Western Digital caviar blue xl500s Technical Reference Manual
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Western Digital caviar blue xl500s Technical Reference Manual

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WD Caviar
Blue
®
™
XL500S
SATA Hard Drives
WD5000AAKX
WD5000AAKS
WD3200AAKX
WD2500AAKX
WD CONFIDENTIAL

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Summary of Contents for Western Digital caviar blue xl500s

  • Page 1 WD Caviar Blue ® ™ XL500S SATA Hard Drives WD5000AAKX WD5000AAKS WD3200AAKX WD2500AAKX WD CONFIDENTIAL...
  • Page 2 WD. WD reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice. Western Digital, WD, the WD logo, and WD Caviar are registered trademarks; and WD Caviar Blue, IntelliSeek, NoTouch, Data Lifeguard, CacheFlow, and FIT Lab are trademarks of Western Digital Technologies, Inc.
  • Page 3 WD Caviar Blue XL500S Technical Reference Manual 2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)
  • Page 4 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-701211-A06...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    XL500S Table of Contents ABLE OF ONTENTS 1. D ....................1 ESCRIPTION AND EATURES 1.1 General Description ..................................1 1.2 Product Features .................................... 2 2. S ........................4 PECIFICATIONS 2.1 Performance Specifications ................................. 4 2.2 Physical Specifications.................................. 5 2.2.1 Physical Dimensions ..............................6 2.3 Mechanical Specifications................................
  • Page 6 Table of Contents XL500S 3.14.2 Activity Indication ................................24 3.15 CacheFlow™ ....................................24 3.15.1 Write Cache...................................25 3.15.2 Read Cache ...................................25 3.16 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) ..........................25 3.17 Power Management ..................................25 3.18 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)..................26 3.19 Security Mode ....................................26 3.19.1 Master and User Passwords ............................26 3.19.2 Security Levels ................................26 3.20 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM)..........................26...
  • Page 7 XL500S List of Figures IST OF IGURES Figure 2-1 Mounting Dimensions ............................7 Figure 2-2 Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location ....................11 Figure 2-3 Forced Airflow Direction ........................... 12 Figure 2-4 Standard Factory Connectors ......................... 13 Figure 5-1 SATA 6 Gb/s Jumper Settings........................42 Figure 5-2 SATA 3 Gb/s Jumper Settings........................
  • Page 8 List of Tables XL500S IST OF ABLES Table 2-1 Shock and Vibration ............................10 Table 2-2 Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions ......................13 Table 2-3 Full Model Number Description........................14 Table 4-1 ATA-8 Command Opcodes ..........................27 Table 4-2 Optional Subcommands ........................... 28 Table 4-3 Obsolete Command Opcodes .........................

  • Page 9: Description And Features

    XL500S Description and Features ESCRIPTION AND EATURES General Description This WD SATA drive combines up to 16 MB cache and 6 Gb/s transfer rate for lightning-fast performance and cool, quiet operation. WD’s IntelliSeek™ technology calculates the optimum seek speeds to lower power consumption, noise and vibration. And to increase reliability, NoTouch™...

  • Page 10: Product Features

    Description and Features XL500S Product Features Serial ATA (SATA) — Serial ATA (SATA) is the next generation bus interface for hard drives. It is designed to replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plug support.
  • Page 11 XL500S Description and Features Hot Plug Support — SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

  • Page 12: Specifications

    Specifications XL500S PECIFICATIONS Performance Specifications Average Latency 4.2 ms (nominal) Rotational Speed 7200 RPM (nominal) Data Transfer Rate (maximum) 6 Gb/s maximum (WDxxxxAAKX) - Buffer to Host 3 Gb/s maximum (WD5000AAKS) 126 MB/s sustained (maximum) - Host to/from Drive Interleave Buffer Size 16 MB Error Rate - Unrecoverable...

  • Page 13: Physical Specifications

    XL500S Specifications Physical Specifications WD5000AAKX WD3200AAKX WD2500AAKX Physical Specifications WD5000AAKS Capacity 500,107 MB 250,059 MB 320,072 Interface SATA 6 Gb/s (AAKX) SATA 6 Gb/s SATA 6 Gb/s SATA 3 Gb/s (AAKS) Number of Disks Data Surfaces Number of Heads Bytes per Sector User Sectors per Drive 976,773,168 625,142,448...

