Leica Geosystems GPS500 General Manual
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Leica Geosystems GPS500 General Manual

General guide to roadplus
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GPS System 500
General Guide to RoadPlus
Version 4.0
English

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Summary of Contents for Leica Geosystems GPS500

  • Page 1 GPS System 500 General Guide to RoadPlus Version 4.0 English...
  • Page 2 System GPS500 Congratulations on your purchase of a new Leica System GPS500. General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...
  • Page 3 View of chapters Introduction Design Elements Data Files and Formats Terminology of Road Staking Staking a Road Alignment Glossary Index View of chapters General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Contents Introduction ........... 6 The Cross Section (Template) File ....... 31 Example for a Cross Section File in Leica GSI format ..31 Activation of the Application .......... 6 Header of a Cross Section File in Leica GSI format ..32 Requirements ..............
  • Page 5 Terminology of Road Staking ..... 44 The Cut ..............45 The Fill ............... 46 The Technical Terms ............ 47 Staking a Road Alignment ......48 The Coordinate System ..........48 Receiver set-up ............49 Setting the units ............49 Starting the Application ..........50 Configuring Road Stakeout Parameters ......

  • Page 6: Introduction

    Introduction Activation of the Application This manual is an introduction to the application program The application is activated by an access code which is RoadPlus for the Leica GPS Sytem 500. RoadPlus is a provided by Leica. If the application does not appear on your complete road package application primarily intended for menu or you are otherwise unable to access it, please staking out of roads.

  • Page 7: Requirements

    Requirements You must be familiar with the principles and procedures that are outlined in the manual “Getting Started with Real-Time Surveys“ as well as the “Technical Reference Manual“. If the material referenced is not thoroughly understood, it is strongly adviced that you review them prior to proceeding with this application program.

  • Page 8: Design Elements

    Design Elements A road surface can be thought of three different types of design elements: • the horizontal alignment • the vertical alignment • the cross section Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 9: The Horizontal Alignment

    The Horizontal Alignment The horizontal alignment defines the road axis of a project. The constituting elements of a horizontal alignment are Each constituting element is defined by individual horizontal design elements such as station, easting, northing, radius • tangents (straight segments) and parameter A.
  • Page 10 For the reason of completness, a short summary of the design elements for horizontal alignment is included in this chapter. The Tangent - straight line between two points. It's end point Sipral in - spiral transition from tangent to curve. is identical with the beginning of a curve or spiral.
  • Page 11 Curve in - spiral transition from larger to smaller radius curve. Parameter A = R x L station E station E radius of the connecting circular curve >R length of the spiral in/out or curve in/out parameter A Sign convention for curves and spirals: Curve out - spiral transition from smaller to larger radius curve.

  • Page 12: The Vertical Alignment

    The Vertical Alignment The vertical alignment gives information about the pattern of heights of the road axis as it is defined in the horizontal alignment. The constituting elements of a vertical alignment are Each constituting element is defined by individual vertical design elements such as station, easting, northing, radius •...
  • Page 13 For the reason of completness, a short summary of the design elements for vertical alignment follows. The Tangent - straight line between two points. It's end point The Parabola - a parabolic vertical curve with constant rate of is identical with the beginning of a curve or spiral. The tangent grade change.
  • Page 14 Parameter P - is the reciprocal of the rate of change of grade in the vertical curve. Three formulas for the calculation of P exist: P = L / (G P = 1 / 2a length as horizontal distance from the beginning to the whereas a is a parameter in the general equation for a end of the vertical curve parabola in mathematics Y = aX...

  • Page 15: The Cross Section

    The Cross Section A cross section gives a profile view. It requires vertical Points are definined by: ∆H and ∆V alignment or actual elevation on each station. • ∆H and slope in percentage • The constituting elements are straight elements. The points •...
  • Page 16 Sign convention for cross sections: Sign convention is based on horizontal and vertical alignments. left or below centre line: - right or above centre line: + Slope ratio definition: + + + + + ∆V : ∆H − − − − − ∆V : ∆H ∆V ∆V ∆H...

