Acterna SDA-5000 Operation Manual
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Acterna SDA-5000 Operation Manual

Sda series stealth digital analyzer
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Table of Contents

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  • Page 1 JDSU/Wavetek/Acterna SDA-5000 Manual Get Pricing & Availability at ApexWaves.com Call Today: 1-800-915-6216 Email: sales@apexwaves.com https://www.apexwaves.com/analyzers/jdsu/sweep-system-solutions/SDA-5000...
  • Page 2 SDA Series Stealth Digital Analyzer Operation Manual 6510-00-0442, Rev D May 2001...
  • Page 3 © Copyright 2001 Acterna, LLC. All rights reserved. Acterna, The Keepers of Communica- tions, and its logo are trademarks of Acterna, LLC. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. No part of this guide may be repro- duced or transmitted electronically or otherwise without written permission of the publisher.
  • Page 4 Acterna. I n d u s t ry C a n a d a R e q u i r e m en t s This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

  • Page 6: Important Safety Instructions

    Important safety instructions The following table defines safety terms. Failure to observe these precautions while using the Stealth Digital Analyzer violates the intended use of this product. Safety definitions Term Description DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
  • Page 7 Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. CAUTION: Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with Acterna P/N 1118-00-0358. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Save these instructions...
  • Page 8 Pinpoint return path problems by analyzing digital return path signals at any point in the field............4 Align return path amps more quickly and with fewer errors......4 New Features and Benefits of the SDA-5000..........5 Headend Units (SDA-5500 and SDA-5510) ............5 SDA-5500 Stealth Sweep Transceiver ............5 New Features and Benefits of the SDA-5500..........6...
  • Page 9 Level Measurement ..................17 Sweep......................18 Proof-of-Performance Measurement Tools ...........19 Spectrum Analysis ..................21 PathTrak Mode (OPT3 Field View) ..............21 Configuring the SDA-5000................22 Global Configuration ..................23 Measurements Configuration (Including QAM OPT4).........25 Digital Analysis (QAM OPT4) Options ..........27 Channel Plan Configuration ................27 Sweep Configuration ..................28 PathTrak Configuration (OPT3) ..............28...
  • Page 10 Sweep Receiver Configuration .................64 Sweep Configuration ..................64 SWEEP Menu Options ..................67 Considerations for Sweep in the Field .............70 Connecting the SDA-5000 to a Test Point ............70 Signal Level Considerations ..............71 Wiring and Levels: Forward Sweep ............71 Wiring and Levels: Reverse Sweep (SDA-5000 OPT1)......72 Sweep Setup....................74...
  • Page 11 Contents Reverse SWEEP Screens .................85 Reverse Frequency Screen ...............86 Reverse Level Screen................86 Reverse Noise Screen ................87 Reverse Noise Level Screen ..............88 Reverse Noise Frequency Screen.............89 Reverse Amplifier Alignment Screens ............90 REV ALIGNMENT Main Screen ............90 REV ALIGNMENT Level Screen............91 Sweepless Sweep ....................92 Loopback Sweep (OPT2) ..................93 Chapter 5 Reverse Path Troubleshooting...
  • Page 12 Contents Audio Carriers..................116 LEVEL Submenu...................117 FREQUENCY Submenu ...............117 TILT Submenu..................118 LIMIT Submenu ..................118 Carrier-to-Noise Measurements..............119 Modem Carrier-to-Noise Measurements ............121 Why Measure Cable Modem C/N?..............122 Measuring Modem Carrier-to-Noise ............122 Hum Measurements ..................124 Modulation Measurements ................126 CSO/CBT Measurements ................128 Chapter 7 Spectrum Analyzer Mode Introduction .....................131 Spectrum Mode Operation ................131 LEVEL Submenu..................134...
  • Page 13 Contents Chapter 9 Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4) Introduction .....................149 Quick Start .......................150 Selecting a Digital Analysis Mode ..............150 Using the Navigator Menu..............150 Using the Measurement Mode Keys............150 Correcting Signal Lock Errors ...............151 Digital Summary Mode (Quick Start) ............151 QAM Ingress Mode (Quick Start) ...............152 Constellation Mode (Quick Start)..............152 Equalizer Mode (Quick Start)..............153 Digital Summary Mode...................153...
  • Page 14 Contents Decision Boundaries ................166 Common Impairment Types ..............167 QAM Modulation and Symbol Rates ............169 Modulation Error Ratio (MER) .............169 Bit Error Rate (BER) ................169 Basic Operation ...................169 CONSTELLATION Main Screen Features...........170 Viewing the QAM Level Display ............171 Editing the Modulation Format or Symbol Rate........171 Using the Zoom Feature.................172 Equalizer Mode....................174 Equalizer Main Screen Features ..............174...
  • Page 15 Contents Chapter 11 Files Introduction .....................197 Storing Files .....................198 Viewing and Printing Files ................200 Sweep References.....................201 Overlay Mode....................203 Selecting a Sweep File to Overlay...............204 Chapter 12 Maintenance Maintaining Your SDA Equipment ...............207 Visual, Physical, and Mechanical Inspection ..........207 RF Connector Replacement.................207 Battery Terminal Cleaning ................208 Charging the Battery..................208 Cleaning the Instrument................209...
  • Page 16 Contents Measurement Mode Selection Keys ............218 Support Mode Selection Keys ..............220 Diamond Keys .....................220 Alphanumeric Entry Keys ................220 Alpha Entry Mode..................221 Numeric Entry Mode ................221 Multiple Choice Mode ................221 Printing ......................221 Global Configuration ..................222 Global Setup ....................222 Measurements Setup ..................225 Channel Plan Setup..................227 Sweep Transceiver (SDA-5500)..............227 Reverse Sweep (SDA-5510)................228...
  • Page 17 Contents Using Auto Test....................248 How To Create, Edit, and Delete Test Locations ........249 How To Perform An Auto Test ..............252 Auto Test Location ................253 Auto Test Characteristics ...............253 Test Point Type ..................254 Voltage Measurements................255 Test Point Compensation ...............256 Results File.....................257 Type Of Test ..................257 Immediate..................257 Scheduled ..................258...
  • Page 18 Contents Reverse Sweep Setup...................288 Enabling Reverse Sweep (SDA-5500)...........288 Setting the Forward Telemetry Frequency (SDA-5510) .......289 Setting the Forward Telemetry Level (SDA-5510) .......289 Setting the Reverse Telemetry Frequency (SDA-5500 and SDA-5510) ..............289 Reverse Sweep Channel Plans..............290 Creating a New Reverse Sweep Channel Plan ........291 Selecting an Existing Reverse Sweep Plan ..........294 Editing a Reverse Sweep Plan ...............294 Testing the Transmitter Setup for Reverse Sweep ........295...
  • Page 19 Contents Forward Balancing and Sweeping ...............312 Common Forward Sweep Problems ............313 Standing Waves ..................313 Spikes.....................313 No Communication ................314 Bad Response..................314 Faster Forward Sweep................314 Frequency Response Identification............315 Other Applications..................315 Using the Portable Receiver Transmitter for Forward Activation..315 Tips & Hints ....................316 Reverse Sweep and Balance................318 Step-by-Step Headend Set Up ..............318 Reverse Sweep Setup ................318...
  • Page 20 Contents FCC Title 47 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart K, Section 76.605(a).335 Audio/Video Tests [76.605(a)(2)] ............335 24-hour Variation Test [76.605(a)(3,4,5)] ..........335 In-Channel Sweeping [76.605(a)(6)] .............336 CNR & Distortions [76.605(a)(7,8)]............337 Terminal Isolation [76.605(a)(9)] ............340 Hum [76.605(a)(10)]................340 Headend Tests [76.605(a)(11)] ..............341 Leakage – Rule [76.609(h) & 76.605(a)(12)] ........341 Appendix B Specifications Frequency ....................343...
  • Page 21 Contents Measurable QAM Ingress: ..............350 Channel Bandwidth:................350 Power Source: ..................351 Appendix C Status Indicators and Icons Status Indicators...................353 Soft Key Icons .....................354 Additional Option-Specific Icons ..............357 SDA Option 2 -- Portable Sweep Transmitter ........357 SDA Option 3 -- PathTrak ..............357 SDA Option 4 -- QAM ................358 Appendix D User and Error Messages...
  • Page 22 Preface The Stealth Digital Analyzer (SDA) is the new base platform for Acterna’s family of signal analysis and sweep meters. This manual will guide you through the theory and operation of the SDA headend and field units, providing in-depth, step-by-step configuration, operation, and feature descriptions.
  • Page 23 Preface: About the Manual Chapter 4, "Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000," begins with coverage of test point compensation and how to configure your SDA-5000. Sweep configuration is covered in detail, after which you learn how to connect to amplifier test points and how to conduct forward, reverse, sweepless, and loopback sweeps.
  • Page 24 Preface: About the Manual Section III Headend Units Chapter 13, "Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and SDA- 5510," describes the user interface and basic modes of operation for the SDA headend units (SDA-5500 and SDA-5510). You also learn basic configuration procedures and what you need to print files and screen shots.
  • Page 25 Preface: About the Manual Additional, important information appears throughout the manual in the form of Tips, Notes, Cautions, and See Also references: NOTE: Notes provide additional information related to the text. They are designed to increase your understanding of the subject matter. TIP: Tips suggest an action (an alternative method or shortcut) you can perform to help make the related procedure easier or quicker.

  • Page 26: Introduction

    • Perform tests without interfering with CATV subscribers' service • Evaluate system performance precisely and diagnose and eliminate problems quickly to maintain quality operation of your CATV system equipment. Acterna’s Stealth Sweep System consists of at least two major components: a headend transmitter and a field receiver.

  • Page 27: Field Unit

    (SDA-5500 or SDA-5510) and in the field (SDA- 5000). Field Unit In one lightweight package, the SDA-5000 is a powerful multipurpose troubleshooting assistant: • A multipurpose forward and reverse sweep tool • An advanced field spectrum analyzer that can measure ingress and noise to 5 microsecond bursts •...

  • Page 28: Quickly Find Entry Points For Ingress And Noise

    These features address advanced services such as Internet, IP telephony, digital video, QAM analysis, and DVB. Acterna offers current Stealth customers upgrade paths for units already purchased. Quickly find entry points for ingress and noise •...

  • Page 29: Pinpoint Return Path Problems By Analyzing Digital Return Path Signals At Any Point In The Field

    • Compensate for test point loss in complex two-way amps using improved, informative displays The SDA-5000 field meter also offers interoperability with Acterna’s PathTrak Performance Monitoring System. Interoperability is an exciting feature that enables you to solve return path ingress problems more effectively.

  • Page 30: New Features And Benefits Of The Sda-5000

    The SDA-5500 performs essential cable TV system preventive maintenance tests with accuracy and ease. Signal levels, hum, C/N, and, in tandem with the SDA-5000, frequency response, can be quickly tested without interfering with subscribers’ service. The Sweep System is made up of two components: the field unit (SDA- 5000), and one or both of the headend units (SDA-5500 and SDA-5510).

  • Page 31: New Features And Benefits Of The Sda-5500

    The SDA Family: Headend Units (SDA-5500 and SDA-5510) areas. In addition to generating the sweep test signal, the SDA-5500 continuously monitors the system carriers. It sends headend level readings to the field receiver with every sweep update. In this way, any headend level changes are compensated for by the receiver, maintaining measurement accuracy.

  • Page 32: Reverse Sweep Alignment

    Reverse signal levels, hum, C/N, and frequency response can be quickly tested without subscriber interference. OPTIONS The SDA-5000 can be equipped with several options that extend and enhance its operation. • SDA-OPT1: Reverse Sweep Receiver •...
  • Page 33 The SDA Family: Options • SDA-OPT4B: 64/256 QAM, DVS-031, ITU-T J.83 Annex B • SDA-OPT5: 75 Ohm BNC Connector option • SDA-OPT6: Portable Reverse Sweep Manager The following optional accessories are available: • SDA-CASE1: Replacement soft carrying case for units without the QAM View option installed •...

  • Page 34: Introduction

    Description and Basic Operation INTRODUCTION This chapter introduces you to the SDA-5000. The user interface is covered first, beginning with the redesigned Navigator menu, followed by an explanation of the buttons and keys on the front panel. Covered next are the unit’s operational modes, including level measurements, sweep, proof-of-...

  • Page 35: User Interface Elements

    Description and Basic Operation: User Interface Elements USER INTERFACE ELEMENTS The SDA-5000 has two primary user interface elements, the Navigator (shown in Fig. 2-1), and the traditional key controls (shown in Fig. 2-2). The Navigator Interface The Navigator is an easy to use self-guided graphical user interface. It can be displayed at any time by pressing the Nav support key (see Fig.

  • Page 36: Navigator Tabs And Icons

    Description and Basic Operation: User Interface Elements Fig. 2-1 The SDA-5000 Navigator Interface Showing the Files and Configure Tab NOTE: If you’re having trouble reading the screen, there are two adjustments you can make: • Adjust screen contrast by pressing the Function key (the green key in the lower right corner of the unit), then the 9 yz key to call up the contrast slider.
  • Page 37 Description and Basic Operation: User Interface Elements Files and Configure tab RF Measure tab Config ..page 22 Level....page 110 Testpoint ..page 60 Tilt....page 112 View ..... page 200 Scan ....page 115 Info....page 32 C/N ....page 119 Hum....page 124 Mod ....page 126 Auto Test ..page 184 Loopback..page 93...

  • Page 38: Key Controls

    Enter Key Function Key Power On/Off Fig. 2-2 The SDA-5000 Key Controls Key Controls There are five groups of keys that control the SDA field units (see Fig. 2-2): • Eight soft keys. In many cases, icons that represent soft key functions are displayed in the LCD next to the soft key.

  • Page 39: Soft Keys

    Description and Basic Operation: User Interface Elements • Three support mode keys: • Nav calls up the Navigator menu. • Test accesses the AUTOTEST top-level menu. Test • PathTrak enables PathTrak functions. (This requires that your unit has OPT3, PathTrak Field View.) •...
  • Page 40 CSO/CTB harmonic distortions (in conjunction with the designated soft key). See Also ½ Chapters 4, Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000, 6, Measuring System Performance, and 7, Spectrum Analyzer Mode, describe these modes in detail. ½ These modes are introduced in “Basic Modes of Operation,”...

  • Page 41: Alphanumeric Keypad

    Description and Basic Operation: User Interface Elements Alphanumeric Keypad The alphanumeric keypad is augmented with green icons above each key (see Fig. 2-4). The functions represented by these icons are selected or activated by first pressing the green Function key at the lower right of the keypad (see Fig.

  • Page 42: Cable Connection Ports

    SDA unit. When that is the case, the required option is indicated in parentheses next to the mode name. Level Measurement Your SDA-5000 offers several different level displays optimized for many of the day-to-day tasks of maintaining your cable system.

  • Page 43: Sweep

    Description and Basic Operation: Basic Modes of Operation LEVEL mode presents a detailed display about a single channel. Video and audio levels are displayed both in bar graph and in numeric form. The delta between audio and video level is also computed. When a digital channel is measured, DigiCheck power measurement algorithms are used to accurately read continuous digital carrier levels across the...

  • Page 44: Proof-Of-Performance Measurement Tools

    SDA family’s sweep capability. Proof-of-Performance Measurement Tools The SDA-5000 provides an extensive suite of tools for troubleshooting and for performing proof-of-performance tests. Carrier-to-noise, hum, and depth of modulation are all calculated on unscrambled analog video channels in-...
  • Page 45 The SDA-5000 also offers the capability to perform these proof-of- performance tests on an automated basis. You can perform a complete battery of tests for any or all channels in the channel plan. The meter can perform these tests immediately, or it can perform a set of tests over any set of intervals you desire.

