove waveforms from the display: 1. Press CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, or CH 4 to turn on as many of these channels as desired. The one you select last (or first if you only select one) becomes the selected channel.
Page 76: Scaling And Positioning Waveforms
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms To Find More Information To read about selecting reference waveforms, see Saving and Recalling Waveforms on page 3–168. To read about selecting (and creating) math waveforms, see Waveform Math on page 3–206. Scaling and Positioning Waveforms The TDS Oscilloscope allows you to scale (change the vertical or horizontal size) and position (move up, down, left, or right) waveforms on screen for best display.
Page 77: Figure 3-5: Scaling And Positioning
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Acquisition View Record View Channel Reference Icon Original Position Positioned Vertically Positioned Horizontally Original Scale Scaled Vertically Scaled Horizontally Figure 3–5: Scaling and Positioning To Change Vertical Scale The TDS Oscilloscope permits you to change vertical scale and position quickly and Position from the front panel using dedicated control knobs.
Page 78: Figure 3-6: Vertical Readouts And Channel Menu
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms 3. To make positioning faster, press the SHIFT button. When the light above the SHIFT button is on and the display says Coarse Knobs in the upper right corner, the POSITION knob positions waveforms more quickly. The POSITION knob simply adds screen divisions to the reference point of the selected waveform.
Page 79 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms To Change To select the coupling, bandwidth, and offset for the selected waveform, use the Vertical Parameters Vertical menu (Figure 3–6). This menu also lets you numerically change the position or scale instead of using the vertical knobs. To make such changes, do the following procedures: NOTE.
Page 80 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Bandwidth. Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies that an oscilloscope can acquire and display accurately (that is, with less than 3 dB attenuation). If you limit the upper limit for the higher frequency components by selecting 250 MHz or 20 MHz, a symbol will appear in the lower part of the display.
Page 81: Figure 3-7: Record View And Time Base Readouts
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms To set the probe attenuation to its default value, press VERTICAL MENU Probe Functions (main) Set to Unity External Attenuation (side). Attaching a probe also sets the probe attenuation to its default value. To Check the Check the Record View to determine the size and location of the waveform Horizontal Status record and the location of the trigger relative to the display.
Page 82: Figure 3-8: Horizontal Controls
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms To Change Horizontal The TDS Oscilloscope provides control of horizontal position and scale using Scale and Position the horizontal front panel knobs. By changing the horizontal position, you can move the waveform right or left to see different portions of the waveform.
Page 83 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms When you select a channel, the horizontal POSITION knob positions all channel, reference, and math waveforms displayed at the same time when Horizontal Lock is set to Lock in the Zoom menu. See Zoom a Waveform on page 3–54. To Change Horizontal To select the waveform record length and the trigger position, use the Horizontal Parameters...
Page 84 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms NOTE. TDS 500D and TDS 700D Models: Hi Res acquisition mode requires twice the acquisition memory of other acquisition modes. Therefore, turning Hi Res on switches the setting for record length accordingly, thereby keeping the oscilloscope from running out of memory. 2.
Page 85: Figure 3-9: Displaying An Extended Acquisition Length Record
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms To Select the You also can select Delayed Runs After Main or Delayed Triggerable. Use the Delayed Time Base main time base for most applications. Use the delayed time base when you want to delay an acquisition so it captures and displays events that follow other events.
Page 86 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Extended acquisition mode is a single acquisition sequence mode allowing you time to examine the acquired data. To set Extended Acquisition mode: Press HORIZONTAL MENU Extd Acq Setup (main) Extended Acquisition (side) to toggle Extended Acquisition mode On (see Figure 3–10). To acquire a new data record, press Run/Stop.
Page 87: Figure 3-10: Extended Acquisition Length And Zoom
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Percentage of acquisition data before start of the waveform record End of waveform record Trigger point Start of waveform record Acquisition record waveform Figure 3–10: Extended Acquisition Length and Zoom To Find More Information To perform tutorials that teach selecting, scaling, and positioning of waveforms, see Example 1: Displaying a Waveform on page 2–13 and Example 2: Displaying Multiple Waveforms on page 2–17.
Page 88: Figure 3-11: Acquisition: Input Analog Signal, Sample, And Digitize
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Choosing an Acquisition Mode The TDS Oscilloscopes are digital products that can acquire and process your input signal in a variety of modes. To help you choose the best mode to use for your signal measurement task, this section first describes: H How the oscilloscope samples and digitizes an input signal H How the different acquisition modes (such as interpolation) affect this process H How to select among these modes...
Page 89: Figure 3-12: Several Points May Be Acquired For Each Point Used
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms The oscilloscope uses the samples it takes (see Figure 3–13) to create a waveform record containing a user-specified number of data or record points. Each record point represents a certain voltage level that occurs a determined amount of time from the trigger event.
Page 90 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Equivalent-time Sampling A TDS 500D or TDS 700D model oscilloscope (the TDS 600B models use only real time sampling) uses equivalent time sampling to extend its sample rate over its real-time maximum sampling rate, but only under two conditions: H You must have turned equivalent-time on in the Acquisition menu.
Page 91 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Interpolation Your oscilloscope can interpolate between the samples it acquires. Like for equivalent time sampling, it does so only when it cannot obtain all the real samples it needs to fill up its waveform record. For instance, setting the horizontal SCALE to progressively faster acquisition rates leaves progressively shorter time periods for the waveform record.
Page 92: Table 3-2: How Interleaving Affects Sample Rate
3–30 and Equivalent-Time Sampling on page 3–29.) Table 3–2: How interleaving affects sample rate Maximum digitizing rate No. of TDS 580D, channels on TDS 520D & TDS 784D, & TDS 724D TDS 540D TDS 754D TDS 794D 2 GS/sec...
Page 93 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Figure 3–15 illustrates the different modes and lists the benefits of each. It will help you select the appropriate mode for your application. Refer to it as your read the following descriptions of each mode. Sample Mode. In Sample mode, the oscilloscope creates a record point by saving the first sample (of perhaps many) during each acquisition interval.
Page 94 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Single Waveform Acquisition Samples Acquired in Four Acquisition Displayed Waveform Drawn Acquisition Intervals Mode Record Points on CRT Interval 1 Interval 1 Sample Uses first sample in interval Use for fastest acquisition rate. This is the default mode. Peak Detect Uses highest and lowest samples in two intervals...
Page 95: Table 3-3: Additional Resolution Bits
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Hi Res Mode. TDS 500D and 700D models only: Hi Res mode averages all samples taken during an acquisition interval to create a record point. The average results in a higher-resolution, lower-bandwidth waveform. A key advantage of Hi Res is its potential for increasing resolution regardless of the input signal.
Page 96 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Checking the To determine the acquisition sampling rate, the acquisition state (running or Acquisition Readout stopped), and the acquisition mode, check the Acquisition readout at the top of the display. (See Figure 3–16.) The state “Run:” shows the sample rate and acquisition mode.
Page 97 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms 3. If you selected Envelope or Average, enter the number of waveform records to be enveloped or averaged using the keypad or the general purpose knob. NOTE. TDS 500D and 700D models only: Selecting Hi Res mode in the Acquire menu automatically reduces long record-length settings to prevent overflow of acquisition memory.
Page 98: Table 3-4: Tds 500D And Tds 700D Sampling Mode
25 ns 12.5 ns t12.5 ns Note that the TDS 520D and TDS 724D can have no more that two channels on at a time. “u” means “slower than”; “t” means “faster than.” “RT” abbreviates “Real-Time Sampling” throughout this table.
Page 99 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Figure 3–17: Acquire Menu — Stop After H Press RUN/STOP button only (side) to use the RUN/STOP button to start or stop acquiring. Pressing the RUN/STOP button once will stop the acquisitions. The upper left hand corner in the display will say “Stop” and show the number of acquisitions.
Page 100 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms NOTE. To quickly select Single Acquisition Sequence without displaying the Acquire and Stop After menus, press SHIFT FORCE TRIG. Now the RUN/STOP button operates as just described. (You still must display the Acquire menu and then the Stop After menu to leave Single Acquisition Sequence operation.) H Press Limit Test Condition Met (side) to acquire waveforms until waveform data exceeds the limits specified in the limit test.
Page 101: Customizing The Display
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Methods to Check and Eliminate. To quickly check for aliasing, slowly increase the horizontal scale (time per division setting). If the shape of the displayed waveform changes drastically or becomes stable at a faster time base setting, your waveform was probably aliased.
Page 102 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Change Display Settings To bring up the Display menu: Press DISPLAY Settings (main) Display (pop-up). The Display menu allows you to adjust the style, intensity level, graticule, and format features described below. The Color menu allows you to alter color settings for various display components such as waveforms and text.
Page 103 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Figure 3–19: Display Menu — Style NOTE. TDS 500D and TDS 700D models only: See Using DPO Acquisition Mode, on page 3–59, to see how Style and Intensity setup differs for DPO mode. Adjust Intensity Intensity lets you set text/graticule and waveform intensity (brightness) levels. To set the intensity: Press DISPLAY Settings (main)
Page 104 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms 1. TDS 600B: Press DISPLAY Settings (main) Display (pop-up) Readout Options (main). TDS 500D and TDS 700D Models: Press DISPLAY Settings (main) Display (pop-up) Mode (main) Normal (pop-up) Format/ RO (main). 2. Toggle Display ‘T’ @ Trigger Point (side) to select whether or not to display ‘T’...
Page 105 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Sometimes, especially when using the hardcopy feature, you may want to display the current date and time on screen. (To find more information displaying and setting date and time, see Date/Time Stamp the Hardcopy on page 3–184.) 4.
Page 106 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Select the Graticule Type To change the graticule: Press DISPLAY Settings (main) Display (pop-up) Graticule (main) Full, Grid, Cross Hair, Frame, NTSC or PAL (side). Full provides a grid, cross hairs and a frame. Grid displays a frame and a grid. Cross Hair provides cross hairs, and a frame.
Page 107: Table 3-5: Xy Format Pairs
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms YT is the conventional oscilloscope display format. It shows a signal voltage (the vertical axis) as it varies over time (the horizontal axis). XY format compares the voltage levels of two waveform records point by point. That is, the oscilloscope displays a graph of the voltage of one waveform record against the voltage of another waveform record.
Page 108: Customizing The Display Color
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Customizing the Display Color The TDS Oscilloscope can display information in different colors. This section describes how to use the Color menu to choose the colors in which the various display objects appear. Some items in the color menu are also available on the monochrome TDS 500D Oscilloscopes.
Page 109 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Choose a Palette To choose a palette of 13 colors from a menu of preset palettes: 1. Choose the starting palette by selecting Palette from the main menu. 2. Select one of the available palettes in the side menu. Choose from Normal, Bold, Hardcopy Preview or Monochrome.
Page 110 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Monochrome oscilloscopes: Select the main menu Change Persistence Colors item. 2. Select one of the colors by pressing (repeatedly) Color (Color Index if changing a persistence palette) in the side menu. 3. If you want to use the factory default for this color or color index, press the side menu Reset to Factory Color.
Page 111 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Set Math Waveform Color To define math waveform colors: 1. Choose to define math waveform colors by selecting the main menu Map Math item. 2. Select one of the three math waveforms by pressing Math in the side menu. 3.
Page 112 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Figure 3–23: Display Menu — Map Reference Colors Select Options To define what color to show where a waveform crosses another waveform: 1. TDS 600B models: Press the Options main menu item. TDS 500D and TDS 700D models: Press the Options Restore main menu item.
Page 113 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Figure 3–24: Display Menu — Restore Colors Select Color Mapping To define the method to map acquisition-database values to display indices (TDS 500D and 700D models only) do the following steps: 1. Press the Options Restore main menu item. 2.
