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ATI Technologies Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition User Manual
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ATI Technologies Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition User Manual

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Radeon
X1900
TM
CrossFire
Edition
User's Guide
P/N 137-40974-10

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  • Page 1 ® Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition User’s Guide P/N 137-40974-10...
  • Page 2 ATI hardware, software, or other products and documentation provided herein. ATI Technologies Inc. reserves the right to make changes without further notice to a product or system described herein to improve reliability, function or design. With respect to ATI products which this...
  • Page 3 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS • Read Instructions - All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the product is operated. • Retain Instructions - The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference. • Heed Warnings - All warnings on the product and the operating instructions should be adhered to.
  • Page 5 Table of Contents Getting Started......1 System Requirements External Connections Types of CrossFire™ Connections Before You Begin Record Your Serial and Part Numbers Uninstall Previous Graphics Card Drivers...
  • Page 6 Other Quick Launch Access Points Help Displays Manager Video Display Options Color Monitor Properties Component Video Properties Digital Panel Properties Hotkeys Manager Profiles Manager Preferences CrossFire™ To access CrossFire™ CrossFire™ FAQ ......33 Welcome to CrossFire™...
  • Page 7 Index ........75...
  • Page 8 viii...
  • Page 9 CHAPTER 1: Getting Started ® Congratulations on the purchase of your ATI Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition graphics card. We hope that you will enjoy countless hours of trouble-free computing.
  • Page 10 System Requirements Hardware • Intel® Pentium® 4 or AMD Athlon®. • 512MB of system memory; 1GB or more for best performance. • Optical drive for installation software (CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive). • Specialized PCI Express® 450 watt or greater power supply recommended.
  • Page 11 Types of CrossFire™ Connections 3 External Connections The following connection types are available on the baseplate of your ® Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition: • DVI-I • VHDCI Types of CrossFire™ Connections A CrossFire™ Master card will have one of two different types of CrossFire™-specific connection: either a DMS-59™-based CrossFire™...
  • Page 12 4 Before You Begin Before You Begin Before you begin installing your new graphics card, please do the following. Record Your Serial and Part Numbers The serial number and 102 part number printed on the graphics card are required for registration. They are located on a sticker on the back of the card.
  • Page 13 Before You Begin 5 Note: If the previously installed graphics card has any additional software installed, it should also be removed at this point. Restart your system after the drivers have been removed.
  • Page 14 6 Before You Begin...
  • Page 15 CHAPTER 2: Installing Hardware This chapter will guide you through the physical installation of your ® Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition graphics card. ® The Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition will always be the Master graphics card due to its on-board compositing engine and the associated VHDCI connector.
  • Page 16 8 Installing CrossFire™ Graphics Cards ® Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition Graphics Card (Master) Slot 0 CrossFire™-Compatible Graphics Card (Slave) Slot 1 Power Cables. Note: The above illustration is an example only. The order of card installation is dependent on the motherboard and may be different than shown above.
  • Page 17 Installing CrossFire™ Graphics Cards 9 Unscrew or unfasten and remove any non-CrossFire™ supported graphics card from your computer. Locate the primary (slot 0) PCI Express® slot on the motherboard. If necessary, remove the metal backplate cover from the case housing. Note: To determine the primary PCI Express®...
  • Page 18 10 Installing CrossFire™ Ready Graphics card Installing CrossFire™ Ready Graphics card If you haven’t already done so, install your CrossFire™ Ready slave card now. Turn off the computer, monitor, and other peripheral devices. Unplug the computer’s power cord and disconnect all cables from the back of your computer.
  • Page 19 Connecting devices for CrossFire™ 11 Align your CrossFire™ Master card in the slot and press firmly until the card is fully seated. Connect the power cable to the 6-pin Molex power connection on the graphics card. Screw in or fasten the graphics card securely. Make sure the cables are not interfering with anything inside the computer (for example, a cooling fan) and replace the computer cover.