  • Page 17: The Cross Section Assignment

    The Cross Section Assignment Cross sections are assigned to stations not to sections. One cross section is valid until a new one is defined at a station ahead. Cross section definition can be at any station. The stations need not necessarily correspond to stations where a design element starts or ends.
  • Page 18 For the reason of completness, widening and superelevation as part of cross sections are mentioned here. Widening - increase / decrease of road width with change in number of lanes. Widening influences the shape of the cross sections. RoadPlus has the ability to interpolate cross sections between beginng and end of the widening.
  • Page 19 Superelevation - modification of the normal pavement cross slope. Intended to increase comfort and safety at speed 0+450.725 Interpolation 0+427.000 Interpolation 0+393.000 0+348.832 View from above Cross Section Design Elements General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 20: The Station Equation

    The Station Equation Station Equations define adjustments for the stationing The constituting elements in the equations are values in the Horizontal Alignment File. These adjustments may be necessary when the horizontal alignment has been • station back modified by inserting or removing a constituing element and station ahead.
  • Page 21 Due to removing a constituing element, the sequence of Where the sequence of stationing repeats some values after stationing misses some values. If this is the case, a gap inserting a design element, we speak of an overlap equation equation (forward station equation) is required. The station (backward station equation).

  • Page 22: Data Files And Formats

    Data Files and Formats As mentioned in the chapter "Design Elements", a road Horizontal Alignment File ALN?????.GSI surface is described by three different design elements - mandatory horizontal alignment, vertical alignment and cross section. Vertical Alignment File PRF?????.GSI RoadPlus reads the elements of each of these components optional from individual data files that are in the Leica GSI file format.

  • Page 23: The Horizontal Alignment File

    The Horizontal Alignment File Example for a Horizontal Alignment File in Leica GSI format All parameters describing the constituting elements of a horizontal alignment build a so called Horizontal Alignment File. The following is an example of a Horizontal Alignment File in Leica GSI8 format. GSI16 is also supported. A Horizontal Alignment File must contain at least a header and two elements.

  • Page 24: Header Of A Horizontal Alignment File In Leica Gsi Format

    Header of a Horizontal Alignment File in Leica GSI format The header is the first line in the GSI file. There is only one header line per file. The header line takes the following form: 41..+0EXAMPLE 42..+HZALIGNM 43..+STACOORD i t n c i f i t n c i f...

  • Page 25: Data Line For A Principle Point In A Horizontal Alignment File In Leica Gsi Format

    Data line for a principle point in a Horizontal Alignment File in Leica GSI format 11..+00198832 71..+00SPIRIN 72..+00122474 73..+QP000123 81..10+06068005 82..10+02186841 . t n s t i o l l . t n . s l g i l v i t v i t s t i f t l...
  • Page 26 The following table shows for all possible elements of a horizontal alignment, the variables and predefined names which are required for each WI in a Horizontal Alignment File. > < Data Files and Formats General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 27: The Vertical Alignment File

    The Vertical Alignment File Example for a Vertical Alignment File in Leica GSI format All parameters describing the constituting elements of a vertical alignment build a so called Vertical Alignment File. The following is an example of such file in Leica GSI8 format. GSI16 is also supported. An Vertical Alignment File must contain at least a header and two elements.

  • Page 28: Header Of A Vertical Alignment File In Leica Gsi Format

    Header of a Vertical Alignment File in Leica GSI format The header is the first line in the GSI file. There is only one header line per file. The header line takes the following form: 41..+0EXAMPLE 42..+0VALIGNM 43..+STACOORD i t n c i f i t n c i f...

  • Page 29: Data Line For A Principle Point In A Vertical Alignment File In Leica Gsi Format

    Data line for a principle point in a Vertical Alignment File in Leica GSI format 11..+00300000 71..+000CURVE 72..-01142932 83..10+00422500 c i t g i l . t n s t i o l l . t n o l l e i l n i l v i t...
  • Page 30 The following table shows for all possible elements of a vertical alignment, the variables and predefined names which are required for each WI in a Vertical Alignment File. Data Files and Formats General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 31: The Cross Section (Template) File

    The Cross Section (Template) File Example for a Cross Section File in Leica GSI format All parameters describing the constituting elements of a cross section build a so called Cross Section (or Template) File. The following is an example of such a file in Leica GSI8 format. GSI16 is also supported. A Cross Section File must contain at least one cross section.

