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Lufft CHM 15k User Manual

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Summary of Contents for Lufft CHM 15k

  • Page 1 Titelseite General Information - 1 -...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Safety instructions for transport, installation, commissioning and cleaning ......5 Description of the warnings ....................... 6 2.5.1 Description of warning symbols ....................6 2.5.2 Description of precautionary statements ................... 6 Product labeling CHM 15k ......................7 Designated use ......................... 7 Technical Data ..........................8 Ordering information ......................... 8 Technical data ...........................
  • Page 3 Communication via Ethernet web interface ................48 8.7.1 Device overview and access rights (Device tab) ..............48 8.7.2 Access to measurement data (NetCDF files, viewer) .............49 8.7.3 Configuring the CHM 15k (Config tab) ..................50 8.7.4 Status and error messages (process warnings) ..............52 8.7.5 Time server ..........................53 AFD mode ..........................53...

  • Page 4: General Information

    G. Lufft GmbH. Violations will be prosecuted. The manual was prepared with due care. No liability is assumed for damages resulting from failure to observe the information contained in the manual.

  • Page 5: Symbols Used

    • Maintenance and adjustment work on the CHM 15k may only be carried out by the service staff of G. Lufft GmbH or by the customer’s authorized and trained personnel. All maintenance work requires a technical qualification in electrical safety.

  • Page 6: Description Of The Warnings

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 • If the CHM 15k is not installed immediately, it must be stored so as to be protected from external influences and adequately secured. • At least two people are required to install the CHM 15k.

  • Page 7: Product Labeling Chm 15K

    Labeling, the type plate is fixed on the back side of the pedestal. 2.7 Designated use The operational safety of the CHM 15k is only guaranteed if used as designated in accordance with the instructions in this operating manual. The device is designed for single phase operation on a public low-voltage network in accordance with IEC38, 6 edition, 1983.

  • Page 8: Technical Data

    8350.00 CHM 15k Basic 230 VAC ±10% 10 m 8350.01 CHM 15k + DSL Modem 230 VAC ±10% CHM 15k + DSL Modem with AIT 8350.01-BW 230 VAC ±10% identification code 8350.03 CHM 15k + DSL prepared 230 VAC ±10% 10 m 8350.10...
  • Page 9 TN-C-S system: grounded enclosure CHM 15k, neutral and protective conductor in one conductor led outside the CHM 15k, but inserted and connected separately into the enclosure Connection type Fixed connection, grounding by means of ground connection clamp...
  • Page 10 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Table 2 Technical data. (*) the combination of high temporal and range resolution over the full range is limited due to file size and processing time. Example: 15 m resolution over 15 km range with 15 s resolution ➔ 24 MB daily file size (is our standard operating mode);...

  • Page 11: Technical Description

    The CHM 15k Nimbus detection system is based on a photon counting method. It can only be used in combination with a laser like it is integrated in the CHM 15k. The narrow laser bandwidth enables the usage of a 1 nm (or less) bandwidth filter in front of the detector that is required to suppress the background light efficiently and be able to average data over several minutes.

  • Page 12: Functional Units Of The Inner Housing

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 4.2 Functional units of the inner housing The functional units of the device are: • Transmitting and receiving unit (measuring unit - LOM) • Control board and related components • Power supply 12 - 15 VDC for the electronics •...

  • Page 13: Function Control And Device Status

    Figure 3 Flow Chart - standard measuring cycle. The functional control of the CHM 15k (measurement and evaluation) is performed by an FPGA and an OMAP processor. The logging interval (not shown here) consist of multiple measuring cycles calculated in the OMAP processor, while processes with higher time resolution of up to 1s time intervals are processed in the FPGA.

  • Page 14: Transport / Scope Of Delivery

    The CHM 15k may only be transported and moved using suitable transport equipment and lifting gear.  The CHM 15k may only be loaded and transported in the packed condition and in the transport position (see Figure 5).  Inside the shipping container / truck, the CHM 15k must be adequately protected against slipping, shock, or other mechanical impacts.

  • Page 15: Installation

    Install the CHM 15k in a protected outside area. Avoid radiation from strong light sources. The sun radiation angle must be ≥ 15° to the vertical. Please request a suitable angle adapter. The distance to trees and shrubs must be selected such that leaves, and needles do not reach the light emission apertures of the device.