  • Page 14: Physical Dimensions

    Specifications XL500S 2.2.1 Physical Dimensions English Metric Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance Height 1.028 inches 26.1 mm Length 5.787 inches 147.0 mm Width 4.00 inches ±0.01 inch 101.6 mm ±0.25 mm Weight (QD) 0.99 pounds ±10% 0.45 kg ±10% Weight (STD) 0.97 pounds ±10% 0.44 kg...

  • Page 15: Mechanical Specifications

    XL500S Specifications Mechanical Specifications Figure 2-1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the drive. Figure 2-1. Mounting Dimensions 2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)

  • Page 16: Electrical Specifications

    Specifications XL500S Electrical Specifications 2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation Operating Mode RMS Current Power, Average 12 VDC 5 VDC Spinup 1.6A (max) 490 mA 12.9W Read/Write 275 mA 535 mA 6.0W Seek 300 mA 525 mA 6.3W POWER MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Operating Mode RMS Current Power, Average...

  • Page 17: Input Voltage Requirements

    XL500S Specifications 2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements The input voltage requirements are +5.0V ± 5% and +12.0V ± 10%. 2.4.3 Ripple +12 VDC +5 VDC Maximum 200 mV (double amplitude) 100 mV (double amplitude) Frequency 0-30 MHz 0-30 MHz 2.4.4 Power Connectors and Cables SATA Connectors For information on SATA data connectors, refer to the Serial ATA 1.0 specification available for download at www.serialata.org.

  • Page 18: Environmental Specifications

    Specifications XL500S Environmental Specifications 2.5.1 Shock and Vibration Table 2-1. Shock and Vibration Shock Operating 30G, 2 ms (read/write) 65G, 2 ms (read) Non-operating (2 ms) 350G Note: Half-sine wave, measured without shock isolation and without non-recoverable errors. Vibration Operating Linear: 20-300 Hz, 0.75G (0 to peak) Random: 0.008 g /Hz (10-300 Hz)

  • Page 19: Temperature And Humidity

    XL500S Specifications 2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity Temperature & Humidity Operating ambient temperature 0°C to 60°C Max base casting temperature 65°C S.M.A.R.T. temperature value reported within ±3°C Humidity 5-95% RH non-condensing 37.7°C (maximum wet bulb) Thermal Gradient 20°C/hour (maximum) Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum) Non-operating Temperature -40°C to 70°C...

  • Page 20: Cooling

    Specifications XL500S 2.5.4 Cooling If forced air cooling is required, the drive must be positioned to receive airflow from one or more fans as indicated in Figure 2-3. Figure 2-3. Forced Airflow Direction 2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure Altitude Operating -1,000 feet to 10,000 feet (-305M to 3,050M) Non-operating -1,000 feet to 40,000 feet (-305M to 12,200M) 2.5.6...

  • Page 21: Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions

    XL500S Specifications Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions These drives interface with the host I/O bus via the SATA interface connection illustrated in Figure 2-4 below. The drive receives power from the SATA power connection or legacy ATA 4-pin power connector J3 in Figure 2-4. Table 2-2 identifies the pin definitions of the SATA connectors and the corresponding signal names and signal functions.

  • Page 22: Agency Approvals

    Specifications XL500S Agency Approvals XL500S Regulatory Number (R/N): 701640 These drives meet the standards of the following regulatory agencies: Federal Communication Commission: Verified to comply with FCC Rules for Radiated and Conducted Emission, Part 15, Subpart B, for Class B Equipment. Underwriters Laboratories: Bi-National UL Standard CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.

  • Page 23: Product

    XL500S Product Features RODUCT EATURES SATA 6 Gb/s and SATA 3 Gb/s Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) IntelliSeek™ NoTouch™ Native Command Queuing (NCQ) Pre-Emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) Femto Slider S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) World Wide Name (WWN) Reliability Features Set—Data Lifeguard™ Hot Plug Support Active LED Status Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

  • Page 24: Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (Pmr)

    Product Features XL500S Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) In perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR), the magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the case in hard drive technology for decades. In longitudinal recording, as the bits become smaller and closer together, they experience an increasing demagnetizing field, much like two bar magnets that are placed end-to-end repel one another.

