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KNEX Education Simple Machines Deluxe GEARS Teachers Manual

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Summary of Contents for KNEX Education Simple Machines Deluxe GEARS

  • Page 2 SIMPLE MACHINES DELUXE GEARS KNX 79520-V1-11/10 Website: www.knexeducation.com ©2011 K’NEX Limited Partnership Group Email: abcknex@knex.com and its licensors. Phone: 1-888-ABC-KNEX (USA/CAN only) K’NEX is a trademark of K’NEX Limited Partnership Group. K’NEX Limited Partnership Group P.O. Box 700 Hatfield, PA 19440-0700...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Simple Machines Deluxe Introduction ........4 Standard Alignments .

  • Page 4: Simple Machines Deluxe Introduction

    Introduction: OVERVIEW This Teacher’s Guide has been developed to support you as your students investigate the K’NEX Education Simple Machines Deluxe Set. In conjunction with the K’NEX materials and individual student journals, the information and resources here can be used to build your students’...

  • Page 5: Standard Alignments

    Alignment with National Standards Grades K-4 The National Science Education Standards Unifying Concepts • Systems, order, and organization and Processes • Evidence, models, and explanation • Change, constancy, and measurement • Form and function Physical Science • Properties of objects and materials •...
  • Page 6 Alignment with Standards for Technological Literacy Grades 3-5 Standards for Technological Literacy The Nature of Technology Core Concepts of Technology • Systems • Processes • Requirements Relationships among technologies • Technologies integrated Design The Attributes of design • Requirements of design Engineering Design •...
  • Page 7 Alignment with Standards for Technological Literacy Grades 6 - 8 Standards for Technological Literacy The Nature of Technology Core Concepts of Technology • Systems • Processes • Requirements Relationships among technologies • Interaction of systems • Knowledge from other fields of study and technology Design The Attributes of design...

  • Page 8: All About Gears

    All About GEARS What is a Gear? • A gear is a wheel with teeth along its outer edge. • One gear can make another gear turn when the teeth of the two gears interlock, mesh or connect. • Gears can change the amount of force, the direction and the speed of rotation needed to do a job.
  • Page 9 • Different-sized spur gears turn at different speeds and with different amounts of force. REMEMBER Special types of gears can be used to change the direction of circular motion and to gear up or down depending on the need for speed. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 10: Student Reference Sheets

    STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET What is a gear? • A gear is a wheel with teeth along its outer edge. • One gear can make another gear turn when the teeth of the two gears interlock, mesh or connect. • Gears can make work easier by letting you use less force to do a job. •...
  • Page 11 The gear ratio shows how many times faster the The MA shows the number of times the gear sys- small gear turns when you apply the effort force tem multiplies the effort force applied to the small to the big gear. gear. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...
  • Page 12 STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET Spur gears are sets of gears that work together by being set in the same position. The teeth on the edge of one gear mesh with the teeth on the other gear. When you turn one gear, the other gear turns in the opposite direction.
  • Page 13 The worm gear turns with more force than the worm. A worm and its worm gear turn in different directions. If you imagine that the worm and the worm gear each trace out a circle as they turn, the two circles are at right angles to each other. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...
  • Page 14 STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET Sprocket gears are special types of spur gears. Two sprocket gears are set in the same position, but they are placed a certain distance apart. A chain wraps around the gears. By turning one gear, you make the chain move and the chain turns the other gear.
  • Page 15 Like spur gears, crown gears can be different sizes. Then, the crown gears will turn at different speeds and with different amounts of force, in the same way that spur gears do. 1-888-ABC-KNEX Graphics courtesy of ClickArt® 65,000 Incredible Image Pak ; ©1996-97,T/Maker Co. knexeducation.com...
  • Page 16 STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET Rack and pinion gears have their own special shape and their own kind of movement. The rack is a long, toothed bar which moves back and forth. The pinion is a toothed wheel which rotates. Here’s an example. Inside a car, rack and pinion gears control the way the car turns.

  • Page 17: Spur Gears Lesson Plan

    The Spur Gears Lesson Plan Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Identify a spur gear Materials -K’NEX Rubber Band Scale • Demonstrate how spur gears function -small weight, such as cup of • Explain the advantage offered by spur gears of differ- pennies or green Rods ent gear ratios and their effect on force and speed -string...
  • Page 18 Gear arrangement? 4 Using K’NEX, build a hand cranked fan that uses spur gears to turn at different speeds. Make blades for your fan from cardboard or poster board. Crank the fan and feel the cool breeze! 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 19: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Spur Gears Every gear has a job to do Spur gears lie one behind the other. By turning one spur gear, you can make another gear move.When you use a salad spinner to dry a head of lettuce, you are using spur gears.These gears are inside the lid and they connect the handle to the basket where you put the lettuce.When you turn the handle, the basket turns much faster than the handle turns.The water...