  • Page 20 12 Connecting devices for CrossFire™ CrossFire™ Edition Graphics Card (Master) CrossFire™-Compatible Graphics Card (Slave) VHDCI Connection and CrossFire™ Interconnect Cable DVI-I Adapter connects to Slave graphics card DVI-I Adapter connects to display device DVI-I-to-VGA Adapter to CRT Display (optional)
  • Page 21 Display Configurations 13 CHAPTER 3: Using Multiple Displays Display Configurations Display support is only available through the CrossFire™ Interconnect cable when CrossFire™ is active. This arrangement ensures the highest possible performance. When CrossFire™ is active other display devices connected to the other DVI or VGA connections on the Master and Slave graphics cards are rendered inactive.
  • Page 22 14 Display Configurations CrossFire™ Edition Graphics Card (Master) CrossFire™-Compatible Graphics Card (Slave) DVI-I Connector VHDCI CrossFire™ Interconnect Cable DVI-I Connector DVI-I-to-VGA Adapter CRT Display Flat Panel Display DVI-I Connection (can be used to add another display)
  • Page 23 Display Configurations 15 The following table shows possible display configurations available when CrossFire™ is not enabled. Connection Display Comments Type Configuration Master Card DFP display DFP - digital flat panel display. using VHDCI CRT display CRT- cathode ray tube analog display. connector and using DVI-to- Interconnect...
  • Page 24 16 Display Configurations Enabling Multiple Displays Use the Displays Manager of the Catalyst™ Control Center to enable multiple displays. The Displays Manager is available in both Standard and Advanced views of the Catalyst™ Control Center. Disable CrossFire™ before enabling secondary devices. Enable a secondary display device •...
  • Page 25 Installing Drivers and Software in Windows® 17 CHAPTER 4: Installing Software and Drivers This chapter will guide you through the installation of the drivers and ® software associated with your Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition graphics card. Installing Drivers and Software in Windows®...
  • Page 26 18 Installing Drivers and Software in Windows® Start your system. When the Found New Hardware Wizard appears, click Cancel. When the System Settings Change window asks you to restart your computer, click No. Run the ATISETUP utility. The ATISETUP utility will start automatically when you insert the ATI Installation CD-ROM into your optical drive after the operating system has started.
  • Page 27 Monitor Configuration 19 Monitor Configuration Once the drivers and software have been installed, you can configure your monitor.. Warning - Choosing a refresh rate unsupported by your monitor may damage your monitor. Consult your monitor’s documentation if necessary. To configure your primary display Navigate to the Control Panel and choose Display, or right-click on the desktop and choose Properties.
  • Page 28 20 Installing the Catalyst™ Software Suite additional monitors will be designated as Secondary. Note: You can also enable multiple monitors using ATI’s Catalyst™ Control Center. Reinstalling Drivers You can install new drivers or reinstall existing drivers if there was a Windows®...
  • Page 29 Installing the Catalyst™ Software Suite 21 media. Insert the ATI Installation CD-ROM into your optical drive. If Windows® runs the CD-ROM automatically, proceed to step 5. Click Start > Run . Type the following: D:\ATISETUP is not your optical drive, substitute the correct drive letter.) Click OK .
  • Page 30 22 Installing the Catalyst™ Software Suite...
  • Page 31 Launching Catalyst™ Control Center 23 CHAPTER 5: Catalyst™ Control Center The Catalyst™ Control Center is a graphical user application providing access to the display features contained within the installed ATI hardware and software. Use the Catalyst™ Control Center to fine-tune your graphics settings, enable or disable connected display devices, and change the orientation of your desktop.
  • Page 32 24 Launching Catalyst™ Control Center • Click to All Programs > ATI Catalyst™ Control Center > ATI Catalyst™ Control Center. Other Quick Launch Access Points Launching Catalyst™ Control Center Using the System Tray Right-click the ATI icon in the Windows® System Tray. Select Catalyst™...
  • Page 33 Help 25 Catalyst™ Control Center Dialog Help Use the Catalyst™ Control Center Help feature to access the comprehensive online help system, generate a Problem Report, and get the installed Catalyst™ Control Center version information. To access Help • Click the Help button in the Catalyst™ Control Center Dashboard. •...
  • Page 34 26 Video aspect to quickly change your display setup, arrange your desktop in a multi-monitor environment, and enable TV Out. Those new to the Catalyst™ Control Center may use the Basic View wizard to help you configure your display preferences. Experienced users who prefer to manually configure their desktop setting should use the Advanced View.