  • Page 25: Femto Slider

    XL500S Product Features a same cylinder position for a long time, the PWL control engine initiates forced seeks so that disk lubricant maintains an even distribution and does not become depleted. This feature ensures reliability for applications that perform a high incidence of read/write operations at the same physical location on the disk.

  • Page 26: World Wide Name (Wwn)

    Product Features XL500S temperature. Applications include Enterprise, Laptop, Desktop and Consumer Electronics. SCT TR reports the maximum and minimum sustained operating limits, warning level limits, and drive damage limits. In addition to reporting the limits, SCT TR returns the current drive temperature (a temperature history which the host can use to predict heating or cooling trends) and the maximum temperature acheived during the lifetime of the drive as well as the highest temperature achieved since the power was applied to the drive.

  • Page 27: Thermal Management

    XL500S Product Features 3.10.2 Thermal Management The drive is designed with Thermal Management features for high reliability. State-of-the-art mechanical design—Mechanical design is optimized to reduce the drive’s temperature. State-of-the-art thermal dissipation and windage design is employed. Closed loop servo management—Thermal management monitors the drive temperature and can control servo operations to maintain a stable operating temperature under high temperature conditions.

  • Page 28: Ata Error Logging

    Product Features XL500S 3.10.7 ATA Error Logging ATA Error Logging provides an industry standard means to record error events and supporting information that is then accessible by the host. The event record includes the exact command that caused the failure, the response of the drive, the time of the event and information about the four commands immediately prior to the errant command.

  • Page 29: Hot Plug Support

    XL500S Product Features errors. The procedure ends when error recovery is achieved or when all possible retries have been attempted. Extended Read Retry Procedure – This retry procedure tries combinations of positive/negative track offsets and data DAC manipulations to recover the data. This retry procedure applies only to read data recovery.
  • Page 30 Product Features XL500S 3.11.1.1.2 Precharge Resistors Current limiting series precharge resistors on designated power pins make contact before hard power connection is made, providing controlled partial charge of the disk drive's decoupling capacitors. This partial charge is due to IR drop across the precharge resistor caused by disk drive DC loads at partial power.
  • Page 31 XL500S Product Features previous 0.44 millisecond calculated minimum staggered pin delay allowed. The SATA specification also states that the average effective input capacitance of most of the disk drives tested was 20 mF, the same value used in the previous calculations. The hot plug verification test procedure later in this document includes a test to verify this information.

  • Page 32: Active Led Status

    Product Features XL500S 3.12 Active LED Status The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise. The drive strength of this open Drain Drive Active signal is that it can sink 12mA to 0.4V Max. It is 5V tolerant, meaning that the external LED may be driven from +5V or +3.3V so long as the Host system provides a series resistor to limit the LED current to the lower of 12mA or the rated operating current of the LED.

  • Page 33: Write Cache

    XL500S Product Features the number of host commands that require actual media access thereby improving overall drive performance. Typical applications perform a variety of access patterns, such as random, sequential, and repetitive. CacheFlow is designed to dynamically adapt to the changes in access patterns that occur during the course of application execution.

  • Page 34: Self-Monitoring, Analysis, And Reporting Technology (S.m.a.r.t.)

    Product Features XL500S inactivity timer expires. The Standby Immediate command causes the drive to spin down and enter a low-power mode. Subsequent disk access commands would cause the drive to spin up and execute the new command. To avoid excessive wear on the drive due to the starting and stopping of the HDA, set the host’s disk inactivity timer to no shorter than ten minutes.

  • Page 35: Ata Command Set

    XL500S ATA Command Set ATA C OMMAND Host Interface Commands 4.1.1 ATA-8 Commands Table 4-1 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each ATA-8 command supported by these hard drives. Refer to the D1699 ATA8-ACS specification for full details on each command. Table 4-1.

  • Page 36: Optional Subcommands

    ATA Command Set XL500S COMMAND HEX OPCODE STANDBY IMMEDIATE WRITE BUFFER WRITE DMA WRITE DMA EXT WRITE FPDMA QUEUED WRITE LOG EXT WRITE LOG DMA EXT WRITE MULTIPLE WRITE MULTIPLE EXT WRITE SECTOR(S) WRITE SECTOR(S) EXT WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT 4.1.2 Optional Subcommands Table 4-2 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each SATA 2.5 command supported by these hard drives.

