1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. GSSI Manuals
  4. Radar
  5. SIR 20
  6. User manual

GSSI SIR 20 User Manual

Hide thumbs
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the SIR 20 and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Subscribe to Our Youtube Channel

Related Manuals for GSSI SIR 20

Summary of Contents for GSSI SIR 20

  • Page 2 Copyright © 2003-2017 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form Published by Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. 40 Simon Street Nashua, New Hampshire 03060-3075 USA Printed in the United States SIR, RADAN and UtilityScan are registered trademarks of Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc.
  • Page 3 OF ITS EQUIPMENT, WHETHER OR NOT DEFECTIVE. Before returning any equipment to GSSI, a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained. Please call the GSSI Customer Service Manager who will assign an RMA number. Be sure to have the serial number of the unit available.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Chapter 5: Using a GPS with your SIR 20 ................67 Attaching a GPS ......................... 67 Understanding GPS ......................68 Using the G30L with the SIR 20 and RADAN 6 ............70 Addendum A ........................72 Addendum B ........................74 Appendix A: SIR 20 System Specifications ................

  • Page 7: Chapter 1: Introduction

    You may have purchased your SIR 20 as part of a pre-configured system. If you have purchased the SIR 20 separately, your SIR 20 system contains the following items: 1 - Digital Control Unit MF-20.

  • Page 8: General Description

    Figure 1: Major external features (May vary depending on Toughbook model). The SIR 20 is designed to be used in a variety of field configurations. While it is often preferable to leave the laptop attached to the system as one whole unit, you may sometime wish to separate the computer and the MF-20 control box.
  • Page 9 Connector Panel Turn the SIR 20 around to look at the back of the unit. You will notice that the mounting hardware is designed to allow you access to the standard computer connectors on the back of the laptop. You can use these connectors just as you would use them on a regular laptop computer.
  • Page 10 SIR 20 power converter: The power converter is used to keep the laptop battery charged. If the SIR 20 is plugged into a power source, there will be a green light on the front of the converter. This light will be lit even if the SIR 20 is turned off.

  • Page 11: Hardware Setup

    (AC, battery, or DC) If you are using a SIR 20 as part of a RoadScan™ system, see Appendix A. If you are using your SIR 20 on a survey cart, please see the survey cart manual for instructions on hardware setup.
  • Page 12 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual MN92-078 Rev F...

  • Page 13: Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System For 2D Data Collection

    Chapter 2: Setting Up your System for 2D Data Collection After your SIR 20 boots up, you will see a Windows desktop with a number of shortcuts on it. A base SIR 20 system includes one shortcut icon that will open the data collection program (SIR 20) and one icon that will open the data processing package (RADAN).

  • Page 14: System Parameter Setup

    Create Folders The SIR 20 is capable of collecting an enormous volume of data. The first important task of the GPR user is to find some way to keep this data organized. The SIR 20 uses the hard disk of the ToughBook computer to store data.
  • Page 15 Now you will need to tell RADAN about the folders you created and set some other parameters. Double- click the SIR 20 shortcut on the Windows desktop. We will start from the initial RADAN/SIR 20 screen. Figure 6: SIR 20 initial screen.

  • Page 16: Setting Up Your System For 2D Data Collection

    Projects and Profiles: How the SIR 20 Collects Data The SIR 20 collects data files by using a Project file as a model. The project file is created when you enter collection parameters. Each time you tell the SIR 20 to collect a new data file, it will examine the parameters you provided in the project file and collect data with those settings.
  • Page 17 (macro) to the master project file. You can rename it at this point if you wish, but make sure both files have exactly the same name. When you wish to use the master project, open the SIR 20 collection program and click the Run Master Project icon located at the bottom-left of the screen.
  • Page 18 Collection Parameters Figure 9: The Configuration Window. Your SIR 20 can be used for many different applications. Because of this, you should have a full understanding of how different configuration settings should be applied to each type of survey. You will see the Configuration Window during a new collection project setup, but it is useful to explain these parameters first.
  • Page 19 DielConstant: Short for dielectric constant. The range of values for the dielectric constant of materials (including air and water) are 1-81. This will allow the SIR 20 to display a linear depth scale as the vertical scale rather than time. If you know the dielectric constant of the material you are scanning through, you should enter it.
  • Page 20 4 scans, the output file will have 5 scans per foot (20/4), not 20 scans/ft. Ft(m)/Mark: When used in the Survey Wheel mode, the SIR 20 will put a mark into the data at user specified intervals. A mark is a small vertical line that is superimposed over your data window and is intended to allow you to easily ‘eyeball’...