  • Page 46: Spectrum Analysis

    Description and Basic Operation: Basic Modes of Operation Spectrum Analysis The SDA-5000 features an advanced spectrum analysis capability. This is a simple but extensive tool for tracking down hard-to-find problems in the cable network. The following list describes the features of this tool: The spectrum analyzer works over the entire 5 MHz to 1 GHz frequency range.

  • Page 47: Configuring The Sda-5000

    Description and Basic Operation: Configuring the SDA-5000 to toggle between the Local and Remote traces to compare measurement data so you can quickly determine if an ingress problem exists, and if it does, you can isolate its source. See Also ½...

  • Page 48: Global Configuration

    Description and Basic Operation: Configuring the SDA-5000 Fig. 2-6 The CONFIGURE Menu Global Configuration Selecting the GLOBAL option calls up the menu shown in Fig. 2-7. This menu contains twelve items, described in the list that follows. • Operator Name: Enter your name, which will appear in the header section of the Auto Test report (see “Auto Test Results”...
  • Page 49 Description and Basic Operation: Configuring the SDA-5000 Fig. 2-7 The GLOBAL Menu • Backlight Time-out Period: You can also conserve battery life using the screen backlight’s automatic time-out. The time-out period is programmable: Always Off, 5 sec, 10 sec, or Always On. (You can turn the backlight on or off manually at any time by pressing the Function key twice.)

  • Page 50: Measurements Configuration (Including Qam Opt4)

    Description and Basic Operation: Configuring the SDA-5000 The required serial printer configuration is as follows: • Baud rate consistent with SDA-5000 Receiver (9600 or 19.2K recommended) • 8 data bits • 1 stop bit • No parity • Flow control - hardware handshaking Printing to a parallel printer requires a serial-to-parallel converter such as the one manufactured by Black Box Corp.
  • Page 51 Description and Basic Operation: Configuring the SDA-5000 Fig. 2-8 The MEASUREMENT Menu NOTE: The Test Point Compensation item has been moved to another menu, TESTPOINT, accessible from the Navigator or by pressing the Function and 7 stu keys. • Temperature Units: Select the desired temperature units (degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit).

  • Page 52: Digital Analysis (Qam Opt4) Options

    Description and Basic Operation: Configuring the SDA-5000 the calibration, select C/N calibration and press the Enter key. To get a valid measurement, the program prompts you to be sure that no cable is connected to the RF IN connector. After the measurement is verified, press the OK soft key to perform the calibration.

  • Page 53: Sweep Configuration

    The number of options available to you changes depending on which sweep mode you select. See Also ½ Chapter 4, Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000, covers sweep configuration and operation in detail. PathTrak Configuration (OPT3) From the PATHTRAK option of the CONFIGURE main menu you can set the parameters that allow communication between Acterna’s PathTrak...

  • Page 54: Diagnostics

    Description and Basic Operation: Configuring the SDA-5000 See Also ½ Chapter 8, PathTrak Field View (OPT3), covers PathTrak configuration and operation in detail. Diagnostics From the DIAGNOSTICS menu shown in Fig. 2-9, you can reset the instrument to original factory configuration, test the LCD, or, when applicable, check the field unit’s internal transmitter functions.
  • Page 55 Description and Basic Operation: Configuring the SDA-5000 Fig. 2-10 The DISPLAY TEST Screen • Transmitter Diagnostics: Highlight this option and press the Enter key to access the internal transmitter diagnostic features shown in Fig. 2-11. Fig. 2-11 The Transmitter Diagnostics Screen •...
  • Page 56 The up and down diamond keys change the frequency in the increments established during setup. • Sweep Telemetry On/Off: When it’s turned on, the SDA-5000 will modulate the CW signal as it does the telemetry signal. • Calibrate Transmitter: To calibrate transmitter output, press the Enter key.

  • Page 57: System Information

    If your connections are correct and you still get the error screen, contact an authorized Acterna Service Center. See Also ½ Chapter 12, Maintenance, has a list of Acterna service centers worldwide. System Information You can view the system information for your unit by selecting the Info icon from the Navigator’s Files and Configure tab.

  • Page 58: Printing Measurements And Files

    This section describes the procedures for printing screens or files from your field unit. Before printing, be sure the printer is properly attached. NOTE: Interface the SDA-5000 to a PC with an SDA-to- PC cable, P/N 1217-50-0158. The SDA-to-SDA interface cable is P/N 1217-50-0149.
  • Page 59 Description and Basic Operation: Printing Measurements and Files...

  • Page 60: Introduction

    Chapter 3 Channel Plans INTRODUCTION Using a channel plan, the SDA field unit memorizes the frequencies of active channels on your system. NOTE: Separate channel plans are required for: • general measurements (tilt, level, and so on) • reverse sweep •...

  • Page 61: Channel Plan Configuration

    Channel Plans: Channel Plan Configuration CHANNEL PLAN CONFIGURATION To begin, turn the power on and go to the CONFIGURE menu, either by pressing the Nav key, selecting the Files & Configure tab, and then the Config icon, or by pressing the green Function key and then 3 ghi. Depending on your unit’s options, the CONFIGURE menu includes up to six items (see Fig.
  • Page 62 Channel Plans: Channel Plan Configuration Fig. 3-1 The CONFIGURE Menu Fig. 3-2 The CHANNEL PLAN Menu Options NOTE: If your SDA instrument does not have the QAM option (OPT4), you will not see the Edit Digital Limits. This menu item applies only to QAM signals.

  • Page 63: Setting Channel Plan Parameters

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters SETTING CHANNEL PLAN PARAMETERS To set the channel plan parameters, follow the prompts in the Edit Box and the directions in the following sections. NOTE: The Return soft key in the upper left moves the menu back one screen.

  • Page 64: Video Signal Type

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters 1. Scroll through the list to the plan you want to view, then press the Load soft key. 2. Press the Info soft key at the upper right of the display to view the CHANNEL PLAN INFO screen (see Fig. 3-4). This is a view-only screen, which displays main features of the plan specified in the top line.

  • Page 65: Channel Tuning Sequence

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters See Also ½ For more information about these signal types, see the Glossary at the end of this manual. Channel Tuning Sequence At the CHANNEL PLAN menu (Fig. 3.2), select Channel Tuning Sequence and press the Enter key. The up and down diamond keys toggle between Numeric Order and Frequency Order.
  • Page 66 Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters Fig. 3-5 The BUILD PLAN STEP 1 Screen 2. The screen prompts you to name the plan. Use the alphanumeric keys and the diamond keys to make your entry, then press the OK soft key to accept it. The screen warns you if there is already a plan with that name entered in the unit.
  • Page 67 Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters Fig. 3-6 The BUILD PLAN STEP 2 Screen 3. At the STEP 2 screen, use the up and down diamond keys to select a base channel plan to use for building the new plan. Press the OK soft key to accept your selection. The screen shown in Fig.

  • Page 68: Edit Channel Plan

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters down diamond keys to set the frequency, press the Enter key, then press the OK soft key. As the plan starts, you’ll see the basic plan information and the channels being programmed into the plan. CAUTION ! You must press the Enter key to register this frequency as the upper limit.
  • Page 69 Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters Fig. 3-8 The EDIT CHANNEL PLAN Screen The eight columns of this screen display the following information about each channel in the plan, left to right: Enabled; Type; Channel; Label; Frequency; Sweep; Tilt; Scrambled NOTE: A check mark in the left margin means that the channel is enabled;...
  • Page 70 Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters Use the left and right diamond keys, or the two arrow icons at the upper right corner, to scroll through the list of channels. Fig. 3-9 The EDIT CHANNEL Screen NOTE: If you want to configure a digital carrier in your channel plan, follow the instructions in the section “Configuring a Digital Carrier”...

  • Page 71: Editable Parameters

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters Editable Parameters • Enabled: This enables the instrument to monitor the channel. Select Yes or No. If the channel is not enabled it will not be included in any measurement mode. At least one channel must be enabled. •...
  • Page 72 Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters Table 3-1 Carrier Types and Parameters Video + Sweep Digital Dual Single Video Digital Insertion Carrier Audio Carrier Channel Stream Point (DIGI) Channels (SNGL) (TV) (QAM) (SWP) (DUAL) ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Enabled ✔...
  • Page 73 Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters • Channel Number: This is the channel number of the carrier. Change the channel number by pressing the Enter soft key and using the numeric keypad or the up and down diamond keys. Press the Enter soft key to save the entry.

  • Page 74: Configuring A Digital Carrier

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters TIP: To increase sweep speeds, a stable audio carrier can be used as a sweep point. Sweeping and measuring a scrambled channel is slower than an unscrambled channel. Add a “SINGLE” type channel at the frequency of the audio carrier and enable this channel for sweep.

  • Page 75: Configuring For Inverted Spectrum

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters the digital channel’s bandwidth, and changes the Measurement BW setting appropriately. If you change from a DIGI or QAM channel to a TV type, the units also adjusts these settings for you. From the EDIT CHANNEL PLAN screen (Fig. 3-8), select the channel that you are going to configure as digital, then press the Edit Channel soft key or the Enter keypad key.

  • Page 76: Configuring A Qam Digital Stream Channel

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters selecting the unit’s default setting for Inverted Spectrum, which is simply “Yes” or “No”. • For example, when you select the NCTA channel plan, the SDA defaults to Annex B and defaults to “No” regarding Inverted Spectrum because the occurrence of spectrum inversion is not anticipated.

  • Page 77: Inverted Spectrum Features

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters Press the down diamond key to highlight Standard and press Enter to edit the current selection. Use the down diamond key to select the appropriate Signal Standard and press Enter. Fig. 3-11 EDIT CHANNEL Menu Screen (Inverted Spectrum) To edit other channel parameters on the menu as necessary (such as Frequency, Channel Number, Label, Sweep Channel, Symbol Rate, and Noise Offset) follow the same process: Press the down diamond...

  • Page 78: Delete Unused Channels

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters • When copying channel plans from unit to unit: • If both units have the current firmware, all of the channel plan information, including Inverted Spectrum, is maintained. • If the unit sending the channel plan is older than SDA v2.5 (no Inverted Spectrum option), the Inverted Spectrum setting for all QAM channels will be defaulted to “No”.
  • Page 79 Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters 1. Select Specify Auto Measurements from the CHANNEL PLAN menu and press the Continue soft key. The screen shown in Fig. 3-12, AUTO MEASUREMENTS, appears. Fig. 3-12 The Auto Measurements Screen 2. Use the up and down diamond keys to scroll through the listed channels.

  • Page 80: Edit Limits

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters CAUTION ! Units cannot be changed after the Auto Test has been completed! Edit Limits Use the Edit Limits option of the CHANNEL PLAN menu to establish standards to be incorporated into an Auto Test. As the Auto Test measurements are running, the program compares measured values to the limits you set for Video Level, Level Delta values, Digital Level, and Max 24- hour Level deviation.

  • Page 81: Edit Digital Limits

    Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters NOTE: You can use the Factory icon soft key at the upper right of the screen to set FCC (US) recommended default values automatically. NOTE: You cannot use the Factory icon to set FCC recommended values when you’re setting Digital Limits.

  • Page 82: Copy Remote Plan

    Confirm that each unit’s baud setting is the same. Although the default is 9600, Acterna recommends a baud of 19.2k for copying plans. Then connect a cable between the serial ports of two meters (this is a special cable from Acterna).
  • Page 83 Channel Plans: Setting Channel Plan Parameters...

  • Page 84: Field Sweeping With The Sda

    Configuring your receiver for sweep is covered next, after which you learn about connecting the SDA-5000 to test points and how to perform forward and reverse sweeps in the field. Finally, Sweepless and Loopback sweeping are discussed.

  • Page 85: Test Point Compensation Configuration

    Test point compensation allows the SDA-5000 to show actual levels in the cable network, even though some losses exist between the meter and the network lines.
  • Page 86 Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Test Point Compensation Use the top right-hand soft key to toggle between forward and reverse test point displays. Use the top left-hand soft key to return to the previous screen. Use the bottom right-hand soft key to enter the current value from the Edit Box into the test point loss table.
  • Page 87 Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Test Point Compensation Press this soft key to call up the TESTPOINT INFO screen shown in Fig. 4-4. This screen provides information for telemetry and sweep about transmitted output levels, total losses, and actual and desired levels and the delta between them.
  • Page 88 This value would be entered in the top data box in the display. In this configuration, a splitter would be required to combine the two output ports of the SDA-5000. This would be entered as 3.5dB of loss in the external entry for both forward and reverse test point compensation.

  • Page 89: Sweep Receiver Configuration

    47dBmV to keep the system levels close to the same. SWEEP RECEIVER CONFIGURATION This section covers the configuration for sweeping, and presents details of using the various controls and indicators provided by the SDA-5000 to improve your efficiency. Sweep Configuration...
  • Page 90 Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Sweep Receiver Configuration COMPATIBLE), Loopback, or Sweepless sweep modes. The number of options available to you changes depending on which sweep mode you select. Table 4-1, “Sweep Options,” lists your choices. he Edit Box is...
  • Page 91 Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Sweep Receiver Configuration Table 4-1 Sweep Options Transmit Stealth Transmit (SDA Loopback Stealth (SDA Sweepless (OPT2) Compatible) (OPT2) Compatible) (OPT2) Sweep Mode Sweep Mode Sweep Mode Sweep Mode Sweep Mode Sweep Mode Sweep Limit Sweep Limit...

  • Page 92: Sweep Menu Options

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Sweep Receiver Configuration SWEEP Menu Options • Sweep Mode: Use the up and down diamond keys to select Stealth, Stealth (SDA COMPATIBLE), Transmit, Transmit (SDA COMPATIBLE), Loopback, or Sweepless. Table 4-1 lists the range of choices in each mode for each of the SDA options.
  • Page 93 SDA-5510. • Sweep Direction (Stealth and SDA Compatible Stealth modes only): There are two possible sweep directions on SDA-5000 field units with the reverse sweep option (OPT1): Forward and Reverse. Use the Edit Box to select the direction desired, and then press the Enter key.
  • Page 94 From this screen you can set test point losses and the reverse telemetry and reverse sweep insertion levels. • The reverse telemetry level is the level of the carrier that the SDA-5000 uses to transmit telemetry data. Use the Edit Box to set the Reverse Telemetry Level to an appropriate value.

  • Page 95: Considerations For Sweep In The Field

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field stored response during viewing. Use the up and down diamond keys to enable the option. • Include Audio Carriers (Transmit (OPT2) and Sweepless modes only): This selection allows the audio carriers to be excluded, resulting in a faster sweep.

  • Page 96: Signal Level Considerations

    Signal Level Considerations At amplifier test points, the same basic connection and signal level rules apply to the SDA-5000 as apply to the headend unit. Too much signal level on the input of the unit can cause inconsistent sweep readings. The forward telemetry level should be 0dBmV±12dB at the input of the SDA-5000.

  • Page 97: Wiring And Levels: Reverse Sweep (Sda-5000 Opt1)

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Wiring and Levels: Reverse Sweep (SDA-5000 OPT1) You can use several connection methods for reverse sweep, depending on system engineering methods and equipment. • Split band networks: Most networks are split band network...
  • Page 98 Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field problem, but an artifact of the type of test point used and impedance mismatches in the network. If the video carriers at the forward test point are above +20dBmV, then use a pad to drop the levels.

