Devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual
  1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. Devolo Manuals
  4. Modem
  5. dLAN 200 DSpro
  6. Manual

Devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual

Hide thumbs
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
®
dLAN
200 DSpro
Manual

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading

Related Manuals for Devolo dLAN 200 DSpro

Summary of Contents for Devolo dLAN 200 DSpro

  • Page 1 ® dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 2 The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software supplied with this product and the use of its contents is subject to written authorization from devolo. We reserve the right to make any alterations that arise as the result of technical development.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    6 Providing an IP Address ....... . 11 7 Telnet to the dLAN 200 DSpro Adapter ....13 8 Writing an Autoconfiguration File .
  • Page 4 12.3.1 Autoconfiguration at dLAN 200 DSpro adapter Boot. . 28 12.4 IFCP Protocol ........29 12.4.1...
  • Page 5 13.6 Troubleshooting ........81 devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 6: Introduction

    Thank you for placing your trust in this devolo product! The dLAN 200 DSpro is a network device that uses power and coaxial cables which have already been installed in order to provide data communication for applications such as Video streaming (Video on Demand), Internet telephony, and fast Internet connection.

  • Page 7: Recommended Software Tools

    200 DSpro adapter. It can be downloaded from http://www.wireshark.org/ Hane Win DHCP / TFTP server is an easy to use DHCP + TFTP server all in one tool. It is very useful to configure the dLAN 200 DSpro adapters at startup. It can be downloaded from http://www.hanewin.net/ Putty is a terminal emulator required to open a telnet session on the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter.

  • Page 8: Connection And Startup

    All of the tools and examples described in this document have been tested on a computer running Windows XP. Connection and display elements The dLAN 200 DSpro features 5 control LEDs as well as an Ethernet, coaxial, and a power connection: Power Lit steady when the dLAN 200 DSpro is ready for operation;...
  • Page 9 If no device that is switched on (e.g. computer) is connected to the Ethernet port, the dLAN 200 DSpro device switches to Power Save mode after about 20 minu- tes (Power LED flashes). In Power Save mode, the dLAN 200 DSpro device can- not be accessed via the power supply grid or the coaxial network.

  • Page 10: Use Of Coax Filters And Attenuator

    It is recommended to use a high pass filter (not part of the standard accessory) to decouple the dLAN 200 DSpro signals from the transfer point of the TV signal. A filter should be used...

  • Page 11: Starting Up The Dlan 200 Dspro Adapter

    200 DSpro adapter in order to ascertain the correct execution of this process and diagnose potential configuration problems. The first sign of life exhibited by the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter are the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) packets. After a few STP packets, the dLAN 200 DSpro adap- ter will issue a DHCP discover packet, as shown in Figure 1.
  • Page 12 Dynamic IP Leases Shortly after you click OK, the application will provide a dynamic IP address to the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter. Thisprocess is reflected in Wireshark as shown in Figure 3. The option 120 is used to disable IFCP in the DHCP response. This will prevent that the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter tries to obtain the management VLAN from another PLC node.

  • Page 13: Telnet To The Dlan 200 Dspro Adapter

    DHCP acknowledge. Discover and request are issued by the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter, while offer and acknowledge are issued by the computer. Once the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter has an IP address, you should be able to ping it and telnet to it.
  • Page 14 Figure 4: Putty Config- uration Details Once the session is saved, click on "Open" to connect to the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter. A window will come up with the welcome message from the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter, as shown in Figure 5.
  • Page 15 Number of boots: 32 OK #user@/> Several important things are reported with this command: ³ MAC mode(whether the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter is in master, slave or repeater mode) · MAC address of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 16: Writing An Autoconfiguration File

    Writing an Autoconfiguration File » IP address of the TCP/IP stack of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter's processor ¿ PLC SYC status and PLC frequency band (mode) ´ AGC and gain settings for transmission and reception ² Access protocol status ¶...
  • Page 17 # Signal parameters AGC_TX_GAIN = 0 # QoS Configuration QOS_ENABLE = no # Vlan configuration VLAN_ENABLE = no With these two files and some configuration to the DHCP/TFTP server, a simple one-level network can be built. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 18: Configuring The Dhcp/Tftp Server

    Autoconfiguration file name DHCP extensions Upon reception of the DHCP reply, the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter will download the autoconfiguration file specified in the reply, from the given IP address. The first thing you need is a basic set of autoconfiguration files. You can use the examples provided in Section 8 as a baseline.
  • Page 19 In this window, you must enter the MAC address of the dLAN 200 DSpro adap- ter, the IP that you want to assign to this dLAN 200 DSpro adapter, and the con- figuration profile. When you click OK, it will create an entry in the static leases list.
  • Page 20 You cannot assign the same IP to two different dLAN 200 DSpro adapters running at the same time. Once you have all entered all of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapters in the list, con- nect the one that will become master to your computer and the rest through the powerline.