  • Page 35 Display Options 27 To access the Video aspect • Select Video in either Basic or Advanced View. Display Options The Display Options aspect gives you additional control to optimize performance of OpenGL® and Direct 3D® applications. Use 3D Refresh Rate Override to set a refresh rate of your choice when a full-screen application or game has a default refresh rate that is lower than optimal.
  • Page 36 28 Monitor Properties Monitor Properties Use the Monitor Properties aspect to configure your Display Data Channel (DDC) monitor’s attributes, to display information about the connected monitor, and adjust the output display’s position and size. Note: Catalyst™ Control Center loads aspects dynamically based on what device is attached to the graphics card.
  • Page 37 Hotkeys Manager 29 Hotkeys Manager The Hotkeys Manager allows you to create shortcut key combinations to quickly perform tasks such as changing a graphics setting or opening an application. A hot key is a combination of one or more modifier keys, such as Ctrl, Alt, or Shift, and any letter from the alphabet.
  • Page 38 30 CrossFire™ • Always on Top • Enable System Tray menu • Restore factory defaults • Hide Toolbar Text • Select a Language • Select a Skin To access Preferences • Click Preferences in Advanced View of the Catalyst™ Control Center.
  • Page 39 CrossFire™ 31 Enable CrossFire™ From the Tree View pane, click CrossFire™ in Advanced View. Click Enable CrossFire™. When CrossFire™ is successfully enabled all display devices, except the one used by CrossFire™, will be disabled. Note: CrossFire™ Higher Quality anti-aliasing can be adjusted in the Catalyst™...
  • Page 40 32 CrossFire™...
  • Page 41 CHAPTER 6: CrossFire™ FAQ The following are frequently-asked questions about CrossFire™. For the latest information, please consult the CrossFire™ Web site at: ati.com/crossfire What combination of products are required to build a working CrossFire™ system? Three components are required: • a CrossFire™ Edition graphics card that works as the Master graphics card.
  • Page 42 Which slot does the CrossFire™ Master card go into on the motherboard? The CrossFire™ Master card must go into the primary PCI Express® slot (slot zero) on the motherboard. Note: To determine which PCIe™ slot is the primary slot, consult your motherboard manual.
  • Page 43 To access and enable CrossFire™ in Catalyst™ Control Center, do the following: • Click CrossFire™ in Advanced View. Then, select Enable CrossFire™. When CrossFire™ is successfully enabled, all display devices except the one used by CrossFire™ will be disabled. Multiple monitors/ displays that are disabled when CrossFire™...
  • Page 44 CrossFire™ Edition graphics cards include a “compositing engine”, a chip that takes the partially rendered image from the Slave graphics card and merges it with the partially rendered image from the Master graphics card. The result is a complete frame rendered at up to twice the performance of a single graphics card.
  • Page 45 dependant on both the hardware configuration and the application being run. What type of performance improvement is expected? Performance enhancements experienced on a CrossFire™ system depend on the application or game being used. Performance improvements can be increased up to 100%. How many independent displays can be connected to a CrossFire™...
  • Page 47 CrossFire™ Overview 39 CHAPTER 7: Welcome to CrossFire™ ATI's CrossFire™ propels gaming PCs with the ultimate multi-GPU consumer graphics solution. CrossFire™ Overview This section provides an overview of the main features and configurations for CrossFire™. These topics will be covered in more detail in other chapters of this manual.
  • Page 48 40 CrossFire™ Rendering Modes The first three are performance-oriented modes, and Super Anti-aliasing is a quality-oriented mode. Each mode uses a different method for dividing the workload required to render a 3D image across multiple GPUs. Only one mode can be in operation at any given time. The ATI Catalyst™...
  • Page 49 CrossFire™ Rendering Modes 41 PCI Express® Slave Graphics Card ® ™ Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition Master Graphics Card Partial Frame Rendered on PCI Express® Slave Graphics Card Partial Frame Rendered on PCI Express® Master Graphics Card Final Rendered Frame on Display SuperTiling has the advantage of being able to work with practically any 3D application.
