Agilent Technologies 71501D User Manual
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Agilent Technologies 71501D User Manual

Agilent Technologies 71501D User Manual

Eye-diagram analysis
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Agilent 71501D
Eye-Diagram Analysis
User's Guide

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  • Page 1 Agilent 71501D Eye-Diagram Analysis User’s Guide...
  • Page 2 © Copyright Exclusive Remedies. The ON symbols are The remedies provided herein Agilent Technologies 2002 used to mark the posi- are buyer's sole and exclusive All Rights Reserved. Repro- tions of the instrument remedies. Agilent Technolo- duction, adaptation, or trans- power line switch.
  • Page 3 General Safety Considerations General Safety Considerations This product has been designed and tested in accordance with the standards listed on the Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformity, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The documentation contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.
  • Page 4 C A U T I O N Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. The Agilent 71501D’s front-panel input connector is no exception. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Contents 1 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis 1-4 2 Application Tutorials Tutorial 1: Measure Eye-Parameters 2-4 Tutorial 2: Measure in Optical Power Units 2-8 Tutorial 3: Measure Extinction Ratios on Low-Level Signals 2-10 Tutorial 4: Measure Laser Turn-on Delay 2-13 Tutorial 5: Use Software Filters 2-15 Tutorial 6: Test to Industry Standards 2-19 Tutorial 7: Default and Custom Mask or...
  • Page 6 Contents 5 Specifications and Characteristics Vertical Specifications 5-3 Input Channel Specifications 5-4 Trigger Specifications 5-5 Trigger Specifications 5-6 Horizontal Specifications 5-7 Declaration of Conformity 5-8 Contents-2...

  • Page 7: Getting Started

    Getting Started...
  • Page 8 Optional Step. Save Instrument State as Preset State 1-26 The Agilent 71501D Eye-Diagram Analysis You can configure the 71501D system as a high-speed eye-diagram analyzer using Option 005 eye-diagram analysis software. This software allows the sys- tem to operate similar to a high-speed sampling oscilloscope such as the Agi- lent 86100A Infiniium DCA.
  • Page 9 Getting Started Getting Started with the Eye-Diagram Analyzer The custom keypad The eye-diagram analyzer comes with a custom keypad that snaps into the front panel of 70004A displays. The keypad gives you quick access to common instrument functions. (Each of these functions can also be accessed using the normal softkey menus.) If you have the custom keypad, practice using it.

  • Page 10: Steps For Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis

    • With an 70841 pattern generator module with a non- 70311 clock source module. • With non- MMS70841 pattern generator and clock source modules. Load the Eye- Each time the 71501D is turned on, the 70874A eye-diagram analyzer person- Diagram ality (part number 70874-10001) must be loaded into memory. This occurs Personality automatically if the 70874A memory card is inserted in the front-panel card slot before the instrument is turned on.
  • Page 11 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis N o t e When used with an 71612A/70843, the system requires a manual configuration. Set Up the Select from eye, eyeline, and pattern modes Use the Setup menu’s diagram softkey to select from one of three measure- Measurement Conditions ment modes: eye, eyeline, and pattern.
  • Page 12 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis Eye Mode The eye mode displays traces using individual dots in a manner that is similar to conventional sampling oscilloscopes. Use this mode for the following: • Typical eye-diagram measurements • Extinction ratio measurements...
  • Page 13 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis : Eyeline mode displays continuous traces. Use this mode for the following: Eyeline Mode • Measure extinction ratio • Measure laser turn-on transition delay • Examine laser overshoot • Observe laser ringing •...
  • Page 14 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis Pattern Mode Pattern mode displays the actual PRBS data stream bits. This mode uses the pattern trigger which allows the display to show the same portion of the data stream from sweep to sweep. Mask/limit lines provide pass/fail testing Mask/limit lines are displayed geometric shapes that define the acceptable limits and shape of an eye-diagram.
  • Page 15 In eyeline mode, user frequency corrections can be applied to the data to sim- ulate a hardware transmission filter. The eye-diagram analyzer comes with several Bessel-Thomson filters. These files are on the 71501D memory card. Refer toChapter 9, “Agilent 70820A: User Corrections”...
  • Page 16 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis Three sweep selections are available • single • continuous • stopped With the continuous selection, sweeps occur as soon as the selected triggering conditions are met and repeat continuously as long as the trigger conditions are met.
  • Page 17 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis These softkeys can also be used to specify an optical-to-electrical responsivity conversion between the source and input channels. As a result, the display shows optical units referenced to the input of the optical-to-electrical con- verter.

  • Page 18: Step 1. Connect The Equipment

    Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis Step 1. Connect the Equipment 70841A/B Pattern Generator and 70311A Signal Generator Modules 1 If you are using 70841A/B pattern generator and 70311A signal generator modules with your eye-diagram analyzer, install them into an MMS mainframe as shown in the following figure.
  • Page 19 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis 2 If you are using 70841A/B pattern generator and 70311A signal generator modules with your eye-diagram analyzer, connect cables to the instruments as shown in the following graphic. • If you are using a clock source other than an 70311A, make sure that the signal generator and 70820A microwave transition analyzer module share the same frequency reference.
  • Page 20 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis Front-Panel Cable Connections Cables: SMA to SMA (Channel 1) p/n 8120-4948 SMA to SMA (Channel 2) p/n 8120-4948 SMB to SMB (10 MHz Reference) p/n 8120-5025 Miscellaneous: 3.5 mm (f) to 2.4 mm (f) (two) p/n 1250-2277 6 dB attenuator 8493C...
  • Page 21 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis If you have access to a laser and an optical-to-electrical converter, use the Laser and Optical- to-Electrical connections shown in the following figure. To protect the input connectors, use adapters between the cables and the connectors. The laser is the device Converter being tested.

  • Page 22: Step 2. Load The Personality

    Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis Connections If a laser source and optical-to-electrical converter are not available, use the without a Laser alternate connection shown in the following figure. In this case, the pattern Source and generator’s data output is displayed. An electrical device could be inserted Converter between the pattern generator and the eye-diagram analyzer.
  • Page 23 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis If the Program Failed to Load The program has failed to load if one of the following occurs: • The message Please wait... Loading 70874 never shows. • The left-side softkeys match those shown in the following figure. “Manually Load the Personality”...
  • Page 24 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis 3 If the screen does not resemble the above figure, press: msi:, HP-MSIB CARD, prev menu DISPLAY, Mass Storage, msi, MEMORY CARD MENU The list of files should now be displayed. 4 Turn the front-panel knob to highlight the file "AUTOST" and then press: LOAD FILE If you load the "70874"...

