FrontLine BPA LOW ENERGY Hardware User Manual
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FrontLine BPA LOW ENERGY Hardware User Manual

Bluetooth protocol analyzer
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Hardware and Software User Manual
Revision Date: 1/3/2017

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  • Page 1 Hardware and Software User Manual Revision Date: 1/3/2017...
  • Page 2 TELEDYNE LECROY Copyright © 2017 Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. FTS, Frontline, Frontline Test System, ComProbe Protocol Analysis System and ComProbe are registered trademarks of Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. The Bluetooth SIG, Inc. owns the Bluetooth® word mark and logos, and any use of such marks by Teledyne LeCroy, Inc.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    3.2.3 L2CAP Decoder Parameters 3.2.4 RFCOMM Decoder Parameters Chapter 4 Capturing and Analyzing Data 4.1 Capture Data 4.1.1 Air Sniffing: Positioning Devices 4.1.2 Capturing Data to Disk - General Procedure 4.1.3 Extended Inquiry Response Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 4 4.5.6 Switching Between Live Update and Review Mode 4.5.7 Data Formats and Symbols 4.6 Data/Audio Extraction Chapter 5 Navigating and Searching the Data 5.1 Find 5.1.1 Searching within Decodes 5.1.2 Searching by Pattern 5.1.3 Searching by Time Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 5 6.6.2 Exporting a File with Event Display Export Chapter 7 General Information 7.1 System Settings and Progam Options 7.1.1 System Settings 7.1.2 Changing Default File Locations 7.1.3 Side Names 7.1.4 Timestamping 7.2 Technical Information 7.2.1 Performance Notes Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 6 A.1.4 Encrypting the Link A.1.5 Encryption Key Generation and Distribution A.1.6 Encrypting The Data Transmission A.1.7 Decrypting Encrypted Data Using Frontline® BPA 600 low energy Capture A.2 Bluetooth® low energy Security A.2.1 How Encryption Works in Bluetooth low energy A.2.2 Pairing A.2.3 Pairing Methods...
  • Page 7 TELEDYNE LECROY A.3.8 Case Studies: Virtual Sniffing and Bluetooth Mobile Phone Makers A.3.9 Virtual Sniffing and You Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 8: Chapter 1 Frontline Hardware & Software

    802.11 (Wi-Fi) HSU (High Speed UART) The Frontline hardware interfaces with your computer that is running our robust software engine called the ComProbe Protocol Analysis System or Frontline software. Whether you are sniffing the air or connecting directly to the chip Frontline analyzers use the same powerful Frontline software to help you test, troubleshoot, and debug communications faster.

  • Page 9: What Is In This Manual

    You can read them from beginning to end to gain a complete understanding of how to use the Frontline hardware and software or you can skip around if you only need a refresher on a particular topic. Use the Contents, Index, and Glossary to find the location of particular topics.

  • Page 10: Chapter 2 Getting Started

    Chapter 2 Getting Started In this chapter we introduce you to the Frontline hardware and show how to start the Frontline analyzer software and explain the basic software controls and features for conducting the protocol analysis. 2.1 BPA low energy Hardware 1.
  • Page 11 2. Double-click on Frontline ComProbe Protocol Analysis System and the system displays the Select Data Capture Method... dialog. Note: You can also access this dialog by selecting Start > All Programs > Frontline (Version #) > Frontline ComProbe Protocol Analysis System Figure 2.3 - Example: Select Data Capture Method..., BPA 600...

  • Page 12: Frontline® Bpa Low Energy Data Capture Methods

    Opens Frontline Help. Keyboard shortcut: F1. 3. Expand the folder and select the data capture method that matches your configuration. 4. Click on the Run button and the Frontline Control Window will open configured to the selected capture method. Note: If you don't need to identify a capture method, then click the Run button to start the analyzer.

  • Page 13: Control Window

    Figure 2.4 - BPA low energy Select Data Capture Method Bluetooth low energy This method requires one Frontline BPA low energy hardware or one Frontline FBLEA hardware. Used for typical applications to capture Bluetooth low energy data. 2.3 Control Window The analyzer displays information in multiple windows, with each window presenting a different type of information.

  • Page 14: Control Window Toolbar

    Toolbar icon displays vary according to operating mode and/or data displayed. Available icons appear in color, while unavailable icons are not visible. Grayed-out icons are available for the Frontline hardware and software configuration in use but are not active until certain operating conditions occur. All toolbar icons have corresponding menu bar items or options.

  • Page 15: Status Information On The Control Window

    The menus appearing on the Control window vary depending on whether the data is being captured live or whether you are looking at a .cfa file. The following tables describe each menu. Table 2.2 - Control Window File Menu Selections Mode Selection Description Close Live Closes Live mode. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 16 System Recent capture files A list of recently opened capture files will appear. The View menu selections will vary depending on the Frontline analyzer in use. Table 2.3 - Control Window View Menu Selections Mode Selection Hot key...
  • Page 17 Opens the that allows the user to add File Shift- comments to a capture file. The Live menu selections will vary depending on the Frontline analyzer in use. Table 2.5 - Control Window Live Menu Selections Hot- Mode Selection Description The following two rows apply to all Frontline products except Set in Target.
  • Page 18 Enable/Disable Audio Expert System When enabled, the is active, other Audio Expert wise it is not available. Only available when an Audio System Expert System licensed device is connected. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 19: Minimizing Windows

    Control window is minimized, all windows are minimized. 3. Select the menu item again to deactivate this feature. 4. The windows minimize to the top of the operating system Task Bar. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 20: Chapter 3 Configuration Settings

    Chapter 3 Configuration Settings In this section the Frontline software is used to configure an analyzer for capturing data . 3.1 BPAle I/O Settings - Datasource 3.1.1 BPA Low Energy datasource Toolbar/Menu The datasource dialog toolbar and menu options are listed below.

