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Magni Gyro M-16 C Flight Manual

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025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G
02 March 2016
TITLE : M16C FLIGHT MANUAL
CODE : 025-00-16C
PRODUCT : M-16 C
ISSUE
DATE
COMPILED
CHECKED
APPROVED
G
March 2016
Marco Tessari
Luca Varieze Magni
Marco Tessari
APPROVED
Pietro Magni
Magni Gyro srl
I-21010 BESNATE (VA) Via Volpina 23 Tel. + 39 0331 274816
Fax + 39 0331 274817
E-mail :
info@magnigyro.it
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  • Page 1 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 TITLE : M16C FLIGHT MANUAL CODE : 025-00-16C PRODUCT : M-16 C ISSUE DATE COMPILED CHECKED APPROVED March 2016 Marco Tessari Luca Varieze Magni Marco Tessari APPROVED Pietro Magni Magni Gyro srl I-21010 BESNATE (VA) Via Volpina 23 Tel.
  • Page 2 Constructors Serial Number: Aircraft Designed and constructed by: Magni Gyro Ref DAI/9516/95 Pilot’s handbook prepared and issued by: Magni Gyro PILOTS HANDBOOK COPY NUMBER: This is the Pilot’s Handbook referred to on the Permit to fly. This gyroplane shall at all times be operated in accordance with this manual.
  • Page 3 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 GENERAL This Pilots Handbook applies only to the aircraft having the registration marks stated on page 2 It is the responsibility of the pilot to be familiar with the content of this handbook, including any amendments.
  • Page 4 It is the responsibility of the registered owner to insure that the amendments are incorporated in the Pilot’s Handbook, that the superseded pages are removed and that the receipt form, enclosed with the Amendment List is signed and returned to Magni Gyro Ltd Amendment List No...
  • Page 5 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 5...
  • Page 6 No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission from Magni Gyro. Copyright 2016 by Magni Gyro. All rights reserved. Page 6...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 INDEX INTRODUCTION ..............................10 OBJECT.................................10 PERMITTED OPERATIONS........................10 LAY-OUT..............................10 CHECKLISTS ...............................10 DEFINITIONS...............................11 PERFORMANCE ............................12 DICTIONARY OF TERMS COMMONLY USED IN THE AERONAUTICAL SECTOR ......13 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE..............15 THE GYROPLANE ............................15 OVERALL DIMENSIONS...........................
  • Page 8 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.17.1 ROTOR CONTROLS ..........................41 2.17.2 DIRECTION CONTROLS ........................42 2.18 BRAKING SYSTEM .............................43 2.19 COCKPIT ..............................45 2.20 SAFETY BELTS ............................45 2.21 EXTERNAL LIGHTING SYSTEM ......................46 2.22 INTERNAL LIGHTING..........................46 2.23 SERVICE - REFUELING DATA ........................47 2.23.1 FUELS ..........................
  • Page 9 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 OPERATION LIMITS ............................78 INTRODUCTION ............................78 MINIMUM CREW ............................78 LIMITATIONS OF POWER .........................78 ENGINE RUNAWAY ...........................78 SPEED LIMITS .............................80 FLIGHT MANOEUVRES LIMITATIONS ....................80 LOAD FACTOR LIMITATIONS........................81 HEIGHT-VELOCITY ENVELOPE ......................81 C OF G LIMITATIONS ..........................81 5.10 LOAD LIMITATIONS ..........................81 5.11...

  • Page 10: Introduction

    INTRODUCTION 1.1 OBJECT The present manual is intended to give all the necessary information, which the operator flying the M-16 C gyroplane must comply with in order to satisfy the safety and efficiency requirements. The instructions provide the pilot with a general knowledge of the gyroplane and of its features, as well as with a specific knowledge of the normal and emergency operation procedures.

  • Page 11: Definitions

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 1.5 DEFINITIONS To ensure a safe functioning of the gyroplane, specific symbols are used in this manual to highlight the importance of particular notions, according to their importance. The symbols used in this manual are described below: WARNING DANGER: Operation, technical and other procedures which, if not followed carefully, may expose the operator to the risk of serious accident or death.