  • Page 21: Using The Dlan 200 Dspro Adapter Console

    Using the dLAN 200 DSpro Adapter Console The console of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter is interactive and allows issuing commands and reading outputs. The possible commands are organized in menus and the menus are organized in a tree structure. The operation is similar to invoking programs that are placed in different directories.

  • Page 22: Useful Console Commands

    "maxibon" and press ENTER. When using Putty, the password fails the first time. Using SecureCRT there is not such a problem. Line editing is not allowed at the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter level. You can do what your terminal client allows, usually copy and paste. There is no command history and you can only type or erase at the end of the line.

  • Page 23: Showing The Table Of The Bridge

    To see the addresses learned by the bridge, type "/b t t". The dLAN 200 DSpro adapter will report a table with three colons. First colon is the MAC address, second colon is the port number and third colon is the age of the learned address.

  • Page 24: Changing The Boot Mode

    You must at least set the IP of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter and the netmask. To set the IP of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter, type "/net ip ip 192 168 1 1". Note that there are spaces, not dots, between the numbers. To se the netmask of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter, type "/net ip nm 255 255 0 0".

  • Page 25: Changing The Frequency Band

    The dLAN 200 DSpro adapter can take three different roles in the MAC protocol: master, slave, or time division repeater (TDR). To set the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter as a master, type "/m c n m" (stands for "mac change node master").

  • Page 26: Auto-Configuration

    º Only the end users (CPEs) can hang in different transformer stations. Howe- ver, if this CPE is not generic (meaning private VLANs or private OVLANs), it can hang only in the correct transformer station and HG. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 27: Autoconfiguration Overview

    ³ Every node starts with the same default factory configuration: Access CPE; · Using IFCP (explained in Section 12.4) the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter disco- vers if it is booting in a network with VLANs or not. If a network has been...

  • Page 28: Autoconfiguration At Dlan 200 Dspro Adapter Boot

    RADIUS to authenticate the users. See Sections 12.11 and 12.13 for more information. If the node is the first dLAN 200 DSpro adapter in the network and connected directly through the Ethernet port to the backbone, the autoconfiguration pro- cess is different: ³...

  • Page 29: Ifcp Protocol

    When a dLAN 200 DSpro adapter boots in autoconfiguration mode, it starts sending IFCP requests. The dLAN 200 DSpro adapter needs to know if it is boo- ting in a network with VLANs before requesting an IP through DHCP. For this...
  • Page 30 In the first instance, this node will transfer the translation table (included in the autoconfiguration file) to other dLAN 200 DSpro adapters when requested, but in this case there is no other dLAN 200 DSpro adapter from which to request this information because it will be the first node to know it.

  • Page 31: Incompatibilities

    If no OVLANs/VLANs are going to be used in the network, the IFCP protocol can be disabled in all of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapters. To disable IFCP manually (method 2) in the next dLAN 200 DSpro adapter boot, see Section 12.14.1.3.

  • Page 32: Transferring The Translation Table

    Using the NVRAM, the MV node knows if it has to perform IFCP or not. If it does not need to perform IFCP, the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter checks if it has to use VLAN and the Management VLAN. Using DHCP, it knows the IP and the auto- configuration file.

  • Page 33: Example Of A Translation Table

    Parameter “USE VLAN” (explained later) to fix the VLAN mode; Parameters related to VLAN (if needed), the main one being the Manage- ment VLAN. If the parameter USE VLAN = 1, then the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter configures itself to use the Management VLAN included in the translation table;...