  • Page 25: Step 3. Complete The Installation Using The Screen Instructions

    Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis Step 3. Complete the Installation Using the Screen Instructions • If the displayed screen looks like the figure on the left side of this page, your system has been previously configured. Press CONT and then continue with "Step 4.
  • Page 26 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis First Self-Guided Screen 3 Use the following self-guided screen to indicate the 10 MHz frequency reference used. Press INTERNL if the 70820A module is used as the reference. Press EXTERNL if the clock source is used as the reference.
  • Page 27 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis 4 The following screen should be displayed. Notice that the eye-diagram analyzer’s left-side Setup menu is selected. 5 If you have not already connect the cables to the instruments’ front panels, follow the instructions shown. Otherwise, proceed with “If you have not already connect the cables to the instruments’...

  • Page 28: Step 4. Set Up The Measurement Conditions

    Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis the instruments’ front panels, follow the instructions shown. Otherwise, proceed with “If you have not already connect the cables to the instruments’ front panels, follow the instructions shown. Otherwise, proceed with “If you have not already connect the cables to the instruments’...
  • Page 29 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis N o t e Using the CLOCK OUT trigger signal provides faster data acquisition for eye- diagrams. If the amplitude of the trigger signal is too large, an over-range message is displayed. If a message is displayed, reduce the amplitude of the signal;...
  • Page 30 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis Controlling an When using the 70311A clock source (below 3 Gb/s): 70841A/B Pattern This section explains how to display the menus for the 70841A/B pattern gen- Generator erator. The display can be assigned to control either the eye-diagram analyzer or the 70841A/B pattern generator.
  • Page 31 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis 70841A/B appears. c Press ADJUST ROW, and rotate the knob to move the box to the row where the 70841A/B appears. d Press ASSIGN BOTH. 4 Use the displayed softkey menus to set the pattern generator to the desired settings.

  • Page 32: Optional Step. Save Instrument State As Preset State

    Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis 3 Turn the display off and select trace one by pressing: Traces, display ON|OFF OFF, select:, TR1 Move the To move the measurement plane, press: Measurement Trg,Cal, CH1 EXT ATTEN and enter the attenuation on channel 1 input. Plane Optional Step.
  • Page 33 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis 3 The eye-diagram is now ready for use. Restore the factory instrument preset by pressing: To restore the factory MENU, page 1 of 2, States, more 1 of 2, preset: FAC|USR FAC instrument preset 1-27...
  • Page 34 Getting Started Steps for Setting Up Eye-Diagram Analysis...

  • Page 35: Application Tutorials

    Application Tutorials...
  • Page 36 Application Tutorials Application Tutorials Application Tutorials This chapter contains nine tutorials that introduce important eye-diagram analyzer features. The tutorials should be performed in the order listed. To create the data signal, you will need a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) pattern generator. Refer to “Configure the Data Signal”...
  • Page 37 Application Tutorials Application Tutorials Clock Freq: 2.48832 GHz Clock Ampl: 500 mV Clock Hi-Lvl: 0 V If you’re performing these tutorials without the laser source and optical-to- electrical converter, reduce the level of the data signal as shown in the follow- ing settings: •...

  • Page 38: Tutorial 1: Measure Eye-Parameters

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 1: Measure Eye-Parameters Tutorial 1: Measure Eye-Parameters The eye-diagram analyzer performs automatic eye measurements in eye mode. This mode is similar to that of conventional sampling oscilloscopes; the display shows individual dots. View the Signal 1 To view the signal, press: INSTR PRESET, Traces, persist, VARIABL This turns the persistence mode on.
  • Page 39 Application Tutorials Tutorial 1: Measure Eye-Parameters Example of a Large Overshoot Resulting from Laser Bias Perform an Offset Calibration This calibration procedure removes any offset that may be present in the opti- cal-to-electrical converter. This is sometimes referred to as the "dark" level. The offset calibration ensures accurate measurements of the laser’s one and zero levels.
  • Page 40 Application Tutorials Tutorial 1: Measure Eye-Parameters Enabling this function approximately doubles the measurement time. 8 Perform the eye measurement by pressing: MEASURE EYE After a brief period of time, the display should look like the following figure. Refer to Chapter 3, “Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference” for definitions of each measurement listed on the screen.
  • Page 41 Application Tutorials Tutorial 1: Measure Eye-Parameters Example Extinction Ratio Measurement 10 Change the amount of data used for the histograms by pressing: NUMBER SAMPLES and enter the # of samples A larger value gives more accuracy, but increases the data acquisition time. When making extinction ratio measurements in eyeline mode, the number of samples should be increased from the default of 1000 to something on the order of 20000 to insure a number of traces are evaluated to compute the...

  • Page 42: Tutorial 2: Measure In Optical Power Units

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 2: Measure in Optical Power Units Tutorial 2: Measure in Optical Power Units The analyzer display has the ability to show optical units referenced to the input of the optical-to-electrical converter. This changes the channel and marker readouts to watts/div. 1 Set the analyzer to a known state by pressing: INSTR PRESET, Trg,Cal, CH1 EXT ATTEN responsivity value, V/Watt...
  • Page 43 Application Tutorials Tutorial 2: Measure in Optical Power Units...

  • Page 44: Tutorial 3: Measure Extinction Ratios On Low-Level Signals

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 3: Measure Extinction Ratios on Low-Level Signals Tutorial 3: Measure Extinction Ratios on Low- Level Signals Repeatable extinction ratio measurements can be made on low-level signals. This is accomplished by applying a filter to the signal. This filter improves measurement sensitivity and is useful for analyzing: •...
  • Page 45 Application Tutorials Tutorial 3: Measure Extinction Ratios on Low-Level Signals Autoscaled Display of Low-Level Signal 4 Turn filtering on by pressing: Setup, eyefltr ON OFF ON Perform an Offset Calibration This calibration procedure removes any offset that may be present in the opti- cal-to-electrical converter.
  • Page 46 Application Tutorials Tutorial 3: Measure Extinction Ratios on Low-Level Signals Measure the Extinction Ratio 8 To measure the extinction ratio, press: Measure, NUMBER SAMPLES and enter 20000, EXTINCT RATIO Refer to the following figure. Extinction Ratio Measurement on a Low-Level Signal with Eye Filtering On Display the Signal in Optical Units 9 To display the signal in optical units, press: Trg,Cal, CH1 EXT ATTEN and enter 30 V/Watt...

