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Exalt EX-5r Installation & Management

5ghz digital microwave radio
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EX-5r
5GHz Digital Microwave Radio
Installation & Management
Part Number: 50000007
Date: 2006-05-17

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  • Page 1 EX-5r 5GHz Digital Microwave Radio Installation & Management Part Number: 50000007 Date: 2006-05-17...
  • Page 2 Any brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders. The contents of this document are current as of the date of publication. Exalt reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice.

  • Page 3: Revision History

    EX-5r Installation & Management About this Document This manual provides a complete description of the Exalt EX-5r Digital Microwave Radio and related software. The purpose of this manual is to provide the planner, engineer, installer, system administrator, and technician with general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, management and maintenance of the device.

  • Page 4: General Compliance And Safety

    For example, within the USA, this device must be professionally installed to ensure that the system implementation meets FCC regulations. Exalt cannot warrant the device or be found liable for any unauthorized use or installation of the device. Regulatory Notices Federal Communications Commission (FCC), United States The device is allowed to be used provided it does not cause interference to other devices.
  • Page 5 Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCC regulations. Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Exalt may void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. This device must be professionally installed.
  • Page 6 Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 37.2 Andrew HPX6F-52-NPA 6-foot Xpol HP Dish 18.0 Andrew FPA5250D06-N 6-inch Panel 23.6 Andrew FPA5250D12-N 1-foot Panel 20.0 Exalt (Integral) 1-foot Xpol Panel Gabriel DFPS.5-52 6-inch Panel 18.0 23.5 Gabriel DFPD1-52 1-foot Panel 28.0...

  • Page 7: Safety Notices

    • Do not move or alter the marking labels. Open-Source License Information In addition to proprietary software/firmware, which is the sole intellectual property of Exalt, the EX-5r Digital Microwave Radio makes use of public (open-source) software/firmware (such as Linux OS) within the terms of use of their respective shared license agreements. Interested parties may contact Exalt Communications for copies of specific license agreements for any open-source software/firmware utilized in this product.

  • Page 8: Exalt Limited Hardware Warranty

    (C) if Exalt determines that it is unable to repair or replace such Product, Exalt will refund to Purchaser the amount actually paid by Purchaser for the applicable Product.
  • Page 9 (4) For services during the Warranty Period, cost of shipment to Exalt’s authorized service center, taxes, duty, tariffs, risk of loss and insurance charges to Exalt shall be borne by the Purchaser. Cost of return shipment and insurance charges shall be borne by Exalt and will be made by Exalt’s choice of carrier and method/schedule of shipment.

  • Page 10: Table Of Contents

    Section 1 – Introduction........................1 Introduction to Exalt Communications................1 1.0.1 Other Documentation and Software................ 1 The EX-5r Digital Microwave Radio ................1 EX-5r Basic Features ...................... 3 Section 2 – Before Installation......................5 Link Engineering and Site Planning ................5 Familiarizing Yourself with the EX-5r ................
  • Page 11 Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 5 – Configuration and Management ................28 Using the Command Line Interface (CLI)..............28 5.0.1 Connecting to the Radio with a Telnet Connection ..........28 Using the CLI........................ 28 Introduction to the Graphical User Interface (GUI) ............. 29 5.2.1...
  • Page 12 Ethernet/Power Connection ..................62 Sync Connection ......................62 Figures and Tables Figure 1-1: The EX-5r (Integrated Antenna Version) ............... 2 Figure 1-2: Mounting and Cabling - Integrated Antenna Version..........3 Figure 1-3: Mounting and Cabling - External Antenna Version ..........4 Figure 3-1: Radio Installation Flowchart.................

  • Page 13: Section 1 - Introduction

    5250 to 5850 MHz frequency range. The EX-5r is used to connect voice and/or digital data from one location to another, obviating the need for copper or fiber connectivity, or enhancing existing connectivity by providing a redundancy solution, a primary solution and/or additional capacity.

  • Page 14: Figures And Tables Figure 1-1: The Ex-5R (Integrated Antenna Version)

    EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 1-1: The EX-5r (Integrated Antenna Version) The EX-5r utilizes radio frequencies in the range of 5250 to 5850MHz, in one or both of the following bands: • 5350 to 5350 MHz • 5725 to 5850 MHz In many countries, one or both of these frequency bands are considered as ‘license-exempt’...