  • Page 12: Performance

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 12...

  • Page 13: Dictionary Of Terms Commonly Used In The Aeronautical Sector

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 1.7 DICTIONARY OF TERMS COMMONLY USED IN THE AERONAUTICAL SECTOR CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE FLYDAT ROTAX DIGITAL ENGINE INSTRUMENTATION DISPLAY GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT GLIDE ANGLE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM KNOTS (kts) INDICATED AIRSPEED LEXAN...
  • Page 14 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 14...

  • Page 15: General Description And Instructions For Use

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 SECTION 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE 2.1 THE GYROPLANE The M-16 Tandem Trainer is a single-engine two-seat gyroplane with a primary structure made of steel and a semi-fairing made of a combination of glass fibre and carbon cloth. The gyroplane is equipped with a fixed front tricycle landing gear.

  • Page 16: Overall Dimensions

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.2 OVERALL DIMENSIONS Figure 1 – M16 Overall Dimensions The overall dimensions are indicated below: • Rotor diameter 8535 mm (28') • Total length 4700 mm • Width 1800 mm • Height (without rotor) 2650 mm •...

  • Page 17: General Configuration

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.4 GENERAL CONFIGURATION 2.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF MAIN COMPONENTS 1 - Rotor 2 - Rotor blade hub-bar 3 - Rotor head 4 - Rotor brake 5 - Bendix gear 6 - Rotor control rods 7 - Trim control unit 8 - Trim actuator 9 - Fork unit...

  • Page 18: Description Of Cockpit

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.4.2 DESCRIPTION OF COCKPIT 1 - Instrument panel 2 - Engine data digital display 3 - Warning lights line 4 - Pumps control line 5 - Navigation instrument line 6 - Circuit breakers line 7 - Steering rudder pedals (rudder and nose wheel) 8 - Footboard 9 - Control stick handle...

  • Page 19: Description Of Instrument Panel

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.4.3 DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENT PANEL 1 - MASTER Master switch Ignition key Start push button - choke 5A push button breaker for fuel pumps Main and auxiliary pumps switches Landing light switch Stroboscopic lights switch Warning lights line 8 a DANGER...
  • Page 20 N/A for Rotax 914 All the main components of the gyroplane are listed in this chapter. Whenever communicating with MAGNI GYRO (via telephone, e-mail, fax, etc.), pilots and operators should always use the same terminology in order to identify the components safely.

  • Page 21: Engine

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.5 ENGINE The M-16 model is fitted with a four-stroke ROTAX 914 engine equipped with four horizontal opposed cylinders, turbocharger and mixed water-air cooling. The engine is fixed to the structure (1) through a mounting (2) equipped with suitable vibration damping systems (3), behind the passenger seat, in thrust configuration.
  • Page 22 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 11 - stainless steel exhaust 21 - connection for oil 31 – 2x pressure sensors 1 - engine number system return line (engine) 22 - connection for oil 32 - connection for mechanical rev 2 - propeller flange 12 - turbocharger return line (turbo)

  • Page 23: Lubrication System

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.6 LUBRICATION SYSTEM The ROTAX 914 engine is fitted with a "dry-crankcase" type lubrication system. The lubricant is contained in a dedicated tank, separated from the engine unit and positioned within the limits allowed by the engine installation manual.

  • Page 24: Intake System

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 INTAKE SYSTEM The engine is fitted with two carburetors. A turbine placed upstream of the carburetors is driven by the exhaust gases. Through the compressor it can vary the pressure inside the engine's intake duct, thus increasing its performance and limiting the effects of altitude density.

  • Page 25: Fuel System

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.8 FUEL SYSTEM The fuel is conveyed to the engine carburetors by two electric pumps, which are fed by two separate electric circuits. See Figure 2.8/1. 2.8.1 MAIN LINE The fuel system's main line consists of a tank, a fuel filter, two electric pumps, two non-return valves and a pressure regulator.
  • Page 26 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 26...