Page 114: Zooming On Waveforms
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Zooming on Waveforms The TDS Oscilloscope can expand or compress (zoom in or out) on a waveform without changing the acquisition parameters (sample rate, record length, and so on). This section describes how to use Zoom and how it interacts with the selected waveform.
Page 115: Side Menu
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms The method the oscilloscope uses to interpolate, linear or sin(x)/x, can affect the way Zoom displays your waveform. If you selected sin(x)/x (the default), it may introduce some overshoot or undershoot to the waveform edges. If such is the case, change the interpolation method to linear, following the instructions on page 3–56.
Page 116 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Depending on the selection for Horizontal Lock in the side menu, Zoom affects the displayed waveforms as follows: None — only the waveform currently selected can be magnified and positioned horizontally (Figure 3–25). Live — all “live” (as opposed to reference) waveforms can be magnified and positioned horizontally at the same time.
Page 117 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Only the selected waveform (the top one) changes size. Figure 3–25: Zoom Mode with Horizontal Lock Set to None Set Interpolation To change the interpolation method used, press DISPLAY Settings (main) Display (pop-up) Filter (main) Sin(x)/x Interpolation or Linear Interpolation (side).
Page 118 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms 2. To scale or position the unmagnified waveform, press Selected Grati- cule (main) Lower (side). Use the vertical and horizontal knobs to scale and position the unmagnified waveform in the box. Note that as you scale or move the unmagnified waveform relative to the box, the oscilloscope alters the magnified display accordingly to include only the waveform portion within the box.
Page 119 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Dual Zoom a Waveform To select Dual Zoom, press ZOOM Mode (main) Dual Zoom (side) to toggle it to ON. (See Figure 3–27.) Dual zoom displays a second zoomed view of the selected unzoomed waveform. The second zoomed view is offset in time from the first zoomed view. Also, zoom must be enabled (side menu set to On or Preview) to see the Dual Zoom displays.
Page 120: Using Dpo Acquisition Mode
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Selected Graticule Zoomed Waveform Edges Zoom Boxes Unzoomed Waveform Figure 3–27: Dual Zoom — Shown Dual Window (Preview) Mode Using DPO Acquisition Mode The TDS 500D and 700D Oscilloscopes can use DPO acquisition mode to produce a display that provides intensity information. DPO acquisition mode reduces the dead time between waveform acquisitions that normally occur when digitizing storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) acquire waveforms.
Page 121 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Waveform Capture Rate Figures 3–28, 3–29, and 3–30 illustrate how DPO acquisition mode differs from the normal acquisition mode used by digital storage oscilloscopes. Note that normal mode follows a “capture waveform–digitize waveform–update waveform memory–display waveform” cycle. Normal mode misses short term deviations occurring during the long dead times.
Page 122 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Normal DSO Mode 1st Acquired Next Acquired Next Acquired Waveform Waveform Waveform Record Record Record Dead Time Dead Time Dead Time Waveform Waveform Waveform Memory Memory Memory Display Updated Display Updated Display DPO Mode 1st Set of Acquired Next Set of Acquired Next Set of Acquired Waveform Records...
Page 123 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Figure 3–29: DPO Display Figure 3–30: Normal DSO Display 3–62 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 124 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms To Set the DPO Style To change the DPO display style, do the following steps: 1. Press DISPLAY Settings (main) Display (pop-up) Mode (main) DPO (pop-up) Style (main). 2. Select between Vectors and Dots in the side menu. (Dots display is the factory default setting.) 3.
Page 125 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms To Set the Accumulation Accumulation Depth determines the length of counters in the waveform array Depth that record the number of times acquisition signals occur at a display pixel. DPO, Mask Counting, and Histogram modes use the counters. In DPO mode, the accumulated numbers and the intensity controls determine the gray-scale information for each displayed pixel.
Page 126: Table 3-6: Dpo Xy Format Pairs
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Table 3–6: DPO XY Format pairs XY Pair X-Axis source Y-Axis source Ch 1 and Ch 2 Ch 1 Ch 2 Ch 3 and Ch 4 (Ax1 and Ax2) Ch 3 (Ax1) Ch 4 (Ax2) Ref 1 and Ref 2 Ref 1 Ref 2 Ref 3 and Ref 4...
Page 127 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms HORIZONTAL controls are ignored in DPO XY and XYZ. XY format is a dot-only display, although it can have persistence. The Vector style selection has no effect when you select XY format. Incompatible Modes Several modes/features are unavailable when DPO mode is selected: H FastFrame, Limit Testing, Extended Acquisition, and Zoom modes H Envelope, Average, Hi Res, and Single Acquisition Sequence acquisition modes and Autosave mode...
Page 128: Using Fastframet
Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms If you select any of these modes before or while DPO is on, they will remain selected in their respective menus, but the oscilloscope will ignore them. It will put the modes into effect when you turn DPO off. If the oscilloscope setup is not as you expect when you turn DPO off, this may be because the oscilloscope quit ignoring these DPO incompatible modes.
Page 129 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms If you are using the FastFrame mode, you can jump to the desired frame. To use FastFrame, do the following steps: 1. Press HORIZONTAL MENU FastFrame Setup (main) FastFrame (side) to toggle on or off the use of FastFrame (see Figure 3–33). Figure 3–33: Horizontal Menu —...
Page 130 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms 3. Press Horiz Pos (main), then Frame (side), and use the general purpose knob to enter the number of a specific frame to view. After you press Enter, that frame should appear on the display. If you shift the waveform right or left with the front-panel HORIZONTAL POSITION knob, the window next to the side-menu Frame button will indicate the frame number of the waveform at the center of the screen.
Page 131 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms View all Time Stamps To display a list of all time stamps in the current acquisition relative to the reference frame time stamp (see Figure 3–34), press HORIZONTAL FastFrame Setup (main) Snapshot (side). The first column shows the delta time between the reference frame (frame 6 in the figure) and every other frame.
Page 132 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms Trigger time of the Reference Frame Trigger time of the Position Frame Time difference between the reference and position frames Figure 3–35: FastFrame TimeStamp FastFrame Operating Consider the following operating characteristics when using FastFrame: Characteristics H Envelope, Average, and Hi Res form the envelope or average following the last frame of the concatenated record.
Page 133 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms H Because FastFrame introduces additional processing time into the operation cycle of acquire, process, and display, its best to use Single Sequence Acquisition (see Acquire menu, Stop After menu). With Single Sequence selected, you will see the current acquisition sequence; otherwise, the display lags the current sequence by one sequence.
Page 134: Triggering On Waveforms
Triggering on Waveforms To use the TDS Oscilloscope to measure or monitor waveforms, you need to know how to trigger a stable display of those waveforms. Toward that end, this section first covers the following topics: H Trigger Concepts which details some basic principles of triggering and describes triggering elements: type, source, coupling, holdoff, mode, and so on H Triggering from the Front Panel which describes how to use the front-panel...
Page 135 Triggering on Waveforms Triggered Waveform Untriggered Waveforms Figure 3–36: Triggered Versus Untriggered Displays The Trigger Event The trigger event establishes the time-zero point in the waveform record. All points in the record are located in time with respect to that point. The oscillo- scope continuously acquires and retains enough sample points to fill the pretrigger portion of the waveform record (that part of the waveform that is displayed before, or to the left of, the triggering event on screen).
Page 136 Triggering on Waveforms Trigger Types The digitizing oscilloscope provides three standard triggers for the main trigger system: edge, pulse, and logic. Option 05 provides a video trigger. The standard triggers are described individually starting on page 3–82. A brief definition of each type follows: Edge is the “basic”...
Page 137 Triggering on Waveforms Automatic trigger mode (auto mode) enables the oscilloscope to acquire a waveform even if a trigger does not occur. Auto mode uses a timer that starts after a trigger event occurs. If another trigger event is not detected before the timer times out, the oscilloscope forces a trigger anyway.
Page 138 Triggering on Waveforms Acquisition Acquisition Interval Interval Trigger Level Indicates Trigger Points Holdoff Holdoff Holdoff Triggers are not recognized during holdoff time. Figure 3–37: Trigger Holdoff Time Ensures Valid Triggering Trigger Coupling Trigger coupling determines what part of the signal is passed to the trigger circuit.
Page 139: Triggering From The Front Panel
Triggering on Waveforms Slope and Level The slope control determines whether the oscilloscope finds the trigger point on the rising or the falling edge of a signal. (See Figure 3–38.) You set trigger slope by first selecting Slope in the Main Trigger menu and then selecting between the rising or falling slope icons in the side menu that appears.
Page 140 Triggering on Waveforms Trigger Status Lights Figure 3–39: TRIGGER Controls and Status Lights To Set to 50% To quickly obtain an edge trigger or a glitch or width pulse trigger, press SET LEVEL TO 50%. The oscilloscope sets the trigger level to the halfway point between the peaks of the trigger signal.
Page 141 Triggering on Waveforms To Single Trigger To trigger on the next valid trigger event and then stop, press SHIFT FORCE TRIG. Now press the RUN/STOP button each time you want to initiate the single sequence of acquisitions. To leave Single Trig mode, press SHIFT ACQUIRE MENU Stop Af- ter (main) RUN/STOP Button Only (side).
Page 142 Triggering on Waveforms Trigger Readout. To quickly determine the settings of some key trigger parame- ters, check the Trigger readout at the bottom of the display. (See Figure 3–40.) The readouts differ for edge, logic, and pulse triggers. Main Trigger Main Trigger Main Time Base Time/Div Slope = Rising Edge...
Page 143: Triggering On A Waveform Edge
Triggering on Waveforms Trigger Position Relative to the Display and Waveform Record Trigger Point Indicator Indicating the Trigger Position on the Waveform Record Trigger Bar Indicating the Trigger Level on the Waveform Record Figure 3–41: Record View, Trigger Position, and Trigger Level Bar Readouts Trigger Menu Each trigger type (edge, logic, and pulse) has its own main trigger menu, which is described as each type is discussed in this section.
Page 144 Triggering on Waveforms Main Trigger Main Trigger Main Time Base Time/Div Slope = Rising Edge Source = Ch 1 Main Trigger Main Time Base Level Figure 3–42: Edge Trigger Readouts To Select Edge Triggering Use the edge trigger menu to select edge triggering and to perform the proce- dures for source, coupling, slope, trigger level, mode, and holdoff that follow.
Page 145 Triggering on Waveforms To Select a Source To select which source you want for the trigger: Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Edge (pop-up) Source (main) Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4, AC Line, or DC Aux (side). To Specify Coupling To select the coupling you want, press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Edge (pop-up) Coupling (main)
Page 146 Triggering on Waveforms To Set Mode & Holdoff You can change the holdoff time and select the trigger mode using this menu item. See Trigger Modes and Trigger Holdoff beginning on page 3–75 for a description of these features. To set mode and holdoff, do the following steps: 1.
Page 147: Triggering Based On Logic
Triggering on Waveforms 2. Select the rising or falling edge from the side menu. To Set Level Press the TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Edge (pop-up) Lev- el (main) Level, Set to TTL, Set to ECL, or Set to 50% (side). Level lets you enter the trigger level using the general purpose knob or the keypad.
Page 148 Triggering on Waveforms H The Boolean logic function — select from AND, NAND, OR, and NOR H The condition for triggering — whether the trigger occurs when the Boolean function becomes TRUE (logic high) or FALSE (logic low), and whether the TRUE condition is time qualified A state trigger occurs when the logic inputs to the logic function cause the function to be TRUE (or at your option FALSE) at the time the clock input...
Page 149: Table 3-7: Pattern And State Logic
Triggering on Waveforms For state triggering, the oscilloscope waits until the end of trigger holdoff and then waits until the edge of channel 4 transitions in the specified direction. At that point, the oscilloscope samples the inputs from the other channels and triggers if the conditions defined in Table 3–7 are met.