  • Page 16: Installing On The Foundation

    At least two people are required to install the ceilometer Install the CHM 15k ceilometer as follows: Unload the CHM 15k from the transport equipment and set it down as close as possible to the place of installation Figure 5...
  • Page 17 Hand truck: For greater distances to the concrete foundation (Figure 8) NOTICE  When transporting with a hand truck, make sure that the CHM 15k is placed on the hand truck with the exterior door facing downwards (see Figure 8) ...
  • Page 18 5 Washer ISO 7093-10.5-KST/PA 6 Concrete foundation Vertically align the CHM 15k using the levelling screws integrated into the base of the device (with a spirit level: place on one side wall and on the front) Tighten the fixing screws (nuts)

  • Page 19: Electrical Installation

    EN 61010-1, e. g. installation of a connection box Figure 10 shows a schematic sketch of the electrical installation of the CHM 15k. The power supply (1) to the device must be connected via an external mains switch (2) which needs to be easily accessible to cut the power to the device when required.
  • Page 20 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 1. 230 VAC supply cable (mains cable); color code: neutral conductor: blue, conductor: brown, protective conductor: green-yellow; standard length 10 m. 115 VAC supply cable (mains cable); color code: conductor: black, neutral conductor: white,...
  • Page 21 5. Optional instead of item 4: Data line (DSL): equipped with a 2-pin cable for the connection of a DSL modem (see Figure 14) The designation RDA (-), RDB (+) is defined differently by manufacturers. Here: Lufft uses the notation of B&B electronics.

  • Page 22: Commissioning And Decommissioning

    Avoid looking directly into the laser beam After connecting the supply voltage, the CHM 15k will start up by itself. During the start-up process an internal self-check is done, e. g. the fans start for a few seconds. Communication with the device is possible within 1 minute.

  • Page 23: Starting Up With The Lan Connection

    Readout of the laser operating get 16:Lifetime(h) hour counter Table 3 Commands for functional testing (examples). After completing the simple functional test on the CHM 15k: • Continue to operate in polling mode, • Reset to automatic transmission mode set<SPACE><RS485Number>:Transfermode=1<CR><LF>...

  • Page 24: Shutdown

    In the DHCP (2) network environment, the CHM 15k is configured automatically. The DHCP mode can be switched off. Figure 15 Firefox browser for a connection with the CHM 15k (shown here with fixed IP address). It is possible to use the RS485 connection and query the DHCP IP address by entering: get<SPACE><RS485Number>:IPD<CR><LF>.

  • Page 25: Disposal

    7.4 Disposal Disposal Notice Disposal of the CHM 15k ceilometer must be in accordance with national regulations. Electrical equipment marked with this symbol may not be disposed of in European domestic or public disposal systems. Return old or end-of-life equipment to the manufacturer for disposal at no charge to the user.

  • Page 26: Communication Via Rs485 & Ethernet

    R13 / 07-2019 8 Communication via RS485 & Ethernet The CHM 15k supports the interfaces RS485 (section 8.2) and Ethernet (section 8.7) for communication with the device. Both offer the possibility of data transfer of the measured values and the configuration of the device and can be used at the same time.
  • Page 27 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Parameter Short Default Range / short description value RS485 Comment 4 RS485 Additional comment field (31 characters) Comment 5 RS485 Additional comment field (31 characters) Comment 6 Additional comment field (31 characters) RS485...
  • Page 28 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Parameter Short Default Range / short description value RS485 NetMask 0.0.0.0 Set / request the static Netmask address NtpMode 0; 1 switch ntpd on / off NtpServer 0.0.0.0 Set / request the NTP time server address PeltierMode* 0;...
  • Page 29 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Table 4 List of configurable parameters, can be set in service mode, format for web interface, or only in web interface available RS485 format for RS458, or only for RS485 available Parameter Short...
  • Page 30 SystemStatusMode: Defines the status code variant to be used in the data telegrams. 0 = previous status codes used by CHM 15k before firmware 1.x, 1 = escalating status codes, see 8.5 Status code. TimeOutRS485(s): Sets a time interval for MaxCrossTalkChars and BaudAfterError (default 30 s).