  • Page 99: Sweep Setup

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Forward Path Lines SDA-5500 Reverse Path Lines SDA-5510 SDA-5000 Note: Pads may be omitted if not required for proper levels. Reverse path ALC must be turned off. Fig. 4-9 Dual Cable Network Test Setup The same information about levels and directional test points apply to a dual cable network as to a split band network.

  • Page 100: Reverse Sweep Operation

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Reverse Sweep Operation: • Select Single User for operation with an SDA-5500. • Select Multiple Users for operation with an SDA-5510. Reverse Telemetry Level: This should be calculated by the system engineer and set before you start sweep testing.

  • Page 101: Soft Key Icons

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field The vertical light bar just above REF at the top of the graph blinks on and off with each trace refresh. The ref level in dB appears in the left top of the graph.

  • Page 102: Forward Sweep Screens

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Fig. 4-10 The SWEEP Screen NOTE: Most of the displays in this section use these same icons and submenus. The text explains how to use the new ones as they appear.
  • Page 103 Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field When the lower Start Frequency icon is highlighted, set the lower frequency limit. Press the Enter key to begin, then use the up or down diamond keys, or the numeric keypad, to enter the frequency, and then press Enter again.

  • Page 104: Level Screen

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Level Screen You can set the reference levels from the screen shown in Fig. 4-12, or you can use the diamond keys. Call up the level screen from the SWEEP screen (Fig. 4-10) by pressing the soft key above the Frequency Submenu icon.

  • Page 105: Limit Screen

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Limit Screen The screen shown in Fig. 4-13 is where you set the value for n in the equation n/10+x, and set the Limit in dB. NOTE: You set the x in n/10+x from the main SWEEP menu’s Sweep Limit Variable option.

  • Page 106: Tilt Screen

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Press the Enable/Disable icon to turn the limit on or off. Notice LIMIT box immediately to the left of the LIMIT icon under the lower right corner of the graph.

  • Page 107: Reverse Sweep Operation (Sda-5000 Opt1)

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Tilt compensation is displayed here Fig. 4-14: The SWEEP Tilt Screen Reverse Sweep Operation (SDA-5000 OPT1) Sweeping the reverse path is a little different from sweeping the forward path. Because the system is designed with appropriate spacing for the forward high frequency range, the reverse path might not require amplification at each station.

  • Page 108: Reverse Sweep

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field the headend (SDA-5500 and/or SDA-5510) and in the field (SDA-5000). See Also ½ Chapter 14, “SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Considerations,” goes into more detail about the concept of reverse sweeping. ½ “Reverse Sweep and Balance” in Appendix A provides more information about reverse sweep setup, operation, troubleshooting, and tips &...

  • Page 109: Setting The Sweep Direction

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field See Also ½ “Test Point Compensation Configuration” provides an example of test point loss calculation (page 60). CAUTION ! Setting the correct reverse sweep signal level is critical to achieving accurate results without creating interference for reverse path services.

  • Page 110: Reverse Sweep Screens

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field This icon shows whether the unit is Sweep or Noise enabled Sweep direction is indicated here Fig. 4-15 Reverse SWEEP Screen Notice the small icon at the upper right corner of the graph. This icon shows whether the unit is Sweep or Noise enabled.

  • Page 111: Reverse Frequency Screen

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Reverse Frequency Screen From the Frequency screen you can set the start and stop reverse frequencies (see Fig. 4-16). Fig. 4-16 The Reverse SWEEP Frequency Screen Call up the frequency screen from the SWEEP screen by pressing the soft key in the lower left corner.

  • Page 112: Reverse Noise Screen

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Call up the level screen from the SWEEP screen (Fig. 4-10) by pressing the soft key above the Frequency Submenu icon. Press the soft key next to the Reference Level icon on the right side of the display for manual reference level adjustment.

  • Page 113: Reverse Noise Level Screen

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field The display will change to a noise response indicating the noise level at the marker frequencies. See Also ½ For more information, see “The Noise Mode” in Appendix A (page 331).

  • Page 114: Reverse Noise Frequency Screen

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field the level, and then press Enter. Note the changes in the graph as you adjust the values. Fig. 4-19 The Reverse SWEEP Noise Level Screen Press the Autoscale soft key to auto reference the level. This automatically sets the scale to a convenient level for optimum viewing in the center of the screen.

  • Page 115: Reverse Amplifier Alignment Screens

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field and down diamond keys. Save your setting by pressing the Enter key. Fig. 4-20 The Reverse SWEEP Noise Frequency Screen You can return to values previously set with the icon in the lower right of the display.

  • Page 116: Rev Alignment Level Screen

    Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Considerations for Sweep in the Field Use the LO soft key to set the low frequency for tilt/gain to the current marker. Use the HI soft key to set the high frequency for tilt/gain to the current marker.

  • Page 117: Sweepless Sweep

    SWEEPLESS SWEEP Sweepless sweep allows you to get sweep information even if no transmitter is available. In Sweepless sweep, the SDA-5000 measures the stable carrier levels and memorizes them. You can then compare these levels with the levels of the same carriers at a different point in the network, and the differences in frequency response can be highlighted.

  • Page 118: Loopback Sweep (Opt2)

    Also, you won’t see a frequency response where there are no carriers. LOOPBACK SWEEP (OPT2) Loopback sweep is a new feature of the SDA-5000 with OPT2 (transmit). With Loopback testing, you can perform a rough frequency response, gain, and loss test on active and passive devices in the field. It can be used for amplifier pre-alignment and for testing amplifiers in isolation from the rest of the system.
  • Page 119 Field Sweeping with the SDA-5000: Loopback Sweep (OPT2) Fig. 4-23 The Loopback SWEEP Screen The title of the current Loopback sweep reference is at the bottom right of the screen. If no sweep reference is selected, this will read NONE. If a previously stored reference is selected, all levels are displayed in dB.

  • Page 120: Introduction

    SDA-5000. For future application notes outlining more techniques, please see your local Acterna CATV sales representative. Table 5-1 offers some ideas on the best application of the SDA-5000’s capabilities to help you troubleshoot reverse path problems. Table 5-1 Troubleshooting Reverse Path Problems...

  • Page 121: Problems In Advanced Services

    Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Problems in Advanced Services PROBLEMS IN ADVANCED SERVICES For two-way systems, ingress and noise are far greater problems in the reverse path than they are in the forward path. The reasons— accumulation of noise, many diverse ingress sources, random noise, physical plant problems, and CSO intermodulation—are fairly common: •...
  • Page 122 Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Problems in Advanced Services F i b e r Fig. 5-2 Customers Affected by a Return Path Ingress Source To see how this affects noise floors, think about how much of the network can inject noise that affects a given customer. For forward path signals, the only potential problem areas are the direct path from the customer’s home to the headend.

  • Page 123: Problems In Troubleshooting The Reverse Path

    Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Problems in Advanced Services • CSO (Composite Second Order) Intermodulation: A clustering of second-order beats in the video bandwidth can cause distortion in the system. Problems in Troubleshooting the Reverse Path Troubleshooting noise in the reverse path is more complex than it is in the forward path, and can require far more time and energy to correct, as well as being much more frustrating.

  • Page 124: Tools For Combating Reverse Ingress

    • Using the SDA-5000 means you have fewer things to carry, which in turn means less work. Long battery life means fewer trips back to the headend or truck for a new battery.

  • Page 125: Cpd (Common Path Distortion) Analysis

    Reverse Path Troubleshooting: CPD (Common Path Distortion) Analysis CPD (COMMON PATH DISTORTION) ANALYSIS CPD (Common Path Distortion) is a form of intermodulation distortion that occurs as the RF spectrum is mixed as it passes through a non-linear junction. This phenomenon results in beat products that appear in the reverse spectrum and impair communication.

  • Page 126: Recommended Setup For Cpd Analysis

    Reverse Path Troubleshooting: CPD (Common Path Distortion) Analysis Technicians need to be able to associate seemingly “unconnected” symptoms. For example, someone notices a minor amount of hum in the picture of a customer; two blocks away error rates start going up on a data modem or DMX box.

  • Page 127: Evaluating Tdma Return Path Signals

    Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals likelihood of this occurring, the transmitter should be configured such that the video signal input level is at approximately 0 dBmV. In the event that instrument related intermodulation occurs, the reverse channel plan may be set up such that the frequencies at which the intermod products appear are not included.

  • Page 128: Variable Time Slot Tdma

    Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals quadrature modulation are used to increase the available modulation bandwidth so that a TDMA cell-phone sends the same information in one- third the time of an AMPS cell-phone. Through time-interleaving, three cell- phones now occupy the same frequency bandwidth that one occupied just a few years ago.

  • Page 129: Troubleshooting Tdma

    Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals Troubleshooting TDMA Current reverse path troubleshooting strategies are not capable of detecting problems inside of a TDMA modem’s frequency allocation. While checking the level at each frequency is a good start for characterizing the reverse path performance, a spectrum graph only looks at each frequency for a small percentage of the total time.
  • Page 130 Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals viewing TDMA signals. This will allow the capture of the TDMA events for analysis. Zero Span mode shows a number of parameters from a TDMA signal, including the power of the carrier, the noise floor, and interference. Fig. 5-5 shows the Zero Span display of a TDMA signal with an ideal noise floor.
  • Page 131 Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals Fig. 5-6 Signal with High Noise Floor in Zero Span Intermittent ingress along with the TDMA signal is a pesky problem when troubleshooting return path issues. This is a hit-or-miss game. With a spectrum graph you are completely at the mercy of luck.
  • Page 132 Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals Fig. 5-7 Time Domain Signal with Intermittent Ingress in Zero Span Looking at TDMA signals can be confusing. Implementing return path modem is necessary to keep current customers and attract new revenue. Viewing the reverse path in a spectrum graph can give you a good idea of overall system health.
  • Page 133 Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals References Cable Television Laboratories, “Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification”, SP-RFI-102-971008, Interim Specification, 1997. Cable Television Laboratories, “Characterization of Upstream Transient Impairments on Cable Television Systems”, February 12, 1997. Kevin J. Oliver, “Preventing Ingress in the Return Path”, CED Magazine, Oct.

  • Page 134: Introduction

    Chapter 6 Measuring System Performance INTRODUCTION This chapter explains how to evaluate system performance by measuring key parameters, both as part of routine monitoring and corrective maintenance. Operations covered include performing Level, Tilt, Scan, Carrier-to-Noise ratio (C/N), Hum, Modulation-Demodulation, Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB) measurements.

  • Page 135: Measuring Signal Levels

    Measuring System Performance: Measuring Signal Levels MEASURING SIGNAL LEVELS You measure signal levels in the Level, Tilt, and Scan modes. In Level and Scan, the process measures the difference between video and audio for a channel and displays the difference in dB. In Tilt mode, the difference, or tilt, refers to the difference in dB between the upper and lower pilot channels.
  • Page 136 Measuring System Performance: Measuring Signal Levels Fig. 6-1 The LEVEL Measurement Mode Screen The following information is displayed in the Level measurement mode screen (numbers correspond to callouts in Fig. 6-1): Channel number or frequency Channel label, video carrier frequency, and level dBmV (or dBuV— this is a configuration parameter) Audio carrier frequency in MHz and level Delta between audio and video levels (dB)

  • Page 137: Tilt Measurements

    Measuring System Performance: Measuring Signal Levels Fig. 6-2 LEVEL Mode Display, Specific Frequency Only Note that dual audio carrier channels display two audio graphs. Scrambled channels have the same appearance as non-scrambled channels (but with a different icon—see page 46 for a list of channel type icons).

  • Page 138: Tilt Compensation

    You can turn Tilt compensation on or off in the TILT submenu. The SDA-5000 enables you to designate up to nine Tilt channels. See Also ½ "Edit Channel Plan" in Chapter 3 explains how to designate Tilt channels (page 43).

  • Page 139: Balancing Amplifiers

    Measuring System Performance: Measuring Signal Levels The Tilt adjustment uses amplifier gain to compensate for the attenuation of signals moving through the cable. Higher frequencies are attenuated more than lower frequencies. This accounts for the slope of the line in Fig. 6-3. Tilt mode simplifies the actual balancing by displaying a bar graph with a representation of up to nine video carrier levels.

  • Page 140: Scan Measurements

    Scan Measurements The Scan measurement mode displays the absolute carrier levels across part or all of the CATV spectrum. The SDA-5000 displays a bar graph showing the video and audio levels of carriers within the span of selected frequencies. The narrow vertical marker designates levels of the carrier being measured.

  • Page 141: Scan Rates

    Measuring System Performance: Measuring Signal Levels Scan Rates Two scan rates can be selected in Scan mode, normal and fast. Select Scan Rate in the MEASUREMENT menu (from the Global Configuration menu). The fast scan feature allows for rapid scan displays, at reduced accuracy (as much as 2 dB on scrambled channels.) Normal scan rate is slower, but is much more accurate.

  • Page 142: Level Submenu

    Measuring System Performance: Measuring Signal Levels • If Tilt compensation is on, you will see a small version of the tilt icon at in the top center of the screen, and at the bottom-center of the screen, the Tilt compensation value. •...

  • Page 143: Tilt Submenu

    Measuring System Performance: Measuring Signal Levels Pressing this resets the start and stop frequencies to full span. Press this to zoom to values previously set. TILT Submenu Press to bring up the TILT submenu, then to return to the main SCAN screen Press to turn Tilt compensation on or off.

  • Page 144: Carrier-To-Noise Measurements

    CARRIER-TO-NOISE MEASUREMENTS Although it’s not necessary, it is good CATV engineering practice to use a band pass filter on the input of the SDA-5000 when making C/N measurements. This ensures accuracy and extends measurement range. If a preamplifier is used to boost test point levels prior to measurement, it should be placed between the band pass filter and the SDA unit.
  • Page 145 C/N ratio is computed. CAUTION ! If you select C/N mode before a carrier is available at the input of the SDA-5000, the readings will be wrong. If this occurs, change to another mode or channel and then return to the channel you want. Also, be sure you wait long enough for the C/N calibration to finish to be sure you have accurate readings.

  • Page 146: Modem Carrier-To-Noise Measurements

    Measuring System Performance: Modem Carrier-to-Noise Measurements Enter the BANDWIDTH submenu; return to C/N main menu. Enable or disable 13 dB amplifier Enable or disable 50 MHz low-pass filter (icon shows disabled) Fig. 6-6 Carrier-to-Noise Measurement NOTE: The US FCC specification for C/N measurements is a bandwidth of 4.000 MHz.

  • Page 147: Why Measure Cable Modem C/N

    (versus the standard frequency domain mode). To overcome the confusing test equipment set-up process, Acterna has introduced a new instrument feature that allows technicians at all skill levels to perform accurate return-path cable modem C/N measurements.
  • Page 148 Measuring System Performance: Modem Carrier-to-Noise Measurements Bandwidth. If any of these parameters change, the measurement cycle will start over from the beginning, so it is not necessary to force the unit to re- start its measurement manually. To keep the display free from clutter, not all measured values are displayed: Only the average power of each signal detected is displayed.

  • Page 149: Hum Measurements

    Measuring System Performance: Hum Measurements marker so that it is more convenient for the user to select the desired (example: worst case) noise floor level. The reset soft key will cause the measurement to recycle. This action is desired if the same input has been monitored for a long period of time, and the user wants to monitor the input to catch ingress.
  • Page 150 A proprietary DSP technique enables hum measurements, in-service, on modulated carriers (non-scrambled channels). The SDA-5000 can measure the 1 Hz hum component. To activate this feature, set the fundamental hum frequency in the MEASUREMENT screen to 1 Hz. The filter options on the Hum display will then become 1 Hz, <50 Hz, and <1 kHz.