  • Page 32: Header Of A Cross Section File In Leica Gsi Format

    Header of a Cross Section File in Leica GSI format The header is the first line in the GSI file. There is only one header line per file. The header line takes the following form: 41..+0EXAMPLE 42..+TEMPLATE i t n c i f i t n c i f...

  • Page 33: Data Line For A Vertex In A Cross Section File In Leica Gsi Format

    Data line for a vertex in a Cross Section File in Leica GSI format 11..+QP000124 35..10+00012000 36..10-00002500 11..+TEMPLATE 35..10-00002000 36..10+00000000 71..+0000FILL 72..+00002000 l a t g i l . e l n i l n i l n i l i t i t n i n i l...
  • Page 34 The following table shows the two possibilities for defining vertices of a cross section and the predefined names which are required for each WI in a Cross Section File. l a t c i t c i t g i l s f f s f f l a t...

  • Page 35: The Cross Section Assignment File

    The Cross Section Assignment File Example for a Cross Section Assignment File in Leica GSI format The Cross Section Assignment File defines the stations for the cross sections. Note that the stations given for the cross sections do not necessarily correspond to stations where design elements start or end. The following is an example of such a file in Leica GSI8 format.

  • Page 36: Header Of A Cross Section Assignment File In Leica Gsi Format

    Header of a Cross Section Assignment File in Leica GSI format The header is the first line in the GSI file. There is only one header line per file. The header line takes the following form: 41..+0EXAMPLE 42..+ASSIGNMT 43..+CRSEXAMP i t n c i f i t n c i f...

  • Page 37: Data Line In A Cross Section Assignment File In Leica Gsi Format

    Data line in a Cross Section Assignment File in Leica GSI format 11..+QP000123 71..+00100000 e l i l a t g i l . e l c i t For the matter of completion, the following table is added as in the previous chapters. Data Files and Formats General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 38: The Station Equation File

    The Station Equation File Example for a Station Equation File in Leica GSI format The Station Equation File re-defines horizontal alignments after adding / removing constituing elements. Station Equation Files are optional for RoadPlus and only required when stationings have not been recomputed after changes in the Horizontal Alignment File.

  • Page 39: Header Of A Station Equation In Leica Gsi Format

    Header of a Station Equation in Leica GSI format The header is the first line in the GSI file. There is only one header line per file. The header line takes the following form: 41..+0EXAMPLE 42..+0STAEQTN i t n c i f i t n c i f , e l...

  • Page 40: Data Line In A Station Equation File In Leica Gsi Format

    Data line in a Station Equation File in Leica GSI format 41..+00000000 42..+00550725 43..+00450725 For the matter of completion, the following table is added as in the previous chapters. Data Files and Formats General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 41: Creating Roadplus Project Files

    Creating RoadPlus project files The data files is GSI format can be created either by using the Some commercial road packages such as Leica program RoadEd or by converting files from different road packages. • TopoCAD (Sweden) RoadEd is a basic tool intended for quick and easy creation of •...

  • Page 42: Copy The Data Files To The Pcmcia Card

    Copy the data files to the PCMCIA card Transferring the data files directly from the PC to the card Once the data files have been created, they need to be copied Format the PCMCIA card in the sensor. to the PCMCIA card. Insert the card into the PC.

  • Page 43: Transferring The Data Files To The Card Using Sensor Transfer In Ski-Pro

    Transferring the data files to the card using Sensor Transfer in SKI-Pro Switch the Sensor off. Under Files of Type: select GSI. Remove the TR500 terminal from the sensor. Under Sensor device: select PC-card. Connect the data transfer cable to the serial port of your Under Directory: select GSI.

  • Page 44: Terminology Of Road Staking

    Terminology of Road Staking Certain terminology is sometimes used for road staking. They may vary from country to country. In order to make the chapter on staking a road alignment with the program RoadPlus easier to understand, the basic terminology of one common way of road staking is introduced in this chapter.

  • Page 45: The Cut

    The Cut Original Ground Catch Point Existing ground level to be removed slope carriage way Finished Road Level verge Hinge Point Centre Line Terminology of Road Staking General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 46: The Fill

    The Fill Finished Road Level carriage way verge Hinge Point slope Fill to be placed (rocks/earth) Catch Point Original Ground Centre Line Terminology of Road Staking General Guide to RoadPlus - 4.0.0en...