  • Page 31: Device Configuration With Rs485

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 8.2 Device configuration with RS485 The user can change settings via the RS485 interface: • for controlling the measuring processes • for configuring the communication interfaces 8.2.1 Reading out a parameter Querying a parameter takes place via the command: get<SPACE><RS485Number>:<ParameterName><CR><LF>...

  • Page 32: Restarting The Embedded System / Resetting To Factory Settings

    The command set<SPACE><RS485Number>:Reset=1<CR><LF> instructs the internal processor to perform an immediate restart. This restart takes less than one minute. Communication with the CHM 15k is not possible during this time; any current automatic telegram output is also interrupted. The command set<SPACE><RS485Number>:ResetSettings=1<CR><LF>...

  • Page 33: Data Query Rs485

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 8.3 Data query RS485 When running, the CHM 15k operates in one of the transfer modes shown in Table 7. Transfer mode Meaning Data telegrams are only output on a specific request (polling mode)

  • Page 34: Standard Data Telegram

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 The raw data telegram is output via the following command: set<SPACE><RS485Number>:TransferMode=3<CR><LF> Table 12 contains the format of the raw data telegram. Transfer modes 4 … 9 The transfer modes 4 ... 9 are additional predefined data telegrams.

  • Page 35: Extended Data Telegram

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Byte Value Description 83-90 ******** System status: 32 Bit status code; see section 8.5 <SPACE> 20 HEX Checksum (two's complement of the sum of bytes 0 to 96 92, 93 expressed in hex code, excluding bytes 92 and 93) <CR>...
  • Page 36 3B HEX 91-98 ******** System status: 32 Bit status code; see 8.5 Status code 3B HEX RS485 identification number CHM 15k in the RS485 bus system, error is 100-101 3B HEX 103-111 CHMYYnnnn Device name (yy for year, nnnn for serial number)
  • Page 37 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Byte Value Description 152-155 **** Software version FPGA 3B HEX 157-160 **** Software version for signal processing OMAP 3B HEX System status: “OK” or “ER” 162-163 3B HEX 165-168 **** Outside temperature (Kelvin x 10)

  • Page 38: Raw Data Telegram

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 For the stated standard deviations of the individual quantities, the same exception values "NODET / NODT / ---" apply as for the corresponding basic quantities (see 0 Standard data telegram). Further system parameters The system parameters for data evaluation, including penetration depth, are explained in section 9 Data Evaluation / Sky Condition Algorithm (SCA).
  • Page 39 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 ≥ 5 s 38,400 No further restrictions 57,600 No further restrictions 115,200 Baud rate – logging time restrictions. Table 11 Table 12 describes the structure of the additional data of the raw data telegram.

  • Page 40: Additional Data Telegrams

    The ceilometer stores all the data for one day in a file and in case the ftp mode is switched on in 5 min files. The time used is UTC. In the standard mode (RS485), the CHM 15k transmits a raw data telegram with a single backscatter profile and all descriptive variables and attributes in the NetCDF format.

  • Page 41: Format Structure

    NetCDF files Table 13 Dimensions in NetCDF. Global attributes Attribute Description Type Heading for graphical representation, here “Lufft Berlin, CHM 15” title Text source see device_name (left for compatibility reasons) Text device_name Serial number, device name of the instrument, e. g. CHM090104...
  • Page 42 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Variable Type Dim. Attribute Unit Long description Scaling time double time seconds since Time UTC 1904-01-01 00:00:00.000 00:00 range float range distance from lidar range_hr float range_hr high resolution distance from lidar layer...
  • Page 43 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Variable Type Dim. Attribute Unit Long description Scaling beta_att_hr float time normalized range corrected range_hr signal (high resolution) ((P_raw_hr / lp) - b) / (cs * o(r) * p_calc) * r * r...

  • Page 44: Status Code

    There are two different status code variants, each of which reflects the device status as a 32-bit number. Table 16 lists the meanings of the individual bits of the status codes, which are known from the CHM 15k. The output of these status code variants occurs in the web interface and in the NetCDF data. For the output of these data telegrams, for example in the standard telegram, characters 83 …...