  • Page 47: Tutorial 4: Measure Laser Turn-On Delay

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 4: Measure Laser Turn-on Delay Tutorial 4: Measure Laser Turn-on Delay On-screen markers can be used to measure both amplitude and time separa- tion in eye-diagrams. The compatible modes for markers are eye, eyeline, and pattern. Change to Eyeline Mode 1 Change to eyeline mode, then turn filtering on by pressing: INSTR PRESET, Setup, diagram, EYELINE, eyefltr ON OFF ON, BIT INTVL and enter 1...
  • Page 48 Application Tutorials Tutorial 4: Measure Laser Turn-on Delay Laser Overshoot and Turn-On Delay...

  • Page 49: Tutorial 5: Use Software Filters

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 5: Use Software Filters Tutorial 5: Use Software Filters This tutorial enables a software filter. The filter is designed with user fre- quency corrections. User frequency corrections can be used for: • Removing the effects of frequency response roll-off due to the optical-to- electrical converter and cables.
  • Page 50 Application Tutorials Tutorial 5: Use Software Filters User-Corrections Applied to the Data Change to Eyeline Mode 1 Set the analyzer to a known state by pressing: INSTR PRESET, Traces, persist, VARIABL and enter 5, diagram, EYELINE Notice the level of the laser overshoot, and the turn-on delay, varies from sweep to sweep, dependent on the previous pattern of ones and zeros.
  • Page 51 Application Tutorials Tutorial 5: Use Software Filters Eyeline Display Showing Laser Overshoot Load the Software Filter 2 Place the 70874A memory card in the front-panel card slot. 3 Display the catalog of files on the memory card by pressing: Mass Storage 4 Turn the front-panel knob to highlight the file "a_bt248832".
  • Page 52 Application Tutorials Tutorial 5: Use Software Filters 7 Turn the autoscale function on by pressing: Traces, AUTO-SCALE The display should look like the following figure. Notice that the laser overshoot is no longer visible, due to the filtering effect of the user-corrections in the 71501A.

  • Page 53: Tutorial 6: Test To Industry Standards

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 6: Test to Industry Standards Tutorial 6: Test to Industry Standards Masks allow you to test eye-diagrams against industry standards. The eye-dia- gram analyzer provides built-in masks for testing the major SONET/SDH transmission rates. Compatible modes are eye and eyeline. Shown in this tuto- rial is the ability to: •...
  • Page 54 Application Tutorials Tutorial 6: Test to Industry Standards Turn Mask Testing On 6 Turn mask testing on by pressing: Masks, test ON OFF ON This resets the error counters. Errors for the standard specifications show up beside the M1 screen annotation for mask violations, and beside L2 and L3 for upper and lower limit violations, respectively.
  • Page 55 Application Tutorials Tutorial 6: Test to Industry Standards Stop on and Display Trace Errors The eye-diagram analyzer has the ability to stop data acquisition when a mask violation occurs. The number of traces or errors that stop this data acquisition can be specified.
  • Page 56 Application Tutorials Tutorial 6: Test to Industry Standards test ON OFF ON The instrument stops sweeping after two error traces have been accumulated. Refer to the following figure. Note that for this figure, errors occur due to overshoot on a zero-to-one transition. Turn off Mask Testing 13 Turn off error tracing and the display by pressing: err trc ON OFF OFF, mask setup, display ON OFF OFF, Trg,Cal, CONT...

  • Page 57: Tutorial 7: Default And Custom Mask Or Limit Line Testing

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 7: Default and Custom Mask or Limit Line Testing Tutorial 7: Default and Custom Mask or Limit Line Testing The 70820A menus allow you to create and display up to eight limit lines and masks at one time. Five default mask/limit-line shapes are provided for your use: •...
  • Page 58 Application Tutorials Tutorial 7: Default and Custom Mask or Limit Line Testing Create a Mask or Limit Line 1 Set the analyzer to a known state by pressing: INSTR PRESET, Setup, BIT INTVL and enter 1.5, Traces, persist, VARIABL, PERSIST SWEEPS and enter 8 MENU, page 1 of 2, Analyze, masks, limits, define shapes, type: •...
  • Page 59 Application Tutorials Tutorial 7: Default and Custom Mask or Limit Line Testing Stretch, Reduce, or Move the Mask 11 To stretch, reduce or move the mask by press: prev menu, scale X|Y or offset X|Y Add a Mask Margin 12 Press the left-side Masks softkey. 13 To automatically align the mask to a displayed signal, press: MASK ALIGN 14 To add mask margins, press:...
  • Page 60 Application Tutorials Tutorial 7: Default and Custom Mask or Limit Line Testing Display the Error Trace 23 Display a mask and begin testing as described in this section, and then press: err trc ON|OFF ON Erase a Mask or Limit Line 24 Select the mask or limit line you wish to erase by pressing: MENU, page 1 of 2, Analyze, masks, limits, define shapes, edit SELECT the number of the mask or limit line to be erased...

  • Page 61: Tutorial 8: Display The Data Pattern

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 8: Display the Data Pattern Tutorial 8: Display the Data Pattern The eye-diagram analyzer can display the data pattern. This is done by select- ing the pattern mode and triggering the display trace update on the pattern trigger.
  • Page 62 Application Tutorials Tutorial 8: Display the Data Pattern Example Pattern Mode Display Add Time Delay 6 Add time delay by pressing: Setup, DELAY Each push of the step keys (⇓ and⇑) gives a change in delay equal to exactly one bit. This technique can also be used to step the X offset of the mask one bit at a time, to check for mask violations at each bit position.
  • Page 63 Application Tutorials Tutorial 8: Display the Data Pattern 8 Set channel 2 by pressing: CH2 is:, CLK OUT Notice that the diagram softkey annotation no longer indicates pattern mode, and a note is displayed on the screen as shown in the following figure. Example Display of User-Error in Pattern Mode 2-29...