  • Page 21: Bpa Low Energy Devices Under Test

    Chapter 3 Configuration Settings 3.1.2 BPA low energy Devices Under Test You can select the ComProbe BPA low energy analyzer for sniffing Bluetooth low energy communications on available devices. Note: Frontline BPA LE supports Bluetooth low energy features through Bluetooth 4.2, except optional extended packet length.
  • Page 22 Clicking on this button will save the current Devices Under Test settings that will be available the next time you open ComProbe BPA low energy analysis. To begin sniffing Bluetooth low energy simply click the red Start button on the datasource toolbar.

  • Page 23: Bpa Low Energy Le Device Database

    Sniffer Diagnostics: Checking this box will record communications traffic between ComProbe software and the ComProbe BPA low energy hardware. Most often used in conjunction with Frontline Technical Support instructions should the user have problems with their hardware. Checking this box will not affect capture, analysis, or display of data.
  • Page 24 When editing the BD_Addr Type field "<Tab to toggle>" appears. Press the keyboard Tab key until your selected device address type appears. LE Device Database Fields In the LE Device Database table the following columns appear. Table 3.4 - BPA Low Energy Datasource LE Device Database Fields Column Description BD_Add r...

  • Page 25: Bpa Low Energy Datasource Information

    Chapter 3 Configuration Settings 3.1.4 BPA low energy Datasource Information The ComProbe BPA low energy Information tab is one of the three tabs that appear when you first start the low energy analyzer. Figure 3.6 - BPA low energy Information Tab There are several pieces of information on this display: Displayed in the text window is the serial number of the connected BPA 600 device.

  • Page 26: Decoder Parameters

    Chapter 3 Configuration Settings TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 3.7 - BPA low energy Information Tab Update Firmware Dialog 1. Make sure the ComProbe BPA low energy analyzer is attached. 2. Select the location of the firmware file. 3. Select Flash Device. The download begins, with the Status bar displaying the progress. When the download is complete, you can check the firmware version by checking the Status field.
  • Page 27 Select the frame where the change should take effect Select Set Subsequent Decoder Parameters... from the Options menu, and make the needed changes. You can also right-click on the frame to select the same option. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 28: Decoder Parameter Templates

    3.2.1 Decoder Parameter Templates 3.2.1.1 Select and Apply a Decoder Template 1. Select Set Initial Decoder Parameters... from the Options menu on the Control window or the Frame Display window. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 29 3.2.1.3 Deleting a Template 1. After opening the Set Initial Decoder Parameters window click the Delete button in the toolbar. The system displays the Template Manager dialog with a list of saved templates. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 30: Selecting A2Dp Decoder Parameters

    Each entry in the Set Initial Decoder Parameters dialog takes effect from the beginning of the capture onward or until redefined in the Set Subsequent Decoder Parameters dialog. Figure 3.13 - L2CAP Decoder parameters tab Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 31 1. From the Set Initial Decoder Parameters window, click on the L2CAP tab. 2. Set or select the L2CAP decoder parameters. 3. Click on the ADD button. The Initial Connection window displays the added parameters. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 32: Rfcomm Decoder Parameters

    3.2.4.1 About RFCOMM Decoder Parameters Each entry in the Set Initial Decoder Parameters dialog takes effect from the beginning of the capture onward or until redefined in the Set Subsequent Decoder Parameters dialog. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 33 1. From the Set Initial Decoder Parameters window, click on the RFCOMMtab. 2. Set or select the RFCOMMdecoder parameters. 3. Click on the ADD button. The Initial Connection window displays the added parameters. Figure 3.16 - Parameters Added to Decoder Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 34 The Set Subsequent Decoder Parameters dialog allows the user to override an existing parameter at any frame in the capture where the parameter is used. If you have a parameter in effect and wish to change that parameter: Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 35 Figure 3.17 - Set Subsequent Decoder Parameters selection list Note: If the capture has no user defined overrides, then the system displays a dialog stating that no user defined overrides exist. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 36: Chapter 4 Capturing And Analyzing Data

    4.1 Capture Data 4.1.1 Air Sniffing: Positioning Devices When capturing over the air packets, proper positioning of the Frontline hardware and the Devices Under Test (DUTs) will result in the best possible captures and will mitigate sources of path loss and interference.
  • Page 37 DUTs, taking advantage of the cables' length. If this is not possible, position the computer behind the analyzer as far away as possible. If using the Frontline FTS4BT, which is a dongle, either use an extension USB cable or position the computer such that the dongle is positioned towards the DUTs.

  • Page 38: Capturing Data To Disk - General Procedure

    Wi-Fi technology. Wi-Fi interference can cause loss of packets and poor captures. In a laboratory or testing environment do not place the DUTs and Frontline hardware in close proximity with Wi-Fi transmitting sources such as laptops or routers. Turning off Wi-Fi on the computer running the Frontline software is recommended.
  • Page 39 Unlike 802.11, Bluetooth packets never come in faster than the datasource can process them. However, Bluetooth packets must still be stored so that they can be read in chronological order with the 802.11 packets. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 40: Extended Inquiry Response

    EIR displays extensive information about the Bluetooth® devices that are discovered as data is being captured. EIR provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 41: Protocol Stacks

    You cannot select a stack or change an existing one for a capture file loaded into the Capture File Viewer (the Capture File Viewer is used only for viewing capture files and cannot capture data). Protocol Stack changes can only be made from a live session. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 42: Creating And Removing A Custom Stack

    2.  If your protocol stack is complete and there are no additional layers, click the There are no additional stack layers button. 3. If you select this option, the analyzer uses the stack you defined for every frame. Frames that do use this stack are decoded incorrectly. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 43: Reframing

    You cannot unframe from the Capture File Viewer (accessed by selecting Capture File Viewer or Load Capture File to start the software and used only for viewing capture files). Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 44: How The Analyzer Auto-Traverses The Protocol Stack

    There may be times when you need to provide information to the analyzer because the context for decoding a frame is missing. For example, if the analyzer captured a response frame, but did not capture the command frame indicating the command. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 45: Analyzing Protocol Decodes