  • Page 34: Additional Information About Transferring

    USE VLAN = [0|1] If the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter is using VLAN the parameter will be set to 1, otherwise the parameter will be set to 0 and this information is transferred when it receives an IFCP request.
  • Page 35 TRANSLATION_DATA_VLAN.16 = 22 TRANSLATION_ROOTPATH_OVLAN = 666 The translation table that the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter will then use (and the one that will be transferred if it is requested from another node) is: #Translation Table resulting in dLAN 200 DSpro adap-...

  • Page 36: Wisconsin Nodes

    QoS profile contracted by the customer. The configuration will be GENERAL_FW_TYPE equal to EU. The main differences between configuring a dLAN 200 DSpro adapter as EU or LV are the following: Local VLAN Configuration:...

  • Page 37: Autoconfiguration & Networking

    LAN. In this kind of network, a dLAN 200 DSpro adapter will not have the problems associated with a VLAN network. It will perform its IFCP requests, switching bet- ween VLAN #1 and not using VLAN, and finally a master will answer with the translation table that will at least contain the parameter “USE VLAN”.

  • Page 38: Ovlan Configuration And Root Interface

    Auto-configuration Once the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter has received the translation table and does not need to configure anything with regards to VLANs, it can complete the fol- lowing steps: DHCP, TFTP and configuration. 12.7.3 OVLAN Configuration and Root Interface The basic OVLAN configuration in Wisconsin avoids the visibility between cus- tomers connected to the end user nodes in a simple way.
  • Page 39 The following configuration must be set therefore, in all end users: OVLAN_ENABLE = yes OVLAN_DATA_TAG = %ROOTPATH The node that connects to the backbone must have: GENERAL_IFACE_ROOT = EXTA … OVLAN_ENABLE = yes OVLAN_DATA_TAG = 4095 devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 40: Autoconfiguration File

    The format of the parameters is: PARAMETER_LABEL[.x][.y] = value For constant parameter values. PARAMETER_LABEL[.x][.y] = %parametric_value For parametric parameter values. For example, the following parameter could be inside an end user autoconfigu- ration file: VLAN_DATA_TAG = 452 devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 41: Supported Parameters In The Autoconfiguration File