  • Page 27: Fuel Quantity Data

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.8.2 FUEL QUANTITY DATA Maximum capacity of fuel tank 72 litres Usable fuel quantity 69 litres Not usable fuel quantity 3 litres 2.9 COOLING SYSTEM (see fig. 2.9/1) The engine is equipped with an air-water type cooling system. The heads of the ROTAX 914 engine are water-cooled by a cooling system equipped with a vacuum pump (connected to the shaft) that sucks the coolant from the radiator.
  • Page 28 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 28...

  • Page 29: Propeller

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.10 PROPELLER The gyroplane is fitted with a three-bladed Arplast ECO GL3 ground adjustable pitch propeller. The standard pitch for the motorization of a ROTAX 914 engine is 12° 45’ when measured at the end of the propeller.

  • Page 30: Engine Controls

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.11 ENGINE CONTROLS The engine has three main controls: - Ignition key - Throttle lever - Choke lever But, to use the engine, it is necessary to use all the controls indicated in Fig. 2.11/2: master switch, switches of main and auxiliary pumps, push buttons of fuel pumps, ignition key in its various positions and start push button (starter).

  • Page 31: Throttle Lever

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.11.2 THROTTLE LEVER The throttle lever (1) allows the engine speed (r.p.m.) to be varied and thus to vary the power delivered. Moving the throttle forward opens the carburetors' throttle valve, thus increasing the power delivered. Moving the throttle backward reduces the power delivered.

  • Page 32: Ignition Key

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.11.3 IGNITION KEY (see fig. 2.11/3) 1 - Master SWITCH 2 - Ignition key 2A - OFF: De-energized position 2B - R: Right magneto is on 2C - L: Left magneto in on 2D - BOTH: Both magneto are on 3 - Start push button - choke 4 - Fuel pumps circuit breakers...

  • Page 33: Engine Instruments

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.12 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS 2.12.1 DIGITAL ENGINE MONITORING SYSTEM (FLYDAT) All the engine's instruments are grouped in the FLYDAT digital instrument supplied by ROTAX. The FLYDAT instrument is placed on the left side of the instrument panel. It permits to monitor 9 engine operation parameters: 1.

  • Page 34: Fuel Pressure Indicator

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 In the standard configuration, all the temperatures are expressed in °C. FLYDAT also shows: 10 – LED - if the light is green, indicates that the parameters are regular - if the light is red, indicates that the parameters are off limits 11 - Input or output data connection For more information on the functions of this instrument, please see the FLYDAT OPERATOR'S MANUAL.

  • Page 35: Electric Installation

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.13 ELECTRIC INSTALLATION The installation is fed with a 12 V - 18 Ah battery and is fitted with an auxiliary outlet (OPTIONAL). The figure below shows all the devices available on the gyroplane. In order to allow a quick identification, the reference numbers indicated in the list are also shown in the wiring diagram.
  • Page 36 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Figure 2.13.2 – Electrical System Wiring Diagram Page 36...

  • Page 37: Electric System Various Devices

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.13.1 ELECTRIC SYSTEM VARIOUS DEVICES Page 37...
  • Page 38 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 38...

  • Page 39: Flight Instruments

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.14 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.14.1 AIR-SPEED INDICATOR (ASI) (Item 1) An air-speed indicator is installed on the right side of the instrument panel. The air-speed indicator is gauged between 0 and 120 mph. The indicated speed is monitored according to the difference between dynamic pressure and static pressure.

  • Page 40: Navigation Instruments

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.15 NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS 2.15.1 COMPASS (Item 1) A standard magnetic compass is installed on the upper right hand section of the instrument panel. 2.16 CONTROL INSTRUMENTS 2.16.1 ROTOR REVOLUTION COUNTER rpm. (Item 2) The rotor revolution counter is placed above the FLYDAT instrument, on the left side of the instrument panel.