  • Page 21: Data Collection Methods

    Free run data is collected without the benefit of a survey wheel. Your data does not have position information unless you are also using a GPS. The SIR 20 will collect a certain number of scans per second and it is up to you to move your antenna over your survey surface at a constant rate. If you collect free run data you should lay out a tape measure along your survey line and click your marker button whenever you antenna passes a measured grid point (e.g.
  • Page 22 Enter information to describe your project area. You can give the project a Title, Start/Finish time and add Notes. • Note the gray button for Output Path. This is the location where the SIR 20 will store your data files. This location was set by you in View > Customize. •...
  • Page 23 You will see a window pop up with the heading Survey Wheel Calibration (Figure 13). This is where you enable the specific survey wheel device you are using with the SIR 20 and determine how many internal ‘ticks’ per selected unit of distance.
  • Page 24 Figure 15: Attach a Macro or Create a New One. • There are no pre-saved macros on the system, so if you are using your SIR 20 for the first time you will need to create one. Click the button for Create New Macro and click Finish. The antenna...
  • Page 25 GSSI recommends that you leave the Auto Position servo ON until you are familiar with the effects of moving the signal up or down in the time range window. Please note that the ‘zero’ time on the SIR 20 is indicated by the value of 100.

  • Page 26: Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. Sir

    In addition, RADAN functions such as vertical and horizontal filtering, FFT filtering, Spectrum transformation and Hilbert envelope processing will not operate correctly on the data. If you prefer to leave the gain setting up to the SIR 20, make sure that Auto Gain Servo is enabled.

  • Page 27: Time-Based (Free Run Continuous) Data Collection

    The setup procedure for a time-based collection is very similar to a survey wheel-controlled collection. The SIR 20 is configured to collect a certain number of scans per second and it will be up to the operator to move the antenna over the survey surface at a reasonable speed. If you move slowly you will collect a large number of scans per distance, and if you move your antenna rapidly you will collect a small number of scans per distance.
  • Page 28 Enter information to describe your project area. You can give the project a Title, Start/Finish time and add Notes. • Note the gray button for Output Path. This is the location where the SIR 20 will store your data files. This location was set by you in View > Customize. •...

  • Page 29: Point Mode Data Collection

    The most important collection parameter is Scans/Sec. This is the number of scans that your SIR 20 will record every second. The most common method for determining the correct number is to figure out how many scans per unit distance you want and compare that to a comfortable walking pace.
  • Page 30 Enter information to describe your project area. You can give the project a Title, Start/Finish time and add Notes. • Note the gray button for Output Path. This is the location where the SIR 20 will store your data files. This location was set by you in View > Customize. •...
  • Page 31 (10). Make sure that each antenna is plugged into the correct port on the back of the SIR 20. Make sure that when you are collecting data using two separate antennas in bi-static mode that the control cables for each antenna are the same length. If the antenna cables are of different lengths, the transmit/receive synchronization of the system will be incorrect and the system will collect useless data.
  • Page 32 Since you are collecting one scan at a time, you will need to initiate data collection after every trace. This can be done in three ways. The SIR 20 will take a single scan every time you click the remote marker on your antenna handle, click the green ‘Run’ arrow again, or push the Down arrow button on the keyboard.

  • Page 33: Chapter 3: Setting Up Your System For 3D Data Collection

    Chapter 3: Setting Up your System for 3D Data Collection This section presents instructions for configuring your SIR 20 to collect a block of 3D data. Data collection may be in GPS, belt or survey wheel mode. You should first read though the previous section on 2D data collection and understand basic 2D before attempting to collect 3D data.