    NVRAM mode the next time. Default value: yes. WARNING: When the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter boots in NVRAM mode, IFCP is not performed, so the translation table is not exchanged between different nodes.
  • Page 42 GENERAL_COMMON_STP_EXTB = [yes|no] Same as GENERAL_COMMON_STP_EXTA but for EXTB. GENERAL_IP_ADDRESS = <ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd> IP address of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter (for the next boot if DHCP is disabled). GENERAL_IP_NETMASK = <ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd> IP netmask of the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter (for the next boot if DHCP is disabled).
  • Page 43 0x9050 LV CPE The tree topology of the STP can be affected by FD repeaters (MV or LV) because it is compounded by a master dLAN 200 DSpro adapter. To avoid this happening, when the parameter GENERAL_IFACE_ROOT is defined, the 2 bytes reserved will change to: ( (MV MASTER) –...
  • Page 44 Reception and Transmission Gains Control Parameters The following parameters must be handled with special care. A poor configura- tion can produce loss of communication with the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter through PLC. Normally all of these settings are related to a SIGNAL_MODE.
  • Page 45 Custom i-criterion frame offset, in bytes (i = 1, 2). COS_CUSTOM_CRITERION_PATTERN.i = 0xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Custom i-criterion 8-byte pattern, in hexadecimal digits (i = 1, 2). COS_CUSTOM_CRITERION_BITMASK.i = 0xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Custom i-criterion 8-byte bitmask, in hexadecimal digits (i = 1, 2). devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 46 QOS_PRIOACK.prio+1 = [0|1] This list configures the Layer-2 ACK protocol depending on the priority transmitted by the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter (can be useful for those appli- cations with tough settings in latency but not in PLR). If several priorities are sniffed, the policy will be fixed by the maximum priority detected.
  • Page 47 QOS_LATENCY.5 =4 QOS_LATENCY.6 =2 QOS_LATENCY.7 =1 QOS_LATENCY.8 =8 12.8.4.6 Profile Parameters To define a profile at least five parameters are needed. If any of them is not pre- sent, it will take the default value: devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 48 The following parameters can be added to the profile definition but they are not mandatory if VLAN or OVLAN is not enabled: PROFILE_MNMT_VLAN.i = [2-4093] | %<PARAMETRIC VALUE> Management VLAN for that user. PROFILE_DATA_VLAN.i = [2-4093] | %<PARAMETRIC VALUE> Data VLAN for that user. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 49 VLAN tag to the user interface with this profile. PROFILE_OVLAN_IS_ALLOWED_IFACE_USER.i = [yes/no] Indicates if the tags on the list are allowed or forbidden for the user with profile i. When the list is ALLOWED the tags are added to the base confi- devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 50 WARNING: This parameter is mandatory to add in all autoconfiguration files (MV, LV or EU dLAN 200 DSpro adapters) if the dLAN 200 DSpro adap- ters are going to boot from NVRAM after the next reset.
  • Page 51 EXTB with a tag specified in this parameter, it is sent through PLC with the tag specified in the VLAN_RETAG_EXTB_DST parame- ter. With 0, the retagging is disabled in the EXTB interface. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 52 ALL_VLAN tag (4095). OVLAN_ARP_TAG_ENABLE = [ yes | no ] If enabled, ARP packets sent by the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter are tagged with the ROOTPATH ovlan tag. This prevents Forwarding Tables of LV equip- ments becoming filled with MAC addresses and overflow in very large net- works (hundreds of nodes).
  • Page 53 This implies that only com- plete lists of masters can be configured in each autoconfiguration operation. The parameter AP_PREFER_MASTER (with any valid MAC address) can be used to discard the configured list of fixed, preferred and forbidden masters. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 54 12.8.4.11 STP Parameters STP_PRIO = [0-65535] Configures the 2 bytes added to the MAC used by the STP standard to decide the root path. Default values: 36880 = 0x9010 MV MASTER 36880 = 0x9010 MV MASTER devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 55 3.1 seconds is set, hellos are sent every 4 seconds. STP_FRONTIER = [NONE|EXTA|EXTB] Drops all STP packets in an external port. Default value: NONE. STP_MODE = [STP|RSTP] STP protocol version: Common (802.1d) or Rapid (802.1w). Default value: RSTP. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 56 12.8.4.12 MAC Ingress Filtering Parameters MAC_INGRESS_FILTERING_ENABLE = [yes|no] Enables the use of MAC ingress filtering. If enabled, the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter filters by the source MAC address. If the source MAC of the frame coming from Ethernet is not in the list, the frame is discarded. Default value: MAC_INGRESS_FILTERING_MAX_ALLOWED = [1-4] Sets length of the MAC filtering ingress list.
  • Page 57 It is necessary to specify several parameters with care or no connection will be possible between the dLAN 200 DSpro adap- ters. As a general rule, this configuration overrides the basic VLAN/OVLAN con- figuration.
  • Page 58 B (EXTB). If EU, default value: VLAN_DATA_TAG. If LV or MV, default value: 0. VLAN_PVID_FW = [2-4095] 802.1Q VLAN tag for tagging untagged packets from the firmware interface (FW). Default value: 1. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 59 VLAN_IS_ALLOWED_IFACE_EXTB = [yes/no] Private VLANs list: External (Ethernet) interface list is an allowed tag if YES or forbidden if NO. Default value: yes. VLAN_LIST_IFACE_EXTB.i = [2-4095] Private VLANs list: External (Ethernet) interface tag list. Up to 16 values can be configured. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 60 (IFACE_OTHER). OVLAN_OUTFORMAT_TAG_IFACE_ROOT = [yes/no] Sends packets with an OVLAN tag to the root interface (IFACE_ROOT). Default value: yes. OVLAN_OUTFORMAT_TAG_IFACE_EXTA = [yes/no] Sends packets with an OVLAN tag to external (Ethernet) interface A. Default value: yes. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 61 Private OVLANs list: External (Ethernet) interface tag list. Up to 16 values can be configured. OVLAN_IS_ALLOWED_IFACE_EXTB = [yes/no] Private OVLANs list: External (Ethernet) interface list is an allowed tag if YES or forbidden if NO. Default value: yes. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 62 Value of gain of the time domain multiplier. The values that can be confi- gured to go from -30dB to +12dB, allowed values are shown above. The format in which the value is read is the value in dB multiplied by 10. The devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 63: Nvram

    The NVRAM contains the following information, necessary before the autocon- figuration file is received: Its own MAC address; If required, the PLC signal bandwidth and the central frequency. This is nee- ded if the autoconfiguration is done through PLC and the frequency band is devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 64: Equipment Requirements

    A variable indicating whether working with or without VLANs, necessary only if the IFCP client is going to be disabled, otherwise it will be discovered by the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter itself; A variable indicating whether the IFCP client is or is not being used;...