  • Page 41: Flight Controls

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.17 FLIGHT CONTROLS The three axes are controlled by the displacement of the rotor, which is articulated on the transversal axis, longitudinal axis and by the tail rudder. 2.17.1 ROTOR CONTROLS The flight controls on the rotor are mechanical.

  • Page 42: Direction Controls

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.17.2 DIRECTION CONTROLS The flight controls on the tail rudder are transmitted through cables and pulleys. The control pedals operate the rudder as well as the front wheel, thus determining the steering. The tail rudder is equipped with a fixed-type trim surface and cannot be controlled by the pilot.

  • Page 43: Braking System

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.18 BRAKING SYSTEM The M-16 model is fitted with conical disk hydraulic brakes. The hydraulic braking system is composed of operating levers, main pump, brake line and brake-blocks. The pump is equipped with an integrated tank for oil. The type of oil used in this system is either DOT 3 or DOT 4.
  • Page 44 025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 The brake lever is equipped with a parking brake lock. The lock is rotated to locate on the pin protruding from the main brake lever. The lock is secured by friction and is self releasing once the brake lever is squeezed back towards the throttle lever.

  • Page 45: Cockpit

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.19 COCKPIT The commander pilot sits in the front seat while the passenger or instructor sits in the rear seat. The seats are not adjustable in height. The lengthwise adjustment is done through the pedals, which can be adjusted according to the pilot's leg length.

  • Page 46: External Lighting System

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.21 EXTERNAL LIGHTING SYSTEM (Item 1) The external lighting system is composed of: • Landing light (in the front part of the fuselage). • Anti-collision lights (on request) (stroboscope in the upper part of the mast and under the fuselage). 2.22 INTERNAL LIGHTING As night flights are strictly forbidden with this configuration of M-16 model, the instrument panel is not equipped with instrument lighting.

  • Page 47: Service - Refueling Data

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.23 SERVICE - REFUELING DATA 2.23.1 FUELS The following fuels can be used: AVGAS 100LL places greater stress on the valve seats due to its high lead content and forms increased deposits in the combustion chamber and lead sediments in the oil system.

  • Page 48: Lubricants

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 2.23.3 LUBRICANTS Oil: Motorcycle oil of a registered brand with gear additives. If using aircraft engine oil; than only a blended one. Oil specification: Use only oil with API classification “SG” or higher! •...
  • Page 49 025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 49...

  • Page 50: Flight Procedure

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 SECTION 3 FLIGHT PROCEDURE 3.1 OPERATION LIMITS See SECTION 5. 3.2 FLIGHT PLANNING The reference data for flight planning are described in the APPENDICES. 3.3 TAKE-OFF AND LANDING DATA The information necessary to find the takeoff and landing data is contained in APPENDIX 2. NOTE: The technique for take-off on rough grass is to spin up to a higher rotor rpm than usual to be able to accelerate at max continuous power until balancing on main wheels.

  • Page 51: Daily Preflight Checks

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 3.6 DAILY PREFLIGHT CHECKS WARNING DANGER: Perform these checks before the first flight of the day (gyroplane rigged and fuelled). A diligent and comprehensive preflight check is an essential factor for safe operation of any aircraft.

  • Page 52: Inner Checks

    025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 3.6.1 INNER CHECKS 1. INSTRUMENT PANEL Check that the MASTER switch is in OFF-position and that all the breakers are switched OFF. 2. CHECK OF PEDALS Check the condition and linkage of the rudder pedals. Ensure full and free movement over the entire range (nose wheel off ground).
  • Page 53 025-00-16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 8. FREEDOM AND ENTIRENESS OF CONTROL RODS Closely examine the state and safety of the safety points on the control rods, linkages, bearings and fiberlock nuts. There should be insignificant play in the "Uniball" rod end bearings and no evidence of corrosion or damage.
  • Page 54 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 14. EXHAUST SYSTEM, RIGHT HAND SIDE Verify the entireness of the exhaust system, checking that there are no cracks in the exhaust pipes. Check the correct fixing of the exhaust gas temperature probes. 15.
  • Page 55 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 WARNING: This operation must be done taking advantage of the tank transparency. Keep the gyroplane on three points (nose down) so as to be able to correctly evaluate the quantity of fuel in the tank.
  • Page 56 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 WARNING: INITIALLY THE DAILY/PREFLIGHT CHECKS MAY SEEM A LONG PROCEDURE, BUT WITH EXPERIENCE, THE PILOT WILL SOON BECOME FAMILIAR WITH ALL THE ASPECTS OF THE AIRCRAFT AND WHAT IS CORRECT OR NOT. THE CHECK IS ORGANIZED INTO A LOGICAL PATTERN THAT MAKES ONE COMPLETE ROUND OF THE GYROPLANE AND BECOMES SECOND NATURE WITH PRACTICE.