  • Page 15: Ex-5R Basic Features

    The EX-5r Digital Microwave Radio is intended for all-outdoor mounting. It is accompanied with an indoor-mounted power injector. The EX-5r may also be mounted indoors or in an enclosure, if desired. Depending on the configuration purchased, the associated antenna is either integrated as part of the unit or connected separately.

  • Page 16: Figure 1-3: Mounting And Cabling - External Antenna Version

    For highest performance and reliability, it is advised to minimize the length of RF cable, and associated transmission system losses between the antenna and the radio’s RF port. The EX-5r provides connection for any of the following data communication interfaces, or a combination thereof: •...

  • Page 17: Section 2 - Before Installation

    • Anticipated throughput performance (TDM circuit support and Ethernet) • Anticipated system latency With respect to radio path and site planning, the EX-5r is generally identical to any other microwave terrestrial wireless system. Engineering of these systems will require specific knowledge about the EX-5r itself, including: •...

  • Page 18: Familiarizing Yourself With The Ex-5R

    GUI interface. 2.1.1 Shipping Box Contents Unless purchased as a spare terminal, the EX-5r is shipped as a complete ‘hop’ (radio link pair consisting of two terminals). An outer box has labeling that indicates the contents of the box, with the part number and serial number details for both radio terminals.

  • Page 19: Back-To-Back Bench Test And Configuration

    • Quick-start guide Inspect the outer packaging and the contents of the boxes upon receipt. If you suspect any shipping damage or issues with the contents, Exalt Customer Care should be contacted to address any issues as soon as possible.

  • Page 20: Rf Output Power Setting

    (below) and in section 5.7. The following information pertains to specific regulatory requirements based on up-to-date information for countries where the EX-5r is authorized. A list of recommended antennas can be found in section 4.3.

  • Page 21: Canada

    2.3.2 Canada The EX-5r operates under RSS-210 of Industry Canada regulations. Operation is subject to the following conditions, unless express permission is granted by Industry Canada to operate in a different manner: •...

  • Page 22: Time Division Duplex Factors

    Time Division Duplex Factors The EX-5r is a very dynamic radio, allowing the installer to optimize and control the performance of the radio system for the intended application. The following parameters need to be carefully determined during the link engineering phase: •...

  • Page 23: Link Orientation And Synchronization

    Radio A or all radios should be Radio B. In addition, it can be advantageous to utilize link synchronization for collocated links. The EX-5r allows the use of an optional GPS synchronization kit or internal synchronization. This synchronization controls the transmitter and receiver frame timing so that collocated radios are transmitting at the same time and receiving at the same time.

  • Page 24: Default Settings

    GUI is needed for these configurations, this is the best way to completely configure the radio terminals. If the radios are new from the factory or Exalt’s authorized distributor, they will be set to the factory default configuration. In this case, both radios will be configured as Radio B. They will also be configured to the factory default settings for: •...
  • Page 25 Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • IP address = 10.0.0.1 • IP mask = 255.0.0.0 • IP gateway = 0.0.0.0 • Administration password = admin • User password = user • Endpoint Identifier = Radio B 5000007 2006-05-17...

  • Page 26: Section 3 - System Installation And Initiation Process

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 3 – System Installation and Initiation Process Task Overview The tasks for radio installation and initiation are outlined in the figure below. Transmission System Tasks Radio Preparation Tasks Read This Path & Site...

  • Page 27: Record Keeping

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Record Keeping After installation, it is advised that the following items are recorded for the sake of ongoing maintenance and any future troubleshooting. A record should be kept for each end of the radio link.

  • Page 28: Section 4 - Installation

    The external antenna version of the EX-5r may alternatively be mounted in an enclosure or indoors, if desired, under the same airflow and temperature conditions. The EX-5r is accompanied by a power injector and power supply that must be placed indoors or in an enclosure.

  • Page 29: User Interfaces

    This section is intended to provide a brief familiarization of the connectors, controls and indicators on the device. More details about each item are found in other sections of this document. The EX-5r connections are shown here: GPS Sync T1/E1 3&4 T1/E1 1&2...