Page 150 Triggering on Waveforms Setup/hold triggering uses the setup/hold violation zone to detect when data is unstable too near the time it is clocked. Each time trigger holdoff ends, the oscilloscope monitors the data and clock sources. When a clock edge occurs, the oscilloscope checks the data stream it is processing (from the data source) for transitions occurring within the setup/hold violation zone.
Page 151 Triggering on Waveforms Setup/Hold Violation = Setup Time Zone = Hold Time Setup/Hold Violation Zone = T must be w +2 ns Clock Level Clock Signal Setup/Hold Violation Zone –T Clock Level Clock Signal Setup/Hold Violation Zone –T Clock Level Clock Signal Positive T ;...
Page 152 Triggering on Waveforms Ch 1, 2, 3 Inputs = High, Don’t Care, Don’t Care Ch 4 Input = Rising Edge Trigger Class = State Logic = OR Figure 3–45: Logic Trigger Readouts — State Class Selected NOTE. When the trigger type Logic is selected, the trigger levels must be set for each channel individually in the Set Thresholds menu (pattern and state classes) or the Levels (setup/hold class) menu.
Page 153 Triggering on Waveforms Figure 3–46: Logic Trigger Menu To Define Pattern Inputs. To set the logic state for each of the input channels (Ch1, Ch2, ...): 1. Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Logic (pop-up) Class (main) Pattern (pop-up) Define Inputs (main) Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, or Ch4 (side).
Page 154 Triggering on Waveforms To Define the Logic. To choose the logic function you want applied to the input channels (see page 3–87 for definitions of the logic functions for both pattern and state triggers): Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Logic (pop-up) Class (main) Pattern (pop-up) Define Logic (main)
Page 155 Triggering on Waveforms Note the position of the trigger indicator in Figure 3–47. Triggering occurs at the point that the oscilloscope determines that the logic function you specify is TRUE within the time you specify. The oscilloscope determines the trigger point in the following manner: H It waits for the logic condition to become TRUE.
Page 156 Triggering on Waveforms To State Trigger When you select the logic class State, the oscilloscope uses channel 4 as a clock and triggers on a logic circuit made from the rest of the channels (pages 3–86 through 3–88 describe how state triggers work). To use state triggering, do the following procedures.
Page 157 Triggering on Waveforms To Set Mode and Holdoff. Mode and holdoff can be set for all standard trigger types and classes. To set mode and holdoff, refer to To Set Mode & Holdoff on page 3–85. To learn more about trigger mode and holdoff, see the descriptions Trigger Modes and Trigger Holdoff on page 3–75.
Page 158 Triggering on Waveforms Set the Data and Clock Levels. To set the transition levels that the clock and data must cross to be recognized by the oscilloscope: 1. Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Logic (pop-up) Class (main) Setup/Hold (pop-up) Levels (main) Clock Level or Data Level (side).
Page 159 Triggering on Waveforms Cursors measure the setup/hold violation zone which equals setup time + hold time (30 ns). Data (Ch1) transition occurs within ] 10 ns after the clock violating hold time limit. The oscilloscope recognizes the violation and triggers at the clock edge. Figure 3–48: Triggering on a Setup/Hold Time Violation In most cases, you will enter positive values for both setup and hold time.
Page 160: Triggering On Pulses
Triggering on Waveforms Triggering on Pulses The TDS Oscilloscope can trigger on glitch or runt pulses, or it can trigger based on the width, slew rate, or timeout period of a pulse. These capabilities make the oscilloscope suitable for such tasks as unattended monitoring for, and capturing of, a power supply glitch or GO/NO GO slew rate testing of operational amplifiers.
Page 161: Table 3-8: Pulse Trigger Definitions
Triggering on Waveforms Trigger Class = Runt Figure 3–49: Pulse Trigger Readouts Table 3–8: Pulse trigger definitions Name Definition Glitch positive Triggering occurs if the oscilloscope detects positive spike widths less than the specified glitch time. Glitch negative Triggering occurs if the oscilloscope detects negative spike widths less than the specified glitch time.
Page 162 Triggering on Waveforms Table 3–8: Pulse trigger definitions (cont.) Name Definition Slew positive Triggering occurs if the oscilloscope detects a positive pulse edge that after first crossing the lower threshold then crosses the upper threshold. The pulse must travel between the two levels at a rate faster or slower than (user specifies) the user-specified slew rate for triggering to occur.
Page 163 Triggering on Waveforms Figure 3–50: Main Trigger Menu — Glitch Class Select the Source. To specify which channel becomes the pulse trigger source: Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Pulse (pop-up) Source (main) Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, or Ch4 (side). The source selected becomes the trigger source for all four trigger classes.
Page 164 Triggering on Waveforms Set to Accept or Reject Glitch. To specify whether to trigger on glitches or ignore glitches, press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Pulse (pop-up) Class (main) Glitch (pop-up) Glitch (main) Accept Glitch or Reject Glitch (side). If you choose Accept Glitch, the oscilloscope will trigger only on pulses narrower than the width you specified.
Page 165 Triggering on Waveforms Select the Source. To specify which channel becomes the pulse trigger source: Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Pulse (pop-up) Source (main) Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, or Ch4 (side). The source selected becomes the trigger source for all four trigger classes. Select the Polarity.
Page 166 Triggering on Waveforms Selected trigger bar at upper threshold. Unselected trigger bar at lower threshold. Runt Pulse Crosses First Threshold Only, Recrosses First Threshold Level, and Triggers Acquisition Figure 3–51: Main Trigger Menu — Runt Class Note the position of the trigger indicator in Figure 3–51. Triggering occurs at the point the pulse returns over the first (lower) threshold going negative without crossing the second threshold level (upper).
Page 167 Triggering on Waveforms Set the Mode and Holdoff. Mode and holdoff can be set for all standard trigger types and classes. To set mode and holdoff, refer to Set Mode & Holdoff on page 3–85. To learn more about trigger mode and holdoff, see Trigger Modes and Trigger Holdoff on page 3–75.
Page 168 Triggering on Waveforms 3. To set the range of pulse widths in units of time, press Upper Limit (side) and Lower Limit (side). Enter the values with the general purpose knob or keypad. The Upper Limit is the maximum valid pulse width the trigger source will look for.
Page 169 Triggering on Waveforms Negative monitors the slew rate of the negative-going edges of pulses. The edge must first cross the upper threshold and then cross the lower threshold. Either monitors positive- and negative-going edges of pulses. The edge may first cross either threshold and then cross the other. Set the Slew Rate.
Page 170 Triggering on Waveforms Set to Trig When. The oscilloscope compares the pulse edge of the trigger source against the slew rate setting read out in the Trigger When menu. To select whether to trigger on edges with slew rates faster than or slower than that indicated in readout, do the following step: Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main)
Page 171 Triggering on Waveforms Cursors Measure Slew Rate Components of Pulse Edge—dv and dt Trigger Bar at Upper Threshold Trigger Point at Second Crossing Trigger Bar at Lower Threshold Figure 3–52: Main Trigger Menu — Slew Rate Class H The Trigger When side menu displays the readout Slew Rate that indicates the slew rate setting.
Page 172 Triggering on Waveforms H The Trigger When side menu indicates the oscilloscope will trigger on pulses with slew rates slower than the slew rate setting. Since the pulse edge slews at 20 mV/ns, which is faster than the slew rate setting of 16 mV/ns, the oscilloscope triggers.
Page 173 Triggering on Waveforms Either causes a trigger to occur if the signal stays lower or stays higher than the trigger level for longer than the timeout value. Time. To set the timeout time: 1. Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Pulse (pop-up) Class (main) Timeout (pop-up) Time (main)
Page 174: Table 3-9: Comm Triggers
Triggering on Waveforms Communications Triggering The TDS Oscilloscope can trigger on communication signals (option 2C only). Table 3–9 lists the available standards, codes, and bit rates. This section describes how to use Comm triggering — how to select the Source, Code, bit rate, telecom Standard, Pulse Form, Level or Threshold, and Mode and Holdoff.
Page 175 Triggering on Waveforms Table 3–9: Comm triggers (cont.) Standard Name Code Bit Rate 1.544 Mb/s DS1A 2.048 Mb/s DS1C 3.152 Mb/s 6.312 Mb/s DS3/DS3 Rate 44.736 Mb/s DS4NA 139.26 Mb/s STS-1 51.84 Mb/s STS-3 155.52 Mb/s FC133 132.8 Mb/s FC266 265.6 Mb/s FC531 531.2 Mb/s...
Page 176 Triggering on Waveforms To Select a Source To select which source you want for the trigger: Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Comm (pop-up) Source (main) Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, or Ch4 (side). To Specify Code To select the code, press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Comm (pop-up)
Page 177: Table 3-10: Communications Pulse Forms
Triggering on Waveforms To Select a To select the standard and bit rate of the communication signal that triggering Communications will occur on: Standard 1. Press TRIGGER MENU Type (main) Comm (pop-up) Stan- dard (main). 2. Select an standard from the side menu. Only standards for the selected Code are displayed.
Page 178: Delayed Triggering
Triggering on Waveforms Level lets you enter the trigger level using the general purpose knob or the keypad. Set to TTL fixes the trigger level at +1.4 V. Set to ECL fixes the trigger level at –1.3 V. Set to 50% fixes the trigger level to approximately 50% of the peak-to-peak value of the trigger source signal.
Page 179 Triggering on Waveforms Wait for Wait for Delayed Triggerable Wait User-specified Delayed Acquire Main After Time Time Data Trigger Trigger Event Wait the User-specified Delayed Triggerable Number of Delayed After Events Trigger Events Wait the Wait Delayed Triggerable User-specified User-specified After Events/Time Number of Delayed Time...
Page 180 Triggering on Waveforms 2. Use the general purpose knob or the keypad to set the delay time. If you press Intensified (side), you display an intensified zone on the main timebase record that shows where the delayed timebase record occurs relative to the main trigger.
Page 181 Triggering on Waveforms Posttrigger Record Pretrigger Record Delayed Runs After Main Delayed Trigger Waveform Record Main Trigger Point Main Trigger Source Time Delay Start Posttrigger Acquisition (From Horiz Menu) Delayed Triggerable By Events Delayed Trigger Waveform Record Main Trigger Point Main Trigger Source...
Page 182 Triggering on Waveforms 4. If Type is set to Pulse, press Class (main) and change it to either Glitch or Width as fits your application. Runt and Slew Rate pulse classes are incompatible with Delayed Triggerable. 5. Press HORIZONTAL MENU Time Base (main) Delayed Only (side)
Page 183 Triggering on Waveforms Figure 3–57: Delayed Trigger Menu 8. Press Source (main) Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4, or DC Aux (side). NOTE. Selecting DC Aux as source in BOTH the main and delayed triggering menus forces main and delayed trigger levels to adjust in tandem. As long as their source remains DC Aux, adjusting the trigger level for either system adjusts it for both systems.
Page 184 Triggering on Waveforms 11. Press Level (main) Level, Set to TTL, Set to ECL, or Set to 50% (side). Level lets you enter the delayed trigger level using the general purpose knob or the keypad. Set to TTL fixes the trigger level at +1.4 V. Set to ECL fixes the trigger level at –1.3 V.
Page 185 Triggering on Waveforms 3–124 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 186: Measuring Waveforms
Measuring Waveforms To make the best use of the TDS Oscilloscope when taking measurements, you need to know how to use the five types, or classes, of measurements it can take. This section describes how to take the following classes of measurements (Fig- ure 3–58 shows four measurement classes): H Automated for automatically taking and displaying waveform measurements H Cursor for measuring the difference (either in time or voltage) between two...
Page 187: Table 3-11: Measurement Definitions
Measuring Waveforms Taking Automated Measurements The TDS Oscilloscope provides the feature Measure for automatically taking and displaying waveform measurements. This section describes how to set up the oscilloscope to let it do the work of taking measurements for you. Because automatic measurements use the waveform record points, they are generally more accurate and quicker than cursor and graticule measurements.