    4.3 Analyzing Protocol Decodes 4.3.1 The Frame Display To open this window Click the Frame Display icon on the Control window toolbar, or select Frame Display from the View menu. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 46 - The Radix Pane displays the logical data bytes in the selected frame in either hexadecimal, decimal or octal. Binary Pane - The Binary Pane displays a binary representation of the logical data bytes. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 47 Frame Wrapping and Display In order to assure that the data you are seeing in Frame Display are current, the following messages appear describing the state of the data as it is being captured. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 48 Display window identical to the first. Apply/Modify Display Filters - Opens the Display Filter dialog. Quick Protocol Filter - brings up a dialog box where you can filter or hide one or more protocol layers. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 49 ToolTip pops up with the full text of the filter. The following icons all change how the panes are arranged on the Frame Display. Additional layouts are listed in the View menu. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 50 Frame Display Find. Find Next Occurrence - Moves to the next occurrence of the value in the Frame Display Find. Cancel Current Search - Stops the current Frame Display Find. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 51 There are two ways to hide a layer. 1. Right-click on the layer in the Decode pane, and choose Hide [protocol name] Layer In All Frames. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 52 Figure 4.6 - Frame Display Find text entry field Where the more powerful Search/Find functionality searches the Decode, Binary, Radix, and Character panes on Frame Display using TImestamps, Special Events, Bookmarks, Patterns, etc., Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 53 If you select Find Previous Occurrence, when the search reaches the first frame it will then cycle to the last frame and continue until it reaches the frame where the search began. Shift + F3 is a shortcut for Find Previous Occurrence. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 54 Multiple Frame Displays are useful for comparing two frames side by side. They are also useful for comparing all frames against a filtered subset or two filtered subsets against each other. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 55 To re-size a pane, place the cursor over the pane border until a double-arrow cursor appears. Click and drag on the pane border to re-size the pane. 4.3.1.10 Frame Display - Byte Export The captured frames can be exported as raw bytes to a text file. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 56 Click the OK button to save the export. Clicking the Cancel button will exit Byte Export. 3. The Save As dialog will open. Select a directory location and enter a file name for the exported frames file. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 57 Any other panes which are being viewed are updated accordingly. If you use one pane to select a subset of the frame, then only that subset of the frame is highlighted in the other panes. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 58 Use the Go To icon to move to a specific frame number.  Placing the mouse pointer on a summary pane header with truncated text displays a tooltip showing the full header text. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 59 In those cases we label each device as side ‘1’ or ‘2’, not as master or slave. In each connection event, packets sent by the device which transmitted first in the connection event are labeled ‘1’, and packets sent by the device which transmitted second are labeled ‘2’. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 60 1. Place the cursor over the right column divider until the cursor changes to a solid double arrow. 2. Click and drag the divider to the desired width. 3. To auto-size the columns, double-click on the column dividers. Hiding Columns To hide a column: Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 61 The Decode pane (aka detail pane) is a post-process display that provides a detailed decode of each frame transaction (sometimes referred to as a frame). The decode is presented in a layered format that can Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 62 Physical vs. Logical Byte Display for more information. Colors are used to show which protocol layer each byte belongs to. The colors correspond to the layers listed in the Decode pane. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 63 2. Select a color from the drop-down menu. 3. Click OK. The highlight color for the text is changed. Select Cancel to discard any selection. Select Defaults to return the highlight color to blue. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 64 Select Cancel to discard any selection. Select Defaults to return the highlight colors to the default settings. Figure 4.14 - Frame Display Protocol Layer Color Selector 4.3.1.13 Filtering Filtering allows the user to control the display which capture frames are displayed. Filters fall into two general categories: Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 65 Named filters are persistent across sessions. Named filters are user-defined. User-defined filters persist in a template file. User defined filters can be deleted. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 66 4. Set the parameters for the selected condition in the fields provided. The fields that appear in the dialog box are dependent upon the previous selection. Continue to enter the requested parameters in the fields provided until the condition statement is complete. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 67 Quick Filtering dialog. 4.3.1.13.1.4 Using Compound Display Filters Compound filters use boolean logic to create complex and precise filters. There are three primary Boolean logic operators: AND, OR, and NOT. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 68 9. Click OK. 10. The system displays the Save Named Condition dialog. Provide a name for the filter condition or accept the default name provided by the system and click OK. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 69 When a display filter is applied, a description of the filter appears to the right of the toolbar in the Frame Display windows. Note: The OK button is unavailable (grayed out) until the condition selections are complete. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 70 Hide/Show Filters dialog. The system displays the Hide/Show Filters dialog with a list of all user defined filters. 2. Select the filter to be revealed from the combo box. 3. Click the Show button. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 71 OK.) The Set Condition dialog box closes, and the system applies the modified filter. Note: When a display filter is applied, a description of the filter appears to the right of the toolbar in the Frame Display windows. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 72 1. Select Rename Display Filters… from the Filter menu in the Frame Display window to open the Rename Filter dialog. The system displays the Rename Filter dialog with a list of all user defined filters in the Filters combo box. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 73 Classic Bluetooth: All will filter in all Classic Bluetooth frames. You are in effect filtering out any Bluetooth low energy frames and are selecting to filter in all the Classic Bluetooth links. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 74 Right-click anywhere in a Frame Display pane and select Connection Filter in the pop-up menu. The procedure for creating a connection filter are identical as described in From the Frame Display Filter menu, above. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 75 Clicking on Connection Filter Link = 4 will filter in "Link 4" frames without opening all the drop-down menus. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 76 The new Frame Display with the filtered connection frames will only contain the data defined by the filter criteria. That is, the criteria could be a single link or data for a particular technology. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 77 In this example, there is a capture file with Classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy, and 802.11. To view just the 802.11 data set, 802.11 = All is selected from the right-click pop up menu. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 78 On the Frame Display , click the Quick Filtering icon or select Quick Filtering from the Filter menu. This opens a dialog that lists all the protocols discovered so far. The protocols displayed change depending on the data received. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 79 1. Select the tab of the desired protocol, or open the Summary combo box. 2. Select the desired protocol. 3. To filter on a different layer, just select another tab, or change the layer selection in the combo box. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 80: Low Energy Timeline