  • Page 20: Sprocket Bicycle Gear Lesson Plan

    The Sprocket Bicycle Gear Lesson Plan • Identify a sprocket gear • Demonstrate how sprocket gears function • Explain the advantages offered by sprocket gears of the Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes same and different gear ratios and their effect on force and speed •...
  • Page 21 Students may have seen sprocket gears in chain saws, chain hoists, garage door openers, barbecue rotisseries, movie projectors and cameras (the film acts as the “chain”).These machines use sprocket gears to move the chain or to turn a gear some distance away. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 22: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Sprocket Bicycle Gear Every gear has a job to do Sprocket gears are set apart from each other and are connected by a chain. Many bikes have a set of sprocket gears which help you ride at an even pace, on any kind of surface.

  • Page 23: Crown Gears

    The Crown Gears Lesson Plan Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Identify a crown gear Materials -tape • Demonstrate how crown gears functio -extra K’NEX pieces including a large Gear • Measure applied forces with a Rubber Band Scale and determine Mechanical Advantage •...
  • Page 24 Any other arrangement would have your pot sliding off an upright surface or you would have to pedal while lying down. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 25: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Crown Gears Chuck Key Every gear has a job to do Crown gears meet at right angles, which means that one gear turns vertically (up and down) and meshes with another gear which turns horizontally (side to side). Crown gears let you change the angle and motion you’re turning.A little tool called a chuck key (pictured here at the top) uses crown gears to help you tighten a power drill bit.

  • Page 26: Rack And Pinion Gears Lesson Plan

    The Rack and Pinion Gears Lesson Plan • Identify a rack and pinion gear • Demonstrate how rack and pinion gears function • Explain and demonstrate the advantages offered by Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes rack and pinion gears and their effect on force and speed •...
  • Page 27 5. Rack and pinion systems are used to connect the front wheels and the steering columns in some cars. Investigate vehicles which use this gear system and build a K’NEX vehicle of your own design with a rack and pinion steering system. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 28: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Rack and Pinion Gears Every gear has a job to do Rack and pinion gears have two parts: the rack, which is a bar with teeth and the pinion, which is a round gear.The rack moves back and forth and the pinion turns in circles.An ice cream scooper uses rack and pinion gears.After you’ve scooped up some ice cream, you push with your thumb against the rack.

  • Page 29: Worm And Worm Gear Lesson Plan

    The Worm and Worm Gear Lesson Plan • Identify a worm and worm gear Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Demonstrate how a worm and worm gear function • Explain the advantages offered by worm gears and their effect on force and speed Materials -stopwatch or clock •...
  • Page 30 = 75 turns per second. Note that this speed is much faster than Your answer will be the number of turns the 1.5 turns per second of the the worm makes per second.That’s fast! Worm Gear. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 31: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Worm and Worm Gear Every gear has a job to do Like all gears, a worm gear is a wheel with teeth. However, unlike other gears, a worm gear is not turned by another gear. Instead, it is turned by a worm –...

  • Page 32: Planetary Gears Lesson Plan

    The Planetary Gears Lesson Plan • Identify a planetary gear and its various components • Demonstrate how planetary gears function Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Experiment with the Planetary Gears to determine the effects on force and speed • Measure and compare the applied forces required for different plane- Materials -K’NEX Rubber Band Scale tary gear configurations with a Rubber Band Scale...
  • Page 33 Step 2b uses the least force to lift the weight.The arrangement from Step 2c does not lift the weight at all since the wheel does not move. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 34: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Planetary Gears Every gear has a job to do A set of planetary gears includes a central sun gear that connects with planet gears that are equally spaced around it. An outer gear (“annulus” means ring) meshes with the outside edge of the planet gears.The sun gear and the annulus gear are on annulus the same axle.

  • Page 35: Simple Transmission Lesson Plan

    The Simple Transmission Lesson Plan • Identify a simple transmission and its components Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Demonstrate how a simple transmission functions • Explain how work is done by gears within a simple transmission • Determine if the gears within a transmission change force, speed Materials -no special materials required or direction...
  • Page 36 K’NEX model. 3. Students might build attachments on the upper shaft of the Transmission model to make a multi-speed fan, blender or another invention. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 37: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Simple Transmission Every gear has a job to do A car can creep along at a low speed or it can zoom down the road. If you could see inside the car’s engine while you were driving, you would see that the engine doesn’t have a wide range of speeds.Actually, it just turns fast all the time.