Page 188 Measuring Waveforms Table 3–11: Measurement definitions (cont.) Name Definition Cycle RMS Voltage measurement. The true Root Mean Square voltage over the first cycle in the waveform or the first cycle in the gated region. Delay Timing measurement. The time between the MidRef crossings of two different traces or the gated region of the traces.
Page 189 Measuring Waveforms Table 3–11: Measurement definitions (cont.) Name Definition Phase Timing measurement. The amount one waveform leads or lags another in time. Expressed in degrees, where 360_ comprise one waveform cycle. Period Timing measurement. Time it takes for the first complete signal cycle to happen in the waveform or gated region.
Page 190 Measuring Waveforms Measurement Readout Area Figure 3–59: Measurement Readouts with Statistics Display Measurements To use the automatic measurements you first need to obtain a stable display of the waveform to be measured. (Pressing AUTOSET may help.) Once you have a stable display, perform the following steps (see Figure 3–60): 1.
Page 191 Measuring Waveforms Figure 3–60: Measure Menu H Be careful when taking automatic measurements using Extended Acquisition mode and high levels of waveform compression. The compression may remove signal attributes required by some measurements. Remove Measurements The Remove Measrmnt selection provides explicit choices for removing measurements from the display according to their readout position.
Page 192 Measuring Waveforms When gating is activated, vertical cursors are displayed. Use these cursors to define the section of the waveform you want the oscilloscope to measure. (This section is called the gated region.) Do the following steps to gate a measurement: 1.
Page 193 Measuring Waveforms NOTE. Cursors are displayed relative to the selected waveform. If you are making a measurement using two waveforms, this behavior can be a source of confusion. If you turn off horizontal locking and adjust the horizontal position of one waveform independent of the other, the cursors appear at the requested position with respect to the selected waveform.
Page 194 Measuring Waveforms Then choose whether the References are set in % relative to High (100%) and Low (0%) or set explicitly in the units of the selected waveform (typically volts). See Figure 3–62. Use the general purpose knob or keypad to enter the values. % is the default selection.
Page 195 Measuring Waveforms Take a Delay The delay measurement lets you measure from an edge on the selected waveform Measurement to an edge on another waveform. To take a delay measurement, do the following steps: 1. TDS 600B: Press MEASURE Select Measrmnt (main) Delay (side) Delay To (main)
Page 196 Measuring Waveforms 4. TDS 600B: Press MEASURE Select Measrmnt (main) Delay (side) Edges (main). 5. TDS 500D and TDS 700D: Press MEASURE Measure (pop-up) Select Measrmnt (main) Delay (side) Edges (main). A side menu of delay edges and directions will appear. Choose from one of the combinations displayed on the side menu using the following information: H The selection you choose defines which edges you want the delayed measurement to be made between.
Page 197 Measuring Waveforms To use Snapshot, obtain a stable display of the waveform to be measured (pressing AUTOSET may help). Then do the following steps: 1. TDS 600B: Press MEASURE SNAPSHOT (main). 2. TDS 500D and TDS 700D: Press MEASURE Measure (pop-up) SNAPSHOT (main).
Page 198 Measuring Waveforms Consider the following rules when taking a snapshot: H Be sure to display the waveform properly before taking a snapshot. Snapshot does not warn you if a waveform is improperly scaled (clipped, low signal amplitude, low resolution, etc.). H To vary the source for taking a snapshot, simply select another channel, math, or ref memory waveform and then execute snapshot again.
Page 199: Taking Cursor Measurements
Measuring Waveforms To display measurement statistics, obtain a stable display of the waveform to be measured. Then do the following steps: 1. Press MEASURE Measure (pop-up) Statistics (main) Statistics Min/Max or Statistics Mean/StdDev (side). Statistics Min/Max — Display the minimum and maximum statistics for measurements.
Page 200 Measuring Waveforms Cursor Types There are three cursor types: horizontal bar, vertical bar, and paired (see Figure 3–65). Horizontal Bar Cursors Vertical Bar Cursors Paired Cursors Figure 3–65: Cursor Types Horizontal bar cursors measure vertical parameters (typically volts). Vertical bar cursors measure horizontal parameters (typically time or frequency). Paired cursors measure both vertical parameters (typically volts) and horizontal parameters (typically time) simultaneously.
Page 201 Measuring Waveforms In tracking mode, you normally move both cursors in tandem using the general purpose knob. The two cursors remain a fixed distance (time or voltage) from each other. Press SELECT to temporarily suspend cursor tracking. You can then use the general purpose knob to adjust the distance of the solid cursor relative to the dashed cursor.
Page 202 Measuring Waveforms Paired. The value after one D shows the voltage difference between the two Xs; the other D shows the time (or frequency) difference between the two long vertical bars. The value after @ shows the voltage at the X of the selected cursor relative to ground.
Page 203 Measuring Waveforms Position of Vertical Bar Cursors (Useful for Locating Cursors Outside the Display) Cursor Readout (Paired) Non-selected Cursor (Dashed Vertical Bar) Selected Cursor (Solid Vertical Bar) Figure 3–68: Paired Cursor Menu and Readouts Set Mode and Adjust To select the cursor mode and adjust the cursors in either mode, do the following the Cursors steps: 1.
Page 204 Measuring Waveforms H To adjust both cursors in tracking mode, use the general purpose knob to move both cursors. H To adjust the distance between cursors in tracking mode, press SELECT to temporarily suspend cursor tracking. Then use the general purpose knob to adjust the distance of the solid cursor relative to the dashed cursor.
Page 205: Taking Graticule Measurements
Measuring Waveforms To find information on cursor units with video waveforms, see the TDS Family Option 05 Video Trigger Interface, if your oscilloscope is equipped with the video trigger option. Taking Graticule Measurements The TDS Oscilloscope provides a graticule for measuring the difference (either in time or amplitude) between two points on a waveform record.
Page 206: Displaying Histograms (Tds 500D And Tds 700D Models Only)
Measuring Waveforms Measure Waveform Time To measure the time of a waveform, repeat the process just described, but count the horizontal divisions and multiply by the horizontal scale factor. For example, if you count five major horizontal graticule divisions for one waveform cycle at a horizontal scale factor of 50 mS/division, then you can easily calculate the waveform period as: 50 mS/division = 250 ms, or 4 kHz.
Page 207 Measuring Waveforms H Vertical displays a vertical histogram that shows how your vertical units vary in the histogram box. A vertical histogram is displayed starting at the left edge of the graticule. The size of the max bin is controlled by the Histogram Size side menu.
Page 208 Measuring Waveforms To Move the Histogram To move the histogram box without changing its size, press MEASURE Measure (main) Histogram (pop-up) Histogram Box Limits (main). Then toggle Move Box (side) to Horizontal or Vertical and use the general purpose knob to move the histogram box. (The SELECT button will also toggle Move Box.) Histogram Measurement The TDS Oscilloscope provides you with 10 histogram measurements.
Page 209: Mask Testing (Option 2C Only)
Measuring Waveforms Display Histogram To display histogram measurements you first need to obtain a stable display of Measurements your waveform. (Pressing AUTOSET may help.) Once you have a stable display, press MEASURE to bring up the Measure menu. (See Figure 3–60.) 1.
Page 210 Measuring Waveforms Setting Mask Options Set mask options to determine which waveform the masks are compared against, to turn masks on or off, to enable Autoset to a mask, to enable offset adjustment to masks, and to enable the digital waveform filter (see Figure 3–70). To select the channel that is compared against the selected mask, press MEA- SURE Measure (main)
Page 211 Measuring Waveforms NOTE. If you select Manual, some controls are automatically adjusted; if you select Auto, a complete Autoset is performed. Also, if a user mask is active, Autoset adjusts the selected trace to match the last standard mask selected, if possible.
Page 212 Measuring Waveforms Counting Masks After selecting a mask, setting mask options, and adjusting the time base position, you can enable mask counting and see counting results. To enable mask counting, press MEASURE Measure (main) Masks (pop-up) Mask Counting (main) Count Masks (side). If you use mask counting with DPO, see To Set the Accumulation Depth on page 3–64 for additional information.
Page 213 Measuring Waveforms Set the Failure Threshold Hit counts greater than or equal to the Pass/Fail Failure Threshold are a test failure. To set the threshold, press MEASURE Measure (main) Masks (pop-up) Mask Counting (main) Pass/Fail Failure Threshold (side). Then use the general purpose knob or keypad to set the failure threshold. Set the Minimum Number The test continues until the minimum number of waveforms has been acquired.
Page 214 Measuring Waveforms 2. To set the margin percentage, press Margin Percentage (side). Then use the general purpose knob or the keypad to set the percentage. Mask margin percentage moves the mask boundaries to reflect the selected margin. Negative margins make it easier to pass a mask test. Editing a Mask You may create or edit user masks.
Page 215 Measuring Waveforms When creating masks, remember the following operating characteristics and refer to Figure 3–71: H Locate one point along the left edge or right edge of the mask further left or further right than any other point. H Points are connected left to right. Top/bottom These points form dividing line...
Page 216: Table 3-13: Standard Masks
Measuring Waveforms Table 3–13: Standard masks SONET ITU-T T1.102 Fibre channel Video Ethernet Miscellaneous None None None None None None None OC1/STM0 DS–0 Sgl FC133 4fsc NTSC “D2” Gigabit Ethernet FDDI Halt 51.84 Mb/s Single 1.544 Mb/s Optical 132.8 Mb/s 143.18 Mb/s Optical 1.25 Gb/s 125 Mb/s...
Page 217: Optimizing Measurement Accuracy: Spc And Probe Cal
Measuring Waveforms Optimizing Measurement Accuracy: SPC and Probe Cal The TDS Oscilloscope provides three features that optimize measurement accuracy. Signal Path Compensation (SPC) lets you compensate the internal signal path used to acquire the waveforms and measure based on the ambient temperature.
Page 218 Measuring Waveforms STOP. When doing steps 3 and 4, do not turn off the oscilloscope until signal path compensation completes. If you interrupt (or lose) power to the instrument while signal path compensation is running, a message is logged in the oscillo- scope error log.
Page 219 Measuring Waveforms Channel/Probe Deskew The TDS Oscilloscopes allow you to adjust a relative time delay for each channel. This feature lets you align the signals to compensate for the fact that signals may come in from cables of differing lengths. The oscilloscope applies deskew values after it completes each acquisition;...
Page 220 Measuring Waveforms NOTE. Probe Cal is not recommended with the P6139A passive probe. This probe typically has little gain and offset error, and therefore, the improvement in performance after a Probe Cal is not worth the time needed to do the Probe Cal. Probe Cal makes significant performance improvements when performed with active probes or older passive probes.
Page 221 Measuring Waveforms STOP. Your oscilloscope will detect the type of probe you have installed and display screen messages and menu choices for compensation of probe gain, offset, or both. (See Figure 3–73.) The following steps will have you run probe gain, offset, or both depending on the probe the oscilloscope detects.
Page 222 Measuring Waveforms H If gain compensation did not complete successfully, you may get a “Probe is not connected” message (examine the probe connections to the digitizing oscilloscope, be sure the probe tip is properly installed in its retractor, etc., and repeat step 10). H If gain compensation did not complete successfully, you may get the message “Compensation Error.”...
Page 223 Measuring Waveforms 19. After the clock icon is removed, verify the word Initialized changed to Pass under Cal Probe in the main menu. (See Figure 3–73.) 20. If desired, repeat this procedure beginning at step 1 to compensate for other probe/channel combinations.
Page 224 Measuring Waveforms H If a probe has a simple oscilloscope interface and the probe attenuation factor is the same as was stored at the last Probe Cal, the oscilloscope cannot determine whether it is the same probe. Therefore, it displays the Re-use Probe Calibration data? menu.