  • Page 30: Indicator Overview

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Detailed pin structures for each connector can be found in Appendix C. 4.1.2 Indicator Overview The following table provides detail of the indicators on the EX-5r. Location Type Function Power/Ethernet Green LED Solid = Radio is on with proper power...

  • Page 31: Terminating The Rf Connector

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 4.2.1 Terminating the RF Connector Before applying power, if using the external antenna version, the device’s RF connector(s) must be properly terminated into a 50-ohm load. If this is not performed, the radio may be damaged by simply applying power.

  • Page 32: Dc Power

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management investment, as the quality of mains power may have a direct impact on the device operation, performance and/or reliability. Many users will deploy an Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS) or other form of battery-backed system, to protect against brown-out and black-out conditions, as well as to condition the power being presented to the adapter.

  • Page 33: The Antenna/Transmission System

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 1. Remove power from the radio by disconnecting power from the power injector 2. Remove the data connector from the power injector (this is the connector normally connected to your local networking equipment NOT the connector leading up to the radio) 3.

  • Page 34: Initial Antenna Mounting

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 31.1 Gabriel QFD2.5-52 2.5-foot Xpol Dish 34.7 Gabriel QFD4-52 4-foot Xpol Dish 28.2 Gabriel HQF2-52-N 2-foot HP Dish 34.4 Gabriel HQF4-52-N 4-foot HP Dish 37.4 Gabriel HQF6-52-N 6-foot HP Dish 28.1 Gabriel HQFD2-52 2-foot Xpol HP Dish 30.7...
  • Page 35 (generally) of the far-end, and slightly tighten the azimuth and elevation adjustments enough so that the antenna maintains its general position and is safe to be left without additional securing. See the Exalt White Paper entitled Antenna Alignment for more information on the general topic of antenna alignment techniques.

  • Page 36: Transmission Line From Antenna To Radio

    For the external antenna version, most installations use coaxial transmission line for the connection between the antenna and the radio device. In typical EX-5r installations, this coaxial transmission line is very short, and may not require or benefit from RF lightning protection.
  • Page 37 Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management If possible, connect the primary transmission line directly to the antenna. It is desired to have the fewest possible pieces of transmission line in the system, to minimize losses and points of failure from connectors, and the antenna can typically accommodate a direct connection if planned in advance.

  • Page 38: Rf Lightning Arrestor

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management As soon as practical, the connected ends of the transmission line to the antenna and lightning arrestor should be weatherproofed, but this process should be delayed as long as possible to be certain that all systems are working properly before weatherproofing is applied, as once weatherproofing is applied, you may be required to remove it if any tests or changes are needed before installation is complete.

  • Page 39: Antenna Alignment

    Antennas must be installed at both ends of the planned link to commence precision alignment. Refer to the Exalt White Paper entitled Antenna Alignment for more information on this topic. Antennas are typically aligned using the radio hardware to aid in the precision alignment process.

  • Page 40: Section 5 - Configuration And Management

    Section 5 – Configuration and Management Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) The EX-5r utilizes a CLI through a Telnet (Ethernet) connection as a means to set key parameters on the system. 5.0.1 Connecting to the Radio with a Telnet Connection...

  • Page 41: Introduction To The Graphical User Interface (Gui)

    A computer or hand-held device with a conventional html browser and Ethernet port is required. Microsoft Internet Explorer is the preferred browser to use with the EX-5r, however other browsers may operate without issue.

  • Page 42: Making The Connection

    If there are issues with other browsers, you are encouraged to report them to Exalt customer service, however, you may be required to use a different browser to overcome issues immediately.

  • Page 43: Login Privileges

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-2: Initiating Browser Connection After pressing the return/enter key on your keyboard, or the Go button on the browser, the following window will appear. Figure 5-3: Browser Login Window 5.2.4 Login Privileges There are two levels of privileges for login: •...

  • Page 44: Quick-Start

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-4: Radio Information Page Quick-Start At this stage, it may be desirable to apply some basic configurations to the radio terminal so that a link can be established on the bench. Follow the steps in the Quick Start Guide that came with the radio. A summary of the items that need to be configured is listed here.