  • Page 34: The Three Collection Methods

    Since you define the grid coordinates and the profiles as all equal length, the SIR 20 will know when to stop data collection and close each profile. Data collected in this mode is easier to collect and less prone to operator positioning error.
  • Page 35 Start/Finish time and add other pertinent notes. • Note the gray button for Output Path. This is the location where the SIR 20 will store your data files. This location was set previously in View > Customize. •...
  • Page 36 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual This window allows you to set grid size and line spacing. Enter in the appropriate values for your survey area. • If you only want to collect data in one direction, leave a zero in the line spacing box of the direction (e.g., X or Y) that you do not want to collect.
  • Page 37 Figure 30: Attach a Macro or Create a New One. • There are no pre-saved macros on the system, so if you are using your SIR 20 for the first time you will need to create one. Click the button for Create New Macro and click Finish. The antenna will initialize, you will see a clock counting a few seconds and then the following window will open.
  • Page 38 GSSI recommends that you leave the Auto Position servo ON until you are familiar with the effects of moving the signal up or down in the time range window. Please note that the ‘zero’ time on the SIR 20 is indicated by the value of 100.
  • Page 39 In addition, RADAN functions such as vertical and horizontal filtering, FFT filtering, Spectrum transformation and Hilbert envelope processing will not operate correctly on the data. If you prefer to leave the gain setting up to the SIR 20, make sure that Auto Gain Servo is enabled.
  • Page 40 Note: You must pay careful attention to the prompt area while you are collecting a 3D survey. The SIR 20 will tell you what to do and where to go at each step of data collection. If you miss one of the system cues you may have to re-scan a line or the entire grid.

  • Page 41: Setup For Survey Belt

    Enter in information to describe your project area. You can give the project a title, job number, start/finish time and add other pertinent notes. • Note the gray button for Output Path. This is the location where the SIR 20 will store your data files. This location was set by you in View > Customize. •...
  • Page 42 A GPS is required for Survey Belt data collection. • Pay special attention to the data validity information. Your SIR 20 will analyze the signal from the GPS and determine if the data is valid. It makes this determination based on the number of satellites that the GPS can see.
  • Page 43 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Figure 37: Survey Belt Grid Geometry. Survey belt data collection positioning is largely automated. As a result, grid size is limited to a maximum of 20 meters or 48 feet. Your grids can be smaller than these dimensions, but not larger. You can only collect single direction profiles (along the Y axis) as opposed to bidirectional.
  • Page 44 Figure 39: Attach a Macro or Create a New One. • There are no pre-saved macros on the system, so if you are using your SIR 20 for the first time you will need to create one. Click the button for Create New Macro and click Finish. The antenna...
  • Page 45 GSSI recommends that you leave the Auto Position servo ON until you are familiar with the effects of moving the signal up or down in the time range window. Please note that the ‘zero’ time on the SIR 20 is indicated by the value of 100.
  • Page 46 If you selected an antenna in the Config Name box in Step 7, the correct settings have already been input into the system configuration. GSSI recommends that inexperienced users accept the default filter settings.
  • Page 47 Note: You must pay careful attention to the prompt area while you are collecting a 3D survey. The SIR 20 will tell you what to do and where to go at each step of data collection. If you miss one of the system cues you may have to re-scan a line or the entire grid.

  • Page 48: Setup For Survey Wheel

    You will need to lay out a carefully defined grid with profile lines stretching perpendicular to a baseline. With survey wheel controlled 3D, you will have to tell the SIR 20 when to stop collecting each individual file. You will do this by holding down the marker button on your antenna tow handle for at least 5 seconds when you reach the end of each profile line.
  • Page 49 Enter in information to describe your project area. You can give the project a title, a job number, a start/finish time and add pertinent notes. • Note the gray button for Output Path. This is the location where the SIR 20 will store your data files. This location was set by you in View > Customize. •...
  • Page 50 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual This window allows you to set grid size and line spacing. Enter the appropriate values for your survey area. If you only want to collect data in one direction, leave a zero in the line spacing box of the direction that you do not want to collect.
  • Page 51 Figure 48: Attach a Macro or Create a New One. • There are no pre-saved macros on the system, so if you are using your SIR 20 for the first time you will need to create one. Click the button for Create New Macro and click Finish. The antenna...
  • Page 52 GSSI recommends that you leave the Auto Position servo ON until you are familiar with the effects of moving the signal up or down in the time range window. Please note that the ‘zero’ time on the SIR 20 is indicated by the value of 100.
  • Page 53 In addition, RADAN functions such as vertical and horizontal filtering, FFT filtering, Spectrum transformation and Hilbert envelope processing will not operate correctly on the data. If you prefer to leave the gain setting up to the SIR 20, make sure that Auto Gain Servo is enabled.
  • Page 54 Note: You must pay careful attention to the prompt area while you are collecting a 3D survey. The SIR 20 will tell you what to do and where to go at each step of data collection. If you miss one of the system cues you may have to re-scan a line or the entire grid.
  • Page 55 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Helpful Hint: If you need to redo a line or skip a line, use the turquoise arrows at the bottom to move to the correct location. Helpful Hint: If you need to end a profile line early due to an obstacle, hold down the marker button on your minicart for at least five seconds.
  • Page 56 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual MN92-078 Rev F...