    You access the Timeline by selecting Bluetooth low energy Timeline from the View menu or by pressing the Bluetooth low energy Timeline icon on the Control window toolbar and Frame Display toolbar. In computing throughput, packets that have a CRC error are excluded. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 81 Display. Resetting the display may be useful when the most recent throughput values are of interest. 4.3.2.2 low energy Timeline Menu Bar The Bluetooth low energy Timeline menu bar contains the following: Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 82 The source device address will appear on the left of each row. Show Radio Rows Displays rows packets received on radios 0,1, or 2. The radio number will appear on the left of each row. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 83 12 segments, 6 markers per segment 202.5 ms (162 1.25 ms time intervals 18 segments, 9 markers per segment (18x9)) 360 ms (288 1.25 ms time intervals 24 segments, 12 markers per segment (24x12)) Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 84 78 segments, 39 markers per segment (78x39)) 4.41 s (3528 1.25 ms time intervals 84 segments, 42 markers per segment (84x42)) 5.0625 s (4050 1.25 ms time intervals 90 segments, 45 markers per segment (90x45)) Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 85 Capture will continue but the displays will remain static. To resume scrolling during capture, click again on this menu item. Displays Bluetooth low energy Timeline help Help Help Topics topics. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 86 1-second throughput can be very small since it divides by an entire one second. 4.3.2.7 Throughput Graph The following figure depicts the Throughput Graph. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 87 Frame Display. 1. Using the Decoder pane scroll through the frames until LE Data shows "Encrypted MIC". 2. Place the cursor on the Encrypted MIC data and while holding the Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 88 Within each segment are one or more source access address or radio rows. Figure 4.33 - Bluetoothlow energy Timeline 4.3.2.9 How Packets Are Displayed Bluetooth low energy packets are displayed in the low energy timeline in Segments and Rows. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 89 The Addr rows display packets sent by that access address for all devices or configured devices. You select All Devices or Configured Devices using the radio buttons.The address shown is the access address for the device. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 90 Timeline. If not, those values are shown as “n/a”. Packets that are not displayed in the Timeline are Sniffer Debug packets, non-LE packets (e.g. WiFi), and packets that are not from a Configured Device the Configured Devices radio button is checked. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 91 When showing multiple segments the beginning timestamp is the same as the ending timestamp of the previous segment. In addition to the timestamps the segment information bar shows the zoom value in the center of the bar. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 92 Discontinuities - Discontinuities are indicated by cross-hatched slots. See the Discontinuities section. Packet Status - Packet status is indicated by color codes. Refer to low energy Timeline Legends. Right-Click Menu. - The right-click menu provides zooming and time marker alignment. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 93 The timestamp will change with the scrolling of the display. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 94 Selecting a Zoom icon (+ or -) on the toolbar zooms in our out. The current Zoom setting is shown in the center of the timeline segment information bar at the bottom of each timeline segment. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 95 (Contiguous time segment x/n)" where "x" is 1,2, 3... segment and "n" is the total number of segments. For example: :"(Contiguous time segment 2/3)". 4.3.2.14 Zoom menu Figure 4.43 - low energy Timeline Zoom menu Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 96 Zoom Menu Multiple Segment: Each selection defines the timeline view port, the number of segments, and number of 1.25 ms markers withing the segment. For example, selecting "7.5 ms (6 1.25 ms time intervals Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 97: Coexistence View