  • Page 45: Graphical User Interface Fundamentals

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • Link Distance (System Configuration Page) • TDD Frame Size (System Configuration Page) Changing any of these parameters will cause a temporary loss of link. The GUI will warn of this condition and will provide an opportunity to cancel changes.

  • Page 46: Navigation Section

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management The ‘local’ radio might be the near-end or the far-end radio, depending on how you have connected to the radio’s management interface. The terms ‘local’ and ‘remote’ simply refer to the orientation of the radio terminals relative to the IP address that you are managing.

  • Page 47: Administration Settings Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-7: Radio Information Page Administration Settings Page This page allows entry of many general parameters for the radio system. The current entries are listed in one column, and any changes desired may be entered in the New Value column.

  • Page 48: System Configuration Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management default setting leaves an opportunity for anyone on the connected network to hack into the radio and change settings. o The system requires that you type the changed password twice, once in the main window and once again in the confirmation window below.
  • Page 49 Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • Bandwidth must be set to the designed level. The value of this setting should have been determined in the design/engineering stage. The Bandwidth setting must also match at both ends of the link. The Bandwidth setting directly relates to the capacity, latency and the number of TDM circuits that can be supported.

  • Page 50: Ethernet Interface Configuration Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management to a setting that is less than the actual distance there is an opportunity that the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to this situation, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

  • Page 51: T1/E1 Configuration

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management devices (the radio and the connected equipment) are set to auto-negotiate, both hard set to 100/Full, or one set to 100/Full and the other auto-negotiate. Device performance varies widely. Therefore, it can be advantageous to attempt different combinations of settings to determine the best combination for your application.

  • Page 52: E1 Configuration Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management may be enabled/disabled for each input. If enabled, the radio will place an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if/when the link fails or there is no T1 signal available from the far end to provide the user at the local end.

  • Page 53: Figure 5-13: File Transfer Page

    Also, for record-keeping, a copy of the configuration file can help restore the radio to the original installed settings. In addition, a copy of the Exalt default configuration file can be helpful to re-configure the radio to factory settings.

  • Page 54: File Activation Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management subset of parameters rather than every parameter, therefore copying configuration still serves a very useful purpose. The following list of parameters may cause problems or confusion if they match at each of a link.

  • Page 55: Alarms Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 5.12 Alarms Page The Alarms Page provides an easy-to-read summary of the alarm status of both the local and remote radio. Generally, the colors shown on this page will reflect the color of alarms that are shown on the radio front panel.

  • Page 56: Performance Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 5.13 Performance Page The Performance Page provides statistical information about the performance of the system in relation to the integrity of the user data and the RF link. The list below provides a brief summary of this information.
  • Page 57 Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • Severely Errored Seconds (SES) are similar to ES, but this counter keeps track of every second where the bit error rate exceeds 1x10 , over the period since the last counter reset. If SES are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors.

  • Page 58: Event Log Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-17: Performance Page 5.14 Event Log Page The Event Log Page is used to review a list of the events that have been logged by the radio. At the present radio firmware release, the following items are listed in the event log.

  • Page 59: Diagnostic Charts Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-18: Event Log Page 5.15 Diagnostic Charts Page The Diagnostics Charts Page is used to aid in troubleshooting. This page illustrates the historical (and current) performance for three parameters, RSL, BER and Radio Temperature.

  • Page 60: Spectrum Analyzer Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Changes in RSL often have an impact to BER, and this can be confirmed by looking for synchronized events. When BER events occur without corresponding changes in RSL, this is normally an indication of interference, atmospheric changes, transmission system issues (such as problems with cables, connectors or antennas) or possibly radio hardware problems.

  • Page 61: Manual Page

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-20: Reboot Page 5.18 Manual Page The Installation & Management manual (this document, or the version that matches the installed firmware) is available within the GUI. Click on Manual and the manual will be displayed within the browser window.

  • Page 62: Section 6 - Troubleshooting

    The GUI of the radio system provides information that will substantially aid in troubleshooting. Refer to section 5 for details. Please feel free to contact Exalt Customer Care if you need further assistance with issues you may have with your Exalt radio, or for suggestions on how the radio and/or documentation may be improved.