  • Page 57: Ordinary Maintenance Schedule

    3.6.3 ORDINARY MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE The correct maintenance of the gyroplane avoids troubles and inconvenience that can compromise the safety of flight operations. Magni Gyro strongly recommends complying with the published M16C Maintenance Schedule – 045-00-16C. Page 57...

  • Page 58: Engine Procedures

    Refer to the Magni Gyro Gyroplane Pilot's Flight Manual before attempting an engine start sequence. Once the engine is started and warmed up, carry out a full functional check of all the engine indicating systems and of its warming up.

  • Page 59: Use Of Hot Air To Carburetors

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 3.7.3 USE OF HOT AIR TO CARBURETORS Not applicable for the ROTAX 914 engine 3.7.4 ENGINE STARTING WARNING DANGER: Before starting the engine, make sure that the area surrounding the propeller is free of objects and people.

  • Page 60: Starting Failed

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 than 10 seconds at a time and then to wait 1 minute before pressing again. 14. OIL PRESSURE check the pressure on the FLYDAT instrument and make sure the pressure rises within the limits requested (from 1,5 up to 5,0 bar). WARNING: Should the pressure not reach the minimum specified level within 10 seconds, stop the engine and look for the defect.

  • Page 61: Check Of Taxiing Area

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 RADIO CALL - On request 3.8.2 CHECK OF TAXIING AREA MOVEMENT AREA - Free ROTOR BRAKE - ON, brake lever raised, brake warning light on ROTOR - Check dimensions, rotor along longitudinal axis BRAKES - Check effectiveness FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS –...
  • Page 62 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 62...

  • Page 63: Pre-Takeoff Checks

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 3.9 PRE-TAKEOFF CHECKS NOTE: Before entering the runway and while in the taxi holding point, execute the pre-takeoff checks as scrupulously as possible. 1. CHECK STICK RETAINER IS APPLIED 2. CHOKE - OFF lever lowered 3.
  • Page 64 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 AT LIMIT STOP OF PRE-ROTATION LEVER 6. ENGINE r.p.m. - Gently increase the engine speed ( 5 , 2 ) until reaching 200 r.p.m. of the rotor (standard pre-rotation). WARNING DANGER: The minimum rotor pre-rotation value is 150 r.p.m.

  • Page 65: Take-Off

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 3.11 TAKE-OFF NOTE: DEFINITIONS: CIRCUIT: the circuit is composed of four legs connected by 90° turns TAKEOFF LEG: climb CROSSWIND LEG: climbing until reaching the circuit level DOWNWIND LEG AND BASE: in horizontal flight FINAL: alignment for landing 1.
  • Page 66 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 66...

  • Page 67: Take-Off With Cross Wind

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 NOTE: OPERATIONS TO EXECUTE THE TRIMMING Keep the trim necessary to reach the desired speed by pulling up the control stick with a constant effort. Operate the trim switch (7) to pull up (backward) until reducing the load on the control stick.
  • Page 68 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 WARNING DANGER: Maximum cross-wind component for take-off is 25kts Page 68...

  • Page 69: Landing

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 3.12 LANDING Power Idling Speed 65 mph Maintain alignment with runway with rudder pedals and control stick. At 2-3 meters from ground - first flare gently to reduce the glide path with a slight reduction of speed. Continue to progressive flare to level in ground effect.