  • Page 37: Sct Commands

    XL500S ATA Command Set 4.1.4 SCT Commands SCT commands provide capabilities not covered in ATA/ATAPI-7 for commands that do not fit the ATA command delivery model. Some SCT commands report completion when the command begins execution. Execution progress for these commands may be checked by requesting SCT status.
  • Page 38 ATA Command Set XL500S BYTE VALUE DESCRIPTION The self-test routine was interrupted by the host with a hard or soft reset A fatal error or unknown test error occurred while the device was executing its self-test routine. The device was unable to complete the self-test routine.

  • Page 39: Supported Attributes

    XL500S ATA Command Set 4.2.2 Supported Attributes The drive supports the following attributes. Attribute Attribute ID Number Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit (Status Flags bit 0) Read Error Rate Pre-Failure Spin-up Time Pre-Failure Start/Stop Count Advisory Re-allocated Sector Count Pre-Failure Seek Error Rate Pre-Failure Power-on Hours Count Advisory...

  • Page 40: Read Log Sector

    ATA Command Set XL500S 4.2.3 Read Log Sector There are several logs that can be read with the S.M.A.R.T. Read Log Sector sub-command. The LBA Low Register indicates the log sector to be returned. Table 4-6. Defined Error Logging Sectors Log address Content Log Cmds...

  • Page 41: Identify Device (Ech)

    XL500S ATA Command Set Identify Device (ECh) The Identify Device command transfers 512 bytes of data that specify the drive’s parameters. Table 4-7 lists the parameters read by the host Table 4-7. Identify Device Command WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE General Configuration 427Ah Obsolete Specific Configuration...
  • Page 42 ATA Command Set XL500S WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE Additional Words Valid Bit 15-8: Free-fall Control Sensitivity 00h = Vendor’s recommended setting 01h-FFh = Sensitivity level. A larger number is a more sensitive setting. 0007h Bit 7-3: Reserved Bit 2: 1 = the fields reported in word 88 are valid 0 = the fields reported in word 88 are not valid Bit 1: 1 = the fields reported in words (64-70) are valid 0 = the fields reported in words (64-70) are not valid...
  • Page 43 XL500S ATA Command Set WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE Serial ATA Features Enabled Bit 15-7: Reserved for Serial ATA Bit 6: If set, software settings preservation enabled Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA 00XXh Bit 4: If set, in-order data delivery enabled. Bit 3: If set, device initiating power management enabled Bit 2: If set, DMA Setup auto-activation enabled Bit 1: If set, Non-zero buffer offsets enabled...
  • Page 44 ATA Command Set XL500S WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE Commands and feature sets supported Bit 15: Obsolete Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported Bit 13: If set, READ BUFFER command supported Bit 12: If set, WRITE BUFFER command supported Bit 11: Obsolete Bit 10: If set, Host Protected Area has been established Bit 9: If set, DEVICE RESET command supported Bit 8: If set, SERVICE interrupt enabled...
  • Page 45 XL500S ATA Command Set WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE Time required for Normal Erase mode SECURITY ERASE UNIT 002Bh command Time required for an Enhanced Erase mode SECURITY ERASE 002Bh UNIT command Current advanced power management level value Master Password Identifier XXXXh Hardware Reset Result 0000h...
  • Page 46 ATA Command Set XL500S WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE Security Status Bit 15-9: Reserved Bit 8: Security level 0 = High, 1 = Maximum Bit 7-6: Reserved Bit 5: If set, Enhanced security erase supported 0000000X001XXXX1b Bit 4: If set, Security count expired Bit 3: If set, Security frozen Bit 2: If set, Security locked Bit 1: If set, Security enabled...

  • Page 47: Set Features (Efh)

    XL500S ATA Command Set Set Features (EFh) The Set Features command enables or disables the features listed in the following table FUNCTION FEATURES SECTOR COUNT REGISTER REGISTER Don’t care Enable read look-ahead Don’t care Disable read look-ahead Don’t care Enable write cache Don’t care Disable write cache Set Transfer Mode...

  • Page 48: Installation And Setup Procedures

    Installation and Setup Procedures XL500S NSTALLATION AND ETUP ROCEDURES Hard drives are precision instruments that must be handled with care to prevent damage. It is important to understand that drives are typically damaged because of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), rough handling, or shock and vibration. Refer to the latest version of the WD Drive Handling Guide (2579-001027) for detailed instructions on all phases of drive handling.