Page 225: Table 3-14: Probe Cal Status
Measuring Waveforms NOTE. If the Re-use Probe Calibration data menu is displayed, do not select OK Use Existing Data if the probe currently installed is not of the same impedance stored for the Probe Cal. For example, if the last Probe Cal stored for a channel was done with a passive 50 W probe installed, do not install a passive 1 MW probe and select OK Use Existing Data if the menu appears.
Page 226: Saving Waveforms And Setups
Saving Waveforms and Setups The TDS Oscilloscope can save and recall the waveforms you measure and the setups you use to measure them. It can also output or save a copy of its display screen. This section describes how to use the following features to save, recall, and document your measurements: H Save/Recall Setups, for saving the setups you create to internal memory or to a disk (the disk can be a floppy disk, the optional hard disk, or an external...
Page 227 Saving Waveforms and Setups To Save a Setup To save the current setup of the oscilloscope: 1. Press SAVE/RECALL SETUP Save Current Setup (main). STOP. Before doing step 2 that follows, note that if you choose a setup location labeled user, you will overwrite the user setup previously stored there. You can store setups in setup locations labeled factory without disturbing previously stored setups.
Page 228 Saving Waveforms and Setups NOTE. Upon power on, the oscilloscope creates the “wild card” file, marked in the file utilities menu by the name TEK?????.SET and by a wild card icon as shown on the left of this page, for storing setups. Selecting this file in step 3 stores a setup in a uniquely named, sequentially numbered file.
Page 229: Saving And Recalling Waveforms And Acquisitions
Saving Waveforms and Setups Executing Tek Secure accomplishes the following tasks: H Replaces all waveforms in reference memories with zero sample values. H Replaces the current front panel setup and all setups stored in setup memory with the factory setup. H Calculates the checksums of all waveform memory and setup memory locations to verify successful completion of setup and waveform erasure.
Page 230 Saving Waveforms and Setups The oscilloscope can display up to 11 waveforms at one time. That includes waveforms from the four input channels, four reference waveforms, and three math waveforms. You can save any combination of different size waveform records. You will find saving waveforms useful when working with many waveforms and channels.
Page 231 Saving Waveforms and Setups Figure 3–76: Save Waveform Menu NOTE. Using this procedure to save an extended acquisition only saves the waveform. In this case, if the trigger position is shown at 0% or 100%, the actual position may be outside the saved waveform. 4.
Page 232 Saving Waveforms and Setups To Save an Acquisition To save an acquisition, do the following steps: (Option 2M Only) 1. Select the channel that has the acquisition you want to save. 2. To store a waveform internally, press SAVE/RECALL WAVEFORM Extended (pop-up) Save Acq (main).
Page 233 Saving Waveforms and Setups Recalling an image histogram stops acquisitions. To Change Format To select the format that the oscilloscope uses to save waveforms to a disk: TDS 600B: Press save/recall WAVEFORM Save Format (main) Internal, MathCad, or Spreadsheet (side). TDS 500D and TDS700D: Press save/recall WAVEFORM Normal or Extended (pop-up)
Page 234 Saving Waveforms and Setups To Delete All Waveforms To remove all stored reference waveforms and setups, use the feature called Tek and Setups Secure. See To Delete All Setups and Waveforms on page 3–167. To Display a To display a waveform in internal reference memory: Saved Waveform Press MORE Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, or Ref4 (main).
Page 235 Saving Waveforms and Setups Then use the general purpose knob to select the exact file from the resulting scrollbar list. Only files with .WFM extensions are displayed. Finally, press To Ref1, To Ref2, To Ref3, or To Ref4 (side) to complete the operation. To Recall an Acquisition To recall an acquisition from disk to an acquisition channel, press SAVE/RE- From Disk (Option 2M...
Page 236: Managing The File System
Saving Waveforms and Setups To rearm the oscilloscope for taking a new autosave single acquisition sequence, press RUN/STOP. To avoid loss of reference waveforms, you can save them to disk (use the SAVE/RECALL WAVEFORM menu), before rearming the oscilloscope. Consider the following operating characteristics when using autosave. H Autosave saves all “live”...
Page 237 Saving Waveforms and Setups 2. TDS 500D and TDS700D: Press the SAVE/RECALL SETUP button to bring up the Save/Recall Setup menu, or press SAVE/RECALL WAVE- FORM Normal or Extended (pop-up) to bring up the Save/Recall Waveform menu, or press the SHIFT HARDCOPY button to bring up the Hardcopy menu.
Page 238 Saving Waveforms and Setups To Delete To delete a file or directory, turn the general purpose knob until it scrolls the cursor over the line marked with both the name of the file or directory to delete and the file icon or directory icon as shown to the left of this page. Then, press the side menu Delete button.
Page 239 Saving Waveforms and Setups To Copy To copy a file or directory, turn the general purpose knob until it scrolls the cursor over the name of the file to copy. Then, press the side menu Copy button. The file menu will reappear with the names of directories to copy to. Select a disk and directory and press the side-menu button labelled Copy <name>...
Page 240 Saving Waveforms and Setups To Set Overwrite Lock To turn on or off the file overwrite lock, toggle the side menu Overwrite Lock button. When overwrite lock is on, the oscilloscope will not permit you to write over an existing file of the same name. An important reason to allow overwriting is to let you write files using a target file name that contains wild card characters (“?”).
Page 241: Printing A Hardcopy
Saving Waveforms and Setups The oscilloscope determines if a printer or Zip drive is attached at power up. Changing, and then attempting to use, the I/O device after power-up will generate an error message. To Find More Information See Saving and Recalling Setups, on page 3–165. See Saving and Recalling Waveforms and Acquisitions, on page 3–168.
Page 242 Saving Waveforms and Setups Supported Formats The oscilloscope prints hardcopies of its display in many formats, which allows you to choose from a wide variety of hardcopy devices. It also makes it easier for you to place oscilloscope screen copies into a desktop publishing system. The oscilloscope supports the following formats: H HP Thinkjet inkjet printer H HP Deskjet inkjet printer...
Page 243 EPS Mono and Color formats are compatible with Tektronix Phaser Color Printers, HPGL is compatible with the Tektronix HC100 Plotter, and Epson is compatible with the Tektronix HC200 Printer. To Set Up for Making...
Page 244 Saving Waveforms and Setups Set Hardcopy Parameters. To specify the hardcopy format, layout, and type of port using the hardcopy menu, do the following steps: 1. Press SHIFT HARDCOPY MENU to bring up the Hardcopy menu. 2. Press Format (main) Thinkjet, Deskjet, DeskjetC, Laserjet, Epson, DPU-411, DPU-412, PCX, PCX Color, TIFF, BMP Mono, BMP Color, RLE Color, EPS Mono Img, EPS Color Img, EPS Mono Plt, EPS Color...
Page 245 Saving Waveforms and Setups The menu item File chooses a disk drive as the destination for hardcopies. See To Save to a Disk on page 3–188. The disk drive can be either the floppy disk drive, a hard disk (optional), or a Zip drive. When a Zip drive is attached, File is selected and Centronics is grayed out.
Page 246 Saving Waveforms and Setups Date and Time Display Figure 3–82: Date and Time Display Set the Date and Time. You might need to set the date and time of the oscillo- scope. To set those parameters, do the following steps: 1.
Page 247 Centronics Cable Figure 3–83: Connecting the Oscilloscope Directly to the Hardcopy Device Some devices, such as the Tektronix HC100 Plotter, use the GPIB interface. Many printers, such as the Tektronix HC200, use Centronics interfaces. Many hardcopy devices, including the HC100 and HC200 with option 03, provide RS-232 support.
Page 248 Saving Waveforms and Setups While the hardcopy is being sent to the printer, the oscilloscope will display the message “Hardcopy in process — Press HARDCOPY to abort.” Abort. To stop and discard the hardcopy being sent, press HARDCOPY again while the hardcopy in process message is still on screen. Add to the Spool.
Page 249 Saving Waveforms and Setups Although not guaranteed, usually about 2.5 hardcopies can be spooled before the oscilloscope must wait to send the rest of the third copy. To Save to a Disk To send hardcopies to a disk, do the following steps: 1.
Page 250 GPIB Cable Connecting the Oscilloscope and Hardcopy Device Via a PC Figure 3–84: Print. If your controller is PC-compatible and it uses the Tektronix GURUT or S3FG210 (National Instruments GPIB-PCII/IIA) GPIB package, do the following steps to print a hardcopy: 1.
Page 251 Saving Waveforms and Setups NOTE. If you defined another name, use it instead of “DEV1”. Also, remember that the device address of the oscilloscope as set with the IBCONF.EXE program should match the address set in the oscilloscope Utility menu (typically, use “1”).
Page 252: Communicating With Remote Instruments
H Status and event reporting To simplify the development of GPIB systems, include instruments that use Tektronix defined codes and formats for messages that travel over the GPIB. Each device that follows these codes and formats, such as this oscilloscope, supports standard commands.
Page 253 Obtain the Proper Interconnect Cabling. To connect the oscilloscope to a GPIB network, obtain at least one GPIB cable. Connecting two GPIB devices requires an IEEE Std 488.1-1987 GPIB cable (available from Tektronix, part number 012-0991-00). The standard GPIB cable connects to a 24-pin GPIB connector located on the rear panel of the oscilloscope.
Page 254 Saving Waveforms and Setups Figure 3–86: Stacking GPIB Connectors To Set Up for Remote To set up remote communications, be sure your setup will meet GPIB protocol Operation and interface requirements just described. Then do the following procedures. Connect the Oscilloscope to the GPIB. To connect the oscilloscope, plug an IEEE Std 488.2-1987 GPIB cable into the GPIB connector on the oscilloscope rear panel and into the GPIB port on your controller.
Page 255 Saving Waveforms and Setups Select GPIB Port. To select the GPIB port, press SHIFT UTILITY System (main) I/O (pop-up) Port (main) GPIB (pop-up). Configure the GPIB Port. You must set two important GPIB parameters: mode and address. To set those parameters: Press SHIFT UTILITY System (main)
Page 256 Saving Waveforms and Setups GPIB Configuration Menu Figure 3–88: Utility Menu To Find More Information See Printing a Hardcopy, on page 3–180. See the TDS Programmer Manual disk. 3–195 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 257 Saving Waveforms and Setups 3–196 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 258 Determining Status and Accessing Help The TDS Oscilloscope can display the status of its internal systems. It also provides an on-line help system. This section describes how to use the following two features: H Status which displays a snapshot of system, display, trigger, waveform, and I/O settings H Help which displays a screen of brief information about each oscilloscope control when that control is operated...
Page 259 Determining Status and Accessing Help Firmware Version Figure 3–89: Status Menu — System 3–198 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 260 Determining Status and Accessing Help Displaying the Banner To display the banner (lists firmware version, options, copyright, and patents): Press SHIFT STATUS Banner (main). (See Figure 3–90.) Figure 3–90: Banner Display Displaying Help To use the on-line help system: Press HELP to provide on-screen information on any front panel button, knob or menu item.
Page 261 Determining Status and Accessing Help Figure 3–91: Initial Help Screen When you press that button, the instrument changes mode to support on-line help. Press HELP again to return to regular operating mode. Whenever the oscilloscope is in help mode, pressing any button (except HELP or SHIFT), turning any knob, or pressing any menu item displays help text on the screen that discusses that control.
Page 262 Using Features for Advanced Applications The TDS Oscilloscope provides powerful features for testing and digitally proces- sing the waveforms you acquire. This section describes how to use the following features: H Limit Testing — for testing the waveforms you acquire against a template you create (on this page) H Waveform Math —...
