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Texas Instruments TI-82 Manual

Texas Instruments TI-82 Manual

Graphics calculators
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PART A
T
I
EXAS
NSTRUMENTS
C
ALCULATORS
Setup
When using this Guide, you should always, unless instructed otherwise, use the calculator setup
specified below:
FOR THE TI-82
Before you begin, check the TI-82Õs basic setup by pressing
settings shown in Figure 1. Check the statistical setup by pressing
Choose the settings shown in Figure 2. Check the window format by pressing
and choose the settings shown in Figure 3.
¥
If you do not have the darkened choices shown in each of the figures below, use the arrow
keys to move the blinking cursor over the setting you want to choose and press
¥ Press
2nd
MODE
TI-82 Basic Setup
FIGURE 1
FOR THE TI-83
Before you begin, check the TI-83Õs basic setup by pressing
settings
shown
in
(
)
2nd
MODE
QUIT
STAT
. Choose the settings shown in Figure 2. Press
2nd
6
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
TI-82/TI-83 G
(
) to return to the home screen.
QUIT
TI-82 Statistical Setup
FIGURE 2
Figure
4.
Specify
(
) followed by
5
SetUpEditor
MODE
STAT
ENTER
TI-82 Window Setup
FIGURE 3
the
statistical
setup
2nd
1
2nd
2
to view the screen in Figure 5. Also,
ENTER
RAPHICS
. Choose t h e
(
)
(
) .
CALC
3
SetUp
(
),
FORMAT
.
ENTER
. Choose the
MODE
by
pressing
2nd
3
2nd
A-1
4

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Summary of Contents for Texas Instruments TI-82

  • Page 1 When using this Guide, you should always, unless instructed otherwise, use the calculator setup specified below: FOR THE TI-82 Before you begin, check the TI-82Õs basic setup by pressing . Choose t h e MODE settings shown in Figure 1. Check the statistical setup by pressing...
  • Page 2 TI-82/TI-83 Graphics Calculators check the window format by pressing ) , and choose the settings shown in Figure ZOOM FORMAT ¥ If you do not have the darkened choices shown in each of the figures below, use the arrow keys to move the blinking cursor over the setting you want to choose and press ENTER ¥...
  • Page 3: Storing Values

    If you have more than one command on a line without the commands separated by a colon (:), an error message results when you press ENTER TI-82 Choose ) to position the cursor to the place Goto the error occurred so that you can correct the mistake or choose ) to begin a new line on the home screen.
  • Page 4 TI-82/TI-83 Graphics Calculators TI-83 Choose ) to position the cursor to the place Goto the error occurred so that you can correct the mistake or choose ) to begin a new line on the home screen. Quit Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
  • Page 5: Drawing A Graph