    Coexistence View Menus. Table 4.5 - Coexistence View File Menu Selections Selection Description Reset Resets the Coexistence View window to its default settings. Exit Closes the Coexistence View window. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 98 The following three selections are mutually exclusive. Show Packet When checked, the Throughput Graph and Throughput Indicator shows data based Throughput on packet throughput. Performs the same function as the Throughput Packet radio button. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 99 Graph When not checked, the Throughput Graph appears in its default position at the top of the window. Performs the same function as clicking the Swap button. See on page 100. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 100 Zoom Tool (Mouse Wheel Zooms- Ctrl Key When checked, sets the mouse wheel to zoom Switches to Scroll Tool) the Viewport. Pressing the Ctrl key while zooming switches to scrolling the Viewport. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 101 5 sec (8,000 Bluetooth slots) 10 sec (16,000 Bluetooth slots) 20 sec (32,000 Bluetooth slots) Note: Right-clicking anywhere in the Coexistence View window will open the Zoom menu in a pop-up. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 102 When clicked, selects the first prior packet Ctrl+Left Arrow Error Packet with an error from the current selection and displays it in the Timeline. Performs the same function as the Previous Error Packet button. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 103 4.3.3.2 Coexistence View - Toolbar Figure 4.45 - Coexistence View Toolbar The toolbar contains the following selections: Table 4.9 - Coexistence View Toolbar icons Icon Description Move to the first packet. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 104 Scroll cursor. When selected the cursor changes from Scroll to a context-aware zooming cursor. Click on normal cursor to remove the zooming cursor. Zooming cursor. Scroll Lock/Unlock during live capture mode. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 105 Radio button descriptions are modified per the following: Bluetooth low energy packets from non-configured devices are excluded if the Configured radio button in the LE Devices group is selected. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 106 When the average throughput exceeds the indicator width, a plus sign (+) is drawn at the right end of the indicator. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 107 For example, if a data point has a duration of 0.1 s and a bit count of 100, it will have a throughput of 1,000 bits/s, and the y-axis labels will be consistent with this. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 108 4.01 s is called a positive discontinuity and is shown in black.  A positive discontinuity is a cosmetic nicety to avoid lots of empty space.  A negative discontinuity is an error. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 109 The viewport is sized by dragging one of its sides or by using one of the other zooming techniques.  See Zooming subsection in the Timeline section for a complete list. The Throughput Graph and Timeline can be made to trade positions by clicking the Swap button.  Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 110 A tooltip can be displayed for each dot. Dots can be removed for greater visibility of the plots when data points are crowded together. Figure 4.58 - Dots Toggled On and Off Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 111 Clicking the Freeze Y button freezes the y-axis scales and makes it possible to compare all time ranges and Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 112 . The zoom cursor is controlled by the mouse wheel and zooms the viewport and thus the Timelines and the Zoomed Throughput Graph. The zoom cursor appears everywhere except the Throughput Graph, which is not Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 113 Set button is clicked.  Also listed is the last source MAC address that was set in the dialog in the previous session.  If that address has not yet been seen in this session, it is shown in parentheses. Figure 4.63 - 802.11 Source Address Dialog Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 114 The All radio button shows and uses all Bluetooth low energy packets.  The Configured radio button shows and uses only Bluetooth low energy packets which come from a configured device. 4.3.3.9 Coexistence View – Legend (This video provides more details on the Legend...) Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 115 Packet information is provided in various ways as described below. Packets are color-coded to indicate attribute (Retransmit, Bad Packet, Can’t Decrypt, or Invalid IFS), master/Tx, technology (Classic Bluetooth® , Bluetooth low energy, or 802.11), and category/type. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 116 (duration between the first and last selected packets), Timestamp Delta (difference between the timestamps, which are at the beginning of each packet), and Span (duration from the beginning of the first selected packet to the end of the last selected packet). Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 117 Corner of Screen, and any time you mouse-over a packet the tool tip will appear anchored in the upper-left corner of the computer screen. To return to viewing the tool tip adjacent to the packets deselect the tool tip format option in the menu. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 118 Chapter 4 Capturing and Analyzing Data TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 4.73 - Coexistence View Format Menu - Show Tooltips on Computer Screen Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 119 Figure 4.75 - 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz 802.11 packets The y-axis labels show the channels for each technology and are color-coded:  Blue = Classic Bluetooth, Green = Bluetooth low energy, Orange = 802.11.  Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 120 Figure 4.76 - 5 GHz information window Figure 4.77 - 2.4 GHz information windows When zoomed in far enough Bluetooth slot markers appear in the 2.4 GHz timeline.  A Bluetooth slot is 625 µs wide. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 121 A discontinuity for a timestamp going forward by more than 4.01 s is called a positive discontinuity and is shown in black.  A positive discontinuity is a cosmetic nicety to avoid lots of empty space.  A negative discontinuity is an error. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 122 Zoom level duration – Bluetooth slot duration + Gap duration = 15.625 ms - 625 µs + 7.19984 s = 0.015625 s – 0.000625 s + 7.199840 s = 0.015000 s + 7.199840 s = Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 123 Coexistence View Throughput Graph and Timelines will display a message: "Packets without a channel number (such as HCI) won't be shown." Figure 4.84 - Missing Channel Numbers Message in Timelines Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 124 3. Click on the Control window Start Capture button to begin capturing data. Click on the Coexistence View button and the High-Speed View will appear. The Coexistence View (High Speed Live Mode) window will appear. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 125: Message Sequence Chart (Msc)

    Figure 4.86 - Message Sequence Chart Window How do I access the chart? You access the Message Sequence Chart by selecting the icon or MSC Chart from the View menu from the Control window or Frame Display. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 126 The information in the colored boxes displays general information about the messaging. The same is true for each one of the protocols. If you want to see the all the messaging in one dialog, you select the All Layers tab. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 127 You can use the navigation arrows at the bottom and the right side of the dialog to move vertically and horizontally. You can also click and hold while moving the pointer within dialog that brings up a directional arrow that you can use to move left/right and up/down. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 128 If you right click within the Ctrl Summary, you can select Show in MSC. Figure 4.92 - Right-Click in Ctrl Summary to Display Show in MSC The window then displays the same information, but in the normal MSC view. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 129 Zoom in horizontal - expands the chart horizontal view Shift + H Zoom out horizontal - compresses the chart horizontal view Ctrl + V Zoom in vertical - expands the chart vertical view Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 130 When you select the 1) Search icon or 2) use F3 key, the Select layer and message dialog appears. From this dialog you can search for specific protocol messages or search for the first error frame. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 131 2. Enter a frame number in the Enter frame No.: text box. 3. Click OK. The Go To Frame dialog disappears and the selected frame is highlighted in the chart. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 132 2. You next need to select your printer from the drop-down list, set printer properties, and format the print output.. 3. Then you select OK. After you select OK, the Message Sequence Chart Print Preview dialog appears. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 133 You can enter a number in the text box, then press Enter, and the dialog will display the data for that page. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 134: Packet Error Rate Statistics

    You can access this window in Bluetooth low energy by selecting the Bluetooth low energy Packet Error Rates Statistics icon from the Control window or Frame Display. You can also open the window from the View menu on the same windows. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 135: Packet Error Rate - Channels

    Figure 4.99 - Bluetooth low energy PER Stats Window 4.4.1 Packet Error Rate - Channels The main portion of the PER Stats dialog displays the . Figure 4.100 - Bluetooth low energy Packet Error Rate Channels Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 136: Packet Error Rate - Pie Chart And Expanded Chart

    The number of the selected channel is displayed in the upper-left corner of the expanded chart. The combined value of Header and Payload/CRC errors for the channel is displayed in red as a percentage to the right of the channel number. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 137: Packet Error Rate - Legend

    Selecting MHz On displays the megahertz value for each channel in the main channels chart and also in expanded chart. Selecting MHz Off removes the megahertz value. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 138: Packet Error Rate - Sync Selected Packets With Other Windows

    1. To use the Export, select a range of data using the Viewport. 2. Select .csv or .txt from Export Selected Data, depending on what type of data file you want. The Save As dialog appears. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 139: Packet Error Rate - Scroll Bar

    You can drag the sides of the Viewport or the slider buttons to select multiple bars, representing a greater time range. You can click and drag the Viewport within the Scroll Bar. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 140: Analyzing Byte Level Data

    The Reset button is only available when you are capturing data. 4.5 Analyzing Byte Level Data 4.5.1 Event Display To open this window click the Event Display icon on the Control window toolbar. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 141: The Event Display Toolbar