  • Page 50 42 CrossFire™ Rendering Modes PCI Express® Slave Graphics Card ® ™ Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition Master Graphics Card Partial Frame Rendered on PCI Express® Slave Graphics Card Partial Frame Rendered on PCI Express® Master Graphics Card Final Rendered Frame on Display Although Scissor Mode is generally a less efficient means of splitting the workload than using SuperTiling, there are a few cases where it can be more efficient.
  • Page 51 CrossFire™ Rendering Modes 43 improvements of all the available modes. It is also the only mode that allows the full vertex processing performance of both GPUs to be combined. PCI Express® Slave Graphics Card ® ™ Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition Master Graphics Card Partial Frame Rendered on PCI Express®...
  • Page 52 44 CrossFire™ Rendering Modes Super Anti-aliasing Mode Anti-aliasing (AA) is a rendering technique designed to remove jagged edges, shimmering, and pixelation problems that are common in rendered 3D images. Rather than simply determining the color of each pixel on the screen by sampling a single location at the pixel’s center, anti-aliasing works by sampling multiple locations within each pixel and blending the results together to determine the final color.
  • Page 53 CrossFire™ Rendering Modes 45 PCI Express® Slave Graphics Card ® ™ Radeon X1900 CrossFire Edition Master Graphics Card Partial Frame Rendered on PCI Express® Slave Graphics Card Partial Frame Rendered on PCI Express® Master Graphics Card Final Rendered Frame on Display Some types of textures, especially those with transparent portions, can exhibit aliasing that is not removed by MSAA techniques.
  • Page 54 46 CrossFire™ Rendering Modes aliasing overcomes both of these problems. It takes advantage of the second GPU to render the additional pixels required for each frame, so there is little or no performance impact. It can also make use of a more effective sample pattern that does a better job of anti-aliasing near-horizontal and near- vertical edges, resulting in better overall image quality.
  • Page 55 Troubleshooting 47 CHAPTER 8: Reference This chapter provides information on troubleshooting, where to get additional accessories, how to register your product, plus warranty and compliance information. Troubleshooting The following troubleshooting tips may help if you experience problems. ATI’s documentation contains helpful installation/configuration tips and other valuable feature information.
  • Page 56 48 Troubleshooting General Troubleshooting Problem Possible Solution No Display • Check that the card is seated properly in its expansion slot. • Ensure that the monitor cable is securely fastened to the card. • Make sure that the monitor and computer are plugged in and receiving power.
  • Page 57 Troubleshooting 49 CrossFire™-Specific Troubleshooting Problem Possible Solution CrossFire™ is In order for CrossFire™ to function the interconnect cable Not Functioning must be correctly connected to both the Master and Slave graphics cards. 1. Connect the VHDCI connector of the interconnect cable to the VHDCI connection on the Master card.
  • Page 58 50 Troubleshooting CrossFire™-Specific Troubleshooting Problem Possible Solution “CrossFire™ Is This error is occurred because CrossFire™ did not Currently correctly detect your graphics hardware or their is a Unavailable.” problem with the software. • Check the graphics card are installed correctly. •...
  • Page 59 Product Registration 51 HDTV/HDTV Adapter Troubleshooting Problem Possible Solution The colors on my • Ensure that the connections between the Component TV display are Video Adapter and your HDTV are correct (Y=Green, incorrect Pb=Blue, Pr=Red). There is no • Your TV will not display anything until Windows starts; display on my TV this may take several minutes.
  • Page 60 If you require further assistance with your product, the following Customer Care options are available: Service Availability Language Access ati.com Online 24/7 English, French, Spanish, ATI TECHNOLOGIES INC. Portuguese, Attention: Customer Care German Mail 1 Commerce Valley Drive East Markham, Ontario Canada L3T 7X6 Telephone 9:00AM - English 1-877-284-1566 (toll-free) US &...
  • Page 61 Getting Additional Accessories 53 the ATI product, whether your product contains a defect, and whether your product is under warranty. • ATI Customer Care is unable to assist with refunds, returns, or exchange specific inquiries. If resolving the problem being experienced is critical to your decision to keep the product, it is your responsibility to ensure that you know and are within the period of time your reseller will allow for refunds, returns or...
  • Page 62 Cet appareil numérique de la Classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. For further compliance information: ATI Research Inc. 4 Mount Royal Ave. Marlborough, MA 01752-1976 508-303-3900 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive Compliance This product was manufactured by ATI Technologies Inc.