  • Page 64: Tutorial 9: Constructing A Low-Pass Filter From A Transfer Function

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 9: Constructing a Low-Pass Filter from a Transfer Function Tutorial 9: Constructing a Low-Pass Filter from a Transfer Function This procedure builds a fourth order Bessel-Thomson filter characterizing SONET/SDH transmitters operating at 2.48832 Gbit/sec. The filter is loaded into channel 1 user-correction data.
  • Page 65 Application Tutorials Tutorial 9: Constructing a Low-Pass Filter from a Transfer Function 3 Turn the display off by pressing: Traces, select:, TR1, display ON OFF OFF 4 Build the equation by pressing: select:, TR2, input:, build eqn, CLR - END, SEL|EDT SEL 5 Turn the front-panel to highlight the j operand, and then press: INSERT Continue using this technique to construct the trace equation shown in the...
  • Page 66 Application Tutorials Tutorial 9: Constructing a Low-Pass Filter from a Transfer Function 6 Build the trace equation shown in the following figure by pressing: RETURN, select:, TR3, input:, build eqn, CLR - END, SEL|EDT SEL Build the trace equation. Notice the cursor has wrapped to the following line. Be sure to include the last two right parenthesis characters shown on the last line.
  • Page 67 Application Tutorials Tutorial 9: Constructing a Low-Pass Filter from a Transfer Function 10 Set the marker on 1.86224 GHz using the knob or numeric keypad. 11 Continue by pressing: Scale, more 1 of 2, AUTO DELAY, Traces, store trace, to user correct , adaptiv ON|OFF ON 12 Store the filter response in user-corrections by pressing: CHAN 1 USR COR...
  • Page 68 Application Tutorials Tutorial 9: Constructing a Low-Pass Filter from a Transfer Function 14 Highlight "UCORR1" using the knob. 15 Continue by pressing: RETURN, Scale, AUTO-SCALE, page 1 of 2, Calib, user corr...
  • Page 69 Application Tutorials Tutorial 9: Constructing a Low-Pass Filter from a Transfer Function 16 To store the filter to a memory card, press: States, more 1 of 2, mass storage 17 If the mass-storage device needs to be selected, refer to “Saving to Mass Storage”...

  • Page 70: Tutorial 10: Create A Vertical Histogram

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 10: Create a Vertical Histogram Tutorial 10: Create a Vertical Histogram This tutorial creates a vertical histogram on data taken from a sine wave. The procedure, however, works for any type of waveform. Select the Histogram Type 1 Display a trace to perform statistical analysis on.
  • Page 71 Application Tutorials Tutorial 10: Create a Vertical Histogram 6 Enter the number of samples to be taken for the histogram by pressing: prev menu, NUMBER SAMPLES, # of samples, ENTER The default number of samples taken is 1000. 7 To draw the vertical histogram, press: SINGLE ACQUIRE Data will be acquired once.
  • Page 72 Application Tutorials Tutorial 10: Create a Vertical Histogram Perform Statistical Analysis The range of sample points used to calculate the mean and standard deviation is the full screen. 9 To change the limits, press: other, UPPER LIMIT, LIMIT→ 0%-100%, new upper limit value, ENTER, LOWER LIMIT, LIMIT→...
  • Page 73 Application Tutorials Tutorial 10: Create a Vertical Histogram 10 To display a line indicating the location of the mean, press: results, MEAN, The mean and standard deviation values are also shown. 2-39...
  • Page 74 Application Tutorials Tutorial 10: Create a Vertical Histogram 11 To display a line indicating the location of the standard deviation, press: STD DEV...

  • Page 75: Tutorial 11: Create A Horizontal Histogram

    Application Tutorials Tutorial 11: Create a Horizontal Histogram Tutorial 11: Create a Horizontal Histogram This tutorial creates a horizontal histogram on data taken from a sine wave. The procedure, however, works for any type of waveform. Select the Histogram Type 1 Display a trace to perform statistical analysis on.
  • Page 76 Application Tutorials Tutorial 11: Create a Horizontal Histogram 6 Enter the number of samples to be taken for the histogram by pressing: prev menu, NUMBER SAMPLES, # of samples, ENTER The default number of samples taken is 1000. 7 To draw the horizontal histogram, press: SINGLE ACQUIRE Data will be acquired once.
  • Page 77 Application Tutorials Tutorial 11: Create a Horizontal Histogram Perform Statistical Analysis The range of sample points used to calculate the mean and standard deviation is the full screen. 9 To change the limits, press: other, UPPER LIMIT, LIMIT→ 0%-100%, new upper limit value, ENTER, LOWER LIMIT, LIMIT→0%-100%, new lower limit value, ENTER Notice the values of the limit-line positions are indicated at the top of the dis- play.
  • Page 78 Application Tutorials Tutorial 11: Create a Horizontal Histogram 10 To display a line indicating the location of the mean, press: results, MEAN The mean and standard deviation values are also shown.
  • Page 79 Application Tutorials Tutorial 11: Create a Horizontal Histogram 11 To display a line indicating the location of the standard deviation, press: STD DEV 2-45...
  • Page 80 Application Tutorials Tutorial 11: Create a Horizontal Histogram...

  • Page 81: Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference...
  • Page 82 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference In this chapter, you will find information on the following topics: • Performing Eye-Diagram Measurements 3-3 • Generating Histograms 3-7 • Masks and Limit Lines 3-9 • Eye-Diagram Menu Maps 3-12 •...

  • Page 83: Performing Eye-Diagram Measurements

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Performing Eye-Diagram Measurements Performing Eye-Diagram Measurements To perform the automatic eye-diagram measurements, use the Measure menu. With the exception of extinction ratio, these measurements must be per- formed in eye mode. Automatic Measurements The Measure menu’s top two softkeys automatically start measurements: •...
  • Page 84 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Performing Eye-Diagram Measurements Use the NUMBER SAMPLES softkey for this purpose. • Use the MEASURE EYE to initiate a number of automatic histogram measure- ments on an eye-diagram. • Use the r/f tim ON OFF softkey to enable rise time and fall time measurements during the measure eye routine.
  • Page 85 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Performing Eye-Diagram Measurements This measurement is the amplitude that the one level and zero level cross. It Crossing Level also expresses the level as a percentage of the mean one level and mean zero level difference. This measurement is the eye width determined from the bit period and the Eye Width eye jitter.
  • Page 86 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Performing Eye-Diagram Measurements For Optimum Performance The 70820A module should be configured to: • Control the RF source over the communications bus. • Share the same frequency reference as the RF source. Channels Versus Traces The 70820A module has two input channels, four traces, and four trace mem- ory registers.

  • Page 87: Generating Histograms

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Generating Histograms Generating Histograms The 70820A can perform statistical analysis on any displayed trace. After cre- ating a vertical or horizontal histogram of the trace data, the display can show mean and standard deviation values of the histogram. Histogram analysis is performed using the Histogram menu.
  • Page 88 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Generating Histograms When generating histograms, you must perform the following basic steps: 1 Select a trace. 2 Select histogram type. 3 Enter the number of samples. 4 Set limits for acquired data. 5 Acquire the data. 6 Establish limits for statistical analysis. 7 View the mean and standard deviation.