Page 263 Using Features for Advanced Applications Figure 3–92: Comparing a Waveform to a Limit Template To do the tasks just listed, do the following procedures: To Create Limit Test To use an incoming or stored waveform to create the limit test template, first you Template select a source and specify a template destination.
Page 264 Using Features for Advanced Applications Figure 3–93: Acquire Menu — Create Limit Test Template 4. Press V Limit (side). Enter the vertical (voltage) tolerance value using the general purpose knob or keypad. 5. Press H Limit (side). Enter the horizontal (time) tolerance value using the general purpose knob or keypad.
Page 265 Using Features for Advanced Applications To view the template you have created, press the MORE button. Then press the button corresponding to the destination reference memory you have used. The waveform appears on the display. NOTE. To view the waveform data as well as the template envelope, it might be useful to select the Dots display style.
Page 266 Using Features for Advanced Applications 2. Ensure that the side button corresponding to the desired action reads ON. H If you want to send a hardcopy command when waveform data exceeds the limits set, toggle Hardcopy if Condition Met (side) to ON. You can set the hardcopy system to send the hardcopy to the file system.
Page 267 Using Features for Advanced Applications Multiple Waveform You can also compare more than one waveform against a single template, or Comparisons more than one waveform with each one compared against its own template or a common template. When setting up for such comparisons, consider the following operating characteristics: H You should set Horizontal Lock to None in the Zoom side menu (push ZOOM and press (repeatedly) Horizontal Lock to None).
Page 268 Using Features for Advanced Applications To Use Single Wfm Math To perform waveform math, use the More menu (Figure 3–94). The More menu allows you to display, define, and manipulate three math waveforms; the following steps explain how to create a math waveform based on a single source waveform: 1.
Page 269 Using Features for Advanced Applications To Use Dual Wfm Math To create a math waveform that requires two waveform sources, do the following steps: 1. Press MORE Math1, Math2, or Math3 (main) Change Math waveform definition (side) Dual Wfm Math (main). 2.
Page 270 Using Features for Advanced Applications 5. Press OK Create Math Wfm (side) to perform the function. To Average a Math You can also select whether or not you wish to average a certain math waveform; Waveform to do so, perform the following steps: 1.
Page 271 Using Features for Advanced Applications The FFT computes and displays the frequency content of a waveform you acquire as an FFT math waveform. This frequency domain waveform is based on the following equation: j2pnk X(k) + for : k + 0 to N * 1 x(n)e Where: x(n) is a point in the time domain record data array...
Page 272 Using Features for Advanced Applications Normal Waveform of an Impulse Response FFT Waveform of the Magnitude Response FFT Waveform of the Phase Response Figure 3–96: System Response to an Impulse To Create an FFT To obtain an FFT of your waveform, do the following steps: 1.
Page 273 Using Features for Advanced Applications Figure 3–97: Define FFT Waveform Menu 7. Press Set FFT Vert Scale to (side) repeatedly to choose from the following vertical scale types: dBV RMS — Magnitude is displayed using log scale, expressed in dB relative to 1 V where 0 dB =1 V Linear RMS —...
Page 274 Using Features for Advanced Applications 8. Press Set FFT Window to (side) repeatedly to choose from the following window types: Rectangular — Best type of window for resolving frequencies that are very close to the same value but worst for accurately measuring the amplitude of those frequencies.
Page 275 Using Features for Advanced Applications Figure 3–98: FFT Math Waveform in Math1 To Take Cursor Once you have displayed an FFT math waveform, use cursors to measure its Measurements of an FFT frequency amplitude or phase angle. 1. Be sure MORE is selected in the channel selection buttons and that the FFT math waveform is selected in the More main menu.
Page 276 Using Features for Advanced Applications Figure 3–99 shows the cursor measurement of a frequency magnitude on an FFT. The @: readout reads 0 dB because it is aligned with the 1 V level. The D: readout reads 24.4 dB indicating the magnitude of the frequency it is measuring is –24.4 dB relative to 1 V .
Page 277 Using Features for Advanced Applications 9. Read the frequency difference between the cursors from the D: readout. Read the frequency of the selected cursor relative to the zero frequency point from the @: readout. The cursor units will always be in Hz, regardless of the setting in the Time Units side menu.
Page 278 Using Features for Advanced Applications Waveform Record — the complete waveform record acquired from an input channel and displayed from the same channel or a reference memory. The length of this time domain record is user-specified from the Horizontal menu. The waveform record is not a DSP Math waveform.
Page 279 Using Features for Advanced Applications FFTs Transform Time Records to Frequency Records. The FFT time domain record just described is input for the FFT. Figure 3–101 shows the transforma- tion of that time domain data record into an FFT frequency domain record. The resulting frequency domain record is one half the length of the FFT input because the FFT computes both positive and negative frequencies.
Page 280 Using Features for Advanced Applications Offset, Position, and Scale The following topics contain information to help you display your FFT properly. Adjust for a Non-Clipped Display. To properly display your FFT waveform, scale the source waveform so it is not clipped. H You should scale and position the source waveform so it is contained on screen.
Page 281 Using Features for Advanced Applications To speed up oscilloscope response when using long record lengths, you can save your source waveform in a reference memory and perform an FFT on the saved waveform. That way the DSP will compute the FFT based on saved, static data and will only update if you save a new waveform.
Page 282 Using Features for Advanced Applications Whether Zoom is on or off, you can press Reset (main) Reset Live Factors or Reset All Factors (side) to return the zoomed FFT waveform to no magnifi- cation. Zoom always uses either sin(x)/x or linear interpolation when expanding displayed waveforms.
Page 283 Using Features for Advanced Applications H Filter the input to bandwidth limit it to frequencies below that of the Nyquist frequency. H Recognize and ignore the aliased frequencies. If you think you have aliased frequencies in your FFT, select the source channel and adjust the horizontal scale to increase the sample rate.
Page 284 Using Features for Advanced Applications To measure the phase relative to most source waveforms, you need only to center the positive peak around the zero phase point. (For instance, center the positive half cycle for a sine or square wave around the zero phase point.) Use the following method: H First be sure the FFT math waveform is selected in the More menu, then set horizontal position to 50% in the Horizontal menu.
Page 285 Using Features for Advanced Applications You specify the phase suppression level in dB with respect to 1 V . If the magnitude of the frequency is greater than this threshold, then its phase angle will be displayed. However, if it is less than this threshold, then the phase angle will be set to zero and be displayed as zero degrees or radians.
Page 286 Using Features for Advanced Applications The FFT windowing acts like a bandpass filter between the FFT time domain record and the FFT frequency domain record. The shape of the window controls the ability of the FFT to resolve (separate) the frequencies and to accurately measure the amplitude of those frequencies.
Page 287 Using Features for Advanced Applications In step 8 (page 3–213) in To Create an FFT, the four windows are listed in order according to their ability to resolve frequencies versus their ability to accurately measure the amplitude of those frequencies. The list indicates that the ability of a given window to resolve a frequency is inversely proportional to its ability to accurately measure the amplitude of that frequency.
Page 288 Using Features for Advanced Applications Leakage results when the time domain waveform delivered to the FFT function contains a non-integer number of waveform cycles. Since there are fractions of cycles in such records, there are discontinuities at the ends of the record. These discontinuities cause energy from each discrete frequency to “leak”...
Page 289 Using Features for Advanced Applications FFT Window Type Bandpass Filter –3 dB Bandwidth Highest Side Lobe 0 dB 0.89 –13 dB Rectangular Window 0 dB 1.28 –43 dB Hamming Window 0 dB 1.28 –32 dB Hanning Window 0 dB 1.28 –94 dB Blackman-Harris Window -100...
Page 290 Using Features for Advanced Applications The math waveform, derived from the sampled waveform, is computed based on the following equation: + (X (n)1) Where: X is the source waveform Y is the derivative math waveform T is the time between samples Since the resultant math waveform is a derivative waveform, its vertical scale is in volts/second (its horizontal scale is in seconds).
Page 291 Using Features for Advanced Applications Derivative Math Waveform Source Waveform Figure 3–105: Derivative Math Waveform To Take Automated Once you have displayed your derivative math waveform, you can use automated Measurements measurements to make various parameter measurements. Do the following steps to display automated measurements of the waveform: 1.
Page 292 Using Features for Advanced Applications Figure 3–106: Peak-Peak Amplitude Measurement of a Derivative Waveform Offset, Position, and Scale The settings you make for offset, scale, and position affect the math waveform you obtain. Note the following tips for obtaining a good display: H You should scale and position the source waveform so it is contained on screen.
Page 293 Using Features for Advanced Applications Because of the method the oscilloscope uses to scale the source waveform before differentiating that waveform, the derivative math waveform may be too large vertically to fit on screen — even if the source waveform is only a few divisions on screen.
Page 294 Using Features for Advanced Applications Whether zoom is on or off, you can press Reset (main) Reset Live Factors or Reset All Factors (side) to return the zoomed derivative waveform to no magnification. Waveform Integration The Advanced DSP Math capabilities of the TDS Oscilloscope include waveform integration.
Page 295 Using Features for Advanced Applications To Create a Integral Math To obtain an integral math waveform, do the following steps: Waveform 1. Connect the waveform to the desired channel input and select that channel. 2. Adjust the vertical and horizontal scales and trigger the display (or press AUTOSET).
Page 296 Using Features for Advanced Applications Integral Math Waveform Source Waveform Figure 3–107: Integral Math Waveform To Take Cursor Once you have displayed your integrated math waveform, use cursors to measure Measurements its voltage over time. 1. Be sure MORE is selected (lighted) in the channel selection buttons and that the integrated math waveform is selected in the More main menu.
Page 297 Using Features for Advanced Applications Integral Math Waveform Source Waveform Figure 3–108: H Bars Cursors Measure an Integral Math Waveform 7. Press Function (main) V Bars (side). Use the general purpose knob to align one of the two vertical cursors to a point of interest along the horizon- tal axis of the waveform.
Page 298 Using Features for Advanced Applications 13. Read the following values from the cursor readouts: H Read the integrated voltage over time between the Xs of both paired cursors in volt-seconds from the D: readout. H Read the integrated voltage over time between the X of the selected cursor and the reference indicator of the math waveform from the @: readout.
Page 299 Using Features for Advanced Applications You may be able to avoid saturating your integral waveform if you choose a shorter record length. (Press HORIZONTAL MENU Record Length (main).) Reducing the sample rate (use the HORIZONTAL SCALE knob) with the source channel selected might also prevent clipping. You can also select AC coupling in the vertical menu of the source waveform or otherwise DC filter it before applying it to the oscilloscope input.
Page 300 Appendices...
Page 301: Table A-1: Options
Appendix A: Options and Accessories This appendix describes the various options as well as the standard and optional accessories that are available for the TDS Oscilloscope. Options Tektronix will ship the options shown in Table A–1: Table A–1: Options Option # Label...
Page 302 8 M acquisition length TDS 520D and TDS 724D: To 2 M samples on two channels and 4 M on one channel TDS 540D, TDS 580D, TDS 754D, TDS 784D, & TDS 794D: To 2 M samples on three or four channels, 4 M on two channels, and 8 M samples on one channel (Option includes a hard disk and is only available for the models listed above.)
Page 303 (Option applies only to TDS 500D and TDS 700D.) Active probe Add a 1 Ghz (probe only) P6243 active probe (Option applies only to TDS 754D, TDS 724D, TDS 540D, and TDS 520D.) Passive probe Add a 500 MHz P6139A 10X passive probe (Option applies only to TDS 784D and TDS 580D.)
Page 304: Table A-2: Standard Accessories
TDS 620B: Two P6139A probes P6139A TDS 540D: Four P6139A 10X, 500 MHz Passive probes P6139A TDS 520D and TDS 724D: P6139A Two P6139A 10X, 500 MHz Passive probes TDS 580D, TDS 680B, TDS 684B, TDS 784D, TDS 794D: No probes standard...