  • Page 47: The Technical Terms

    The Technical Terms The part of the road on which you drive once the road is Since cuts / fills start from the original ground, there must be finished is called carriage way (roadway, travel way). a physical point on each desired cross section station where the finished design shape of the roadway cut / fill intersects with the existing ground surface.

  • Page 48: Staking A Road Alignment

    Staking a Road Alignment The Coordinate System This chapter of this guide explains the operation of the In order to get the correct result when working with RoadPlus, RoadPlus application program covering the following steps: the GPS jobs must be orientated to the same local grid coordinate system as the alignment to be staked out.

  • Page 49: Receiver Set-Up

    Receiver set-up Setting the units RoadPlus is a real-time application. The GPS sensors must be configured in the same coordinate units as those of the generated gsi files. Therefore, a properly initialised real-time configuration set is required. This means, reference and rover must be set-up Check the sensor settings in panel CONFIGURE \ Units.

  • Page 50: Starting The Application

    Starting the Application Configuring Road Stakeout Parameters Switch the receiver ON > Main Menu Panel ROAD+ \ Begin. Select 3 Applications ... CONF (F2) for defining the road stake parameters. CONT (F1) Panel ROAD+ \ Configuration Remember to ensure that the icon for the accuracy status DFLT (F5) shows the symbol for high precision navigation.
  • Page 51 Sta. Tol. - Enter a value for station tolerance. This is the Hinge Mode - Method for the catch point determination. The accepted tolerance for the difference between two stations as options are Normal and Not from End Pts. When Normal is calculated from the stationing and the coordinates.

  • Page 52: Selecting The Files

    Selecting the Files Panel ROAD+ \ Begin The alignment checking routine starts. This routine may detect errors in one of the files and promt an warning message. Job - Press ENTER to open listbox (and if required create a new job) or use right and left arrow key to toggle between jobs.

  • Page 53: Staking Even Stations Of The Horizontal Alignment

    Staking even stations of the Horizontal Alignment Follow the instructions in the chapters Starting the Application, XSEC (F4) - Starts cross section staking. See chapter "Staking Configuring Road Stakeout Parameters and Selecting the a Cross Section". Files in order to get to the panel ROAD+ \ Station & Offset. STA? (F5) - Station and offset calculation for a known point Initially, this panel appears as below: (select from point ID listbox) or for a new point (determine...
  • Page 54 STAKE (F1) Panel STAKE-OUT \ Occupy Point You will automatically be taken to the Stakeout graphics screen. Panel STAKE-OUT \ xxx whereas xxx is the name for the file stake point as defined in stake out setting. The current Point ID may be accepted or changed. 3D Quality - Observe the position quality indicator.
  • Page 55 STORE (F1) The system returns to Panel ROAD+ \ Station & Offset where the station has incremented by the station increment value. Repeat the steps before to stake-out additional stations along the alignment. Once the last point (EOP) in the Horizontal Alignment File has been staked and you continue anyway, this confirmation message will appear: OK (F5) and then CONT (F1) to continue anyway...

  • Page 56: Staking Uneven Stations Of The Horizontal Alignment

    Staking uneven stations of the Horizontal Alignment It is often required to stake stations that are not on the even Panel ROAD+ \ Point Coords station as defined by the station interval. The steps below describe how to stake a station at an uneven station. Follow the instructions in the chapters Starting the Application, Configuring Road Stakeout Parameters and Selecting the Files in order to get to the panel ROAD+ \ Station &...
  • Page 57 Once in the Stakeout graphics screen navigate to the correct The current Point ID may be accepted or changed. point as normal. 3D Quality - Observe the position quality indicator. Data Orient - Select a method of orientation as reference direction. should not be recorded until you are satisfied with this value.
  • Page 58 Panel ROAD+ \ Station & Offset Here, the station has incremented to the next regular station according to the defined station increment value. For complete information on how to use STAKE-OUT please refer to chapter "Real-Time Rover, Staking Out" in the "Techni- cal Reference Manual".