    Home – Brings the Control window to the front. Open a capture file Start Capture - Begins data capture to disk. Stop Capture - Closes a capture file and stops data capture to disk. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 142 All Events - Controls whether the analyzer shows all events in the window, or only data bytes. Events include control signal changes and framing information. Timestamping Options – Brings up the timestamping options window which has options for customizing the display and capture of timestamps. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 143: Opening Multiple Event Display Windows

    2. Use the mouse to select the data you want to calculate a delta time and rate for. 3. The Event Display window displays the delta time and the data rate in the status lines at the bottom of the window. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 144: Switching Between Live Update And Review Mode

    An event is anything that happens on the circuit or which affects data capture. Data bytes, control signal changes, and long and short breaks are all events, as are I/O Settings changes and Data Capture Paused and Resumed. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 145 If you want to see only the numerical values, click on the Numbers Only icon on the Event Display toolbar. The base of a number system. Binary is base 2, octal is base 8, decimal is base 10 and hexadecimal is base 16. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 146 An event is anything that happens on the circuit or which affects data capture. Data bytes, control signal changes, and long and short breaks are all events, as are I/O Settings changes and Data Capture Paused and Resumed. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 147 Sync Found Sync Hunt Entered Sync Lost Test Device Stopped Responding - The analyzer lost contact with the ComProbe for some reason, often because there is no power to the ComProbe. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 148: Data/Audio Extraction

    .mp3 files, and more. Then you can examine the specific files information individually. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 149 If this option is not selected, the audio packets are extracted without inserting the silence packets for the reserved empty slots. Note: This option is for SCO/eSCO only. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 150 10. If you did not select this option, you can open a file by simply double-clicking on the name. Also, if a file type is unknown, you can select the file and it appears in the Rename to: text box. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 151 Figure 4.112 - Rename To in the bottom section of Data Extraction Status Then you can rename the file, adding a file type to attempt to open the file. When you are finished, select Close to close the dialogs. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 152: Chapter 5 Navigating And Searching The Data

    This mass of information by itself, however, is just that, a mass of information. There has to be ways to manage the information. ComProbe software provides a number of different methods for making the data more accessible. One of these methods is Find. Figure 5.1 - Find Dialog Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 153: Searching Within Decodes

    Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the content of the capture file you are viewing. Figure 5.2 - Find Decode Tab Search for String Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 154 B coming from the DCE is a good example of how using a side restriction differs from searching without regard to data origin. While searching without regard for data Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 155: Searching By Pattern

    4. Click on the Pattern tab of the Find dialog. Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the content of the capture file you are viewing. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 156: Searching By Time

    Side Restrictions 5.1.3 Searching by Time Searching with Time allows you search on timestamps on the data in Frame Display and Event Display window. To access the search by time function: Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 157 Note: Month and Year are not available if you select Relative. 3. When you have specified the time interval you want to use, click on the Go To, Move Forward or Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 158: Using Go To

    To access the Go To function: 1. Open a capture file to search. 2. Open the Event Display or Frame Display window. 3. Click on the Find icon or choose Find from the Edit menu. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 159 5. Then click on the Move Forward or Move Backward button. 6. For example, to move forward 10 events, type the number 10 in the box, and then click on Move Forward. Each time you click on Move Forward, Frontline moves forward 10 events. Event Numbering for why the Data Event Number and All Events Number may be different.

  • Page 160: Searching For Special Events

    TELEDYNE LECROY 5.1.5 Searching for Special Events Frontline inserts or marks events other than data bytes in the data stream. For example, the analyzer inserts start-of-frame and end-of-frame markers into framed data, marking where each frame begins and ends. If a hardware error occurs, the analyzer shows this using a special event marker.

  • Page 161: Searching By Signal

    The section with the check boxes allows you to specify which control signals the analyzer should pay attention to when doing the search. The analyzer pays attention to any control signal with a check mark. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 162 Do a search for where one or more control signals changed from on to off. The analyzer would search the DTR signal and stop at the first event where DTR dropped from on to off. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 163: Searching For Data Errors

    4. Click on the Errors tab of the Find dialog. Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the content of the capture file you are viewing. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 164 Chapter 5 Navigating and Searching the Data TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 5.10 - Find Error tab. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 165 If you are searching for an exact match, the analyzer asks you if you want to continue searching from the beginning of the buffer. Searching for Exact Error Conditions Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 166: Find - Bookmarks

    4. Click on the Bookmarks tab of the Find dialog. Note: The tabs displayed on the Find dialog depend on the product you are running and the content of the capture file you are viewing. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 167: Changing Where The Search Lands

    Timestamping can be turned on and off while data is being captured. As a result, the capture buffer may have some data with a timestamp, and some data without. When doing a search by timestamp, the analyzer ignores Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 168: Bookmarks

    Modify 1. Select the frame or event with the bookmark to be edited. 2. There are three ways to access the Add/Modfy Bookmark dialog. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 169: Displaying All And Moving Between Bookmarks

    . Select the bookmark you want to move to and click the Go To button, or simply double-click on the bookmark. Click the Move Forward and Move Back buttons to cycle through the bookmarks. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 170 Figure 5.13 - Find Window Bookmark tab Used to Move Around With Bookmarks To delete a bookmark, select it and click the Delete button. To modify a bookmark, select it and click the Modify button. Click Remove All to delete all the bookmarks. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 171: Chapter 6 Saving And Importing Data

    You cannot save data to file while it is being captured. 2. Open the Event Display or Frame Display window. 3. Click the Save icon, or select Save from the File menu. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 172: Saving The Entire Capture File With Save Selection

    7. Type a file name in the As box at the bottom of the screen. Click the Browse icon to browse to a specific directory. Otherwise your file is saved in the default capture file directory. 8. When you are finished, click OK. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 173: Saving A Portion Of A Capture File

    . This icon is present on the toolbars of the Frame Display , as well as the Event Display . Notes can be selected from the Edit menu on one of these windows. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 174: Confirm Capture File (Cfa) Changes

    3. If the file is not in the File menu list, select Open Capture File from the File menu or simply click on the Open icon on the toolbar. 4. Capture files have a .cfa extension. Browse if necessary to find your capture file. 5. Click on your file, and then click Open. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 175: Importing Capture Files