Page 305: Table A-3: Optional Accessories
Appendix A: Options and Accessories Optional Accessories You can also order the optional accessories listed in Table A–3. Table A–3: Optional accessories Accessory Part number Service Manual 071-0136-XX Oscilloscope Cart K420 Rack Mount Kit (for field conversion) 016-1236-00 Accessory Pouch (TDS 500D, TDS 620B, TDS 680B) 016-1268-00 Soft-Sided Carrying Case 016-0909-01...
Page 306: Table A-4: Recommended Probe Cross Reference
Appendix A: Options and Accessories Accessory Probes Table A–4 lists the recommended probes for each oscilloscope. Descriptions of each probe follow the table. Table A–4: Recommended Probe Cross Reference Probe 520D 580D 620B 680B 724D 784D 794D 540D 644B 684B 754D Specialty P6339A...
Page 307 Appendix A: Options and Accessories H P6701B Optical-to-Electrical Analog Converter: 500 to 950 nm (DC to 1 GHz, 1 V/mW) H P6703B Optical-to-Electrical Analog Converter: 1100 to 1700 nm (DC to 1.2 GHz, 1 V/mW) H P6723 Optical Logic Probe: 1310 to 1550 nm (20 to 650 Mb/s, –8 to –28 dBm H AFTDS Differential Signal Adapter H AMT75 75 W to 50 W Adapter...
Page 308 Appendix A: Options and Accessories H P5100 High Voltage Passive probe, 2.5 kV, DC to 250 MHz H P6015A High Voltage probe, 40 kV peak, 75 MHz H P5205 High Voltage differential probe, 1.3 kV (differential), DC to 100 MHz H P5210 Differential, high voltage probe, 5.6 kV (DC + peak AC) 50 MHz H ADA 400A differential preamp, switchable gain H AM 503S —...
Page 309: Table A-5: Accessory Software
Appendix A: Options and Accessories Accessory Software The optional accessories listed in Table A–5 are Tektronix software products recommended for use with your oscilloscope. Table A–5: Accessory software Software Part number Wavewriter: AWG and waveform creation S3FT400 WaveStarT: Waveform capture and documentation...
Page 310 Appendix A: Options and Accessories A–10 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 311 Appendix B: Algorithms The TDS Oscilloscope can take 25 automatic measurements. By knowing how it makes these calculations, you may better understand how to use your oscillo- scope and how to interpret your results. Measurement Variables The oscilloscope uses a variety of variables in its calculations. These include: High is the value used as the 100% level in measurements such as fall time and High, Low rise time.
Page 312 Appendix B: Algorithms Histogram Method — attempts to find the highest density of points above and below the waveform midpoint. It attempts to ignore ringing and spikes when determining the 0% and 100% levels. This method works well when measuring square waves and pulse waveforms.
Page 313 Appendix B: Algorithms LowRef — the waveform low reference level. Used in fall and rise time calculations. Typically set to 10%. You can set it from 0% to 100% or to a voltage level. Mid2Ref — the middle reference level for a second waveform (or the second middle reference of the same waveform).
Page 314 Appendix B: Algorithms MCross1, MCross2, and MCross3 — refer to the first, second, and third MidRef MCross Calculations cross times, respectively. (See Figure B–1.) The polarity of the crossings does not matter for these variables, but the crossings alternate in polarity; that is, MCross1 could be a positive or negative crossing, but if MCross1 is a positive crossing, MCross2 will be a negative crossing.
Page 315 Appendix B: Algorithms StartCycle — is the starting time for cycle measurements. It is a floating-point number with values between 0.0 and (RecordLength – 1.0), inclusive. StartCycle = MCross1 EndCycle — is the ending time for cycle measurements. It is a floating-point number with values between 0.0 and (RecordLength –...
Page 316 Appendix B: Algorithms Measurement Algorithms The automated measurements are defined and calculated as follows: Amplitude = High – Low Amplitude Area The arithmetic area for one waveform. Remember that one waveform is not necessarily equal to one cycle. For cyclical data you may prefer to use the cycle area rather than the arithmetic area.
Page 317 Appendix B: Algorithms Burst Width Timing measurement. The duration of a burst. 1. Find MCross1 on the waveform. This is MCrossStart. 2. Find the last MCross (begin the search at EndCycle and search toward StartCycle). This is MCrossStop. This could be a different value from MCross1.
Page 318 Appendix B: Algorithms Timing measurement. The amount of time between the MidRef and Mid2Ref Delay crossings of two different traces, or two different places on the same trace. Delay measurements are actually a group of measurements. To get a specific delay measurement, you must specify the target and reference crossing polarities and the reference search direction.
Page 319 Appendix B: Algorithms Fall Time High HighRef LowRef Figure B–2: Fall Time 3. From THF, continue the search, looking for a crossing of LowRef. Update THF if subsequent HighRef crossings are found. When a LowRef crossing is found, it becomes TLF. (Use linear interpolation if necessary.) 4.
Page 320 Appendix B: Algorithms 0% (lowest) voltage reference value calculated. (See High, Low on page B–1.) Using the min-max measurement technique: Low = Min Maximum Amplitude (voltage) measurement. The maximum voltage. Typically the most positive peak voltage. Examine all Waveform[ ] samples from Start to End inclusive, and set Max equal to the greatest magnitude Waveform[ ] value found.
Page 321 Appendix B: Algorithms Negative Duty Cycle Timing measurement. The ratio of the negative pulse width to the signal period expressed as a percentage. NegativeWidth is defined in Negative Width, below. If Period = 0 or undefined then return an error. NegativeWidth NegativeDutyCycle = 100%...
Page 322 Appendix B: Algorithms Period Timing measurement. Time taken for one complete signal cycle. The reciprocal of frequency. Measured in seconds. Period = MCross3 – MCross1 Phase Timing measurement. The amount of phase shift, expressed in degrees of the target waveform cycle, between the MidRef crossings of two different wave- forms.
Page 323 Appendix B: Algorithms Positive Duty Cycle Timing measurement. The ratio of the positive pulse width to the signal period, expressed as a percentage. PositiveWidth is defined in Positive Width, following. If Period = 0 or undefined then return an error. PositiveWidth PositiveDutyCycle = 100%...
Page 324 Appendix B: Algorithms 3. From TLR, continue the search, looking for a crossing of HighRef. Update TLR if subsequent LowRef crossings are found. If a HighRef crossing is found, it becomes the high rise time or THR. (Use linear interpolation if necessary.) 4.
Page 325 Appendix B: Algorithms Integration Algorithm The integration algorithm used by the oscilloscope is as follows: is approximated by where: W(t)dt (t)dt W(t) is the sampled waveform is the continuous function obtained by linear interpolation of W(t) A and B are numbers between 0.0 and RecordLength–1.0 If A and B are integers, then: W(i) ) W(i ) 1) (t)dt + s...
Page 326 Appendix B: Algorithms Measurements on Envelope Waveforms Time measurements on envelope waveforms must be treated differently from time measurements on other waveforms, because envelope waveforms contain so many apparent crossings. Unless otherwise noted, envelope waveforms use either the minima or the maxima (but not both), determined in the following manner: 1.
Page 327 Appendix B: Algorithms 2. If the pair > MidRef, use the minima, else use maxima. If all pairs straddle MidRef, use maxima. See Figure B–4. The Burst Width measurement always uses both maxima and minima to determine crossings. Missing or Out-of-Range Samples If some samples in the waveform are missing or off-scale, the measurements will linearly interpolate between known samples to make an “appropriate”...
Page 328 Appendix B: Algorithms B–18 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 329 170 kg (375 pound) test strength. 2. If you are shipping the oscilloscope to a Tektronix field office for repair, attach a tag to the oscilloscope showing the instrument owner and address, the name of the person to contact about the instrument, the instrument type, and the serial number.
Page 330 Appendix C: Packaging for Shipment C–2 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 331 Appendix D: Probe Selection The TDS Oscilloscope can use a variety of Tektronix probes for taking different kinds of measurements. To help you decide what type of probe you need, this section introduces the five major types of probes: passive, active, current, optical, and time-to-voltage probes.
Page 332 Appendix D: Probe Selection However, their 8 pF to 12 pF (over 60 pF for 1X) capacitive loading can distort timing and phase measurements. Use high input resistance passive probes for measurements involving: H Device characterization (above 15 V, thermal drift applications) H Maximum amplitude sensitivity using 1X high impedance H Large voltage range (between 15 and 500 V) H Qualitative or go/no-go measurements...
Page 333 Appendix D: Probe Selection Figure D–1: Typical High Voltage Probes Active Voltage Probes Active voltage probes, sometimes called “FET” probes, use active circuit elements such as transistors. There are three classes of active probes: H High speed active H Differential active H Fixtured active Active voltage measuring probes use active circuit elements in the probe design to process signals from the circuit under test.
Page 334 Current Probes Current probes enable you to directly observe and measure current waveforms, which can be very different from voltage signals. Tektronix current probes are unique in that they can measure from DC to 1 GHz. Two types of current probes are available: one that measures AC current only and AC/DC probes that utilize the Hall effect to accurately measure the AC and DC components of a signal.
Page 335 Appendix D: Probe Selection Use a current probe by clipping its jaws around the wire carrying the current that you want to measure. (Unlike an ammeter which you must connect in series with the circuit.) Because current probes are noninvasive, with loading typically in the milliohm to low W range, they are especially useful where low loading of the circuit is important.
Page 336 Appendix D: Probe Selection Applications include measuring the transient optical properties of lasers, LEDs, electro-optic modulators, and flashlamps. You can also use these probes in the development, manufacturing, and maintenance of fiber optic control networks, local area networks (LANs), fiber-based systems based on the FDDI, SONET, and Fiber Channel standards, optical disk devices, digital video, and high-speed fiber optic communications systems.
Page 337 Use a 75% isopropyl alcohol solution as a cleaner and rinse with deionized water. Before using any other type of cleaner, consult your Tektronix Service Center or representative. E–1 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 338: Table E-1: External Inspection Check List
Appendix E: Cleaning Inspection. Inspect the outside of the oscilloscope for damage, wear, and missing parts, using Table E–1 as a guide. Oscilloscopes that appear to have been dropped or otherwise abused should be checked thoroughly to verify correct operation and performance. Immediately repair defects that could cause personal injury or lead to further damage to the oscilloscope.
Page 339 Appendix F: Programmer Disk The TDS Family Programmer disk is a Microsoft Windows help file that covers operating your oscilloscope using the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) (optional on some oscilloscopes). The disk also includes some example programs. The program runs on a PC-compatible system with Microsoft Windows or Windows 95.
Page 340 Appendix F: Programmer Disk F–2 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 341 Glossary...
Page 342 Glossary 2 + 2 channel operation Two-plus-two channel operation limits the simultaneous display of channels to two of the four channels provided. Channels not displayed can be used to couple a triggering signal to the oscilloscope. AC coupling A type of signal transmission that blocks the DC component of a signal but uses the dynamic (AC) component.
Page 343 Glossary A logic (Boolean) function in which the output is true when and only when all the inputs are true. On the oscilloscope, that is a trigger logic pattern and state function. Area Measurement of the waveform area taken over the entire waveform or the gated region.
Page 344 Glossary Channel/probe deskew A relative time delay for each channel. This lets you align signals to compensate for the fact that signals may come in from cables of differing length. Channel Reference Indicator The indicator on the left side of the display that points to the position around which the waveform contracts or expands when vertical scale is changed.
Page 345 Glossary Digitizing The process of converting a continuous analog signal such as a waveform to a set of discrete numbers representing the amplitude of the signal at specific points in time. Digitizing is composed of two steps: sampling and quantizing. Display system The part of the oscilloscope that shows waveforms, measurements, menu items, status, and other parameters.