  • Page 63: Typical Indications Of Issues

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management If the radio link has been operating without issues, and has exhibited new behavior of poor performance or has become completely inoperative, the troubleshooting process should pay close attention to any conditions that may have changed between the time when the system was working without issue and the time when issues started.

  • Page 64: Improper Rf Cable Termination

    Exalt Customer Care for assistance. Exalt Customer Care is primarily motivated to determine if the radio hardware is faulty and needs to be returned for repair, and to help execute an effective and efficient repair and return process for radio terminals believed to be faulty.

  • Page 65: Multipath Propagation

    Microwave ovens and wireless communication devices used nearby the equipment or cabling are examples of electronic equipment interference. The EX-5r operates in the 5250 to 5850 MHz band. Wireless Internet devices and cordless phone technology may also use this frequency band. It may be necessary to separate the EX-5r chassis, cabling system and antenna from these types of devices.

  • Page 66: Path Obstruction

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management The EX-5r provides considerable flexibility to tune to different frequencies across the band. This is the easiest method to use to try to avoid existing interference. In addition, the occupied bandwidth of the radio may be reduced, and along with re-tuning, this can be very effective, however throughput will be reduced.

  • Page 67: Moisture In The Transmission System

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management components. In some cases, there may be antenna size restrictions that forced the design to not have the desired amount of link margin. If the link was designed with poor link margin, there will likely be many cases of bit errors and outages.

  • Page 68: Appendix A - Specifications

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Appendix A – Specifications A-1 Physical Specifications Physical Configuration Single-piece Outdoor Unit (ODU) Dimensions (H x W x D) 12 x 12 x 5 inches; 30.5 x 30.5 x 12.7 cm Weight 11.3 pounds; 5.1 kg Operating Temperature -40 to +65 degrees C;...

  • Page 69: Interfaces

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Emission Designator(s) 5250-5350MHz 5725-5850MHz 8MHz 9M1W7D 9M5W7D 18M2W7D 17M4W7D 16MHz 32MHz 36M1W7D 33M7W7D 64MHz 71M0W7D 65M1W7D A-3 Interfaces Connector N-type Female Impedance 50 ohms T1/E1 (x4) Connector RJ-45 (RJ48C), Female T1 Impedance 100 Ohms, balanced...

  • Page 70: Appendix B - Back-To-Back Bench Testing

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Appendix B – Back-to-back Bench Testing B-1 Introduction Back-to-back bench testing is used to test the radio before installation, pre-configure the radio and connected equipment before installation, or in the troubleshooting process to identify if the radio hardware is the source of a system issue.

  • Page 71: Specification Performance Verification

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management RF Ports Console Port Attenuation Radio B Radio A (60-90dB) Serial Port Power Power Computer (connect last) (connect last) Figure B-1: Basic Back-to-Back Bench Test Configuration Connect the items as follows: Connect attenuation and (known-good) RF cable(s) between radio pair, as shown in Figure B-1.
  • Page 72 Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Connect the system as in figure B-1, using the combination of fixed and variable attenuation in between the radio’s RF ports. Connect the voltmeter to either radio’s RSL test point and the associated reference ground connection.
  • Page 73 Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management You may wish to perform threshold measurement tests for all combinations of bandwidth and mode (modulation) that you are using – especially if testing for the purposes of troubleshooting. It should not be necessary to vary center frequency, as this does not have any appreciable impact on system gain performance –...

  • Page 74: Appendix C - Interface Connections

    C-1 Introduction This appendix provides the pin number assignment and wiring information for the connectors on the EX-5r. All connectors are shown as viewed from the radio front panel. C-2 T1/E1 Connections There are two dual-T1/E1 connections. Channels 1 and 2 are on one connector, while channels 3 and 4 are on the other.

  • Page 75: Figure C-3: Sync Connector

    Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Function +5V Power Out (to antenna) Ground Tx Data (to antenna) Enable (to antenna) Rx Data (from antenna) 1PPS Timing Signal(from antenna) Unused Unused Figure C-3: Sync Connector 5000007 2006-05-17...
  • Page 76 © May 2006 Exalt Communications Inc. 580 Division St. Campbell, CA 95008 USA 5000007 2006-05-17...

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