    Frontline Ethertest* for DOS – requires 3 files: filename.cap, filename.ca0 and filename.ca1. Sniffer Type 1 – supports files with the .enc extension. Does not support Sniffer files with a .cap extension. Snoop or Sun Snoop – files with a .cap extension based on RFC 1761. For file format, see http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1761.html.
  • Page 176 (click on and highlight) the layers from the list box. 4. Click on selected layers in the list to de-select, or click the Reset Selected Layers button to de-select all selected layers. Figure 6.2 - Frame Display Print Dialog Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 177 2. From this point the procedure is the same as steps 2 through 5 in "How to Print Frame Display Data" above. 3. Click the OK button, and after a brief wait a browser window will appear. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 178: Printing From The Event Display

    Note: In order to prevent a Print crash, you cannot select All if there are more than 100,000 events in the capture buffer. Note: See "Configure the Print File Range in the Event Display Print Dialog" above for an explanation of these selections Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 179: Exporting

    With the Event Display Export dialog you can export the contents of the Event Display dialog as a test (.txt), CSV (.csv.), HTML (.htm), or Binary File (.bin). You also have the option of exporting the entire capture buffer or just the current selection of the Event Display dialog. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 180 Choose Host, Function\Control or Both to determine how you want to export the data. 5. Choose Host, Function\Control or Both to determine how you want to export the data. 6. Choose whether you want to display multiple events or single events per row. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 181 7. If you select .csv as the file type, choose whether you want to hide/display Preambles or Column Headings in the exported file 8. Click Save. The Event Display Export file is saved to the locations you specified in File name. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 182 When exporting Baudot, you need to be able to determine the state of the shift character. In a text export, the state of the shift bit can be determined by the data in the Character field. When letters is active, the character field shows letters and vice versa. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 183: Chapter 7 General Information

    Control window. To enable a setting, click in the box next to the setting to place a checkmark in the box. To disable a setting, click in the box to remove the checkmark. When viewing a capture file, settings related to data capture are grayed out. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 184 You can accept these values, or you can enter a unique file size. But if you try to close the dialog after entering a value greater than the maximum or less than the minimum, you will see the following dialog.  Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 185 Figure 7.2 - Advanced System Options dialog  Driver Receive Buffer Size in Kbytes - This is the size of the buffer used by the driver to store incoming data. This value is expressed in Kbytes. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 186: Changing Default File Locations

    The analyzer saves user files in specific locations by default. Capture files are placed in the My Capture Files directory and configurations are put in My Configurations. These locations are set at installation. Follow the steps below to change the default locations. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 187 If a user sets the My Decoders directory such that it is up-directory from an installation path, multiple instances of a personality entry may be detected, which causes a failure when trying to launch Frontline. For Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 188: Side Names

    C:\Users\ My Decoders\ C:\Users\\Public\My Decoders\ C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\My Decoders\ or to any directory that already exists in the path C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Frontline Test Equipment\My Decoders\ Default Capture File Folder Checkbox If the Use Last Opened Folder for Capture Files checkbox is checked, then the system automatically changes the default location for saving capture files each time you open a file from or save a file to a new location.

  • Page 189: Timestamping

    Choose Set Timestamp Format… from the Options menu on the Frame Display and Event Display window or click on the Timestamping Option icon in the Event Display toolbar. The Timestamping Options window will open. Figure 7.7 - Timestamping Options dialog Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 190 Timestamping Options button, or click the click the Timestamping Options icon from the window. Event Display 2. Go to the Display Options section at the bottom of the window and find the Display Relative Timestamps checkbox. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 191: Technical Information

    There are several things that you can do to try and solve this problem. Use capture filters to filter out data you don't need to see. Capture filters reduce the amount of data processed by the analyzer. (Ethernet Only) Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 192: Btsnoop File Format

    One or more variable-length Packet Record fields follow the File Header field. Each Packet Record field holds the data of one captured packet. File Header The structure of the File Header is as follows: Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 193 The descriptive information is structured as six 32-bit (4- octet) integer values. The structure of the packet record is as follows: Original Length Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 194: Progress Bars

    7.2.3 Progress Bars The analyzer uses progress bars to indicate the progress of a number of different processes. Some progress bars (such as the filtering progress bar) remain visible, while others are hidden. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 195: Event Numbering

    Since the events are not renumbered, your colleague’s file use the same event numbers that your file does. 7.2.5 Useful Character Tables 7.2.5.1 ASCII Codes Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 196 This is to differentiate the abbreviations for a control character from a hex number. For example, the abbreviation for Form Feed is listed as F/F, to differentiate it from the hex number FF. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 197: Decoderscript Overview

    The main purpose of this manual is to describe DecoderScript™, the language used in writing decoders. DecoderScript allows you to create new decoders or modify existing decoders to expand the functionality of Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 198: Bluetooth Low Energy Att Decoder Handle Mapping

    Creating handle-UUID mapping file Create a file named "ATT_Handle_UUID_Preload.ini' in the root directory of "C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Frontline Test Equipment\My Decoders\", but the file can be located anywhere. Assume that you want to create a GATT service starting at handle 1. Create a section in the ini file called [Service Base Handles] Frontline BPA low energy Hardware &...