  • Page 70: Engine Stop

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 3.12.3 ENGINE STOP FIG 3.13/6 SPEGNIMENTO MOTORE ENGINE STOP NOTE: To stop the engine, the operations done on the instrument panel must be done from right to left. With gyroplane braked and in parking position. 1.

  • Page 71: Unusual Manoeuvres

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 3.13 UNUSUAL MANOEUVRES 3.13.1 SLOW FLIGHT AND FLIGHT BEHIND THE POWER CURVE Purpose Reduce speed until reaching desired rating conditions 65 mph -> 40 mph Preparation Constant direction Level flight over 500 ft - 65 mph Execution Reduce engine Check trim...
  • Page 72 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 72...

  • Page 73: Emergency Procedures

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 SECTION 4 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 4.1 GENERAL This section contains the procedures to follow in case of emergency. It is extremely important to know these procedures so as to be able to manage any emergency situation and apply the appropriate remedies, thus resolving the situation in maximum safety conditions.

  • Page 74: Fire On Ground

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 4.5 FIRE ON GROUND Turn off engine magneto switches, flick Master switch to “OFF” and abandon aircraft. Make call to emergency services 4.6 FIRE IN FLIGHT If engine fire: Turn off engine magneto switches, turn off fuel pumps, make emergency landing, flick Master switch to “OFF”...

  • Page 75: Engine Start In The Flight

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 4.8 ENGINE START IN FLIGHT The engine should not be deliberately stopped in flight except as part of forced landing training under the supervision of a competent instructor. Where practical, to limit engine damage, leave the engine to idle at 3000 rpm for about 30 sec to cool before turning it off.

  • Page 76: March

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 WARNING when LIGHT TYPE DESCRIPTION ACTION TO BE TAKEN the light is “on” Reduce power to ensure engine is within normal operating limits. Land Supplying pressure DANGER as soon as practicable. Contact an parameter in excess authorized service centre to eliminate the problem.
  • Page 77 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 77...

  • Page 78: Operation Limits

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 SECTION 5 OPERATION LIMITS 5.1 INTRODUCTION This section contains and describes the operation limits to observe when using the gyroplane. WARNING DANGER: Should one of the limits specified in the present section be exceeded, all the parts of the gyroplane will have to be carefully overhauled and checked.
  • Page 79 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Fig 5/1 Operation Limits Page 79...

  • Page 80: Speed Limits

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Several reference parameters are given below in order to be able to correct the propeller's pitch if needed. Climbing flight 65 mph Throttle lever at 100% 5100 - 5300 rpm Climbing flight 65 mph Throttle lever at 115% 5400 - 5600 rpm WARNING: For such r.p.m.

  • Page 81: Load Factor Limitations

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 5.7 LOAD FACTOR LIMITATIONS Considering a flight configuration of 500 kg, the maximum value of normal bearable acceleration is equal to + 3 g. A higher value will permanently deform the gyroplane's structure. Flight configuration load factor 500 kg + 3 g 5.8 HEIGHT-VELOCITY ENVELOPE...

  • Page 82: External Loads

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 5.12 EXTERNAL LOADS WARNING DANGER: Applying loads or luggage on the outside of the fuselage is forbidden. 5.13 TAKEOFF AND LANDING LIMITATIONS The maximum crosswind component allowed for takeoff and landing operations is 25 kts. NOTE: Technique for take-off on rough grass is to spin up to a higher rotor rpm than usual to be able to accelerate at max continuous power until balancing on main wheels.
  • Page 83 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 83...

  • Page 84: Flight Characteristics

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 SECTION 6 FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS 6.1 GENERAL FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS The flight characteristics of this gyroplane are such that they generally allow pleasure, work and sport activities, but not acrobatics. 6.2 FLIGHT CONTROLS The flight controls are of traditional type and operate on three axes (longitudinal, transversal and vertical).