  • Page 151: Modulation Measurements

    Measuring System Performance: Modulation Measurements MODULATION MEASUREMENTS The MODULATION screen allows you to monitor the video depth of modulation in graphical and precise numerical format. The software shows a marker at the optimal modulation level (NTSC 87.5%, PAL 90%) to assist you in making adjustments.
  • Page 152 Measuring System Performance: Modulation Measurements Fig. 6-10 The MODULATION Audio Menu Use icons from the Audio screen as follows: Enter the Amplifier/Low-Pass submenu and return to the main Audio sub-menu when appropriate. Enable or disable 13 dB amplifier Enable or disable 50 MHz low-pass filter (icon shows disabled) Increase speaker volume Decrease speaker volume...

  • Page 153: Cso/Cbt Measurements

    In Spect mode, press the CSO/CTB soft key to initiate CSO/CTB measurements. The SDA-5000 first switches to a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth (see Fig. 6-11), measures the carrier, and then prompts you to turn the carrier off. The signal must be unmodulated.
  • Page 154 Measuring System Performance: CSO/CBT Measurements After a brief interval, the screen shown in Fig. 6-12 appears, showing the measurement traces. Fig. 6-12 CSO/CTB, Carrier OFF The light trace represents the carrier prior to its being turned off. The dark trace represents the distortion products. The measurement value is computed by the ratio of the peak level of the video carrier to the peak of the distortion products of the second and third order beats.
  • Page 155 Using the up and down diamond keys, select the CSO Offset number to change. Use the numeric entry keys or the up and down diamond keys to enter a new CSO Offset value. Upon exiting the CSO/CTB measurement, the SDA-5000 prompts you to turn the carrier back on.

  • Page 156: Introduction

    Chapter 7 Spectrum Analyzer Mode INTRODUCTION In the Spectrum Analyzer mode, the instrument displays all or part of the CATV system spectrum, with variable spans from 3 to 50 MHz. A dynamic range better than 60 dB over the six vertical subdivisions of the display graph allows for comprehensive troubleshooting utility.
  • Page 157 Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation Fig. 7-1 The SPECTRUM Mode Main Screen Below are the primary functions of the soft keys in the SPECTRUM screen. Notice that the Ref Level in dBmV and Scale Factor in dB/div are always displayed at the top of the graph.
  • Page 158 Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation This mode guides the user through the measurement of Composite Second Order and Composite Triple Beat products. Fig. 7-2 shows the instrument’s capability as spectrum analyzer. The full range is 5 MHz to 1,000 MHz, with a span of ± 1.5, 2.5, 5, 10, or 25 MHz around the specified center frequency.

  • Page 159: Level Submenu

    Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation LEVEL Submenu Press this to enter the LEVEL submenu, then to return to the main menu. Use the Level soft key to adjust the vertical parameters of the graph. These parameters include the following: The reference level is located at the top of the screen.

  • Page 160: Amplifier Submenu

    Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation Selects trace Dwell-Time (the time that the instrument looks for signal on each frequency). Longer dwell-time enables you to check for transient ingress. Use either the numeric keypad, the Enter key, or the up and down diamond keys to adjust this value from 64 µSec to 25 mSec.

  • Page 161: Zero Span Submenu

    Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation Fig. 7-3 The Spectrum Analyzer ZERO SPAN Screen ZERO SPAN Submenu Press this to enter the ZERO SPAN submenu. In Zero Span mode, the instrument displays the trace of one discrete frequency over time. Sweep time is on the x-axis, and amplitude (dBmV) is on the y-axis.

  • Page 162: Amplifier/Low-Pass Filter Submenu

    Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation Press to enter the TIMEBASE submenu, then to return to ZERO SPAN main menu. Use the up and down diamond keys to scroll through sweep times offered in the Edit Box, and to turn the auto sweep trigger on or off.

  • Page 163: Timebase Submenu

    Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation TIMEBASE Submenu Press the Timebase soft key to enter the TIMEBASE submenu. Press this soft key to set sweep time. Increments are entered using the up and down diamond keys. Options include • 20, 10, 05, 02, 01 seconds •...

  • Page 164: Bandwidth Submenu

    Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation BANDWIDTH Submenu Press to set Resolution Bandwidth at values of 30 kHz, 280 kHz, or 2 MHz. A value of 280 kHz is used as the nominal value. When carrier spacing is very narrow or very wide, 30 kHz or 2 MHz, respectively, may be used.
  • Page 165 Spectrum Analyzer Mode: Spectrum Mode Operation...

  • Page 166: Introduction

    Chapter 8 PathTrak Field View (OPT3) INTRODUCTION PathTrak mode operation is available only if your unit has OPT3, Field View. The PathTrak mode provides increased troubleshooting accuracy by allowing the technician to compare spectrum measurements at the node with the current conditions at the headend. In the PathTrak mode, the SDA- 5000 field receiver displays all or part of the return path spectrum in the 5MHz to 65MHZ range.

  • Page 167: Pathtrak Mode Operation

    PathTrak Field View (OPT3): PathTrak Mode Operation Fig. 8-1 The PATHTRAK Configuration Screen To get to the PATHTRAK configuration screen, select the PATHTRAK option from the main CONFIGURE menu. • Telemetry Frequency: Select this option from the PATHTRAK configuration screen. A telemetry carrier is used to transmit data from the PathTrak Headend Stealth Modem to the field unit.
  • Page 168 Remote trace displays the spectrum taken at the PathTrak System (See Figures 8-2 and 8-3). The SDA-5000 field receiver displays the spectrum of any node that is currently monitored by the PathTrak System and that is selected for broadcast.

  • Page 169: Amplifier/Low-Pass Filter Submenu

    PathTrak Field View (OPT3): PathTrak Mode Operation Fig. 8-3 PathTrak Mode – Remote Trace The following sections describe the functions of the soft keys available in the PathTrak mode. AMPLIFIER/LOW-PASS FILTER Submenu Press this soft key to access the Built-in Amplifier and Low-pass Filter submenu.

  • Page 170: Level Submenu

    Node List Mode The Node List contains the current list of nodes available from the PathTrak system. The Node List can be viewed at any time; however, the SDA-5000 field receiver must be connected to the amplifier/node test point in order to update the list.
  • Page 171 PathTrak Field View (OPT3): PathTrak Mode Operation provide the PathTrak system administrator with the identification (ID) number of the requested node. The ID number is located on the bottom-left of the screen (see Fig. 8- Select the Node Toggle soft key to toggle between the Broadcast Nodes view (See Fig.

  • Page 172: Node Selection

    PathTrak Field View (OPT3): PathTrak Mode Operation Node Selection NOTE: Only Broadcast nodes can be selected for viewing. Broadcast nodes are indicated by a dot to the left of the node. Highlight the node you want to view and press this soft key. A check mark will appear next to the selected node.
  • Page 173 PathTrak Field View (OPT3): PathTrak Mode Operation...

  • Page 174: Introduction

    Chapter 9 Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4) INTRODUCTION This chapter reviews the features and operation of the SDA digital analysis option (QAM View OPT4). In addition to a Quick-Start overview, four primary operational modes are discussed, including Digital Summary, QAM Ingress, Constellation, and Equalizer.

  • Page 175: Quick Start

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Quick Start QUICK START For experienced users of the Stealth Digital Analyzer, or for users familiar with other types of digital analysis equipment, this section provides a brief overview of the functionality of the SDA’s four digital modes. Use this section to quickly begin analyzing aspects of the digital signal and refer to the sections that follow for a more detailed review of each digital mode.

  • Page 176: Correcting Signal Lock Errors

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Quick Start Fig. 9-2 Digital Measurement Mode Keys To activate DIGITAL Summary Mode, press the green Function key and then press the C/N Measurement Mode key. To activate EQUALIZER Mode, press the green Function key and then press the Hum Measurement Mode key.

  • Page 177: Qam Ingress Mode (Quick Start)

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Quick Start display shows the channel, modulation format, the symbol rate, the carrier offset (in KHz), the equalizer stress. Press this key to view the digital DETAIL display. Press this key to view the QAM Level display. QAM Ingress Mode (Quick Start) QAM INGRESS Mode provides a spectrum view of ingress noise, CSO/CTB, and other coherent (in-band) noise occurring at levels beneath...

  • Page 178: Equalizer Mode (Quick Start)

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Digital Summary Mode Press this key to Zoom-In one level on the framed quadrant. Equalizer Mode (Quick Start) The Adaptive Equalizer corrects the effects of reflections in the transmission path. The Equalizer Mode indicates the strength of specific reflections, their location in relation to the test point location, and how hard the equalizer is working to correct them.

  • Page 179: Features And Definitions

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Digital Summary Mode Features and Definitions DIGITAL Main Screen Features The DIGITAL Main Screen (see Fig. 9-3) displays the: • channel number and modulation format • Modulation Error Ratio (MER) / Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) •...

  • Page 180: Forward Error Correction (Fec)

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Digital Summary Mode of bits in the data transmission. This ratio is expressed in scientific notation, where 1e-3 equals one error in every 1000 bits transmitted. One error in every 1,000,000 bits transmitted is expressed as 1e-6. A more negative exponent value indicates a lower error rate.

  • Page 181: Equalizer Stress

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Digital Summary Mode Equalizer Stress Equalizer stress is ranked as Low, Medium, or High on the DETAIL Display. The Equalizer Mode provides more specific information about equalizer stress. Carrier Offset The Carrier Offset value shown in the digital DETAIL Display indicates how far off center (in kHz) the digital signal is from the tuned frequency of the SDA.

  • Page 182: Viewing The Detail Display

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Digital Summary Mode Connect the cable to the digital port on the unit before using any of the four digital modes. If initially unsuccessful, the following error message will appear: “ERROR … Signal Unlocked! Confirm Connection to Dig Port. Retry.” Press this soft key to retry to lock onto the QAM signal.

  • Page 183: Editing The Modulation Format

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Digital Summary Mode Fig. 9-5 QAM Level Display Press this key to return to Digital Summary Mode. Editing the Modulation Format Press this key to edit the modulation format. Changes to the modulation format should be made only when it is certain that the modulation of the digital signal is not compatible with the current setting.

  • Page 184: Editing The Symbol Rate

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Digital Summary Mode Fig. 9-6 Editing the Modulation Format Press this key to save the new modulation format to the channel plan. Press this key to return to the main Digital Summary Mode display. Editing the Symbol Rate Press this key to edit the Symbol Rate.

  • Page 185: Qam Ingress Mode

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): QAM Ingress Mode Fig. 9-7 Editing the Symbol Rate Press this key to save the symbol rate to the channel plan. Press this key to return to the main Digital Summary Mode display. QAM INGRESS MODE QAM INGRESS Mode provides a spectrum view of ingress noise, CSO/CTB, and other coherent noise occurring at levels beneath the digital signal.

  • Page 186: Basic Operation

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): QAM Ingress Mode • channel number and modulation format • graph reference and scale values • left, center, and right frequencies on the graph • two cursor frequency and level (in relation to the carrier) values •...

  • Page 187: Measuring Qam Ingress

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): QAM Ingress Mode Fig. 9-8 QAM INGRESS Main Screen The SDA will automatically attempt to lock-on to the QAM signal of the designated channel (or frequency). Lock errors may result from a variety of conditions, including improper unit configuration or cable connection. Connect the cable to the digital port on the unit before using any of the four digital modes.

  • Page 188: Editing The Modulation Format Or Symbol Rate

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): QAM Ingress Mode Measurement data is shown on two lines, A and B, below the graph. These two lines show the readings of the vertical markers on the graph. Press this key to select the active vertical marker. The dotted line is the active marker.

  • Page 189: Editing The Reference Level

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): QAM Ingress Mode These three parameters may be edited to allow different views of the QAM ingress signal on the graph. Editing the Reference Level By adjusting the reference level, the signal plot can be vertically centered on the graph to show both the noise floor and the peak of the highest amplitude.

  • Page 190: Selecting The Maximum Hold Function

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): QAM Ingress Mode Fig. 9-10 Editing the QAM Ingress Scale Parameter Press this key to return to the QAM INGRESS Main Screen. Selecting the Maximum Hold Function When this option is selected, the graph compiles successive signal plots to show variances in the signal over time.

  • Page 191: Constellation Mode

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode Fig. 9-11 Maximum Hold Function Selected Press this key to return to the QAM INGRESS Main Screen. CONSTELLATION MODE CONSTELLATION Mode shows a picture of the quality of the demodulated digital signal prior to error correction. Identifying a specific constellation pattern on the grid and associating this pattern with a specific type of impairment quickly leads to troubleshooting options that minimize or eliminate the impairment.

  • Page 192: Common Impairment Types

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode Common Impairment Types Figures 9-12 through 9-14 show constellation displays depicting three common impairments – thermal (system) noise, phase noise, and coherent interference. Gain compression and I/Q imbalance (not shown here) are examples of two other impairment types with specific graphic signatures. Thermal noise impairments cause the dots on the graph to spread out toward the grid lines (decision boundaries), indicating significant errors (see Fig.
  • Page 193 Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode Fig. 9-13 Phase Noise Impairment Coherent interference impairments -- such as CTB, CSO, and spurs -- cause the dots on the graph to cluster with an empty space in the middle (see Fig. 9-14). Fig.

  • Page 194: Qam Modulation And Symbol Rates

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode QAM Modulation and Symbol Rates The SDA analyzes two Quadrature Amplitude Modulation formats, 64 QAM and 256 QAM. The Symbol Rate corresponds to the size and shape (bandwidth) of the digital signal. This rate is expressed in “millions of symbols per second” (Msym/s) and may be edited in the Digital Summary Mode.

  • Page 195: Constellation Main Screen Features

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode CONSTELLATION Main Screen Features From the CONSTELLATION Main Screen (Fig. 9-15) you can • view a graphic depiction of the signal • examine MER and BER data • select closer views of the impairment •...

  • Page 196: Viewing The Qam Level Display

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode Viewing the QAM Level Display Press this key to view the QAM Level display. Fig. 9-16 QAM Level Display Press this key to return to Digital Summary Mode. Editing the Modulation Format or Symbol Rate Press this key to edit the modulation format.

  • Page 197: Using The Zoom Feature

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode Use the alphanumeric keypad to define the new symbol rate, and then press the Enter key. Edits to the symbol rate may be saved to the Channel Plan. Using the Zoom Feature Use the Zoom feature to examine the constellation in more detail. In 64 QAM, three grids are available for viewing –...
  • Page 198 Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode Fig. 9-17 64 QAM 8x8 Zoom Screen Fig. 9-18 64 QAM 4x4 Zoom Screen...

  • Page 199: Equalizer Mode

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Equalizer Mode Fig. 9-19 64 QAM 2x2 Zoom Screen EQUALIZER MODE The Adaptive Equalizer corrects the effects of reflections and “frequency tilt” in the transmission path. The Equalizer Mode indicates the strength of specific reflections, their location in relation to the test point location, and how hard the equalizer is working to correct them.

  • Page 200: Basic Operation

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Equalizer Mode A primary function of this mode is to help the user maintain low levels of equalizer stress by locating excessive equalization at specific QAM demodulator digital filter coefficients that require correction. Each vertical bar on the graph represents an equalizer filter coefficient. The highest bar represents the test point location, and the descending line to the right of this bar is the “high”...
  • Page 201 Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Equalizer Mode Fig. 9-20 EQUALIZER Main Screen The SDA will automatically attempt to lock-on to the QAM signal of the designated channel (or frequency). Lock errors may result from a variety of conditions, including improper unit configuration or cable connection. Connect the cable to the digital port on the unit before using any of the four digital modes.