Page 346 Glossary Frequency A timing measurement that is the reciprocal of the period. Measured in Hertz (Hz) where 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second. Gated Measurements A feature that lets you limit automated measurements to a specified portion of the waveform. You define the area of interest using the vertical cursors. General purpose knob The large front-panel knob with an indentation.
Page 347 Glossary Hi Res acquisition mode TDS 500D and TDS 700D Models Only: An acquisition mode in which the oscilloscope averages all samples taken during an acquisition interval to create a record point. That average results in a higher-resolution, lower-band- width waveform. That mode only works with real-time, non-interpolated sampling.
Page 348 Glossary Interleaving TDS 500D and TDS 700D Models Only: A method by which these oscilloscopes attain higher digitizing speeds. The oscilloscope applies the digitizing resources of unused channels (that is, channels that are turned off) to sample those that are in use (turned on). Table 3–2 on page 3–31 lists acquisition rates vs.
Page 349 Glossary Mean Amplitude (voltage) measurement of the arithmetic mean over the entire waveform. Minimum Amplitude (voltage) measurement of the minimum amplitude. Typically the most negative peak voltage. NAND A logic (Boolean) function in which the output of the AND function is complemented (true becomes false, and false becomes true).
Page 350 Glossary Oscilloscope An instrument for making a graph of two factors. These are typically voltage versus time. Peak Detect acquisition mode A mode in which the oscilloscope saves the minimum and maximum samples over two adjacent acquisition intervals. For many glitch-free signals, that mode is indistinguishable from the sample mode.
Page 351 Glossary Positive width A timing measurement of the distance (time) between two amplitude points — rising-edge MidRef (default 50%) and falling-edge MidRef (default 50%) — on a positive pulse. Posttrigger The specified portion of the waveform record that contains data acquired after the trigger event.
Page 352 Glossary Rise time The time it takes for a leading edge of a pulse to rise from a LowRef value (typically 10%) to a HighRef value (typically 90%) of its amplitude. Amplitude (voltage) measurement of the true Root Mean Square voltage. Runt trigger A mode in which the oscilloscope triggers on a runt.
Page 353 Glossary Side menu Menu that appears to the right of the display. These selections expand on main menu selections. Side menu buttons Bezel buttons to the right of the side menu display. They allow you to select items in the side menu. Slew Rate trigger A mode in which the oscilloscope triggers based on how fast a pulse edge traverses (slews) between an upper and lower threshold.
Page 354 Glossary Vertical bar cursors The two vertical bars you position to measure the time parameter of a waveform record. The oscilloscope displays the value of the active (move- able) cursor with respect to the trigger and the time value between the bars. Waveform The shape or form (visible representation) of a signal.
Page 355 Glossary Glossary–14 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...
Page 356 Index...
Page 357 Index Numbers Stop After Limit Test Condition Met, 3–205 Template Source, 3–202 1/seconds (Hz), Cursor menu, 3–143 V Limit, 3–203 2 + 2 channel operation, xii, 1–2, 1–3, Glossary–1 ACQUIRE MENU button, 3–35, 3–202 20 MHz, Vertical menu, 3–19 Acquiring and Displaying Waveforms, 3–5 250 MHz, Vertical menu, 3–19 Acquisition, 3–27, Glossary–1 Interval, Glossary–1...
Page 358 Index Autosave, Save/Recall Waveform menu, 3–174 Save/Recall WAVEFORM, 3–169, 3–175, 3–176 Autoset, 2–15, 3–9, Glossary–2 SELECT, 3–142, Glossary–11 Default settings, 3–10 SET LEVEL TO 50%, 3–79 How to execute, 3–9 SINGLE TRIG, 3–39, 3–80 masks, 3–150 STATUS, 3–197 AUTOSET button, 2–15 TRIGGER MENU, 3–82, 3–83, 3–91, 3–95, 3–96, <FB>AUX TRIGGER INPUT</F>, BNC, 2–5 3–101, 3–103, 3–107...
Page 359 Index Clear Spool, Hardcopy menu, 3–187 Compare Math1 to, Acquire menu, 3–204 Clipping Compare Math2 to, Acquire menu, 3–204 derivative math waveforms, 3–231 Compare Math3 to, Acquire menu, 3–204 FFT math waveforms, 3–219 Compensation, of passive probes, 3–6 how to avoid, 3–219, 3–231, 3–237 Configure, Utility menu, 3–182, 3–194 integral math waveforms, 3–237 Confirm Delete, File Utilities menu, 3–178...
Page 360 Index Cursor readout Set to 50%, 3–123 H-Bars, 3–214, 3–230, 3–235 Set to ECL, 3–123 Paired, 3–230 Set to TTL, 3–123 Paired cursors, 3–216, 3–237 Slope, 3–122 V-Bars, 3–216, 3–230, 3–236 Source, 3–122 Cursors, 3–138, Glossary–3 <FB>DELAYED TRIGGER OUTPUT</F>, BNC, 2–5 How to use, 3–141 Delayed Triggerable, 3–78 with derivative waveforms, 3–230...
Page 361 Index Graticule, 3–45 Enter Char, Labelling menu, 3–177, 3–178 Grid, 3–45 Envelope, Incompatible with DPO, 3–66 Infinite Persistence, 3–41 Envelope acquisition mode, 3–32, 3–71, Glossary–4 Intensified Samples, 3–41 Envelope, Acquire menu, 3–35 Intensity, 3–42, 3–63 EPS Color Img, Hardcopy menu, 3–183 Linear interpolation, 3–44 EPS Color Plt, Hardcopy menu, 3–183 NTSC, 3–45...
Page 362 Index reducing noise, 3–220 GPIB, 2–5, 3–191–3–196, Glossary–5 undersampling, 3–221 Connecting to, 3–193 zero phase reference, 3–222 Interconnect cabling, 3–192 FFT time domain record, defined, 3–217 Interface requirements, 3–191 File System, 3–175 Procedures for using, 3–193 File Utilities menu, 3–175, 3–176 Protocols, 3–191 Confirm Delete, 3–178 Selecting and configuring the port, 3–194...
Page 363 Index Interleaf, 3–183 Delayed Triggerable, 3–24, 3–121 Landscape, 3–183 Extended acquisition length, 3–24 Laserjet, 3–183 FastFrame, 3–68 Layout, 3–183 FastFrame Setup, 3–68 OK Confirm Clear Spool, 3–187 Fit to screen, 3–23 Palette, 3–183 Frame Count, 3–68 PCX, 3–183 Frame Length%, 3–68 PCX Color, 3–183 Frame%, 3–69 Port, 3–183...
Page 364 Index Interpolation, 3–30, 3–31, 3–44, Glossary–6 And zoom, 3–53 FFT distortion, 3–221 Main menu, Glossary–7 Incompatible with DPO, 3–66 Main menu buttons, 2–3, Glossary–7 linear versus sin(x)/x, 3–221 Main Scale, Horizontal menu, 3–23 IRE (NTSC), Cursor menu, 3–143 Main Trigger Menu Falling edge, 3–86 Rising edge, 3–86 Main Trigger menu, 3–82, 3–83, 3–91, 3–95, 3–96,...
Page 365 Index Runt, 3–103 Measure Delay menu Set Thresholds, 3–92, 3–95 Create Measrmnt, 3–135 Set to 50%, 3–79, 3–86, 3–103, 3–112 Delay To, 3–134 Set to ECL, 3–86, 3–103, 3–108, 3–112 Edges, 3–135 Set to TTL, 3–86, 3–103, 3–108, 3–112 Measure Delay To, 3–134 Slope, 3–85 OK Create Measurement, 3–135 Source, 3–84, 3–102, 3–104, 3–106, 3–107, 3–111...
Page 366 Index Negative width, 3–127 Save/Recall Waveform, 3–169 Overshoot, Glossary–9 Setup, 2–10, 3–12 Peak Hits, 3–147 Status, 3–197 Peak to peak, 3–127, Glossary–9 Utility, 3–182 Period, 3–128, Glossary–9 Mid Ref, Measure menu, 3–133 Phase, 3–128, Glossary–9 Mid2 Ref, Measure menu, 3–133 Pk-Pk, 3–147 Min-Max, Measure menu, 3–132 Positive duty cycle, 3–128...
Page 367 Index Negative overshoot, 3–127 Packaging, B–1 Negative width, 3–127 Paired cursor, 3–139 Negative, Main Trigger menu, 3–102, 3–104, 3–107 PAL, Display menu, 3–45 No Process, More menu, 3–209 Palette, Color menu, 3–48 Noise Palette, Hardcopy menu, 3–183 reducing in FFTs, 3–220 Pass/Fail Testing, Masks, 3–151 reducing in phase FFTs, 3–213, 3–223 Passive voltage probes, C–1...
Page 368 Index Probes Channel, 2–6, 3–12, 3–54 Accessories, 3–6 Cursors, 2–6 Active voltage, C–3 Edge trigger, 3–82 Compensation, 2–17, Glossary–10 General purpose knob, 2–6 Compensation of, 3–6 Logic trigger, 3–89 Compensation Signal, 2–14 Measurement, 3–128, 3–129 Connection, 2–9 Record view, 2–6 Current, C–4 Snapshot, 3–135 Definition, Glossary–10...
Page 369 Index Remote operation Save/Recall Acquisition menu, 3–171, 3–174 Communicating with Remote Instruments, 3–191 Save/Recall Image Histogram menu, 3–171 Connecting to the GPIB, 3–193 Save/Recall SETUP button, 2–10, 3–12, 3–166, 3–175, GPIB interface requirements, 3–191 3–176 GPIB Protocols, 3–191 Save/Recall Setup menu, 3–166 Interconnect cabling, 3–192 factory status, 3–166 Preparation for, 3–191...
Page 370 Index Set to 50%, Delayed Trigger menu, 3–123 Source, Main Trigger menu, 3–84, 3–102, 3–104, Set to 50%, Horizontal menu, 3–23 3–106, 3–107, 3–111 Set to 50%, Main Trigger menu, 3–79, 3–86, 3–103, Source, Telecom Trigger menu, 3–115 3–112 Specifications, 1–4 Set to 50%, Telecom Trigger menu, 3–117 Spectral, Color menu, 3–48 Set to 90%, Horizontal menu, 3–23...
Page 371 Index Temperature compensation, 3–156 Trigger MAIN LEVEL knob, 2–15, 3–78 Temperature, Color menu, 3–48 TRIGGER MENU button, 3–82, 3–83, 3–91, 3–95, Template Source, Acquire menu, 3–202 3–96, 3–101, 3–103, 3–107 Text/Grat, Display menu, 3–42 Trigger Point, Readout, 3–42, 3–71 Thinkjet, 3–181 Trigger Position, Horizontal menu, 3–22 Thinkjet, Hardcopy menu, 3–183 Trigger Status Lights, 3–80...
Page 372 Index Vectors, Display menu, 3–41 Waveform integration, 3–233 Vertical Waveform memory, 3–172 Bar cursors, 3–139, Glossary–13 WAVEFORM OFF button, 2–21, 3–14, 3–46, 3–64 Offset, 3–19 Waveform record Position, 3–16, 3–17 FFT, 3–216 Readout, 3–15 FFT frequency domain, 3–217 Scale, 3–16 length of, 3–217 SCALE knob, 2–14, 3–16 FFT source, 3–216...
Page 373 Index Dual Zoom Offset, 3–58 Incompatible with DPO, 3–66 Zero phase reference point, 3–217, 3–222 on FFT math waveforms, 3–220 establishing for impulse testing, 3–222, on integral math waveforms, 3–238 ZOOM button, 3–54 3–223–3–224 Zoom feature, 3–53 Zip drives, 3–179, Glossary–13 Zoom, 3–53–3–72 Zoom menu Dual Zoom, 3–58...
Page 374 Index Index–18 TDS 500D, TDS 600B, & TDS 700D User Manual...

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