  • Page 89: Masks And Limit Lines

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Masks and Limit Lines Masks and Limit Lines Masks and limit lines allow you to test the shape (time or frequency versus amplitude) of a displayed response. Masks are closed polygon shapes. Limit lines are lines. Traces or measurement points that penetrate a mask or cross a limit line result in testing errors.
  • Page 90 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Masks and Limit Lines A Limit Line Displayed on Screen Because you can perform repetitive testing of response shapes, masks and limit lines are ideal for pass/fail testing on production lines. You create, save, recall, and edit limit lines using the masks, limits menu. Access this menu using the left-side Analyze softkey.
  • Page 91 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Masks and Limit Lines Testing Responses Once you’ve created a mask or limit line, set the following conditions for test- ing: • Trace to which testing is applied. • Violations defined as traces or measurement points. • Testing ends after a set number of errors. •...

  • Page 92: Eye-Diagram Menu Maps

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Eye-Diagram Menu Maps Eye-Diagram Menu Maps The two menu maps in this section graphically represent the eye-diagram ana- lyzer’s softkey menus. Setup and Trg, Cal Menus...
  • Page 93 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Eye-Diagram Menu Maps Traces, Measure, Markers, Masks, and Mass Storage Menus 3-13...

  • Page 94: Agilent 70820A Menus

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Menus Agilent 70820A Menus This section discusses the softkey menus for the 70820A microwave transition analyzer module. To learn about the eye-diagram analyzer’s menus, refer to “Eye-Diagram Menu Maps” on page 3-12. These menus provide additional fea- tures useful for running the eye-diagram analyzer.
  • Page 95 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Menus The Left-Side Softkeys Use the softkeys located on the left side of the display to access the twelve major menus. These softkeys are shown in two pages. Press page 1 of 2 to view the second page of softkeys.

  • Page 96: Controlling The Display

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Controlling the Display Controlling the Display To Control the The Setup menu’s BIT INTVL softkey allows you to select the number of bits Number of Bits that will be displayed on the screen. The horizontal time scale automatically Displayed changes to the appropriate setting.
  • Page 97 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Controlling the Display In eyeline mode, additional eye filtering can be applied to improve the mea- To Improve the Sensitivity in surement sensitivity. This can be an advantage when measuring extinction ratios on low-level signals. Use the eyefltr ON OFF softkey to apply the filter. Eyeline Mode When the pattern repetition frequency is greater than 10 MHz, internal filter- ing is applied that provides a 20 dB signal-to-noise improvement.
  • Page 98 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Controlling the Display To learn more about these files and about creating and applying user-correc- tions, refer to “Tutorial 5: Use Software Filters” on page 2-15. User-Correction Files File Name File Data a_bt248832 4th order Bessel- Thomson filter for 2.48832 Gbit/sec transmission. a_bt_62208 4th order Bessel- Thomson filter for 622.08 Mbit/sec transmission.
  • Page 99 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Controlling the Display 4 Load the file by pressing: LOAD FILE The file is loaded when user-corrections loaded is displayed on the screen. 5 Turn the user correction function on by pressing: Trg, Cal, more 1 of 2, usr cor ON|OFF ON. 3-19...
  • Page 100 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Controlling the Display User-Corrections Applied to the Data To View 70820A Press MENU. Menus To Return to the Press USER. Jitter Analyzer If the eye-diagram analyzer’s menus are not displayed, load the program as (or Eye-Diagram explained in Chapter 1, “Getting Started”.
  • Page 101 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Controlling the Display There are two clocks that can be displayed on the screen: the display’s clock To View the Date and Time and the 70820A module’s clock. You can control whether the clocks are dis- played, the indicated time, and the display format. When the mainframe is turned on, the display sets the clock in the 70820A module.
  • Page 102 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Controlling the Display 3 To select US or European display format, press US|EURO US US|EURO EURO 4 To change the time or date, press: set clock Enter the new value in the same format as displayed. Control the Display’s Clock 1 Press DISPLAY, Misc, clock •...

  • Page 103: Calibrating The Eye-Diagram Analyzer

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Calibrating the Eye-Diagram Analyzer Calibrating the Eye-Diagram Analyzer N o t e For information on user-corrections and instrument calibration data, refer to “Agilent 70820A User-Corrections” on page 3-49 refer to “Agilent 70820A Calibration” on page 3-61. To Compensate An offset calibration routine is provided that allows the eye-diagram analyzer to compensate channel 1 for any external or internal dc offsets.
  • Page 104 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Calibrating the Eye-Diagram Analyzer 1 Connect a low-loss cable between the front-panel CALIBRATOR OUTPUT and channel 1 connectors. 2 To calibrate the IF, press: MENU, page 1 of 2, Calib, IF calib, CAL CH1 The calibration routine takes about 30 minutes to complete. 3 Disconnect the cable from channel 1, and connect it to the channel 2 connector.

  • Page 105: Displaying Traces

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Displaying Traces Displaying Traces Four Traces can be Displayed The Traces menu’s select: softkey allows you to display and control up to four traces. The scaling, reference positions, and reference levels of each trace can be separately adjusted. To automatically adjust the trace scale factor and ref- erence level for optimum display, simply press AUTO-SCALE.
  • Page 106 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Displaying Traces To Position and The selected trace can be positioned vertically on the display. This is accom- Scale Each Trace plished using the REF LEV|POS softkey to enter both the reference position and reference level. The reference position (POS) is entered as a percentage of the verti- cal display.
  • Page 107 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Displaying Traces The Averaging Submenu Average trace 1 by pressing: Traces, average, AVERAGE SWEEPS and enter the number of sweeps used for running average, average ON|OFF ON Four Persistence Modes are Available The eye-diagram analyzer offers four trace persistence selections. These selections are located under the Traces menu’s persist softkey and include the following types: •...
  • Page 108 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Displaying Traces The Persistence Submenu Infinite Monochrome Persistence With infinite monochrome persistence ( INFINIT), traces accumulate on the display until persistence is turned off or the display is cleared using the Setup menu’s CLEAR DISPLAY softkey. Press OFF to turn off infinite monochrome persistence.
  • Page 109 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Displaying Traces 1 green 2 cyan (light blue) 3 purple 4 rose 5 yellow This persistence works best with high values of N, typically values of 50 through 100. In this mode, no softkeys can be pressed until after EXIT GRAD- ING is pressed.

  • Page 110: Using Markers

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Using Markers Using Markers Use this menu to activate the four available line markers: X1, X2, Y1, and Y2. Markers allow you to measure or compare portions of the displayed waveform. For example, you can use markers to measure the peak-to-peak difference in a laser’s turn-on time as measured on the eye-diagram’s crossing point.