  • Page 202: In-Channel Frequency Response Screen

    Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Equalizer Mode In-Channel Frequency Response Screen This screen is used to observe the signal amplitude in relation to the frequency. Use the arrow soft keys to adjust the position of the vertical markers. Press this key to select the In-Channel Frequency Response Screen (Fig.
  • Page 203 Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Equalizer Mode Fig. 9-22 In-Channel Group Delay Screen Press this key to return to the EQUALIZER Main Screen.

  • Page 204: Introduction

    Chapter 10 Automatic Test INTRODUCTION Automated tests are easy and provide a convenient way of acquiring proof- of-performance compliance data. Tests can be executed immediately or scheduled over a time period (to conserve battery life, the unit shuts itself off between scheduled intervals).

  • Page 205: Test Locations

    Automatic Test: Test Locations Enter a compensation value for local measurements. Enter a name for the results file. Select the type of test, either Immediate or Scheduled. If a Scheduled test, set the schedule. Enter the ambient temperature. While the Auto Test is in progress, the display indicates the measurement currently being performed (level, hum, modulation, etc.).

  • Page 206: Parameters And Test Location Types

    Automatic Test: Test Locations or use the SteathWare Data Analysis software and download information to the unit. In either case the Auto Test Reports include test location data. Parameters and Test Location Types Tables 10-1 and 10-2 provide information about the five types of test locations (Headend, Trunk Amp, Line Extender, Fiber Node, and Field Test), and the parameters that apply to each type.

  • Page 207: Creating And Editing Test Locations

    Automatic Test: Test Locations Table 10-2 Parameters and Test Location Types Parameter Trunk Head Extender Fiber Field ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Area ✔ ✔ ✔ Amp ID ✔ ✔ ✔ Power Configuration ✔ ✔ ✔ Feeder Maker Config ✔ ✔ ✔...

  • Page 208: Entering A New Location

    Automatic Test: Test Locations Fig. 10-2 The TEST LOCATIONS Screen Press the Step Back soft key at the upper left to return to the main AUTOTEST menu. Use the up and down diamond keys to scroll through the list and select an existing location.

  • Page 209: Performing An Auto Test

    Automatic Test: Performing an Auto Test screen shown in Fig. 10-3. If you are about to overwrite an existing location, the following warning appears: WARNING: A location with this name already exists. Overwrite? Fig. 10-3 Editing Test Location Characteristics Scroll through the list of characteristics and make any necessary adjustments.

  • Page 210: Edit Location

    Automatic Test: Performing an Auto Test information is stored in the Auto Test file along with the measurement data, and will be available during viewing and when you’re printing Auto Test results. This first screen presents you with a list of available locations. NOTE: If you are not interested in logging the information, select NONE from the list.

  • Page 211: Select Probe Point

    Automatic Test: Performing an Auto Test Location soft key (with the picture of a document going into a folder, near the top right of the screen) and enter a name for the location. When you are done editing, press OK to continue configuring the Auto Test. NOTE: The instrument reminds you when you have not stored the location.
  • Page 212 Automatic Test: Performing an Auto Test Fig. 10-6 Select Probe Points from this Screen You can log voltage measurements in the field using the MEASURE VOLTAGE screen shown in Fig. 10-7. These will appear when you’re viewing or printing the results of the Auto Test. When you have finished entering the measurements, press the OK soft key.

  • Page 213: Compensation

    Automatic Test: Performing an Auto Test Compensation Compensation is added directly to the signal level measurements. You can use this to compensate for losses associated with probe points found on certain amplifiers. The default is the value specified in the TESTPOINT screen.

  • Page 214: Type Of Test

    Automatic Test: Performing an Auto Test Fig. 10-9 The RESULTS FILE NAME Screen Type of Test Tests can be executed immediately or scheduled over a time period. You can select either by the Immediate or the Scheduled soft key. Set Schedule The screen shown in Fig.

  • Page 215: Temperature

    Automatic Test: Performing an Auto Test Fig. 10-10 The SET SCHEDULE Screen Temperature The ambient temperature at which the test is performed is recorded. The instrument contains an internal temperature sensor for this purpose. If you prefer, you can use your own thermometer and manually enter the temperature in the TEMPERATURE screen shown in Fig.

  • Page 216: Canceling An Auto Test

    Automatic Test: Auto Test Results Fig. 10-11 The TEMPERATURE Screen When you are ready to begin the test, press the OK soft key. Canceling an Auto Test While performing an Auto Test, you will not be able to select other measurement modes without first canceling the test in progress.
  • Page 217 The following is an example of a 24-Hour Test Report: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Acterna 24 HOUR TEST REPORT Model: SDA-5000 Serial No: 1234567 Cal Date: 01/07/00...
  • Page 218 Automatic Test: Auto Test Results Date: 07/04/99 07/04/99 07/05/99 07/05/99 Time: 17:00:00 23:00:00 05:00:00 11:00:00 Temp: +75 F +61 F +59 F +83 F Video Video Video Video 24 Hr Chan Carrier Level Level Level Level Deviation Type (dBmV) (dBmV) (dBmV) (dBmV) (dB)

  • Page 219: Viewing Intervals

    < UNDER - under range > OVER - over range E ERROR - synthesizer unlocked • Use the Print soft key to print out the following report: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Acterna Autotest REPORT Model: SDA-5510 Serial No: 1234567 Cal Date: 01/20/00 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Operator: JOHN...
  • Page 220 Automatic Test: Auto Test Results ------------------------------------------------------------------- Location Name: 1028_ELM_ST Location Type: Trunk Test Point Type: Forward Trunk In Test Point Compensation: +0.0 dB ------------------------------------------------------------------- Area: 00A7 Amp ID: 12-275Z Power Config: Feeder Maker Config: Trunk Termination: Voltage Setting: Reverse Pad: +0.0 dB Reverse Equalizer: +0.0 dB Forward Pad: +0.0 dB Forward Equalizer: +0.0 dB...
  • Page 221 Automatic Test: Auto Test Results...

  • Page 222: Introduction

    PC. Files loaded on a PC can be viewed, printed, and archived with the computer. Additionally, these files can be downloaded to another SDA-5000 for viewing in the field. Viewing files in the field is useful when you're comparing the past and current measurements of a given CATV system test point.

  • Page 223: Storing Files

    (such as Level mode), the instrument enters View mode to allow you to review existing files. STORING FILES The SDA-5000 enables you to store measurements made with the Scan, Spect (Spectrum Analyzer Mode), Tilt, Sweep, PathTrak, and the shifted QAM measurement mode keys.
  • Page 224 Fig. 11-1 The FILE Screen (for Sweep) • All stored files except Sweep Reference and Modem C/N files can be uploaded to Acterna’s StealthWare PC software. • Each Sweep Reference file is unique in terms of the meter used, location, and system conditions at the time of the Sweep.

  • Page 225: Viewing And Printing Files

    Files: Viewing and Printing Files VIEWING AND PRINTING FILES To view stored measurement files, press the Function and 2 def keys. The MEASUREMENT FILES screen displays a list of all currently stored measurement files (see Fig. 11-2). Use the up and down diamond keys to select a file.

  • Page 226: Sweep References

    Modem Carrier-to-Noise files NOTE: QAM constellation files can take a long time to save and to view. While saving, the SDA-5000 displays a message dialog informing you to wait until the process finishes. The unit employs a streaming file load and display.
  • Page 227 Files: Sweep References • SWPLS (Sweepless Sweep): In Sweepless Sweep, the instrument is completely passive, sweeping its receiver across the allotted spectrum. Only active carriers in the CATV system will register in the sweep. • LOOP (Loopback Sweep) (OPT2): In Loopback Sweep, the unit transmits a signal that it analyzes when it returns.

  • Page 228: Overlay Mode

    If you select an obsolete reference, a warning message appears when the program enters Sweep mode, and the default reference will be used. Acterna recommends that obsolete references be deleted to free memory for additional references and files.

  • Page 229: Selecting A Sweep File To Overlay

    Files: Overlay Mode Fig. 11-4 A Sweep Reference with a Live Sweep In the file shown above, a ‘trap’ was added after the file was stored. It is very easy to see the change caused by the trap. You can also see the location of the trap in the sweep response.
  • Page 230 Files: Overlay Mode • The names of the file being viewed and the currently selected reference appear beneath the marker information. • The Level and Frequency adjustments affect both the stored and live sweeps. • Reference Limits Checking and Test Point Compensation affect the live sweep only.
  • Page 231 Files: Overlay Mode...

  • Page 232: Maintaining Your Sda Equipment

    Chapter 12 Maintenance MAINTAINING YOUR SDA EQUIPMENT This chapter covers routine tasks that a Service Technician can perform on the SDA instruments. Visual, Physical, and Mechanical Inspection Make sure all hardware is properly installed and tightened. RF Connector Replacement The RF connector attaches the unit to the cable system, and over time this frequent usage causes wear on the connectors and they should be replaced.

  • Page 233: Battery Terminal Cleaning

    Maintenance: Maintaining Your SDA Equipment Battery Terminal Cleaning Clean the battery terminal regularly. You should examine it weekly for signs of corrosion or contamination. One acceptable method of cleaning it is to use a hard type eraser, such as one for erasing ink; do not use the soft "moldable"...

  • Page 234: Cleaning The Instrument

    WORLDWIDE SUPPORT, SALES, AND SERVICE Getting Technical Assistance If you need assistance or have questions related to the use of this product, call or email Acterna’s Technical Assistance Center for customer support Technical assistance centers Region Phone Number Hours of Operation...

  • Page 235: About Our Service

    Technical Assistance number in your region; email North American Technical Assistance Center, tac@acterna.com, or European Technical Assistance Center, eurotac@acterna.com; or submit your question using our online Technical Assistance Request form at www.acterna.com. ABOUT OUR SERVICE...

  • Page 236: Customer Service Locations

    Instrument services To maintain your organization’s long-term investment, Acterna will structure a service plan to fit your network performance goals and budget. Acterna understands the impact of equipment down time on operations and is staffed to ensure a quick turnaround. Available services include the following: Product Repair —...

  • Page 237: Test Systems Field Engineering And Installation

    Test systems field engineering and installation Acterna offers a range of support services for our centralized test systems, designed around the needs of the customer’s network. These services help preserve the investment over the life of the equipment. Available services include the following: Critical Services Program —...

  • Page 238: Technical Training

    Information regarding the specific warranty period for this product can be obtained by contacting your local Acterna Customer Service Representative, or at our web site www.acterna.com. If...
  • Page 239 (90) days for a different repair issue from date of shipment from Acterna to customer, or until the end of the Initial Warranty Period, whichever is longer. Risk of loss or damage to Product returned to Acterna for repair or replacement shall be borne by customer until delivery to Acterna.

  • Page 240: Equipment Return Instructions

    Acterna, if any, shall be performed promptly, diligently and in a professional manner in accordance with the commercial standards of the industry. Acterna shall not, however, be responsible for any delays that are not due to Acterna’s fault or negligence or that could not have reasonably been foreseen or provided against.
  • Page 241 Maintenance: About Our Service reference number on the outside of the package and ship it prepaid and insured to Acterna.

  • Page 242: Description And Basic Operation Of The Sda-5500 And

    Chapter 13 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510 INTRODUCTION This chapter explains the user interface, basic operational modes, configuration, and printing capabilities of the SDA-5500 and SDA-5510. Not all the options covered are available on both headend units. In those cases where an option is only available on a particular unit, it will be noted.

  • Page 243: Soft Keys

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: User Interface Elements • four diamond keys • sixteen numeric entry keys Soft Keys There are a total of eight soft keys, four on either side of the display (see Fig. 13-1).
  • Page 244 This mode displays a bar graph showing all carrier levels. • SWEEP (SDA-5500): Sweep mode injects a low level signal in vacant spectrum areas, and transmits telemetry to any SDA-5000 field units that are connected to the system. Cable system carrier levels in occupied spectrum areas are monitored and displayed in bar graph format.

  • Page 245: Support Mode Selection Keys

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: User Interface Elements • SPECT: Provides a Spectrum Analyzer display, and CSO/CTB measurements. Support Mode Selection Keys Support modes are accessed using the support mode selection keys. There is a key for each of the four support functions. These keys are located to the right of the display and to the left of the diamond keys.

  • Page 246: Alpha Entry Mode

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: User Interface Elements Fig. 13-3 The Alphanumeric Keys Alpha Entry Mode Most numeric keys have alphabetic characters printed on them. These characters can be accessed when the alpha entry indicator appears in the title bar.

  • Page 247: Global Configuration

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Global Configuration GLOBAL CONFIGURATION This section describes the six setup modes for the SDA-5500 and SDA-5510 accessible from the main CONFIGURE menu shown in Fig. 13-4: Global, Measurements, Channel Plan, Sweep Receiver, PathTrak, and Diagnostics. Fig.
  • Page 248 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Global Configuration Fig. 13-5 The GLOBAL Configuration Menu Operator Name: The Operator Name option allows the user to enter the operator’s name. This name will appear in the header section of the Auto Test report.
  • Page 249 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Global Configuration Date: Select this option to enter the date using the numeric entry keys. The date will be displayed in the format you select in the DATE FORMAT setup menu. Printer: The Printer option sets the printer interface to the specific type of printer used.

  • Page 250: Measurements Setup

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Global Configuration CAUTION ! Executing this function will cause all saved files, functions, and memory to be lost. Display Test: This option allows you to test the operation of the display. With this option highlighted, press the Enter key and follow the instructions displayed.
  • Page 251 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Global Configuration Fig. 13-6 The MEASUREMENTS Setup Screen Temperature Units: Use the up and down diamond keys to select the desired temperature units in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit. Signal Level Units: Select the units to be used for checking signal power levels (dBmV, dBuV, and dBm).

  • Page 252: Channel Plan Setup

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Global Configuration the OK soft key. The screen displays the noise floor, expressed in the currently selected units (e.g. dBmV). Channel Plan Setup Selecting the CHANNEL PLAN option from the CONFIGURE menu takes you to a screen where you can set nine (SDA-5510) or ten (SDA-5500) channel plan configuration options.

  • Page 253: Basic Modes Of Operation

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation • Enable live headend ingress • Reverse Telemetry Frequency • Reverse Sweep Plans See Also ½ Chapter 14, "SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration," covers these options in detail. Reverse Sweep (SDA-5510) Selecting the REVERSE SWEEP option from the main CONFIGURE menu takes you to a screen where you can select and adjust the following options: •...
  • Page 254 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation simultaneously. Alternatively, an individual carrier can be measured (as in the case for a data or pilot carrier), or the unit can be tuned to a specific frequency.

  • Page 255: Tuning By Channel Or Frequency

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Tuning by Channel or Frequency When the level mode is selected, you can tune the unit by channel or by frequency. In the channel mode, the channel and channel label will appear at the top of the display.

  • Page 256: Level Adjustments

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation • Reference level and scale • Test point compensation (appears only if a nonzero value is programmed during setup) Fig. 13-8 The TILT Measurement Screen When the TILT key is pressed the screen will automatically display up to nine video carrier levels that were defined in the EDIT CHANNEL PARAMETERS screen of the CHANNEL PLAN setup menu.

  • Page 257: Scan Mode

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Pressing the Auto Scale soft key will automatically set the reference level for an optimum Tilt display. The FCN and Scale key can also be used to automatically set the reference level.

  • Page 258: Level Adjustments

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation When the SCAN key is pressed, a graph showing all carrier levels is displayed. Use the right and left diamond keys to position the marker to the desired channel.