  • Page 57: Chapter 4: Information For Structurescan Users

    SIR 20 is powered up. Just because the laptop is on does not mean that the SIR 20 is also receiving power. The laptop can run for a short time from its internal battery.
  • Page 58 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Figure 53: Initial SS Linescan Screen. • To set Project and Notes information and name the file, click (F2) and enter desired information. You can also click the Set Time box to have Linescan put the laptop’s current time stamp on your data file.
  • Page 59 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Important Note: If you have a blue metal minicart and are using it with a Model 5100B or 5101 (orange padded bag), you must hold down the red deadman switch on your cart to continue operation. If you do not hold down the switch , the antenna transmitter will not turn on and you will get a flat signal.
  • Page 60 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Figure 55: Linescan Collection Screen. Cursor coordinates are displayed in the upper left corner of display when the left mouse button is pressed. The distance coordinate is the position of the antenna center, the depth coordinate will change as you move the cursor vertically in the window.
  • Page 61 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual After Collection The depth scale can be calibrated using a known target. If the depth of a visible target is known (slab thickness, rebar depth): If setting depth on file being collected: Close file Press (F8).
  • Page 62 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Open Second File (F3) Two saved data files can be displayed on the screen at once. • Click (F2) to open the first file (this will appear on the top). • Click (F3) to open second file. Note: The cursor information is active in both windows.

  • Page 63: Structurescan

    Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual StructureScan StructureScan is designed for use with the Model 5100 (1.5 GHz) or Model 5100B (1.6 GHz) antenna, survey minicart, and black rubberized scan pad. You will need to survey each one of the 26 lines completely and in order.
  • Page 64 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Figure 61: StructureScan Setup Screen. If you have a minicart with an LCD counter on it, click the red button on the counter to set it to zero and click the marker button on the cart handle once to set it to one. This will help you to keep track of your survey line location.
  • Page 65 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Collect the first line of data. The back wheels of the survey cart should be past the last line on the survey pad to complete scans. Press the marker button. The number in the encoder window should advance by 1, and a mark will be inserted into the data (this will be visible once you begin collecting the next line of data.) Align the antenna on Line 2 ...
  • Page 66 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Open data file. Go to File > Open and find the pad file that you collected. It will have the root name of your project and a number tag. All GPR data files will have the file extension .dzt. Because of StructureScan data collection settings, the display gain will initially be very weak.
  • Page 67 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Figure 65: Migration Comparisons. MN92-078 Rev F...

  • Page 68: Structure Scan Optical (Optical Scan)

    Optical Scan will allow you to collect 3D data that can be quickly and easily imaged directly on the SIR 20 in RADAN. Optical Scan is best for those times when you either have complicated layouts or dangerous materials in the slab and you need that added confidence of seeing the whole picture before you cut or core.
  • Page 69 SIR 20 will beep once. Scan the line. If you are going too fast, the SIR 20 will beep to tell you. If the system has beeped, finish the line and scan it again.
  • Page 70 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Align cart with first survey line Mark corner registration points Figure 68: Pad scanning. Once you have finished the last line, press Make 3D File button to stop data collection, save your file, and go directly to processing..

  • Page 71: C-Scan Display Of Data And Joining Grids

    Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual C-Scan Display of Data and Joining Grids Once you are satisfied with the processing, click Depth Slice button for the C-scan. RADAN will ask you how deeply you want to display. To change Parameters, right-click in Depth Slice View Window: •...
  • Page 72 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Combining StructureScan and Optical Scan Grids Multiple grid pads can be combined into one large Depth Slice file. • Grid pads must be processed before they can be combined into a Super3D map. If your pads were all collected on the same concrete, make sure to process them all with the same velocity.