  • Page 85: High Speed And Cruising Speed

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 In any flight configuration, the roll and pitch controls are efficient until FWD speed zero. In any flight configuration, the yawing control is fully efficient until falling below the speed of 20 mph. It is also fully efficient until reaching speed zero, but only if the engine's speed is above 3000 r.p.m.

  • Page 86: Flight In Adverse Conditions

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 SECTION 7 FLIGHT IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS 7.1 INTRODUCTION The procedures to follow when flying in adverse conditions are described in the present chapter. 7.2 TURBULENCE OR STORMS WARNING DANGER: It is forbidden to fly during a storm or turbulence. Should a storm occur during a flight, change route or look for a suitable place to land.

  • Page 87: Snow, Ice, Rain

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 7.3 SNOW, ICE, RAIN The gyroplane is not fitted with anti-icing systems for the control surfaces of both propeller and rotor. WARNING DANGER: It is forbidden to fly whenever there is a possibility of ice formation on aerodynamic surfaces. It is forbidden to fly in snow conditions.

  • Page 88: Effects Of Snow, Ice And Rain During Takeoff

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 7.3.1 EFFECTS OF SNOW, ICE AND RAIN DURING TAKEOFF WARNING DANGER: Any takeoff operation is prohibited in case the runway is covered with ice or snow or if it is flooded. WARNING: In case of rain, taking-off is possible only if the visibility is sufficient to guarantee a safe operation.

  • Page 89: Low And High Temperatures

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 7.4 LOW AND HIGH TEMPERATURES 7.4.1 PROCEDURES UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS Starting the engine may be difficult in case of low temperature. Using the choke is always recommended. The use of external power supply units is allowed in case of difficult start due to low efficiency of the gyroplane battery.

  • Page 90: Appendices

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDICES Page 90...

  • Page 91: Cg Data

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 1 CG DATA Page 91...
  • Page 92 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Each aircraft is supplied with a weighing report from the factory detailing the empty weight and c.g. position of the gyroplane, when new. An example of which is shown below. Construction N° Aircraft Type Aircraft Registration Date...
  • Page 93 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 NOTE: Conversion rate for fuel mass is 1 litre fuel = 0.72kg Max permissible fuel loading is 500kg – aircraft empty weight – occupant weights. Example Fuel Calculation: 500kg – 285kg (aircraft empty weight) – 85kg (pilot) – 90kg (rear seat occupant) = 40kg fuel Fuel volume therefore = 40/0.72 = 55.5 litres Page 93...

  • Page 94: Performance Data

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 2 PERFORMANCE DATA Page 94...
  • Page 95 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 SPEEDS Best Rate of Climb speed 65 mph Never Exceed Speed 100 mph Min level flight speed 40 mph Landing approach speed 65 mph Power Off Min Control Speed - Power Off 25 mph Min Control Speed - Power On 25 mph...

  • Page 96: Height Velocity Diagram

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 3 HEIGHT VELOCITY DIAGRAM Page 96...
  • Page 97 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 M16C HEIGHT VELOCITY DIAGRAM Speed (mph) Page 97...

  • Page 98: Manoeuvre Limitations

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 4 MANOEUVRE LIMITATIONS Page 98...
  • Page 99 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 The aircraft shall be flown by day in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) only. Flight in icing conditions is prohibited. Flight in strong gusty winds or wind velocities of more than 40 kts is prohibited. Intentional spinning is prohibited.

  • Page 100: Engine Parameters

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 5 ENGINE PARAMETERS Page 100...
  • Page 101 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 101...
  • Page 102 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Take-Off Performance Continuous Throttle Performance Propeller Power Requirement Page 102...

  • Page 103: Voltmeter Device

    025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 6 VOLTMETER DEVICE Page 103...
  • Page 104 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 The aircraft is equipped with a voltmeter installed on the pilot instrument panel. If the device indicates a tension value less than 11V, land as soon as possible and stop flying. WARNING DANGER: It is forbidden to fly whenever the value of tension indicated is less than 11V.
  • Page 105 025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 105...

This manual is also suitable for:

Tandem trainer m-16Tandem trainer m-16c

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