    Chapter 1 Ingredients of Change: Functions and Linear Models & 1.1 Fundamentals of Modeling There are many uses for a function that is entered in the graphing list. Graphing the function in an appropriate viewing window is one of these. Because you must enter all functions on one line (that is, you cannot write fractions and exponents the same way you do on paper) it is very important to have a good understanding of the calculatorÕs order of operations and to use parentheses whenever they are needed.
  • Page 6 If your view of the graph is not good or if you do not see the graph, change the view using t h e TI-82 program AUTOSCL. If you do not have this program, either enter it now using the code given in the TI-82 Appendix or have someone transfer it to you from another calculator.
  • Page 7 Chapter 1 Caution: When using this TI-82 program, the function you Y1= 1000(1 + 0.05) are graphing must be entered in the Y1 location of the Y= (Delete other functions graphing list. If other functions are entered in the graph-...
  • Page 8 TI-82/TI-83 Graphics Calculators TI-82 Press , use to move the trace cursor to TRACE the right, and use to move the trace cursor to the left. The number 1 in the upper right hand corner of the screen tells you that you are tracing on the equation in Y...
  • Page 9 Chapter 1 Press and use to move as close as you can TRACE to x = 5. (Your screen may look slightly different than the one shown to the right.) Continue pressing and notice that the values 7 and 10 cannot be obtained by tracing in this view. Therefore, choose values close to these numbers to obtain estimates Because the number 5, not a value close to 5 is shown,...
  • Page 10 Y= list. Return to the home screen by pressing (You could use any of the 10 function locations.) ) as many times as necessary. MODE QUIT TI-82 Go to the Y-VARS menu by pressing VARS Y-VARS TI 83 Go to the Y-VARS menu by pressing VARS Y-VARS...
  • Page 11 A-11 Chapter 1 Evaluate Y at x = 10 by recalling the previous entry with ) , edit the 7 to 10 by pressing ENTER ENTRY and typing over the 7, and press ENTER & 1.2 Functions and Graphs When you are asked to estimate or approximate an output or an input value, you can use your calculator in the following ways: ¥...
  • Page 12 "expression = 0". The expression can, but does not have to, use X as the input variable. However, you must specify the variable you are using. TI-82 The form of the expression you type in the solver is You will use the solve command throughout Solve(expression, variable, initial guess) .
  • Page 13 A-13 Chapter 1 Since the equation you enter is Òexpression = 0Ó, subtract 15,000 from both sides of the equation to obtain 0 = 15,000 Ð 15,000 = 3.622(1.093) Ð 15,000 Tell the calculator the variable with ) , provide a ALPHA guess, and press ENTER...
  • Page 14 X » 10.4 ,X »3.6. – Return to the home screen with MODE QUIT TI-82 Enter the expression on the right with the key- strokes Error! TI-83 Enter the expression on the right with the key- strokes...
  • Page 15 A-15 Chapter 1 TI-83 This second method of solving can be used instead This method uses the of the first method anytime you need to solve for an input equation solver that is variable or find where two expressions are equal. built into the TI-83.
  • Page 16 Ymin to 6 for a good view of all intercepts. – TI-82 Even though it is very easy to find f(0) = 2, you can have the calculator find the y-intercept when the graph is on the screen by pressing...
  • Page 17 ) . Type 0 at the X= prompt, press value ENTER and view the y-intercept f(0) = - 2. TI-82 To graphically find an x-intercept, i.e., a value of x at which the graph crosses the horizontal axis, press ) . Press...
  • Page 18 £ £ 972 6 thousand people when î where t is the number of years since 1900. TI-82 Enter the function P(t), using x as the input variable, in the Y location of the Y= list using the keystrokes X,T, X,T, 23.514...
  • Page 19 TI-83 The same procedure as given in the above steps (See Section 6.1.2 of this for the TI-82 will also work for the TI-83. However, Guide for an example the TI-83 has some additional features that will make showing how to fit a graphing of piecewise functions less complicated.
  • Page 20 A-20 TI-82/TI-83 Graphics Calculators Enter the function P(t), using x as the input variable, in the Y location of the Y= list using the keystrokes ( 23.514 X,T, 3903.667 (–) (£) X,T, X,T, MATH TEST X,T, (<) 90 MATH TEST...
  • Page 21: Entering Data

    A-21 Chapter 1 You can find function values by evaluating outputs on the home screen or using the table. & 1.4 Linear Functions and Models Actual real-world data is used throughout Calculus Concepts. It is necessary that you use your calculator to find a curve that models the data. Be very careful when you enter t h e data in your calculator because your model and all of your results depend on the values t h a t you enter! 1.4.1 ENTERING DATA...
  • Page 22: Plotting Data

    Any functions you have in the Y= list will graph when you plot data. Therefore, you should clear or turn them off before drawing a scatter plot. TI-82 Access the Y= graphing list. If any entered function is no longer needed, clear it with...
  • Page 23 A-23 Chapter 1 Press Y= ( ) to display the STAT STAT PLOT PLOTS screen. Note: When drawing a graph from the Y= list, you may get an error message or see a scatter plot of ÒoldÓ data as well as the function graph. If so, turn off the STAT PLOTS with PlotsOff ENTER...
  • Page 24 If the first differences are ÒcloseÓ to constant, this is an indication that a linear model may be appropriate. Program DIFF is given in the TI-82/TI-83 Appendix. To run the program, press followed by the PRGM number of the location of the program and press .
  • Page 25 Your calculator can find two different, but equivalent, forms of the linear model: y = ax + b or y = a + bx . For convenience, we always choose the model y = ax + b. TI-82 Press STAT...
  • Page 26 A-26 TI-82/TI-83 Graphics Calculators TI-83 Press STAT CALC LinReg(ax+b) to copy the instruction to the home screen. To have the calculator find the linear model of best fit using L as the input and L as the output and paste...
  • Page 27 A-27 Chapter 1 TI-82 To paste a model in the graphing list, press Y= and clear any function in the Y location. With the cursor in the blank Y location, press VARS STATISTICS RegEQ Remember Ò Ó. You will use it...
  • Page 28 A-28 TI-82/TI-83 Graphics Calculators Predict the tax owed in 1998 and 1999 where the tax is found using the linear model computed from the data given in Section 1.4.1 of this Guide: Tax = 540.37143t + 2538.90476 dollars and t is the number of years since 1992.
  • Page 29 You can explore the process of finding the line of best fit with program LSLINE. (Program LSLINE is given in the TI-82/TI-83 Appendix.) For your investigations of the least-squares process with this program, it is better to use data that is not perfectly linear and data for which you do not know the best-fitting line.
  • Page 30 A-30 TI-82/TI-83 Graphics Calculators comparison with your last attempt and shows the errors for the line of best fit. coefficients a and b of the best-fitting linear model y = ax + b are then displayed along with the minimum SSE. Use program LSLINE to explore the method of least squares to find t h e line of best fit.

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Ti-83