About Midi; Midi Data Format - Yamaha S80 Data List

About MIDI

MIDI is an acronym that stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface,
which allows electronic musical instruments to "communicate" with each
other, by sending and receiving compatible Note, Control Change, Program
Change and various other types of MIDI data, or messages.
The S80 can control a MIDI device by transmitting note related data and
various types of controller data. The S80 can be controlled by the incoming
MIDI messages which automatically select MIDI channels, voices and
effects, change parameter values, and of course play the voices specified
for the various Parts in a Performance.
MIDI Messages Transmitted/Received by the
S80
The MIDI messages can be divided into two groups: the Channel Messages and System
Messages. Below is a brief explanation of the various types of MIDI messages which the S80
can receive/transmit.
CHANNEL MESSAGES
The Channel Messages are the data related to the performance on the keyboard for the
specific channel.
•Note On/Note Off (Key On/Key Off)
Messages which are generated when the keyboard is played. Each message includes a
specific note number which corresponds to the key which is pressed, plus a velocity
value based on how hard the key is struck.
•Control Change
Control Change messages let you select a voice bank (Bank Select), control volume,
panning, modulation, portamento time, brightness and various other controller
parameters, through specific Control Change numbers which correspond to each of the
various parameters.
•Program Change
Messages which voice to select for each Part.
With a combination of Bank Select, you can select not only basic voice numbers, but
also variation voice bank numbers.
•Channel Aftertouch
Messages which let you control the sounds by the pressure you apply to the keys after
the initial striking of the keys, over the entire channel.
•Polyphonic Key Pressure
Messages which let you control the sounds by the pressure you apply to the keys after
the initial striking of the keys, for each individual key. The internal sequencer (S80) can
send this message.
•Pitch Bend
Pitch Bend messages are continuous controller messages that allow the pitch of
designated notes to be raised or lowered by a specified amount over a specified
duration.
SYSTEM MESSAGES
The System Messages are the data related to the overall system of the device.
•Exclusive Messages
Exclusive messages control various functions of the S80, including bulk dump, master
volume and master tuning, effect type and various other parameters.
•Realtime Messages
Messages which control the sequencer including Start, Stop, Continue, MIDI clock and
Active Sensing messages.
•Common Messages
Messages which also control the sequencer including Song Select and Song Position
Pointer messages.

MIDI Data Format

Many MIDI messages listed in the MIDI Data Format section are expressed in hexadecimal or
binary numbers. Hexadecimal numbers may include the letter "H" as a suffix. The letter "n"
indicates a certain whole number.
The chart below lists the corresponding decimal number for each hexadecimal/binary number.
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
0 00 0000 0000
1 01 0000 0001
2 02 0000 0010
3 03 0000 0011
4 04 0000 0100
5 05 0000 0101
6 06 0000 0110
7 07 0000 0111
8 08 0000 1000
9 09 0000 1001
10 0A 0000 1010
11 0B 0000 1011
12 0C 0000 1100
13 0D 0000 1101
14 0E 0000 1110
15 0F 0000 1111
16 10 0001 0000
17 11 0001 0001
18 12 0001 0010
19 13 0001 0011
20 14 0001 0100
21 15 0001 0101
22 16 0001 0110
23 17 0001 0111
24 18 0001 1000
25 19 0001 1001
26 1A 0001 1010
27 1B 0001 1011
28 1C 0001 1100
29 1D 0001 1101
30 1E 0001 1110
31 1F 0001 1111
32 20 0010 0000
33 21 0010 0001
34 22 0010 0010
35 23 0010 0011
36 24 0010 0100
37 25 0010 0101
38 26 0010 0110
39 27 0010 0111
40 28 0010 1000
41 29 0010 1001
42 2A 0010 1010
43 2B 0010 1011
44 2C 0010 1100
45 2D 0010 1101
46 2E 0010 1110
47 2F 0010 1111
48 30 0011 0000
49 31 0011 0001
50 32 0011 0010
51 33 0011 0011
52 34 0011 0100
53 35 0011 0101
54 36 0011 0110
55 37 0011 0111
56 38 0011 1000
57 39 0011 1001
58 3A 0011 1010
59 3B 0011 1011
60 3C 0011 1100
61 3D 0011 1101
62 3E 0011 1110
63 3F 0011 1111
Additional Notes
• For example, 144 - 159(Decimal)/9nH/1001 0000 - 1001 1111(Binary) indicate the note-on
messages for the channels 1 through 16 respectively. 176 - 191/BnH/1011 0000 - 1011 1111
indicate the control change messages for the channels 1 through 16 respectively. 192 -
207/CnH/1100 0000 - 1100 1111 indicate the program change messages for the channels 1
through 16 respectively. 240/F0H/1111 0000 is positioned at the beginning of data to
indicate a system exclusive message. 247/F7H/1111 0111 is positioned at the end of the
system exclusive message.
• aaH(Hexadecimal)/0aaaaaaa(Binary) indicates the data addresses. The data address
consists of High, Mid and Low.
• bbH/0bbbbbbb indicates byte counts.
• ccH/0ccccccc indicates tcheck sums.
• ddH/0ddddddd indicates data/value.
26
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
64 40 0100 0000
65 41 0100 0001
66 42 0100 0010
67 43 0100 0011
68 44 0100 0100
69 45 0100 0101
70 46 0100 0110
71 47 0100 0111
72 48 0100 1000
73 49 0100 1001
74 4A 0100 1010
75 4B 0100 1011
76 4C 0100 1100
77 4D 0100 1101
78 4E 0100 1110
79 4F 0100 1111
80 50 0101 0000
81 51 0101 0001
82 52 0101 0010
83 53 0101 0011
84 54 0101 0100
85 55 0101 0101
86 56 0101 0110
87 57 0101 0111
88 58 0101 1000
89 59 0101 1001
90 5A 0101 1010
91 5B 0101 1011
92 5C 0101 1100
93 5D 0101 1101
94 5E 0101 1110
95 5F 0101 1111
96 60 0110 0000
97 61 0110 0001
98 62 0110 0010
99 63 0110 0011
100 64 0110 0100
101 65 0110 0101
102 66 0110 0110
103 67 0110 0111
104 68 0110 1000
105 69 0110 1001
106 6A 0110 1010
107 6B 0110 1011
108 6C 0110 1100
109 6D 0110 1101
110 6E 0110 1110
111 6F 0110 1111
112 70 0111 0000
113 71 0111 0001
114 72 0111 0010
115 73 0111 0011
116 74 0111 0100
117 75 0111 0101
118 76 0111 0110
119 77 0111 0111
120 78 0111 1000
121 79 0111 1001
122 7A 0111 1010
123 7B 0111 1011
124 7C 0111 1100
125 7D 0111 1101
126 7E 0111 1110
127 7F 0111 1111