  • Page 259: Audio Carriers

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Audio Carriers If desired, the audio carriers can be omitted resulting in a faster scan. This feature is selected in the MEASUREMENT setup menu. An indicator appears in the upper left hand corner of the Scan screen when audio carriers are omitted.

  • Page 260: Measuring The Carrier To Noise Ratio

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation performed with each scan update. However, a Check soft key is provided to repeat the limit check whenever desired. The Limits On/Off soft key toggles the limit check feature on and off. When turned off, the limit annunciators do not appear.

  • Page 261: Bandwidth Adjustments

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Fig. 13-11 The C/N Screen To make a carrier to noise measurement, press the C/N measurement mode key. The C/N ratio of the tuned channel or frequency will be displayed. Bandwidth Adjustments To edit the bandwidth, press the BW soft key.

  • Page 262: Measuring Hum

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Measuring Hum Hum is undesirable modulation of the television video carrier by power line frequencies and harmonics (e.g., 60 or 120 Hz), or other low frequency disturbances (FCC limit: < 3%). To measure hum, simply press the Hum key when tuned to any non-scrambled channel (see Fig.

  • Page 263: Monitoring The Depth Of Modulation

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation NOTE: The <1kHz setting does not include the 1Hz component, it only includes 50 to 1000Hz. CAUTION ! Hum measurements taken while the desktop charger is in use will affect the hum reading. For the most accurate reading, disconnect the charger prior to taking hum measurements.

  • Page 264: Spectrum Analyzer Mode

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Fig. 13-14 The Audio MODULATION Screen Use the up and down diamond soft keys to adjust the volume. Spectrum Analyzer Mode The spectrum analyzer display provides a view of the system spectrum with variable spans from 50 MHz to 3 MHz and a dynamic range of better than 60 dB.

  • Page 265: Level Adjustments

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Level Adjustments A LVL (level) soft key is used to adjust the vertical parameters of the graph. These parameters include Max Hold, Ref Level and Scale. The Max Hold function ensures that the highest signal over multiple sweeps is displayed.

  • Page 266: How To Make Cso/Ctb Measurements

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation How To Make CSO/CTB Measurements CSO (Composite Second Order) is a clustering of second order beats at any frequency in the spectrum, which causes interference to picture quality when they fall within the video bandwidth.
  • Page 267 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Fig. 13-17 The CSO/CTB Measurement Screen The light trace represents the carrier prior to it being turned off. The dark trace represents the distortion products. The measurement value is computed as a ratio of the peak level of the video carrier to the peak of the distortion products of the second and third order beats.
  • Page 268 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Fig. 13-18 The CSO SETUP Screen When exiting out of the CSO/CTB measurement, the unit will prompt you to turn the carrier back on. Sweep Mode (SDA-5500) The Transmitter Sweep mode operates the same as the Scan mode with the following exceptions: •...
  • Page 269 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Fig. 13-19 The SWEEP Mode Screen (SDA-5500) NOTE: Sweep telemetry will cease when another mode is selected. Sweep Mode (SDA-5510) The Sweep mode displays information about the current condition of noise and ingress in the headend and provides feedback to the field (see Fig.
  • Page 270 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Fig. 13-20 The SWEEP Mode Screen (SDA-5510) The number of active users accessing return sweep information is indicated by the number of icons displayed below the level information. The SDA-5510 can handle up to 10 different technicians on the same headend unit.

  • Page 271: Frequency Adjustments

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Basic Modes of Operation Fig. 13-21 The Operator Information Screen Frequency Adjustments The FRQ soft key is used to set the start and stop frequency (for display purposes only). A Start and Stop soft key is displayed to select the parameter to be changed.

  • Page 272: Working With Files

    You can retain these files in the unit for later review, or, with Acterna’s StealthWare PC software, you can upload them to a PC. Files loaded on a PC can be viewed, printed, and archived with the computer.

  • Page 273: Using Auto Test

    Enter again. The MEASUREMENT FILES screen is displayed (see Fig. 11-2). All stored files, except Sweep Reference files, can be uploaded to Acterna’s StealthWare PC software. Each Sweep Reference file is unique in terms of the meter used, location, and system conditions at the time of the Sweep.

  • Page 274: How To Create, Edit, And Delete Test Locations

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Fig. 13-23 The Main AUTO Menu How To Create, Edit, and Delete Test Locations Test locations allow you to create specific test point location parameters for the Auto Test report (see Fig. 13-24). Test locations can be created directly on the SDA unit, or by using the StealthWare Data Analysis software and then downloaded to the SDA unit.
  • Page 275 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Press the New soft key to create a new test location file (Fig. 13-25). The unit will then prompt you for a file name. After a name is entered, press the OK soft key.
  • Page 276 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Table 13-1 Test Location Parameters and Values Parameter Minimum Maximum Default Units Area 15 character alpha-numeric field Amp ID 15 character alpha-numeric field Power Configuration IN / OUT/ THROUGH Feeder Maker Config Trunk Termination Voltage Setting...

  • Page 277: How To Perform An Auto Test

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test shows which of the parameters in the table above apply to each of the location types. Table 10-2 Parameters and Test Location Types Parameter Trunk Head Extender Fiber Field ✔...

  • Page 278: Auto Test Location

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test See Also ½ "Creating Channel Plans" (page 274) and "Reverse Sweep Channel Plans" (page 290) in Chapter 14 cover enabling these measurements. Tests can be made immediately or they can be made at timed intervals with the instrument sleeping between tests to conserve battery life.

  • Page 279: Test Point Type

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Fig. 13-28 Configuring Auto Test Location Parameters Press the Enter key after each parameter is entered to update the display. If changes are made and you want them updated in the location file, press the Save soft key.

  • Page 280: Voltage Measurements

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Fig. 13-29 Selecting the Test Point Type When the desired Test Point type is selected, press the OK soft key. The following is a list of Test Point types available: Trunk Amp: Forward Trunk In Forward Trunk Out...

  • Page 281: Test Point Compensation

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Fig. 13-30 Entering System Voltage Measurements The voltage measurements are printed in the Auto Test report. Press the OK soft key when you’re done. Test Point Compensation Test Point Compensation is used to account for loses associated with certain amplifiers.

  • Page 282: Results File

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Press the OK soft key when the desired value has been entered. Results File Enter a name for the Auto Test results file (Fig 13-32). Fig. 13-32 Naming the Results File If you enter an existing file name, a warning message will appear prompting you to overwrite the existing file or create a new one.

  • Page 283: Scheduled

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Fig. 13-33 The AUTO TEST IN PROGRESS Screen While the Auto Test is in progress, the measurement currently being performed (i.e. Level, C/N, Hum, or Modulation) is indicated on the screen Fig.

  • Page 284: Viewing And Printing Auto Test Files

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Using the numeric entry keys, enter the start and stop information for the date and time as well as the interval amount. Press the Enter key after each parameter is entered to update the display.
  • Page 285 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Fig. 13-36 The Auto Test Results Mode A table with all testing intervals and test site information is now displayed. If the Auto Test was performed immediately, then only one interval is displayed.
  • Page 286 When the 24hr Report soft key is pressed, the unit automatically formats and prints the highlighted interval plus the next three intervals. The following is an example of a 24 Hour Test Report: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Acterna 24 HOUR TEST REPORT Model: SDA-5000 Serial No: 1234567 Cal Date: 01/07/00...
  • Page 287 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test ------------------------------------------------------------------- AC Voltage: 110 V DC Voltage (reg): 14.8 V (unreg): 20.9 V ------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 07/04/99 07/04/99 07/05/99 07/05/99 Time: 17:00:00 23:00:00 05:00:00 11:00:00 Temp: +75 F +61 F +59 F +83 F Video...
  • Page 288 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test next to the reading indicating the direction that the measurement was out of specification. Each interval can be selected and viewed as desired. Use the up and down arrow keys followed by the View soft key to view specific interval test results (Fig.13-38).
  • Page 289 • UNDER - under range • OVER - over range • ERROR - synthesizer unlocked The Print soft key can be used to print out the following report: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Acterna Autotest REPORT Model: SDA-5510 Serial No: 1234567 Cal Date: 01/20/00 -------------------------------------------------------------------...
  • Page 290 Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Using Auto Test Forward Pad: +0.0 dB Forward Equalizer: +0.0 dB ------------------------------------------------------------------- AC Voltage: 110 V DC Voltage (reg): 14.8 V (unreg): 20.9 V ------------------------------------------------------------------- Chan Label Video Audio Delta V/AC/N (dBmV) (dBmV) (dB)

  • Page 291: Status

    Description and Basic Operation of the SDA-5500 and 5510: Status STATUS To view the Status screen, press the FCN and Status keys. The Status screen provides unit information (Fig.13-40). Fig. 13-40 The SDA-5500 Status Screen An important feature is the amount of memory currently being used. This allows the user to decide if unwanted files should to be deleted to make more memory available for newer files.

  • Page 292: Introduction

    Chapter 14 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration INTRODUCTION This chapter tells how to connect to a headend for sweeping and details all procedures involved in setup and use, for system commissioning and for maintenance. It concludes with coverage of the history and theory of sweeping.
  • Page 293 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) 5500 Note: Pads can be omitted if they’re not needed for proper levels. Fig. 14-1 Wiring for SDA-5500 Forward-only Sweep 5500 Note: Pads can be omitted if they’re not needed for proper levels. Fig.

  • Page 294: Setting Levels

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) The SDA-5500’s output can be injected using a directional coupler at the output of the combining network, or it can be injected at an input to the combining network. With an output level set such that the sweep is 14 to 16 dB below video carrier level, good response measurements can be made without interference to subscriber TV pictures.
  • Page 295 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) Fig. 14-3 Relationship of Video Carriers, Sweep Insertion Point, and Forward Telemetry Signals The following worksheets will help you calculate the required levels for SDA- 5500 forward sweep. Worksheet 1 Input Level Calculation Enter the system level at the tap-off point (video carrier level) Subtract the directional coupler (DC) value...

  • Page 296: Setting Forward Telemetry Levels And Frequencies

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) Worksheet 2 Output Level Calculation Enter the system level at the sweep injection point (video carrier level) Subtract the relative level of sweep points (-15dB recommended) Add the directional coupler (DC) value Add the pad value Sweep output level (must be between +20dBmV and +50dBmV...

  • Page 297: Forward Telemetry Level

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) Fig. 14-4 The SWEEP TRANSCEIVER Main Menu Use the up and down arrow keys or the numeric keypad to enter the telemetry frequency. Do not place the telemetry signal too close to the diplex filter cut-off frequency in that roll-off may attenuate the telemetry signal to the degree that communication fails.

  • Page 298: Include Audio Carriers

    Access Reverse Sweep Plans Reverse sweep plans are used to define the frequencies at which sweep points will be inserted by SDA-5000 units with the Reverse Sweep option. To access reverse sweep plans, select the Reverse Sweep Plans option and...

  • Page 299: Creating Channel Plans

    NOTE: Acterna strongly encourages the headend technician or system engineer to study Chapter 3, "Channel Plans," and edit the channel plan created during setup to optimize it for your particular application.

  • Page 300: First Channel Plan Procedure

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) The soft key next to the chevron icon in the upper left takes you back to the main CHANNEL PLAN menu. From the CHANNEL PLAN menu, highlight Select Channel Plan, and press the Enter key. Press the designated soft key, then choose NCTA plan.
  • Page 301 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) Fig. 14-5 The Channel Plan Main Menu Options available in this list include: • Select Channel Plan: Press the Enter key to call up a list of existing channel plans. If the unit is being used for the first time, the only channel plan available will be the standard NCTA plan.

  • Page 302: Editing A Channel Plan

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) • Channel Tuning Sequence: Use the up and down arrow keys to select either numeric order or frequency order for the channel tuning sequence. • Build Channel Plan: Press the Enter key to begin the Build Channel Plan sequence.
  • Page 303 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) From the main CHANNEL PLAN menu, scroll to Edit Channel Plan and press ENTER. A listing of all the channels within the frequency range designated in the Build Channel Plan phase will appear on the screen.
  • Page 304 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) Single Carrier - Can be used for an FM or data carrier or CW. Sweep Insertion Point - Used to insert sweep points into vacant spectrum areas. Digital Carrier - Can be used for digital carrier power measurement.
  • Page 305 ENTER key. • The display will prompt you to enter the number of sweep points that each disabled channel will be converted to. (Acterna recommends you convert each disabled channel into 1, 2, or 3 sweep points.) • If sweep points are entered in the following frequency ranges, they will...
  • Page 306 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) 827.63 to 827.87 lower to 827.62 882.63 to 882.87 lower to 882.62 938.13 to 938.37 lower to 938.12 • Specify Auto Measurements: Press the Enter key to specify the measurements to be taken during the performance of an Auto Test (see Fig.
  • Page 307 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward Sweep Configuration (SDA-5500) Fig. 14-8 The EDIT LIMITS Screen • Use the up and down arrow keys to select the limit to be edited. Use the numeric entry keys or the up and down arrow keys to enter a value. Once the value has been entered, press the Enter key to update the display.

  • Page 308: Testing The Transmitter Setup

    • Select a test point at a location after all forward path signals are combined. Connect this to the IN port of an SDA-5000. If the channel levels are above +20dBmV, pad them down to 0 to +10dBmV.

  • Page 309: Configuring Reverse Sweep

    It should be 10dB below video signal levels. Verify that when the CW transmission stops, the level drops by at least 20dB. • The next step is to test the sweep by connecting an SDA-5000 receiver to a test point and pressing the SWEEP key (Be sure that the SDA-5500 transmitter is also in the Sweep mode).

  • Page 310: Basic Reverse Sweep Procedure

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Configuring Reverse Sweep sweeping in the forward direction will experience a slightly slower sweep time. Basic Reverse Sweep Procedure Sweeping the reverse path is a little different from sweeping the forward path. Because the system is designed with appropriate spacing for the forward high frequency range, the reverse path may not require amplification at each station.
  • Page 311 SDA-5500 or field amplifiers SDA-5510 SDA-5000 Fig. 14-10 Single Cable – Split Band Network Reverse Sweep Configuration With Bi-Directional Test Points. In the field on systems with bi-directional test points (forward and reverse signals both present on the same test point), a summing network (provided with each reverse sweep option) is used to enable reception of forward telemetry and sweep, as well as inject reverse telemetry and sweep.

  • Page 312: Dual Cable Network

    Combining Network SDA-5500 or SDA-5510 SDA-5000 Fig. 14-11 Single Cable – Split Band Network Reverse Sweep Configuration With Bi-Directional Test Points. Systems with directional test points are set up as shown in Figure 14-11. The directional coupler on the input side should be designed for at least the frequency range of the forward bandwidth of the network under test.

  • Page 313: Reverse Sweep Setup

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Configuring Reverse Sweep Forward Path Lines SDA-5500 Reverse Path Lines SDA-5510 SDA-5000 Note: Pads may be omitted if not required for proper levels. Reverse path ALC must be turned off. Fig. 14-12 Dual Cable Network Test Setup The same information about levels and directional test points apply to a dual cable network as to a split band network.
  • Page 314 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Configuring Reverse Sweep NOTE: Reverse sweep should be disabled when no SDA- 5000 OPT1 units are being used. This will optimize the update rate of the forward sweep. It can also be disabled if you are using the SDA-5510 for reverse sweeping. Setting the Forward Telemetry Frequency (SDA-5510) Use the up and down keys to enter the forward telemetry frequency.
  • Page 315 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Configuring Reverse Sweep During reverse sweeping using only the SDA-5500 in the headend, the level of the telemetry (the telemetry coming back upstream from the SDA-5000) needs to hit the input of the SDA-5500 at 0 dBmV +/-10 dB. You can verify this easily by checking the telemetry level in the lower right corner of the display.