  • Page 63 CHAPTER 9: Glossary Acronym for “two dimensional,” a term applied to computer graphics that are “flat.” Typical desktop applications such as word processors, spreadsheet programs, or other programs that manipulate print or simple graphics (such as pictures or line art) are generally considered to be operating within a 2D environment, even when they include simple three dimensional elements, such as buttons.
  • Page 64 images much more smoothly and quickly than was previously possible with PCI video cards; AGP runs at several times the bus speed of PCI and employs sideband addressing, so multiple data transfers between the graphics processor and the computer can take place concurrently. AGP is currently being phased out in favour of PCI Express®...
  • Page 65 jaggedness by filling in the white spaces between the jagged edges with varying shades of grey. Aspect A group of related features in ATI’s Catalyst™ Control Center software. For example, the Color aspect clusters together controls that handles gamma, brightness, contrast, and other features relating directly to the display of color.
  • Page 66 Bit Depth Refers to the number of data bits required to store color information about a pixel. Larger bit depth means a greater range of color information is capable of being encoded into each pixel. For example, 1 binary bit of memory can only encode to either “0”...
  • Page 67 such things as 2D and 3D performance while providing immediate feedback using a more intuitive graphical user interface. Color Component Three color components—Red, Green, and Blue—combine in various intensities to determine the color of each pixel on the screen. The values of each color component are graphically represented by a corresponding color curve.
  • Page 68 Composite Video Composite video is a type of analog video signal that combines both brightness and color information into a single signal. It typically uses a single RCA connection for the video channel, and separate RCA connections for the left and right audio channels. The quality of the video signal is reduced by the process of mixing the brightness and multiple color channels together into a single channel.
  • Page 69 Dashboard The dashboard is the part of the Catalyst™ Control Center used to display a graphical representation of the features available in installed ATI hardware and software. The dashboard can be used to access all of the aspects (sets of related graphical features) available on a graphics card. The dashboard is only available in Advanced view and Custom view which is aimed at more experienced users.
  • Page 70 connections: DVI-A (analog), DVI-D (digital), and DVI-I (integrated, capable of either analog or digital). It supports high-bandwidth video signals over 160 Hz, so it is most often used for high-resolution displays. EDTV Acronym for “Enhanced Definition Television,” which produces better television image quality than Standard Definition Television (SDTV).
  • Page 71 naturalistic performance for such things as games set in a 3D environment. Sometimes abbreviated to “fps.” Gamma Sometimes confused with brightness, gamma actually refers to the correction that is applied to any display device in order to produce more gradual increases or decreases in the perceived brightness for that device. A change in gamma produces a non-linear change in the color curve, ensuring that perceived changes in color and intensity are consistently applied.
  • Page 72 described by its red, green, and blue values, minus any additional brightness or saturation values for that color. HydraVision™ HydraVision™ is ATI’s multi-monitor management software, enabling users to manage the display of multiple windows and applications across two adjacent monitors. It also includes a range of productivity features designed to effectively manage applications in this environment.
  • Page 73 Mipmapping The most memory-intensive aspect of 3D graphics are the textures that give an object its realism (like wood, marble, leather, and cloth). Because objects in real life become less detailed as they move farther away from the viewer, 3D programmers simulate this by using less detailed, lower resolution texture maps on distant objects.
  • Page 74 under Windows®, Mac OS® X, and various forms of Unix, including Linux®. An acronym for “Phase Alternating Line”, the name for a video broadcast standard used in much of Europe (except France), most of Asia, the Middle-East, Africa and Australia. It draws a total of 625 vertical interlaced frames of video at a refresh rate of 25 Hz.
  • Page 75 Pixel All computer images are made up of tiny dots. Each individual dot is called a pixel, a word created from the term “picture element.” A pixel is the smallest indivisible unit of a digital image and can be only a single color. The size of the pixel depends on how the display resolution has been set.
  • Page 76 three channels (say, red) and 0% in the two others (green and blue). Conversely, a fully desaturated color is one where all of the color values are the same. Saturation can therefore be thought of as the relative difference between the values of the channels. SCART SCART is an acronym for “Syndicat des Constructeurs d'Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs”.