  • Page 73: Chapter 5: Using A Gps With Your Sir 20

    Chapter 5: Using a GPS with your SIR 20 Your SIR 20 is capable of attaching GPS coordinates to individual data profiles. This will allow you to place the beginning and the end of your survey lines into a larger, real-world coordinate system provided that you: 1) Survey in straight lines and 2) Have a GPS with sufficient accuracy for your application.

  • Page 74: Understanding Gps

    Manual Figure 72: GPS Enable Window. If your GPS is functioning and communicating with the SIR 20, you will see location information, a time stamp, number of satellites detected, a measure of signal quality, and either Data Valid or Invalid. Your location information will not be adequate if you are tracking fewer than 4 satellites.
  • Page 75 5 meters 95% of the time to less than 3 meters. WAAS is now available even in the less expensive GPS units and is recommended. It is included in the G30L system supported by GSSI. MN92-078 Rev F...

  • Page 76: Using The G30L With The Sir 20 And Radan 6

    Using the G30L with the SIR 20 and RADAN 6 The G30L is now an optional accessory to our SIR 20. It is a GPS datalogger with no external controls. It will store up to 15 hours of GPS data that can be downloaded at any time. The only caveat is that once it fills its memory, it stops.
  • Page 77 Note: The G30 data logger is our preferred GPS. We do not have the resources to support all the myriad GPS products that can be used with the SIR 20. And since we believe the header update and the *.TMF interface is flexible enough to meet most GPS needs, we offer this technical note as our only assistance for non-standard use.

  • Page 78: Addendum A

    RADAN File Header Format (SIR 20) Please note: This information is being provided for informational use only. It is not supported by GSSI technical support and is only provided for those users who are already comfortable working in a C programming environment.
  • Page 79 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual C. Radan Header structure struct tagRFHeader // Offset in bytes short rh_tag; // 0x00ff if header, 0xfnff for old file short rh_data; // constant 1024 (obsolete) short rh_nsamp; // samples per scan short rh_bits;...

  • Page 80: Addendum B

    Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Addendum B Time Marks File Format (SIR 20) A. Internal structures struct RGPS // GPS record/system time SYNC char RecordType[4]; // “GGA” DWORD TickCount; // CPU tick count double PositionGPS[4]; // Latitude (positive if 'N'), //Longitude (positive if ‘E’),...

  • Page 81: Appendix A: Sir 20 System Specifications

    Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Appendix A: SIR 20 System Specifications Antennas: Records data from 1 or 2 hardware Radar System Connectors channels simultaneously; 1 to 4 data channels, ♦ (2) Antenna inputs selectable. ♦ (1) 12 VDC input power Display Modes: Linescan and Oscilloscope.
  • Page 82 1025 2048 Limited only by computer hard disk capacity Does not include antenna figures. Rates @ 100 KHz PRF * Not all GSSI antennas can be operated at this high of a PRF. Max Rate (scans/sec) Sample 1 ch 2 ch...

  • Page 83: Appendix B: The How-To's Of Field Survey

    Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Appendix B: The How-To’s of Field Survey As the old saying goes: “Garbage in, Garbage out.” The biggest single factor affecting the quality of your data and your ability to make decisions based on it, is the accuracy of your data collection. This appendix has instructions and helpful hints to get you into the habit of collecting quality data from the beginning.
  • Page 84 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Subsurface Conditions If you are working with concrete, try to make sure that the concrete has had some curing time. Three months is usually adequate for a standard slab on grade, while a suspended slab may cure faster. The best solution is to practice on slabs of different ages so that you have a first-hand feel of the way they will look.
  • Page 85 6-24/ft. While this is more than the minimum rule of thumb, GSSI has found these densities to work well in the widest variety of situations. The image above shows hyperbolas from objects of similar size. The hyperbolas vary in size because, due to the wide beam of the radar signal, a deeper target shows reflections in more scans than a shallow one.
  • Page 86 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Lower frequency antennas, like the 200 MHz and 400 MHz, will Frequency “Hazy” Zone sometimes not image targets close to the surface very well. While inches (cm) not strictly a ‘dead zone’ you should be aware that it may be difficult (but not impossible!) to see targets in this area.
  • Page 87 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Collecting data for 3D imaging obviously takes more time than 2D collection. While the SIR 3000 makes it faster and easier than it has ever been before, it can still add significant time (and cost) to a job. It also requires some software processing to produce an interpretable image.
  • Page 88 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual MN92-078 Rev F...