  • Page 38: Car Window Lesson Plan

    The Car Window Lesson Plan • Identify the type(s) of gear in a car window • Demonstrate how a car window functions Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Calculate and explain the Mechanical Advantage of the gears in the Car Window and their effect on force and speed •...
  • Page 39 They will need to consider where the window crank will be positioned on the door (preferably in a place where it could easily be reached!) and where the rack will move as the window goes up (possibly under the window or along the side). 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 40: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Car Window Every gear has a job to do Most cars today have automatic windows with levers which you push to open and close the car’s windows. Some cars still have manual windows which operate by cranking a wheel and axle on the inside of the car door.

  • Page 41: Lawnmower Lesson Plan

    The Lawnmower Lesson Plan Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Identify the type(s) of gear used in a lawnmower • Demonstrate how a lawnmower functions • Explain the advantages offered by spur gears and Materials -green tissue paper their effect on force and speed -scissors •...
  • Page 42 Write a paragraph describing this. caught between a rotating blade and the fixed blade.The fixed blade actually does the cutting. Since the rotating blade is angled, it moves across the fixed blade in the same way two scissor blades meet. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 43: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Lawnmower Every gear has a job to do An old-fashioned lawnmower uses spinning blades to cut the grass. As the blades whirl around, they catch the long grass against a sharp blade that stays in one place at the back of the mower.The moving and fixed blades act like a scissors to cut the grass.

  • Page 44: Eggbeater Lesson Plan

    The Eggbeater Lesson Plan Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Identify the type(s) of gear used in an eggbeater Materials -bowl or laundry tub • Demonstrate how an eggbeater functions -water • Explain the advantages offered by crown gears and -dish soap their effect on force and speed -spoon -colored markers...
  • Page 45 Eggbeaters.Their ads might include illustrations, recipes, quotes from “satisfied customers” or even impressive technical jargon. Encourage them to be creative and think of other uses for the Eggbeater. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 46: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Eggbeater Every gear has a job to do Have you ever tried to beat egg whites or pancake mix with a fork? It takes a lot of time and energy to turn the egg whites into fluffy foam and beat the lumps out of the pancake batter.

  • Page 47: Food Mixer Lesson Plan

    The Food Mixer Lesson Plan Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Identify the type(s) of gears in a food mixer Materials -bowl • Demonstrate how a food mixer functions -jellybeans, two different colors • Explain the advantage offered by worm gears and their effect on force and speed •...
  • Page 48 Food Mixer mix the jelly beans as well? them better than a single beater does. Experiment with the Mixer design and function to find out. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 49: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Food Mixer Every gear has a job to do When you make cookies, some ingredients make the batter thick and hard to stir.An electric mixer makes stirring easier because its motor gives you extra power. But you wouldn’t want the mixer’s beaters to turn as fast as the motor turns.Then you’d have cookie batter splattering out of the bowl and all over the kitchen! Worm gears make the mixer’s beaters...

  • Page 50: Differential Lesson Plan

    The Differential Lesson Plan Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Identify the type(s) of gear used in a differential Materials -carpet, towel or other rough surface • Demonstrate how a differential functions • Compare and contrast models with and without a differential •...
  • Page 51 Differential also turn — in opposite directions.The sun gears move at the same rate as the wheels. One sun gear may turn slowly or hold still while the other sun gear turns quickly. 3. Students answers will vary. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 52: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Differential Every gear has a job to do When a car makes a right turn around a corner, the wheels on the right side of the vehicle make a small curve near the curb, but the wheels on the left travel in a big curve.The left wheels have to travel farther than the right wheels, but all of the wheels do this action in the same period of time.That means that the left wheels...

  • Page 53: Clock Lesson Plan

    The Clock Lesson Plan Lesson Length: 30-45 minutes • Identify the type(s) of gear used in a clock Materials -lightweight cardboard -scissors • Demonstrate how a clock functions -masking tape • Compare the functioning of the K’NEX Clock with -colored markers a real clock -extra K’NEX pieces •...
  • Page 54 Their stories could put a twist on an everyday situation by having time run at a different rate or by having a different way to tell time. 1-888-ABC-KNEX...

  • Page 55: Student Activity Sheet

    STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET The Clock Every gear has a job to do Face clocks – the kind of clocks with hands and a face with numbers – have lots of gears which turn at different rates. The special combination of gears makes the minute, hour and second hands rotate at the right speeds.

  • Page 56: Part & Model List

    GEARS Part & Model List Tan Connector Gray Connector Orange Connector Lt Gray Connector Red Connector Green Connector Yellow Connector Blue Connector White Connector Purple Connector Yel/Grn Female Hinge Lt. Blue Male Hinge Green Rod White Rod Blue Rod Yellow Rod Red Rod Gray Rod Med.

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