  • Page 49: Moving Precautions

    XL500S Installation and Setup Procedures Do not open the drive’s sealed compartment or remove the seals or any labels from the drive; this will void the warranty. 5.1.5 Moving Precautions If you need to move your computer, turn off the power to automatically unload the heads. This helps protect the media and the heads from accidental damage due to vibration, moving, or shipping.

  • Page 50: Jumper Settings

    Installation and Setup Procedures XL500S 5.3.1 Jumper Settings It is not necessary to place a jumper shunt on the drive for workstation/desktop use. For enterprise storage enviroments, the advanced settings are as follows: 5.3.1.1 SATA 6 Gb/s Hard Drives SSC Mode – Spread spectrum clocking feature enabled or disabled (jumper on pins 1-2). Default setting is disabled.

  • Page 51: Figure 5-2 Sata 3 Gb/S Jumper Settings

    XL500S Installation and Setup Procedures 5.3.1.2 SATA 3 Gb/s Hard Drives SSC Mode – Spread spectrum clocking feature enabled or disabled (jumper on pins 1-2). Default setting is disabled. PM2 Enabled Mode – To designate the drive as power-up in standby (power management 2 or PM2) enabled, place a jumper on pins 3-4 (default setting is disabled).

  • Page 52: Attach The Power Supply Cable

    Installation and Setup Procedures XL500S 5.3.2 Attach the Power Supply Cable If your system does not support hot plugging (see “Hot Plug Support” on page 21), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive. This avoids the possibility of reversing the polarity of the power connections and eliminating current surges that can damage either the drive or computer.

  • Page 53: Maintenance

    XL500S Maintenance AINTENANCE The hard drive requires no preventative maintenance and contains no user-serviceable parts. The service and repair of drives can only be performed at a WD Service Center. Please contact your WD representative for warranty information and service/return procedures. Observe the following precautions to prolong the life of the drive: Do not attempt to open the sealed compartment of the drive as this will void the warranty.

  • Page 54: Technical Support

    Technical Support XL500S ECHNICAL UPPORT NORTH AMERICA US/Canada (Central Time) 800.ASK.4WDC Monday - Thursday 9:00 am - 7:00 pm Friday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm Saturday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm EUROPE Central European Time (CET) +31.20.4467651 Monday - Thursday 9:30 am - 12:00 noon 1:00 pm - 5:30 pm Friday...

  • Page 55: Glossary

    XL500S Glossary LOSSARY Active LED Status — The WD drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise. Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) — A method of measuring failure rates or trends for a group of units at a site.
  • Page 56 Glossary XL500S Latency — The period of time that the read/write heads wait for the disk to rotate the data to an accessible position. Logical Block Address — An alternative addressing methodology of identifying a given location on a SATA drive that permits disk sizes greater than 528 MB. Native Command Queuing (NCQ) —...
  • Page 57 Index XL500S —H— NDEX Head Parking, 5 Host Interface Commands, 27 —A— Identify Drive, 33 Acoustics, 12, 14 S.M.A.R.T., 29 Active LED Status, 24 Set Features, 39 Activity indication, 24 Hot Plug Support, 21 Agency Approvals, 14 Airflow, 12 —I— Annualized Failure Rate, 47 Input Voltage Requirements, 9 Atmospheric Pressure, 12...
  • Page 58 XL500S Index —S— S.M.A.R.T., 26 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT), 17 SATA 3 Gb/s interface, 15 SCT, 17 SCT commands, 29 SCT feature set read/write long, 17 temperature reporting, 17 write same, 17 Security Mode, 26 Passwords, 26 Security Levels, 26 Serial ATA Latching Connector, 44 Servo Type, 5 Shock and Vibration, 10...
  • Page 59 For service and literature: support.wdc.com www.westerndigital.com 800.ASK.4WDC North America Western Digital 949.832.4778 Latin America (Spanish) 20511 Lake Forest Drive +800.6008.6008 Asia Pacific Lake Forest, CA 92630 00800.ASK.4WDEU Europe (toll free where available) U.S.A. +31.88.0062100 Europe/Middle East/Africa 2679-701211-A06 Oct 2010 WD CONFIDENTIAL...

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