  • Page 45: Escalated Status Codes

    In each group, only the highest priority error, the highest error code in the status code, is displayed. With the setting SystemStatusMode (SSM) the user can define, which status code variants for the telegram output should be used. The CHM 15k is using the standard status codes by default. Group...
  • Page 46 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Group Hex code Error description Duration [s] ∞ xxxx xxxC Mainboard identifier cannot be read ∞ xxxx xxxD Firmware does not match the CPU version Data transmission and storage xxxx xx0x Data transmission and storage working properly...

  • Page 47: Firmware Update

    Error 8.6 Firmware update The system software of the CHM 15k can be updated via an Ethernet interface (WAN / LAN connection). Please refer to the following section 8.7 Communication via Ethernet web interface for details. A software update requires a superuser password.

  • Page 48: Communication Via Ethernet Web Interface

    7.2). This shows information about the current status of the device. Logging in as a superuser or service user is possible. Communication with the CHM 15k via an Ethernet connection is fast, secure and system-independent. An Apache web server runs inside the device. This enables a communication and configuration platform via the web interface for processing firmware updates, quick previews of measurement results or downloading full-day NetCDF raw data.

  • Page 49: Access To Measurement Data (Netcdf Files, Viewer)

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 8.7.2 Access to measurement data (NetCDF files, viewer) Figure 17 shows the directory of NetCDF files that are visible to all users. In superuser or service mode, these NetCDF files can be downloaded by means of a double-click.

  • Page 50: Configuring The Chm 15K (Config Tab)

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 8.7.3 Configuring the CHM 15k (Config tab) The contents of the configuration pages ("Config System", "Config Network" and "Config RS485") are only accessible to superusers and service users. The parameters can also be set via RS485 communication and are described in 8.1.
  • Page 51 (Figure 22). New firmware files are packed as backup zip files and must be uploaded in this form. New firmware versions are published on the Lufft website. A list of previously released versions is attached to this manual in section 11.2.

  • Page 52: Status And Error Messages (Process Warnings)

    Figure 23 Web interface: RS485 configuration (service mode). 8.7.4 Status and error messages (process warnings) The upper part of the Process Warnings tab of Figure 24 is mainly used by the Lufft service in a second or third level support to identify problems and specific errors.

  • Page 53: Time Server

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Figure 24 Web interface: Process warnings and error log. AFD status is only visible if AFD mode is set to 1. 8.7.5 Time server Automatic time synchronization with a time server (NTP server) is only performed if the NtpMode parameter is set to 1 and a valid time server (Ntp server) is set.
  • Page 54 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Configuration file “afdsettings.txt” [directory] /tmp/afd/netcdf/afd-src [dir options] delete unknown files 0 delete queued files 6 [files] [destination] [recipient] ftp://user:password@host_ip/path/%h/%tY/%tm [options] priority 9 create target dir time */15 * * * * lock DOT...

  • Page 55: Telegram Via Ethernet

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 8.9 Telegram via Ethernet In addition to the RS485 interface, it is also possible to receive data telegrams via the Ethernet interface. There are two different transmission modes. The telegrams can be interrogated individually (polling mode) or sent automatically by the Ceilometer.

  • Page 56: Data Evaluation / Sky Condition Algorithm (Sca)

    Data pre-processing is an important task before the different steps in the SCA algorithm begin. The main reason for this is to harmonize / normalize the data sets between different CHM 15k systems to get similar results, e. g. for cloud bases, even if the sensitivity between instruments varies.

  • Page 57: Cloud Ceilings / Cloud Base Heights

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Figure 26 Example of time averaging for determining cloud heights. 9.3 Cloud ceilings / cloud base heights After successful preprocessing, the averaged backscatter profile is used to identify cloud echoes, rain, fog and aerosol layers and to distinguish between these events.

  • Page 58: Parameters For Data Evaluation

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Figure 28 Evaluation process for different cloud parameters. 9.5 Parameters for data evaluation A set of parameters control the data evaluation routine. System dependent data are stored on the laser optical module (LOM). Data accessible to users are listed in Table 4 and Table 5.