  • Page 316: Creating A New Reverse Sweep Channel Plan

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Configuring Reverse Sweep • The best way to set up the reverse sweep channel plan is to build a plan with 250 kHz sweep insertion points from 5 to 45 MHz and then delete points that fall within the service frequencies. A close look at the peak held scan, using a marker, may indicate frequencies within the bands specified above for insertion points (34.5 MHz, for example).
  • Page 317 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Configuring Reverse Sweep Fig. 14-14 Creating a New Reverse Sweep Plan, Step 1 Enter the start frequency (see Figure 14-15). This will be the frequency of the first sweep point in the plan. Use the numeric keys followed by the ENTER key.
  • Page 318 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Configuring Reverse Sweep Fig. 14-16 Creating a New Reverse Sweep Plan, Step 3 Finally, enter the stop frequency (see Figure 14-17). There will be no sweep points generated beyond the stop frequency. Use the numeric keys followed by the ENTER key. Then press the OK soft key to continue.

  • Page 319: Selecting An Existing Reverse Sweep Plan

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Configuring Reverse Sweep Sweep points are generated beginning at the start frequency and continuing until the stop frequency is reached. The frequency of each point is calculated by adding the step interval to the frequency of the previous point. After it has been created, the new plan will appear in the REVERSE SWEEP PLAN list.

  • Page 320: Testing The Transmitter Setup For Reverse Sweep

    Find an available input on the return path combining network. Connect this point to the OPT port of the SDA-5000 you’re using for reverse sweep. Leave in place the forward path connection described in "Testing the Transmitter Setup for Forward Sweep" (page 283).
  • Page 321 SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Forward and Reverse Sweep (SDA-5500) Set the reverse telemetry and sweep levels of the SDA-5000 so that, in the combining network, they will be about 10dB below the reverse path signal levels. Make sure that test point compensation is set to 0 for this test.

  • Page 322: Using Both Headend Units

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Using Both Headend Units SDA-5500 Fig. 14-20 A Second Method of Connecting the SDA-5500 for Forward and Reverse Sweep USING BOTH HEADEND UNITS The addition of the SDA-5510 to the Stealth sweep system takes the responsibility for reverse sweep away from the SDA-5500, and serves to speed both forward and reverse sweep rates.

  • Page 323: Sweep History And Theory

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Sweep History and Theory Forward Combining Network Nodes Reverse Node SDA-5000 Combiner SDA-5500 SDA-5510 Fig. 14-21 Connecting an SDA-5510 in a System with an SDA-5500 SWEEP HISTORY AND THEORY What is sweep testing, and why do it? The most accurate way to align a cable network for either forward or reverse services is to ‘sweep’...

  • Page 324: Remote Operation And Channel Plans

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Sweep History and Theory A sweep transmitter injects a signal of a known level and frequency at the input of the network. At the output of the network, a receiver measures the level at the transmitter’s frequency and saves it in a table. Plotting the level at each frequency makes it possible to calculate the frequency response of the network.

  • Page 325: Stealth Sweep

    Unfortunately, the pulses generated by sweep transmitters interfered with the video channels that customers were paying to watch. The design of Acterna’s Stealth sweep system enables you to sweep through most continuous carrier channels without injecting any signal. This means there is absolutely no chance of interference.

  • Page 326: Productivity Tools

    Sweep pulses must be injected. To prevent any chance of system interference, Acterna recommends that you not put any sweep pulses within active return path channels. However,...

  • Page 327: Sweep References

    SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep Configuration: Sweep History and Theory should be within N/10+X dB of flat at its output. Stealth sweep can automatically calculate whether an amplifier passes this test. X is set in the SWEEP configuration menu as the Sweep Limit Variable. Within the sweep display, entering the Limit Check mode allows the amplifier number (N) to be set.

  • Page 328: Test Point Compensation

    B. If B is used as a perfect reference, then any absolute level error will be adjusted out. In order to maximize this effect, Acterna recommends that you frequently refresh the reference to be used in sweep testing (at least once a shift).

  • Page 329: Reverse Noise Broadcast

    For this reason, sweep systems usually do not display absolute levels. Acterna’s Stealth sweep, however, has adapted the reverse sweep system to provide the right information for quick alignment of reverse gain and tilt. The screen displays absolute values for injection levels and headend receiver levels at high and low frequency tilt markers.

  • Page 330: File Overlay

    SDA-5500 for reverse sweep. • If you use an SDA-5510 for reverse sweep, you might want to enable reverse sweep and noise for the SDA-5500. Enabling SDA-5000 reverse sweep and noise will give you the following benefits: • With both headend transmitters active, different nodes or combinations of nodes can be directed to each.
  • Page 331 50kHz through a modem channel that is being commissioned for service. NOTE: While Acterna does not recommend a dense sweep of an active reverse channel, during commissioning more information may be helpful.

  • Page 332: Forward Sweep And Balance

    Appendix A Application Notes FORWARD SWEEP AND BALANCE Step-by-Step Headend Setup for Forward Sweep Forward Sweep Setup A diplex filter is used to combine reverse signals into the rack mount unit instead of a splitter or DC-12 because of isolation issues, and the return fiber receiver is more than likely 5-200 MHz.

  • Page 333: Build Channel Plan (Configure; Channel Plan)

    Application Notes: Forward Sweep and Balance Tx=Stealth Headend Transmitter Rx=Multiple User Reverse Receiver Build Channel Plan (Configure; Channel Plan) If a channel plan has already been made, choose it from the list under "Select Channel Plan". NOTE: The newest Stealth field meter replaced many of the menus with icons.

  • Page 334: Sweep Transceiver (Configure; Sweep Transceiver)

    Application Notes: Forward Sweep and Balance d. Enter Tilt Channels (yes) Edit Channel Parameters Enable or disable channels appropriately Enter tilt channels, sweep channels and/or scrambled channels Enter the type of channel (CW = Single, TV, Dual, Digital, Sweep Insertion Point) TIP: When making labels, the up and down diamond keys can be used to access special symbols.

  • Page 335: Copying Channel Plans

    Ensure the sweep receiver is connected to the Tx by means of the 9 pin, RS- 232 connector on the back of the receiver and the front of the Tx. This cable is supplied by Acterna and has a specific pin configure (refer to manual for...

  • Page 336: Field Unit Settings

    Application Notes: Forward Sweep and Balance cable pin configure). Also be sure that the Baud rate is identical on both pieces of equipment. NOTE: The headend unit’s channel plan does not have to be downloaded to the Stealth field unit to achieve sweep. Only the telemetry has to be the same.

  • Page 337: Forward Balancing And Sweeping

    Application Notes: Forward Sweep and Balance A forward sweep reference can also be taken at this time. Press “func” and “6” and enter a name for your reference. Some systems may want to use this reference for tap output responses. NOTE: Be careful with forward fiber optic transmitters in the headend.

  • Page 338: Common Forward Sweep Problems

    Application Notes: Forward Sweep and Balance NOTE: The "max/min" displays the peak-to-valley between the markers. The delta displays the difference in level and frequency at the markers. In forward sweep, the field unit has a max input of approxi- mately 20 dBmV/ch for a fully loaded system. This is usu- ally not a problem on the high loss test points, but could be an issue when connecting directly to a seizure screw.

  • Page 339: No Communication

    Application Notes: Forward Sweep and Balance No Communication • Verify the appropriate telemetry; keep it high and located in the passband. Watch out for sharp diplex filter roll-off and old 550 MHz passives in a 750 MHz system. The minimum level for telemetry is approximately 15 dBmV and the max is approximately +12 dBmV.

  • Page 340: Frequency Response Identification

    • Associated with bad accessories, water, or amplifier band edge roll-off. Other Applications Using the Portable Receiver Transmitter for Forward Activation. Acterna’s portable transmitter and receiver can be utilized to perform the following: • Segmented sweeping; Moving the transmitter out in the field to sweep...

  • Page 341: Tips & Hints

    The field unit is dc blocking to 200V peak-to-peak. This equates to approximately 100 Vac. Once a trace is stored, you can alter the dB/div, start & stop freq., tilt compensation, etc. To print this altered trace, hit "Func" & "Print". (Use the printer serial cable supplied by Acterna.)
  • Page 342 Application Notes: Forward Sweep and Balance The defacto standard is 2 dB/div for sweeping and 10 dB/div for spectrum analyzer viewing. Version 9.3 firmware has added a few features worth mentioning. There is a hard key for Test Point Compensation (func. 7) a hard key to Select Previous Screen (func.

  • Page 343: Reverse Sweep And Balance

    Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance REVERSE SWEEP AND BALANCE Step-by-Step Headend Set Up Reverse Sweep Setup A diplex filter is used to combine the reverse signals into the rack mount unit, instead of a splitter or DC-12, because of isolation issues and the return fiber receiver is more than likely 5-200 MHz.

  • Page 344: Build Channel Plan (Configure; Channel Plan)

    Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance TIP: When making labels, the up and down diamond keys can be used to access special symbols. Build Channel Plan (Configure; Channel Plan) NOTE: The newest Stealth field meter replaced many of the menus with icons. The "Setup" button has been replaced with a "Configuration"...

  • Page 345: Sweep Transceiver (Configure; Sweep Transceiver)

    Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance Sweep Transceiver (Configure; Sweep Transceiver). Forward Telemetry Frequency must be in the vacant spectrum and at least 500 kHz from any other carrier; must also be within the bandwidth of the downstream spectrum. The factory default is 51 MHz on the Tx and 52 MHz on the Rx.

  • Page 346: Before You Leave The Headend

    Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance NOTE: Select “func” and “7” to enter the Test Point compensation. There is a toggle button to select forward or reverse Test Point compensation. Before You Leave the Headend On the receiver select (CONFIGURE; SWEEP RECEIVER) and set the forward sweep telemetry frequency to be the same as the Tx and/or Rx.
  • Page 347 Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance the sequence: (“func” and “6”). A name must be entered for your reference. Take a normalized reference at the node and at each leg if warranted. NOTE: It’s good to compare "apples" to "apples". Don’t change things like in-line pads and test leads once a reference has been stored.

  • Page 348: Another Way

    Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance into account extra accessory losses such as internal "feedermakers" and input pads if warranted. The reasoning behind constant inputs to the port vs. hybrid is beyond the scope of this application note. The reference line on the display should also be X dB. Look at M1 and M2 on the Stealth field unit display to verify.

  • Page 349: Considerations

    Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance Find the highest number and set the Sweep and Telemetry close to this. For instance, the highest number is 45.5 so they are set for 46 dBmV. Store a reference at the node with a 7 dB in-line pad installed. This will automatically knock down the sweep and telemetry level without having to change the generator output and the associated problems with doing that (explained later).

  • Page 350: Spikes

    Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance • Use a plug-in test point, not a probe. Probes will always be bi-directional unless they are in series with the circuit and a directional coupler is used. • Keep all proceeding actives terminated for return sweeping. Don’t pre- stuff the reverse pad and EQ.

  • Page 351: Bad Response

    Application Notes: Reverse Sweep and Balance noise floor level on the reverse input and compare with the reverse output. It should be higher by the amount of gain of the amplifier, but not necessarily. The noise reading could be affected by the test equipment noise floor.

  • Page 352: Faster Reverse Sweep

    You could also get a PathTrak system for remote analyzing and performance archiving. Contact Acterna for more information. The "Noise" Mode •...
  • Page 353 Once a trace is stored, you can alter the dB/div, start & stop freq., etc. To print this altered trace, hit "Func" & "Print". (Use the printer serial cable supported by Acterna.) The sweep file overlay is a nice feature to view an existing stored file and see the actual sweep trace overlaid.

  • Page 354: Return Path Troubleshooting

    Application Notes: Return Path Troubleshooting 14. The number of sweep points is limited to 500, but inserting too many points will make the refresh of the sweep display slower. The sweep update time is dependent on the setup. RETURN PATH TROUBLESHOOTING History of CPD CPD is created by non-linear mixing from a diode junction created by corrosion and dissimilar metal contacts.

  • Page 355: Troubleshooting Cpd

    • Use a low pass filter to block all the forward channels. You can use a diplex filter, but it’s cumbersome. The insertion loss may not be calibrated, and it may not be DC blocked. This is why Acterna built the SDA units with a built-in, switchable, low-pass filter to block the forward channels.

  • Page 356: The Noise Mode

    This is especially a problem on the return signals that are read from high loss test points. The SDA-5000 has a preamp built-in and compensates all measurements accordingly. If the problem is at the output of a tap when testing at the seizure screw, continue on.

  • Page 357: Listening To Ingress For Identification Of The Source

    Application Notes: Return Path Troubleshooting misleading. If there’s a reference carrier present, you can make a relative measurement, such as desired-to- undesired ratio (D/U). The field unit has a "noise/ingress" feature, which can be used for troubleshooting. This displays the noise seen in the headend with optimum resolution of 280 kHz.

  • Page 358: Return Path Egress/Ingress Testing

    Application Notes: Return Path Troubleshooting Return Path Egress/Ingress Testing The FCC states that the maximum allowable limit for egress from dc up to 54 MHz is 15 µV/m at 30 meters. By utilizing forward path egress techniques, it may be possible to characterize the return path ingress points to some extent.

  • Page 359: The "Zero Span" Mode

    Application Notes: Return Path Troubleshooting Fig. Reverse ingress spectrum trace after 30 sec. with traditional settings. Fig. Reverse ingress spectrum trace after 6 sec. with dwell time = 20 ms. The "Zero Span" Mode In this mode, you can view desired-to-undesired ratios and see peak bursts of TDMA data.

  • Page 360: Proofing And Testing

    Application Notes: Proofing and Testing periods & collisions, and see ingress in the data packet without taking the service off-line. Refer to the Feb. ’99 issue of Acterna’s bi-annual newsletter, Wavelengths. PROOFING AND TESTING FCC Title 47 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart K, Section 76.605(a)

  • Page 361: In-Channel Sweeping [76.605(A)(6)]

    Application Notes: Proofing and Testing The video level for each channel at the end of a 100 foot drop will have: • > 3 dBmV [76.605(a)(3)]. • < 8 dB variation over 24 hours & 6 months [76.605(a)(4)]. • < 3 dB of variation between adjacent channels [76.605(a)(4)]. •...

  • Page 362: Cnr & Distortions [76.605(A)(7,8)]

    Application Notes: Proofing and Testing Sweepless mode if using a function generator. Connect the Tx or function generator to the Video In port on the modulator that you are going to test. Next, connect your field unit to the modulator output and press the SWEEP button.
  • Page 363 Application Notes: Proofing and Testing range of the field unit is 52 dB. The FCC specification is for CNR > 43 dB. Most systems design for ~ 48 dB CNR at the end-of-line to account for house amps, bigger TV screens, and to allow some headroom for digital loading affects.
  • Page 364 Application Notes: Proofing and Testing NOTE: Measuring digital "haystacks" with a spectrum analyzer is very misleading. The level reading is based on the RBW of the analyzer and there are correction factors associated with this. A simple calculation is not adequate because of the shape of the "haystack."...

  • Page 365: Terminal Isolation [76.605(A)(9)]

    Hum [76.605(a)(10)] Acterna equipment can measure hum on an unscrambled, active channel. This is a peak-to-peak measurement. The definition of FCC hum is any low frequency disturbance (< 1 kHz) and must be < 3%. This is usually caused...