  • Page 111: Applying Mask Testing

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Applying Mask Testing Applying Mask Testing Use the Masks menu to display and control mask testing. Built in standard masks for the more common SONET/SDH transmission rates are provided. To learn how to create your own custom masks, refer to Chapter 2, “Application Tutorials”.
  • Page 112 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Applying Mask Testing Automatic Alignment Scales the Mask The MASK ALIGN softkey, located under the Masks menu, automatically aligns and scales a default mask to the data per the SONET/SDH standards. This is accomplished using histograms and is best done in eye mode for faster and more evenly distributed data acquisition.
  • Page 113 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Applying Mask Testing The Mask Setup Submenu 3-33...

  • Page 114: Saving To Mass Storage

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage Saving to Mass Storage Use the Mass Storage menu, to save and recall files to a mass storage device. The mass storage device is normally a memory card that has been inserted into the front-panel card slot. You can also store data to a GPIB disk drive, and to internal random-access memory (RAM) disk, refer to “Selecting and For- matting Memory”...
  • Page 115 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage as long as the card’s battery has sufficient power. You should change the bat- tery every two years using the procedure in this section. Refer to “To Change a Memory Card Battery” on page 3-39.
  • Page 116 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage GPIB Disk Drives Measurement data and files can be saved on an external GPIB disk drive. The disk drive must be a 3.5 inch, CS80 compatible, such as an 9122. To use the drive, you must connect it and enter its GPIB address using DISPLAY menu softkeys.
  • Page 117 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage Initializing (formatting) a memory card C A U T I O N The following steps erase any files stored on the card. 1 If the memory card is new and needs to be formatted, press: MENU, page 1 of 2, States, more 1 of 2, mass storage, more, FORMAT 2 To use the LIF format, press: FORMAT as LIF...
  • Page 118 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage 4 Enter the disk drive’s unit number by pressing: UNIT NUMBER This number is typically a 0 or 1. Zero usually indicates the disk drive’s left side slot. 5 Enter the disk drive’s volume number by pressing: VOLUME NUMBER The volume number should be left at the default value of zero for floppy disk drives.
  • Page 119 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage The memory card’s battery is a lithium commercial CMOS type, part number To Change a Memory Card CR 2016. Battery The memory card should be installed when the battery is removed. If the bat- tery is removed while the card is not installed, all data in the card will be lost.
  • Page 120 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage Working with Files Files are identified by a prefix and a name. The eye-diagram analyzer assigns a prefix according to the type of data, as shown in the following table. You enter the file name. When cataloged, the file listings show the file’s data type and size in bytes.
  • Page 121 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage To Duplicate a Instrument BASIC provides the ability to mass copy all the files from one Memory Card memory card to another memory card. This allows you to easily reproduce copies without having to copy the files one at a time. Use the following steps: 1 Refer to “To Use a Memory Card”...
  • Page 122 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage 6 Issue the following Instrument BASIC command to copy the files from the RAM disk to the new card: COPY "*:MEMORY,0,0" TO ":EXTERNAL,904" To Catalog all Use this procedure to catalog default memory. To select default memory, refer Files “Selecting and Formatting Memory”...
  • Page 123 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage Entering a File Name without a Keyboard a Turn the front-panel knob to move the character-select cursor. b Press SELECT CHAR to enter a character at the character-select cursor. c Press the numeric keypad to enter numbers or a minus sign. d The INSERT or ...
  • Page 124 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage To Erase all Files C A U T I O N This procedure erases all files stored in default memory. To erase all files in default memory, press: MENU, page 1 of 2, States, more 1 of 2, mass storage, more, FORMAT To Change the Prefix 1 To modify the prefix, press:...
  • Page 125 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage To Erase a Custom Prefix 1 To erase a custom prefix, press: MENU, page 1 of 2, States, more 1 of 2, mass storage, more, CHANGE PREFIX Repeatedly press the ⇓ step key until the cursor is located at the start of the custom text.
  • Page 126 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Saving to Mass Storage To Save a Mask/ Limit Line File 1 Display the Mass Storage menu by pressing: States, more 1 of 2, mass storage If the mass-storage device needs to be selected, refer to “Selecting and For- matting Memory”...

  • Page 127: Creating Copies Of The Display

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Creating Copies of the Display Creating Copies of the Display Often, it is important to create hard copies of the display for reports or records. A copy of the display can be printed on any Hewlett-Packard graphics printer.
  • Page 128 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Creating Copies of the Display 4 Select the print option by pressing: ←, copy options, COPY IS PRT/PLT PRT 5 Create the print by pressing: USER, PRINT To Create a Plot Hard copies can be produced on an Hewlett-Packard plotter if the eye-dia- gram analyzer is in pattern mode.