  • Page 59: Staking A Cross Section

    Staking a Cross Section Follow the instructions in the chapters Starting the Application, OK (F1) Configuring Road Stakeout Parameters and Selecting the Files in order to get to the panel ROAD+ \ Station & Offset. Panel ROAD+ \ Cross Sections Initially, the panel looks as shown above.
  • Page 60 Cross Sect. - Use the left / right arrow keys to toggle between Stake Offs. - Stake offset for a cross section point (see cross sections. graphic below). Scroll bar - Indicator for the position along the cross section S.Offset Ht - Height mode for the stake offset. The options template.
  • Page 61 Further options in this panel are: Select the point along the cross section which you want to stake. • CL (F3) - Select the point of the centre template. ß CONT (F1) • (F2) - Select next template point to the left. à...
  • Page 62 Orient - Select a method of orientation as reference direction. Panel STAKE-OUT \ Occupy Point The next line shows the station of the horizontal alignment to which the cross section is assigned. The number and letter in brackets to the right express how many positions left (L) or right (R) of the cross section's centre line you are working or if you are on the centre (C).

  • Page 63: Staking A Catch Point

    Staking a Catch Point Pressing this key gives the difference between the designed The stakeout functionallity for a catch point can be accessed coordinates and staked coordinates of the point. If the point from the panel ROAD+ \ Cross Sections. elevation has been changed before staking, the value Diff Cut On how to get there follow the instructions in chapter Staking / Fill is calculated relative to this new elevation.
  • Page 64 for which the cross section has to be staked. ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ H fmHinge - The horizontal distance of the actual pole position from the hinge point. ∆ H from CL ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ V fmHinge - The vertical distance of the actual pole position ∆...
  • Page 65 If the planned catch point cannot be accessed, use SHIFT + ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ SHIFT + + + + + REFPT (F5) St=0 (F2). Wherever you are RoadPlus, determines a new cross section such that ∆ St=0. Panel Road+ \ Reference Point Once the desired point is located: STORE (F3) Panel ROAD+ \ Catch Point...
  • Page 66 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ H from CL - The vertical distance of the actual pole position Panel Road+ \ Reference Point from the centre line. ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ V from CL - The vertical distance of the actual pole position from the height of the centre line.

  • Page 67: Glossary

    Glossary Centre Line Parameter A of a clothoïde. Defined as A = R x L (A - para- The plan view alignment, also called Horizontal Alignment. meter, R - radius, L - length of portion of curve). Chainage Alignment The cumultative distance along the horizontal alignment, A curvilinear line describing the plan or profile view of a project.
  • Page 68 Curve In Equation A portion of a clothoïde. Spiral transition from larger to smaller Required for a point on the horizontal alignment where the radius curve (R > R parameter A). stationing is discontinuous. Gap equations and overlap equations are distinguished. Curve Out Fill Slope A portion of a clothoïde.
  • Page 69 Grade Offset Point Rate of change in elevation of the vertical alignment. See reference point Ground Surface Original Ground See original ground The undisturbed surface before project construction is started as well as the actual shape of the project at the current stage of construction;...
  • Page 70 Parabola Slope A parabolic arc. Exists only on vertical alignments. The slope is next to the verge. It links the road level with the original ground. Its slope ratio is usually higher than the one of the verge. For a fill, the slope direction corresponds to the one of the verge.
  • Page 71 Station Ahead Tangent The stationing to be applied going forward along the alignment A straight line connecting two position points (XY) or height from the equation. points (Z). It touches a circle, curve or spiral in one point and is perpendicular to the radius of the circle, curve or spiral in this point.

  • Page 72: Index

    Index A 11, 67 Design Elements 8 Alignment 67 Design Surface 68 Backward Station Equation 67 Equation 68 Batter 67 Fill 46 Carriage Way 45, 46, 47, 67 Fill Slope 68 Catch Point 45, 46, 47, 67 Finished Road Level 45, 46, 47, 68 Centre Line 67 Forward Station Equation 68 Chainage 67...
  • Page 73 Station Ahead 21, 71 Station Back 21, 71 Offset 69 Station Equation 20, 71 Offset Catch Point 47 Station Equation File 22, 38 Offset Point 69 Superelevation 19, 71 Original Ground 45, 46, 47, 69 Original Surface 69 Overlap Equation 21, 69 Tangent 10, 13, 71 Toe of Bank 47, 71 Top of Bank 47, 71...
  • Page 74 Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg, Total Quality Management- Switzerland, has been certified as Our commitment to total customer being equipped with a quality system satisfaction which meets the International Stan- dards of Quality Management and Ask your local Leica agent for more...

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