  • Page 77 also draws a total of 625 vertical interlaced frames of video at a refresh rate of 25Hz, but uses a fundamentally different way of encoding its colors. The name is an acronym for “Séquential Couleur avec Mémoire,” which is French for “sequential color with memory.” Shadow Mask In CRT monitors, the shadow mask is a metal plate full of tiny holes that is attached to the inside of the glass screen.
  • Page 78 can differentiate between a “hard,” smooth surface, such as metal or porcelain, or a “soft,” textured surface, such as fabric or skin. Super Anti-aliasing A feature that improves image quality by combining the results of full- screen anti-aliasing across two graphics cards in a CrossFire™ configuration.
  • Page 79 Texture Mapping In computer graphics, two-dimensional textured surfaces are referred to as texture maps. Texture mapping is the process by which a two-dimensional surface gets wrapped around a three-dimensional object so that the 3D object takes on the same texture qualities. For example, if you take a 2D textured surface that looks like cloth and wrap it around a 3D sphere, the sphere will now appear to have a cloth-like surface.
  • Page 80 Vertex Shader Three-dimensional objects displayed on a screen are rendered using polygons, each of which is made up of intersecting triangles. A vertex is a corner of a triangle where it connects to another triangle, and each vertex carries a considerable amount of information describing its coordinates in 3D space, as well as its weight, color, texture coordinates, fog, and point size data.
  • Page 81 Z-buffer The portion of video memory that keeps track of which onscreen elements can be viewed and which are hidden behind other objects. In the case of a 3D image, it keeps track of which elements are occluded by the foreground in relation to the user’s perspective, or by another 3D object.
  • Page 83 Index Symbols “CrossFire Is Currently Unavailable” Numerics 102 part number 1080i 57, 63 16:9 (aspect ratio) 27, 36, 40, 41, 44, 49, 50, 55, 69, 70 55, 69 57, 63, 68 4:3 (aspect ratio) 51, 63, 68 480i 51, 68 480p 5:4 (aspect ratio) 51, 63...
  • Page 84 20, 40 Catalyst 30, 36 Catalyst A.I. 16, 20, 23, 30, 34, 35, 36, 40, 50, 58 Catalyst Control Center Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) 70, 72 chrominance CMOS 19, 27, 44, 48, 57 Color Color component Color correction Color curve Compliance Information compliance information Component Video Properties...
  • Page 85 23, 61 Dashboard Digital digital flat panel 15, 48 Digital Flat Panel (DFP) Digital flat-panel (DFP) display Digital Panel properties Digital Video Interface 27, 56, 61, 68, 70 Direct 3D Display Data Channel (DDC) Display Detection Options Display Options Dithering 61, 69 Dot pitch driver installation...
  • Page 86 Formats Frame Buffer Frames per second (fps) Fullscreen Fullscreen modes 27, 44, 57, 63 gamma Getting Additional Accessories 62, 63 Gouraud Shading 40, 41, 43, 60 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 65, 69 Graphical Processor Unit (GPU) HDTV Adapter Troubleshooting 4, 19, 23, 25, 52 Help 15, 28, 51, 63, 68...
  • Page 87 62, 65, 67 NTSC Offscreen Memory 27, 64, 65 OpenGL 66, 68 2, 8, 11, 12, 14, 33, 34, 41, 42, 43, 45, 49, 50 PCI Express 56, 66 PCI Express (PCIe) Pentium Péritel Pipeline 40, 44, 45, 46, 67, 69 Pixel pixel shaders 2, 7, 8...
  • Page 88 Screen rotation SECAM secondary display device secondary slot Separate Video serial number shader shader effects Shadow mask Slave Graphics Card 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 33, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, Slave graphics card 45, 60 slot zero SmartShader HD 46, 69 SmoothVision HD Software...
  • Page 89 UXGA 16, 60, 70 vertex processing Vertex shader vertex shaders vertical refresh rate 2, 11, 14, 15, 67, 72 VGA connector 7, 11, 12, 14, 49 VHDCI VHDCI connection 26, 27, 48, 50, 51 Video Video Graphics Array Video In, Video Out (VIVO) video memory VIVO (Video In, Video Out) VPU Recover...