  • Page 59: Precipitation And Fog

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 9.8 Precipitation and fog Fog and various types of precipitation are detected by multiple scattering. Typically, only single scattering processes are considered as the signal source. Fog and high particle density correspondingly generate a stronger signal than usual close to the device.
  • Page 60 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Eighth Description - (telegram) System hardware error or system not yet ready for operation -2 (NetCDF) / (telegram) Cloud bases could not be determined due to fog or other non-meteorological -1 (NetCDF) reasons, or no observation was made...
  • Page 61 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Figure 29 Degree of coverage algorithm. Note: The selected time interval for calculating the cloud cover depends on the area in which a truncated cone function is used for the calculation. Data Evaluation / Sky Condition Algorithm (SCA)

  • Page 62: Sky Condition Index (Sci)

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 9.11 Sky Condition Index (SCI) To better understand certain events, the Sky Condition Index is written to the extended data telegram and NetCDF files. In older CHM systems, the variable was treated as a precipitation index.

  • Page 63: Cleaning, Maintenance And Service Instructions

    LED must be lit. If this is not the case, this indicates an unconnected cable, a switched-off circuit breaker or defective fuses. 10.1 Cleaning The cover windows of the CHM 15k internal housing are tested for an impact energy of 1 Joule (IEC/EN 61010-1: IK06). WARNING Operating the sensor with a broken cover window may result in electric shock, which can cause serious or fatal injury.
  • Page 64 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Interval Cleaning Comment / remedy Quarterly Clean the windows first of all with plenty of water. Dishwashing liquid, water, Carefully spread some soap on the windows with your hands hands and rinse with water. Finally, rinse with distilled Do not use microfiber water.

  • Page 65: Maintenance Intervals And Measures

    Further detailed information beyond the scope of this manual (maintenance, replacement, details of units) can be found in the service manual. This is only available to employees of G. Lufft GmbH or specially trained personnel who possess a written certificate of competence (valid certificate) for the corresponding maintenance and service work.
  • Page 66 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Interval Preventive maintenance measures Comment Regular checks Check the dehumidifier bag By service staff only CONTAINER DRI II for integrity and replace if necessary At least once a year Change the dehumidifier bag CONTAINER...

  • Page 67: Appendix

    1.6.2019 improvements Table 23 Hardware revisions (HardwareVersion 0 means value not set) 11.2 CHM 15k software version This manual corresponds to firmware version 1.020 of September 2019 for the CHM 15k ceilometer. OS / FPGA Description Released release OS 12.12.1...
  • Page 68 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Firmware version Description Released 0.723 1. NetCDF bugfix to avoid problems in ctrl process Mar 2014 2. support for new processor board (2015) 3. last Jenoptik release 0.730 1. updated cloud algorithm during precipitation events Dec 2014 2.
  • Page 69 Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 Firmware version Description Released 0.743 1. Aerosol Layer Height (ALH) algorithm was further improved (for Jul 2016 ALH values at low SNR) 2. A table with current measurements (cbh, cpd, alh, tcc) are displayed in the viewer tab of the web interface (display is limited to.
  • Page 70 3) Introduction of the SystemStatusMode (SSM) switch (0 = normal, 1 = escalating status codes in telegrams) (default values are: 0 for CHM 15k, 1 for CHM8k) 4) Write additional information (MAC address, CPU serial number, overlap info, motherboard and CPU version) in chmsettings.txt...

  • Page 71: Index Of Figures

    Figure 13 RS485 connection to transducer..................21 Figure 14 DSL connection........................21 Figure 15 Firefox browser for a connection with the CHM 15k (shown here with fixed IP address).........................24 Figure 16 Web interface........................48 Figure 17 Web interface: NetCDF Files (superuser)..............49 Figure 18 Web interface: Viewer.

  • Page 72: Index Of Tables

    Operating Manual CHM 15k R13 / 07-2019 13 Index of Tables Table 1 Equipment versions......................8 Table 2 Technical data........................10 Table 3 Commands for functional testing (examples)...............23 Table 4 List of configurable parameters, ..................29 Table 5 List of read-only parameters, accessible via the RS485 interface......29 Table 6 Correlation between baud rate # and baud rate.
  • Page 73 Index of Tables...

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