  • Page 89: Appendix C: Listing Of Antenna Parameters

    Manual Appendix C: Listing of Antenna Parameters The SIR 20 comes with preloaded setups to fit the system’s data collection parameters and filters to the most commonly used, currently available GSSI antennas. Settings for additional antennae are also provided below to assist you in creating a setup for an older or specialized antenna. Please note that these are only generalized setups, and it may be necessary to alter these to your particular situation.
  • Page 90 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Current and Recent Antennas 1.6 GHz (Model 5100B) 1.6 GHz ground coupled antenna. Depth of viewing window is approximately 18 inches in concrete. Setting is optimized for scanning of structural features in concrete. Range: 12 ns, (maximum 20 ns) Samples per Scan: 512 Resolution: 16 bits...
  • Page 91 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual 900 MHz (Model 3101D) 900 MHz ground coupled antenna. Depth of viewing window is approximately 1 m assuming a dielectric constant of 5. Pulse duration is 1.1 ns. Range: 15 ns Samples per Scan: 512 Resolution: 16 bits Number of gain points: 2 Vertical High Pass Filter: 225 MHz...
  • Page 92 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual 270 MHz (Model 5104) 270 MHz ground coupled antenna. Middle frequency antenna optimized for mid-range profiling. Range: 150ns Samples per Scan: 512 Resolution: 16 bits Number of gain points: 5 Vertical High Pass Filter: 50 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter: 750 MHz Scans per second: 100 Transmit Rate: 100 KHz...
  • Page 93 D or S which noted whether that setup is for Deep or Shallow prospecting. Please note that many of these antennae have a different listed transmit rate than the default one on the SIR 20. The transmit rate listed here is the rate that the antenna was tested and rated at.
  • Page 94 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual 100 High Power Subecho 40 Data Collection Mode: Continuous 100 MHz antenna with high power transmitter. Range: 1000ns Data Collection Mode: Continuous Samples per Scan: 512 Range: 500ns Resolution: 16 bits Samples per Scan: 512 Number of gain points: 5 Resolution: 16 bits Vertical High Pass Filter: 10 MHz...
  • Page 95 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual MLF 240 cm MLF 600 cm Low Frequency antenna length 2.4m Low Frequency antenna set to a length of 6.0m Data Collection Mode: Point Data Collection Mode: Point Range: 500ns Range: 1000ns Samples per Scan: 512 Samples per Scan: 512 Resolution: 16 bits Resolution: 16 bits...
  • Page 96 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual MN92-078 Rev F...

  • Page 97: Appendix D: Glossary Of Terms And Suggestions For Further Reading

    Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Appendix D: Glossary of Terms and Suggestions for Further Reading. Antenna: a paired transmitter and receiver that sends electromagnetic energy into a material and receives any reflections of that energy from materials in the ground. Also called a transducer. Antennae are commonly referred to by their center frequency value (i.e.
  • Page 98 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Migration: mathematical calculation used to remove outlying tails of a hyperbola and to accurately fix the position of a target. Nano-second: unit of measurement for recording the time delay between transmission of a radar pulse and reception of that pulse’s reflections.
  • Page 99 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Further Reading Davis, J.L., Annan, A.P. Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting 37, 531–551. Conyers, Lawrence B., and Dean Goodman Ground Penetrating Radar: An Introduction for Archaeologists. Altamira Press. Hatton, L., Worthington, M.H., and Makin, J.
  • Page 100 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SIR® 20 Manual Useful Websites: Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc.: www.geophysical.com United States Department of Agriculture Soils Website: http://soils.usda.gov/ USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Ground Penetrating Radar Program: http://nesoil.com/gpr/ USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service, GPR Soil Suitability http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/use/maps/?cid=nrcs142p2_053622 USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Web Soil Survey http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm...

Table of Contents