  • Page 199: Contacting Technical Support

    Email: tech_support@fte.com If you need to talk to a technical support representative about your Frontline BPA low energy product, support is available between 9 am and 5 pm, U.S. Eastern Time zone, and between 9 am and 5 pm, Pacific Time zone, on Monday through Friday.
  • Page 200 TELEDYNE LECROY Chapter 7 General Information Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 201: Appendicies

    Appendicies Appendix A: Application Notes Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 202: Appendix A: Application Notes

    TELEDYNE LECROY Appendicies Appendix A: Application Notes A.1 Decrypting Encrypted Bluetooth® low energy A.2 Bluetooth® low energy Security A.3 Bluetooth Virtual Sniffing Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 203: Decrypting Encrypted Bluetooth® Low Energy

    The Pairing Request message is transmitted from the initiator containing the IO capabilities, authentication data availability, authentication requirements, key size requirements, and other data. A Pairing Response Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 204: Pairing Methods

    Figure 3 - Responder Pairing Confirm Example (ComProbe Frame Display, BPA 600 low energy capture) A third method, Out Of Band (OOB), performs the same as Pass Key, but through another external link such as NFC. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 205: Encrypting The Link

    When a slave begins a new encrypted session with a previously linked master device, it will request distribution of EDIV and Rand and will regenerate LTK. Figure 6 - Encryption Response from Slave, Example (ComProbe Frame Display, BPA 600 low energy capture) Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 206: Encrypting The Data Transmission

    However any of the ComProbe devices (BPA 500, BPA low energy) that are low energy capable will accomplish the same objectives, although the datasource setup will be slightly different for each device.
  • Page 207 (MITM Protection = Yes). The requested keys are also shown. Selecting Frame# 35,545 would provide the response from the responder (Side 2) and would contain similar information. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 208 Bluetooth devices can exchange encrypted data, and the ComProbe sniffing device can also receive and decrypt the encrypted data because the appropriate “key” is provided in the BPA 600 Datasource window. Figure 12 - LE LL Tab Encryption Request (Frame# 39,617) from Initiator (Side 1) Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 209 Decryption Initiated = Yes frames. In the example depicted in the following figure, Frame# 39723 is selected. In the Decoder pane LE BB shows that the decryption was initiated and decryption was successful. In LE Data Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 210 Payload Length and the MIC in the packet. This is shown in the Binary pane below the Summary pane. Figure 15 - Decrypted Data Example (Frame# 39,723) Author: John Trinkle Publish Date: 9 April 2014 Revised: 23 May 2014 Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 211: Bluetooth® Low Energy Security

    Although Telegraph cryptography has been around for millenniums—dating back to 2000 B.C. — Chappe, was the first to use it in a wide area network in the modern sense. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 212: How Encryption Works In Bluetooth Low Energy

    Bluetooth low energy uses the same pairing process as Classic Bluetooth: Secure Simple Pairing (SSP). During SSP initially each device determines its capability for input and output (IO). The input can be None, Yes/No, or Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 213: Pairing Methods

    Figure 19 - Initiator Pairing Confirm Example (ComProbe Frame Display, BPA 600 low energy capture) A third method, Out Of Band (OOB), performs the same as Pass Key, but through another external link such as NFC. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 214: Encrypting The Link

    LTKs. Therefore the slave will distribute LTK, EDIV, and Rand to the master device for storage. When a slave begins a new encrypted session with a previously linked master device, it will request distribution of EDIV and Rand and will regenerate LTK. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 215: Encrypting The Data Transmission

    The counter is initialized to zero when the CSRK is generated and is incremented with each message signed with a given CSRK. The combination of the CSRK and counter mitigates replay attacks. Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 216: Table Of Acronyms

    128-bit confirmation value from the responder Session key Security Manager Protocol Srand 128-bit random number used to generate Sconfirm Secure Simple Pairing Short Term Key Temporary Key Author: John Trinkle Publish Date:21 May 2014 Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...

  • Page 217: Bluetooth Virtual Sniffing

    The ComProbe software Virtual sniffing function simplifiesBluetooth® development and is easy to use. Frontline’s Virtual sniffing with Live Import provides the developer with an open interface from any application to ComProbe software so that data can be analyzed and processed independent of sniffing hardware.

  • Page 218: Bluetooth Sniffing History

    A.3.3 Bluetooth Sniffing History Frontline has a strong appreciation for the importance of HCI sniffing because of the way we got involved with Bluetooth. Because of our company history, we are uniquely qualified to offer a multi-mode analyzer that provides many ways to sniff and supports a wide variety of protocols.

  • Page 219: The Convenience And Reliability Of Virtual Sniffing

    Send functions is used by a particular application. When ComProbe software receives data from the application via Live Import, the data is treated just as if it had been captured on a Frontline ComProbe sniffer. The entire protocol stack is fully decoded.
  • Page 220 There are numerous approaches that we can use to structure a partnership program with you. We believe that a partnership with Frontline is an easy and cost-effective way for you to add value to your product offering.
  • Page 221 Appendicies TELEDYNE LECROY Author: Eric Kaplan Publish Date: May 2003 Revised: December 2013 Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual...
  • Page 223 Appendicies Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual Index Binary 138, 149 Binary Pane 56 BL 190 A2DP Decoder Parameters 23 Bookmarks 161-162 Aborted Frame 179 Boolean 60, 65 About Display Filters 58 BPA low energy; I/O Settings 14...
  • Page 224 Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software Appendicies User Manual saving 165-166 high-speed 116 starting capture to file 31 packet 108 Capturing 31 two timelines 112 Data to Disk 31 Toolbar 96 CFA file 166-167 Tooltip 101 Changing Default File Locations 179...
  • Page 225 Appendicies Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual Data 136, 164-165 EBCDIC 139 Capturing 31 EBCDIC Codes 189 Data Byte Color Denotation 57 EIR 33 Data Errors 156 EM 189 Data Extraction 141 EQ 190 Data Rates 136...
  • Page 226 Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software Appendicies User Manual Filtering 71 Importable File Types 168 Filters 58-60, 62-65, 72 Importing Capture Files 167 Find 146, 148, 150-151, 153, 156 INCLUDE 60 Find - Bookmarks 159 Include/Exclude 60 Find Introduction 145...
  • Page 227 Appendicies Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software User Manual Modem Lead Names 181 Printing 171 Modify Display Filters 64-65 Printing from the Frame Display 168 Multiple Event Displays 136 Progress Bars 187 Multiple Frame Displays 47 Protocol Protocol Layer Colors 57...
  • Page 228 Frontline BPA low energy Hardware & Software Appendicies User Manual Save As 164 Synchronization 47 Saving 165-166 System Settings 176, 178 Display Filter 59 Imported Capture Files 176 Technical Support 192 Saving the Capture File using File &gt; Save or the...

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