  • Page 129: Agilent 70820A User-Corrections

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections Agilent 70820A User-Corrections User corrections provide a convenient method for modifying the display of input signals. Some of the applications for user-corrections include the follow- ing: • Filtering input signals to simulate the effects of circuit design. •...
  • Page 130 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections Example User-Corrections User corrections always contain at least two default lines of data, as shown in the following figure. While these two lines of data cannot be removed, you can modify their magnitude or phase values. New lines of data are easily added. Each line of data consists of FREQuency, MAGNitude, PHASE, and path to next FREQ fields.
  • Page 131 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections Default Data Enter user-correction data by: manually using front-panel keys or storing the results of a sweep to user-correction memory. To Enter the User Display the User Correction menu by pressing: Correction Menu MENU, page 1 of 2, Calib, user corr To Select a Select a channel for user-corrections by pressing: Channel for User-...
  • Page 132 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections To Delete a Channel’s User- Corrections 1 Delete a channel’s user-corrections by pressing: MENU, page 1 of 2, Calib, user corr 2 Select the desired channel by pressing: CH1|CH2 3 Delete the selected channels user-corrections by pressing: other, DELETE ALL 4 To delete all corrections, press: CONFIRM DEL ALL...
  • Page 133 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections The following two figures show the effect of selecting linear slope and flat types. The trace graphically shows the filter. With the exception of the path to next FREQ field, the data in each filter is identical. 3-53...
  • Page 134 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections To Enter a Line of Data 1 Enter a line of data by pressing: MENU, page 1 of 2, Calib, user corr, SEL|EDT SEL New lines are added just above the highlighted line. Use the front-panel knob or arrow keys to highlight any field of the line which is to be below the new inserted line.
  • Page 135 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections To Edit a Line of Data 1 To edit a line of data, press: MENU, page 1 of 2, Calib, user corr, SEL|EDT EDT Use the front-panel knob, step keys, or numeric keypad to change the dis- played value.
  • Page 136 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections To Copy User- Copy user correction to an alternate channel by pressing: Correction to MENU, page 1 of 2, Calib, user corr, other, copy to CH2 Alternate Channel If channel 2 data is selected, the softkey reads copy to CH1. Viewing User-Correction Data This section explains how to assign user-correction data to a trace.
  • Page 137 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections To View User- Corrections 1 To view user-corrections, press: MENU 2 To enter the Traces menu, press: Traces 3 Select a trace, and then press: input: 4 Use the front-panel knob to scroll the menu bar to UCORR1, as shown in the following figure.
  • Page 138 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections 7 Set the frequency scale of the user-correction trace: • If the microwave transition analyzer is set for a frequency sweep, use the Main menu’s START and STOP softkeys. • If the microwave transition analyzer is set for a time sweep, press the Main menu’s SEC/DIV softkey, and enter the sweep time to set the stop frequen- cy.
  • Page 139 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections Saving, Recalling, and Cataloging User-Correction Files User-correction data can be saved in files and recalled for later use. This sec- tion shows you how to accomplish this task using the 70820A module’s mass storage menu. (You can also save, recall, and erase user-correction files using the eye-diagram analyzer’s Mass Storage menu.) The files are saved to default memory.
  • Page 140 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A User-Corrections To Recall a User- Correction File 1 To recall a user-correction file, press: MENU, page 1 of 2, States, more 1 of 2, mass storage If the mass-storage device needs to be selected, refer to “Selecting and Formatting Memory”...

  • Page 141: Agilent 70820A Calibration

    Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration Agilent 70820A Calibration Use the Calibration menu to perform the following tasks: • Match delay between channels. • Initiate an instrument self-test routine. • Turn off RF correction. • Calibrate the IF. • Verify the calibrator signal. The Calibration Menu The automatic IF calibrations documented in this section ensure accurate measurements using the eye-diagram analyzer.
  • Page 142 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration The Calibration Menu Turning Off RF Correction The microwave transition analyzer module applies RF correction factors to all measurements. These correction factors are loaded into nonvolatile memory at the factory . You can prevent the use of RF correction factors during mea- surements.
  • Page 143 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration Matching Delay Between Channels Significant delays can occur between the signals on channel 1 and channel 2 when the electrical lengths of external cabling varies. This results in a phase offset between the two channels. The microwave transition analyzer module offers the capability to add delay to either channel 1 or channel 2.
  • Page 144 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration Trace 2 Delay Compensated To Delay a Automatically compensate channel 2 by pressing: Channel MENU, page 1 of 2, Calib, chan skew, AUTO SKEW Calibrating the IF The microwave transition analyzer module provides separate automatic IF cal- ibration routines for channel 1 and channel 2.
  • Page 145 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration N o t e Warm up time Allow the microwave transition analyzer module to warm up for at least one hour before performing a calibration. To Calibrate the 1 Connect a low-loss cable between the front-panel CALIBRATOR OUTPUT and channel 1 connectors.
  • Page 146 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration Viewing the Calibration Data The ability to view the IF calibration data is mainly intended for service pur- poses. However, the procedures in this section show you how to view the data. To View IF Correction Data Traces 1 Display the Traces menu by pressing:...
  • Page 147 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration To View Hardware Response Traces 1 Display the traces menu by pressing: MENU, Traces 2 Turn on both trace 1 and trace 2. Set the input to trace 1 as channel 1. Set the input to trace 2 to channel 2.
  • Page 148 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration 7 To display the various hardware responses, press: page 1 of 2, SHOW CAL Use the front-panel step keys to scroll through the various hardware responses. To View Calibration Data 1 Display the Traces menu by pressing: MENU, Traces 2 To make viewing the calibration date easier, turn all displayed traces off by pressing:...
  • Page 149 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration 5 To view the data for channel 1, press: CH1 CAL INFO 6 To view the data for channel 2, press: CH2 CAL INFO 7 To view additional pages of information, continue pressing: CH1 CAL INFO or CH2 CAL INFO Performing a Self-Test You can initiate an automatic self-test routine that checks the internal condi- tion of all major circuits.
  • Page 150 Eye-Diagram Analyzer Reference Agilent 70820A Calibration To Turn the To turn the calibrator signal on, press: Calibrator Signal MENU, page 1 of 2, Calib, cal signal, cal sig ON|OFF ON To Change the To change the calibrator frequency and amplitude, press: Calibrator MENU, Calib, cal signal, FREQ, (156 Hz–5 MHz), AMPL, (0–4) Frequency and...

  • Page 151: Programming Commands

    Programming Commands...
  • Page 152 Programming Commands Programming Commands Programming Commands This chapter documents programming the eye-diagram analyzer. N o t e You will find the preview feature discussed in this chapter very useful. It displays the programming command corresponding to the response received when most softkeys are pressed. You will find information on the following commands in this chapter.