  • Page 366: Headend Tests [76.605(A)(11)]

    Application Notes: Proofing and Testing by power pack filter failure, bad solder connections, corroded connectors, impulse noise, etc. Diagnosis for 1 or 2 bars slowly scrolling up on the TV is as follows: If it’s one hum bar (50/60 Hz), check for bad connections where voltage is ac. If it’s 2 hum bars (100/120 Hz), check the dc power pack for proper ac input, check for power-pack ripple (possible filter cap or diode failure).
  • Page 367 Application Notes: Proofing and Testing dipole". Leaks in excess of these strengths at respective distance and frequency must be repaired in a timely manner. The formula to determine the full size of the dipole antenna in inches is: 5616 / f (“f”...

  • Page 368: Frequency

    Appendix B Specifications Frequency Range: 5 to 1,000 MHz Accuracy: ±10 ppm at 25°C; ± 10 ppm drift over temp.; ± 3 ppm/year aging Resolution bandwidths: 30, 280 kHz and 2MHz (30 kHz for CTB/CSO only) Tuning resolutions: 10 kHz Sweep resolution: 250 kHz maximum Level Measurement...

  • Page 369: Carrier-To-Noise

    Tilt Measurement Up to 9 pilot carriers or video channels with tilt and level measurements on the highest and lowest. The SDA-5000 allows measurement on any 2 of the 9. (Tilt mode is not available on the SDA-5510). Scan Mode...

  • Page 370: Sweep Mode

    Specifications Sweep Mode (Forward sweep not available on SDA-5510) Frequency range: 5-1000 MHz Display span: user definable Display scale/range: 6 vertical divisions 1, 2, 5, or 10dB/ division Sweep pulse occupied bandwidth: 30 kHz Stability: +/- 0.5 dB, normalized (dependent on stability of referenced carriers) Sweep Rate: ~1 second (78 Channels, including...

  • Page 371: Zero-Span Mode

    100 µs to 20 s (1, 2, 5 settings) Intermodulation Distortion (CSO/CTB) ≥ 60 dB Range: Resolution: 0.1 dB Reverse Transmitter (Available only on SDA-5000 with OPT2) Frequency range: 5 to 1,000 MHz Output level: +20 to +50 dBmV, adjustable in 2dB increments Spectral purity: Hars -30 dBc;...

  • Page 372: Data Storage

    AC: 100 V; DC: 140 V General Display: 320x240 dot matrix LCD, selectable back light Operating temperature: SDA-5000 -20 to +47°C (-4 to 117°F) SDA-5500 and 5510 0 to +50°C (32 to 120°F) Power Sources Battery: Extended-life replaceable nickel metal hydride, 12V / 3.5A-hr, 4 hours continuous...

  • Page 373: Modulation Type

    Charger input: 100 to 265 to 63 Hz ~ 100 VAC 47 to 63 Hz ~ 100 VA Forward Transmitter (OPT 2) (Available only on SDA-5500 and SDA-5000 with OPT2) Frequency range: 5 to 1,000 MHz Output level: +20 to +50 dBmV, adjustable in 2 dB Spectral purity: Hars -30 dBc;...

  • Page 374: Mer (Modulation Error Ratio)

    Specifications MER (Modulation Error Ratio): 64 QAM / Option 4A: 22-35 dB Accuracy: ±2.0 dB (typical, see chart below) 64 QAM / Option 4B: 21-35 dB Accuracy: ±1.5 dB 256 QAM / Option 4A: 28-35 dB Accuracy: ±2.0 dB (typical, see chart below) 256 QAM / Option 4B: 28-35 dB Accuracy:...

  • Page 375: Evm (Error Vector Magnitude)

    Specifications EVM (Error Vector Magnitude): 64 QAM / Option 4A: 1.2% - 5.2% Accuracy: ± 0.5% (1.2% - 2.0%) ± 1.0% (2.1% - 4.0%) ± 1.4% (4.1% - 5.2%) 64 QAM / Option 4B: 1.2% - 5.8% Accuracy: ± 0.5% (1.2% - 2.5%) ±...

  • Page 376: Power Source

    Specifications Power Source: Battery: Extended life nickel metal hydride 12V / 3.5A-hr Charge time: ~4 hours Operating Time: 2.5 hours continuous use (typical) in QAM View mode Universal AC Charger/Adapter: Input: 100-250 VAC, 50-60 Hz, 0.5A Output: 15V @ 750 ma...
  • Page 377 Specifications...

  • Page 378: Status Indicators

    Appendix C Status Indicators and Icons Status Indicators The following status indicators are displayed in the title bar: Unlocked Low Battery Function Key Pressed Alpha Entry Mode Numeric Entry Mode Arrow Key Selection Mode Backlight On (Manual Operation) Backlight On (Auto Operation)

  • Page 379: Soft Key Icons

    Status Indicators and Icons Video Carrier Audio Carrier Single Carrier DUAL Carrier Band Pass Filter (Hum screen) Low Pass Filter (Hum screen) Noise (C/N screen) Soft Key Icons Amplifier / Low Pass Sweep Enable Filter Submenu Video Enable Offset Submenu Level Submenu Bandwidth Submenu Noise Scan Enable...
  • Page 380 Status Indicators and Icons Enable / Disable Start Zero Span Check Limits A or B Marker Toggle Maximum Hold Start CSO/CTB Test Reference Level Select High Tilt Pilot Channel Tilt Compensation Select Low Tilt Submenu Pilot Channel Hysteresis Autoscale Video Bandwidth Scan Time Resolution Bandwidth Restart Maximum Hold...
  • Page 381 Status Indicators and Icons Measurement Bandwidth Demodulation Toggle Scale Volume Up Return to Last Mode Volume Down Audio Enable Cancel Restart Center Frequency 60 Hz Filter Desired / Undesired Enable / Disable Marker Toggle 120 Hz Filter Low Pass Filter Enable Enable / Disable Log / Linear Toggle Pre-Amp Enable...

  • Page 382: Additional Option-Specific Icons

    Status Indicators and Icons <1 KHz Filter Enable Marker to Peak Dwell Span Save this Channel BW Stop Frequency Save BW to All Channels Start Frequency Trigger On/Off Manual Trigger Additional Option-Specific Icons SDA Option 2 -- Portable Sweep Transmitter This option uses icons already listed above.

  • Page 383: Sda Option 4 -- Qam

    Status Indicators and Icons View Node List Toggle Node SDA Option 4 -- QAM In addition to many of the icons listed above, Option 4 uses the following icons: Edit Modulation Format Edit Symbol Rate Display Digital Detail Zoom Submenu Zoom-In One Level Zoom-Out One Level Zoom-Out to Largest View...

  • Page 384: Introduction

    Appendix D User and Error Messages Introduction The SDA is equipped with helpful messages that may appear to indicate improper operation or unit malfunction. This appendix provides an explanation of the condition causing a message to appear and the suggested response. ERROR...
  • Page 385 User and Error Messages ERROR... The noise frequency is out of range! Condition: The noise offset frequency plus the carrier frequency exceeds the range of the unit. Response: Choose a smaller noise offset frequency value. ERROR... Insufficient signal level to perform the measurement! Condition: A minimum carrier level is required for C/N and HUM measurements.
  • Page 386 User and Error Messages SORRY... Not enough sweeps have occurred to store an accurate reference. Please allow more time in SWEEP. Condition: An attempt to store a reference without sufficient sweeps. Response: Allow more time in Sweep Mode. ERROR... A system error has occurred! Condition: A system error has been detected.
  • Page 387 User and Error Messages ERROR... A system error has occurred! Please select another mode. Condition: A system error has been detected. Response: Select another measurement mode or restart the unit and try again. ERROR... At least two tilt channels must be programmed and enabled! Please select another mode.
  • Page 388 User and Error Messages SORRY... This cannot be completed due to a system error. Condition: A system error was detected. Response: Restart the unit and try again. WARNING... This channel will be deleted! Condition: A channel is about to be deleted. Response: Press OK to delete, STOP to cancel.
  • Page 389 User and Error Messages ERROR... Hum cannot be measured on a scrambled channel! Condition: A channel that has been programmed as scrambled in setup has been selected in Hum mode. Response: Select a channel that is not scrambled. Hum measurements are not possible on a scrambled channel.
  • Page 390 This glossary covers terminology used in the manual, as well as other terms, that will help to clarify discussion and procedures in the manual. Sources include Acterna proprietary documents; the Jones Dictionary for Cable Television and Information Infrastructure, 4th Edition; and the IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms, 4th Edition, and other electronics authorities.
  • Page 391 Glossary lowest frequencies carried by a channel. Also the speed (bit-rate velocity at which data can be transferred and presented. C/N; also CNR Carrier-to-Noise ratio, normally expressed in dB: the ratio of peak carrier power to root mean square (RMS) noise power (noise floor at video bandwidth) adjacent to the carrier.
  • Page 392 Glossary Edit Box On many LCD screens you are required to make changes, or have the option of making changes to system parameters. In these instances the Edit box appears as the last line of the LCD screen. It also carries instructions, when appropriate.
  • Page 393 Glossary Level Level is a measurement of signal and reference voltages in the cable system, expressed in dBmV or as a ratio expressed in dB LPF Low Pass Filter Modem Modem” is a contraction of Modulator-Demodulator. A Modem converts computer digital signals to analogue for data transmission, or demodulates upon receipt, for use within a computer.
  • Page 394 Glossary Pilot Channel The Lowest and Highest of the channels (9 max total) selected as criteria for TILT. Pilot Level Level in dBmV of Pilot Channel used for TILT. Pixel A Pixel (Picture Element) is the smallest area of a television picture capable of being delineated by a signal passing through the system.
  • Page 395 Glossary Suck-Out Excessive cable transmission loss that affects or several channels acutely as a function of frequency due to sharp kinks or bends, or to minor imperfections regularly spaced in the line. Sweeping Injecting into the cable and transmitting downstream in a CATV system at selected points in the spectrum a series of output signals that vary in frequency between preset or adjustable limits, at a rate that is also adjustable.
  • Page 396 Index amplitude modulation 365 Analogue-VSB 365 ASC (Automatic Slope Control) 115 attenuation (CW signal), setting 225 audio carriers including/excluding 70 levels 117 MEASUREMENT submenu 116-117 omitting 234 scanning 26 tilt 118 audio levels 15 Symbols and Numbers Level mode 18 audio modulation 15 13 dB amplifier, enabling (Spectrum Analyzer Audio Offset 49...
  • Page 397 Index results file names 188 Build Channel Plan 40-43 saving locations 185 Build Channel Plan option 277, 308 selecting probe points 186 Build Sweep Points option 280, 309 temperature 190 bursty 365 test point compensation 188 BW (bandwidth) 365 test types 189 voltage measurements 187 headend units 252-259 measurements, failure indicator 192...
  • Page 398 Index editing temperature 190 SDA-5500 283 test point compensation 188 editing, SDA-5500 277-283 test types 189 files, storing 198 voltage measurements 187 Inverted Spectrum 50 channel plans 27, 36 Stealthware 53 CPD analysis setup 101, 102 parameters 38-57 diagnostics 29 editing 46-49 digital carrier 49-50 reference files 203...
  • Page 399 Index Digital TV (DTV) 366 diplex filters 307, 318 display test 29 D/U (Desired/Undesired) 366 Display Test option 225 date format 24 distance units, Equalizer Mode 27 Date Format option 223 downloading, files 197 Date option 224 DSP (Digital Signal Processor) 366 dBc values 161 Hum measurements 125 DC-12 307, 318...
  • Page 400 Index Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) 27, 154 identification 203 errors, Autotests 263 obsolete 203 external losses, test points 62 storing 202 uploading 199, 248 uploading PCs 197, 247 viewing 200, 248 FM (Frequency Modulation) 367 factory settings, defaulting to 29 FM/AM audio carriers 20 fast scan rate 116 Forward Error Correction (FEC) 155...
  • Page 401 Index parameters 47 CW signal, setting attenuation 225 Sweep key 15 date telemetry frequency 370 formatting 223 transmitter 31 setting 224 tuning step sizes 26 defaulting to factory settings 224 frequency adjustments features 2, 5-6, 7 Scan mode 233 forward and reverse sweep, setup 296 Spectrum Analyzer mode 240 forward sweep, setup 307-311 Sweep mode 246...
  • Page 402 Index hum modulation 15 IPPV (Impulse Pay-Per-View) 367 Hybrid Fiber Coax. See HFC 367 Key controls I/Q imbalance impairments 167 Test key 14 icons key controls 13-17 Frequency Submenu 88 alphanumeric keys 16 Level Submenu 88 measurement mode keys 13-14 measurement screens 109 Nav key 14 Navigator Interface 10, 11...
  • Page 403 Index Scan mode 234 memory Lines/Page option 224 availability, checking 198, 247 Local measurement trace 142 files, storing 197-199, 247 Loopback sweep 19, 93-94 menus Low Pass Filter State, C/N measurement 123 Channel Plan, options 308-309 low pass filters, CPD analysis 101 Configure 36 File 199, 247 Sweep references 202...
  • Page 404 Operator Name option 223 Peak Hold trace 21 options phase noise impairments 167 PathTrak Field View 141 physical plant, reverse path troubleshooting 97 SDA-5000 7 pilot channel 369 output level calculation worksheet 271 Pilot Level 369 overlapping channels 368 pixels 369...
  • Page 405 QPSK modulation 104 ingress sources 97 locating source 98 methods 98-99 noise 96-97 physical plant 97 random noise, troubleshooting 97 SDA-5000 95 receiver modes, selecting 305-306 spectrum analysis 98 record keeping regulations 335 TDMA 102-106, 107 reference files, sweep intermittent ingress 106...
  • Page 406 RF energy transmitters, troubleshooting ingress Reverse Level 86 Reverse Noise 87 roll off 369 Reverse Noise Frequency 89 Reverse Noise Level 88 Testpoint Info 62 Tilt 113 View, accessing 198 S/N (signal-to-noise) measurements sweep 65 MER and 169 SDA Sweep 19 SDA-5000 options 7...
  • Page 407 Support mode keys 220 forward sweep, SDA-5500 269 Sweep mode 219 measuring 110-119 sweep transmitter setup 227, 228 SDA-5000 71 Tilt mode 219 signal lock errors, QAM 151 user interface 217-221 signal quality, digital 27 SDA-5510 signal standard 49...
  • Page 408 Index spectrum analyzer display 15 overlaying 305 Spectrum Analyzer mode 131 selecting in Overlay mode 204, 205 Amplifier submenu 135 forward 75-76 Amplifier/Low-Pass Filter submenu 137 functions 70 Bandwidth submenu 137, 139 headend considerations 311 files 198 headend units Frequency submenu 134-135 forward and reverse setup 296 headend units 239-243 horizontal markers 301...
  • Page 409 Index SDA-5510 219 telemetry frequency 370 Sweep References 302-303 Telemetry Frequency option 142 Sweep References menu 202 temperature units 26 sweep speeds 49 Temperature Units option 226 Sweep telemetry 31 temperature, Autotests 190 Sweep Telemetry On/Off option 225 terminal isolation (FCC regulations) 340 Sweep Transceiver setup Test key 14 headend units 227...
  • Page 410 71 methods 98-99 reverse sweep 72-74 noise 96-97 wiring connections physical plant 97 forward sweep 267-271 SDA-5000 95 reverse sweep 285-287 spectrum analysis 98 worksheets, sweep level calculations 270 TDMA 102-106, 107 tools 99 SDA-5510, capabilities 7 spikes 313, 325...
  • Page 411 Index...

Table of Contents