  • Page 153: Introduction

    Programming Commands Introduction Introduction Before communicating with the eye-diagram analyzer application, the Instru- ment BASIC system must be queried for the name of the program and told we wish to communicate with this program. The following example shows how to do this.
  • Page 154 Programming Commands Introduction PROG:WAIT? query to indicate when the 70874C has paused. Then, retrieve the response using the PROG:STR? query. Use PROG:STATe to continue pro- gram execution. (Notice the lower case letter e in PROG:STATe. This indicates the this letter can be entered in either upper or lower case.) The following example shows how to return the results of eye measurement.
  • Page 155 Programming Commands Introduction The BIT command string sets the instrument’s time scale (seconds-per-divi- sion) to a value which corresponds to the number of bits specified in the Param variable. Values of Program Variables Variable Data Type Value string Command floating-point number example: 3.5 Param string...
  • Page 156 Programming Commands Introduction Example OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Command’,’CLEAR’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:WAIT?" ENTER Mta;A$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR? ’Response’" ENTER Mta;Response$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STAT CONT" DEFAULT The DEFAULT command string copies the default masks specified in the Param variable. Select a mask from the following types: STM-1: default mask for STM-1 STM-4: default mask for STM-4 STM-16: default mask for STM-16...
  • Page 157 Programming Commands Introduction DELAY The DELAY command string sets the displayed delay value to the number of bits specified in the Param variable. Values of Program Variables Variable Data Type Value string DELAY Command floating-point number example: 2.75 Param string DONE Response Example...
  • Page 158 Programming Commands Introduction Values of Program Variables Variable Data Type Value string DIAGRAM Command string Param EYELINE PATTERN string DONE Response Example OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Param’,’EYELINE’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Command’,’DIAGRAM’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:WAIT?" ENTER Mta;A$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR? ’Response’" ENTER Mta;Response$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STAT CONT" EXTIN The EXTIN command string performs an extinction ratio measurement.
  • Page 159 Programming Commands Introduction Example OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Command’,’EXTIN’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:WAIT?" ENTER Mta;A$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR? ’Response’" ENTER Mta;Response$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STAT CONT" MARGIN The MARGIN command string sets the margin percentage limit for margin mask testing. Load the Param variable with a floating-point number that spec- ifies the percentage over standard mask to test.
  • Page 160 Programming Commands Introduction Values of Program Variables Variable Data Type Value string MARMSK Command string Param string DONE Response Example OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Param’,’ON’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Command’,’MARMSK’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:WAIT?" ENTER Mta;A$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR? ’Response’" ENTER Mta;Response$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STAT CONT" MEAS The MEAS command string performs the following eight measurements on the eye: 1 mean 1 level 2 mean 0 level...
  • Page 161 Programming Commands Introduction Values of Program Variables Variable Data Type Value string MEAS Command There are no parameters for this command. Param string example: 25.1 14.2 9.67 Response 2.23 8.91 4.5 2.11 6.7 Example OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Command’,’MEAS’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:WAIT?" ENTER Mta;A$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR? ’Response’"...
  • Page 162 Programming Commands Introduction Values of Program Variables Variable Data Type Value string PRESIST Command string Param COLGRAD MONOGRAD string DONE Response Example OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Param’,’COLGRAD’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR ’Command’,’PERSIST’" OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:WAIT?" ENTER Mta;A$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STR? ’Response’" ENTER Mta;Response$ OUTPUT Mta;"PROG:STAT CONT" QUIT The QUIT command string causes the eye-diagram personality to terminate.

  • Page 163: Specifications And Characteristics

    Specifications and Characteristics...
  • Page 164 Specifications and Characteristics Specifications and Characteristics Specifications and Characteristics This chapter contains specifications and characteristics for the 71501C and 70874C Jitter and Eye Diagram Analyzer. Definitions of The distinction between specifications, characteristics, typical performance, Terms and nominal values is described as follows: •...

  • Page 165: Vertical Specifications

    Specifications and Characteristics Vertical Specifications Vertical Specifications Table 5-1. Vertical Specifications Bandwidth (–3 dB): 20 GHz (extended BW off) 40 GHz (extended BW on) dc accurachy (±5° C from cal): The larger of ±2% of signal ampltiude or 500 µV The larger of ±1% of signal ampltiude or 500 µV (typical) Noise floor (at 1 GHz): <1.4 mV...

  • Page 166: Input Channel Specifications

    Specifications and Characteristics Input Channel Specifications Input Channel Specifications C A U T I O N Input channels RF INPUT 1 and RF INPUT 2 are dc coupled. Table 5-2. Input Channel Specifications Operation input range: <±320 mB (including dc offset) Maximum safe input voltage ±2 V pk-pk...

  • Page 167: Trigger Specifications

    Specifications and Characteristics Trigger Specifications Trigger Specifications Table 5-3. Trigger Specifications Operation input range: <±320 mV (including dc offset) Maximum safe input voltage ±2 V pk-pk without damage Number of input channels: 2.4 mm (male) Input connectors: Ω Nominal input impedance: Programmable dc offset: ±320 mV a.
  • Page 168 Specifications and Characteristics Trigger Specifications Trigger Specifications Table 5-4. Trigger Specifications Trigger sensitivity (dc - 40 65 mV (typical) pk-pk GHz): Jitter: <2.5 ps...

  • Page 169: Horizontal Specifications

    Specifications and Characteristics Horizontal Specifications Horizontal Specifications These specifications are for the eye diagram analyzer only. Table 5-5. Horizontal Specifications Time scale range: 5 ps/div–100 s/div (full sclae is 10 divsions) Delta time measurement accuracy: time span -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ps or < number of trace points (whichever is larger) Time delay in eye mode:...

  • Page 170: Declaration Of Conformity

    Specifications and Characteristics Declaration of Conformity Declaration of Conformity...
  • Page 171 Index Numerics data, 3-66 date, 3-65 0 level description, 3-64 1 Level description, menu, 3-62 10 MHz reference, 1-11 offset, 70820A calibration, 3-61 calibration, menus, 3-12 70820A clock control, 3-21 calibrator frequency amplitude, 3-70 70820A connections, 1-13 calibrator signal control, 3-69 70820A menus,...
  • Page 172 Index create print, 3-47 display trace errors, 2-21 crossing level description, display traces, 3-25 custom keypad, display, number of bits, 3-16 custom mask or limit line testing, 2-23 display, plot, 3-48 custom prefix, 3-45 displaying traces, 3-25 duplicate, memory card, 3-41 data pattern display,...
  • Page 173 Index eye-diagram analyzer reference, histogram, vertical creation, 2-36 eye-diagram analyzer, calibrating, 3-23 histograms, generating, eye-diagram menus, 3-12 horizontal histogram creation, 2-41 eyeline software filters, eyeline mode, 1-5, 1-7, 2-13 calibration, 3-64 improve the sensitivity in eyeline mode, 3-17 industry standards testing, 2-19 fails, program...
  • Page 174 Index markers turned 2-13 left-side, 3-15 markers, menus, 3-13 maps, 3-12 MARMSK command, mask setup, 3-33 mask align, 3-32 module main, 1-17 mask and limit lines, persistence, 3-28 mask margins, 3-32 setup and trg and cal, 3-12 mask or limit line creation, 2-24 setup and trg,...
  • Page 175 Index printing, 3-47 select trigger source, 1-22 PROG selecting memory, 3-34 STR? to read response, self-guided screen, 1-20 program failed to load, 1-17 self-test, 3-69 program variables, values, sensitivity in eyeline mode, 3-17 programming commands, set up measurement conditions, 1-22 programming commands, preview, 3-20...
  • Page 176 Index trigger level, manually set, 1-25 trigger source, 1-22 values of program variables, trigger, menus, 3-12 variable monochrome persistence, 3-28 turn calibrator signal 3-70 variables to pass commands and data, turning off RF correction, 3-62 vertical histogram, 2-36 tutorials viewing application, 70820A menus,...

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