  • Page 65: Master-Side Access Protocol Tasks & User Profiles

    12.11.2 Working with RADIUS Authentication When RADIUS authentication is active, the repeater or HE sends an Access- Request message to the RADIUS server, which checks if the MAC address corre- devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 66: Working Without Radius Authentication

    String with the path and file name of the autocon- figuration file inside the TFTP server. ifcp-code: 32-bit integer that represents IFCP behaviour: 0: Boot without VLANs and skip IFCP; 1: Keep on requesting IFCP (does nothing); devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 67: Dhcp Server

    18 = string; option ifcp-code code 120 = unsigned integer 32; option phone-number code 135 = text; subnet 10.10.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { default-lease-time 36000; max-lease-time 36000; # --- default gateway option routers 10.10.1.1; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 68: Radius Support

    Every Wisconsin master or repeater node implements a RADIUS client in order to authenticate users (slaves) connected through the powerline to that node. The dLAN 200 DSpro adapter acts as a NAS, which requests authentication, gives authorization, and allocates resources.

  • Page 69: Radius Client

    12.13.2.2 Configuring Freeradius Server with DS2 Options The RADIUS server must be configured to respond to client queries in the correct way. It must supply the client with the following information: Access-Accept or Access-Reject message; Profile number. Attribute DS2-profile. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 70 “ANONYMOUS”. The file users also gives the possibility to force the NAS- Identifier. If the NAS-Identifier is defined, the user will be authenticated only if the client that requested (the master) is the one configured in the file. Otherwise, the user will be rejected: devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 71: Autoconfiguration Console

    "anonymous", NAS-Identifier == "0050C2000015" DS2- profile = 2 To configure a dLAN 200 DSpro adapter with a special configuration if it con- nects to a specific master, and a default profile if it connects to other masters, the file users can be written as follows:...
  • Page 72 IFCP requests. Note that some dLAN 200 DSpro adapters should not boot in IFCP mode (see Section 12.4: IFCP Protocol). To disable IFCP manually in the next boot of a dLAN 200 DSpro adapter, follow the steps below: Using a DHCP server, give an IP to the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter; this may take some time because, sometimes, the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter will be sending DHCP requests with VLAN #1 and others without VLAN active;...
  • Page 73 Auto-configuration Once the dLAN 200 DSpro adapter has an IP, log in to the console and exe- cute the commands below (N : Due to VLAN switching, the console may seem to hang; if this occurs, log out from the console and log in again): ac stop: Stops the autoconfiguration process (and also IFCP) and disab- les the VLANs.
  • Page 74 STP_MAX_AGE = 250 STP_FORWARD_DELAY = 50 Any one of the parameter sets described above in the csh ? command can be used. To get the NVRAM-stored configuration, execute the csh nvram stp command: Showing NVRAM-stored configuration... devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...
  • Page 75 GENERAL_IP_ADDRESS = 10.0.0.101 GENERAL_IP_NETMASK = 255.0.0.0 GENERAL_IP_GATEWAY = 10.0.0.1 GENERAL_IP_USE_DHCP = NO GENERAL_SIGNAL_MODE = 6 : The csh run all command can be copied and pasted in a new autoconfi- guration file for the next time. devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 76: Appendix

    Power supply Integrated 110-240 V AC supply via power socket Temperature Storage: -25°C - 70°C Operation: 0°C - 40°C Ambient conditions 10-90% humidity (non-condensing) System requirements Ethernet port Operating systems All operating systems with TCP/IP support devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 77: Important Safety Instructions

    Slits and apertures in the case are intended to provide ventilation and must not be blocked or covered. The dLAN 200 DSpro must not be set up in close proximity to a radiator. The dLAN 200 DSpro should only be set up in locations where adequate ventilation is assured in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

  • Page 78: Ce Conformity

    Appendix if the dLAN 200 DSpro is sprayed with liquid or if objects have got inside the device if the dLAN 200 DSpro has been exposed to rain or water if the dLAN 200 DSpro does not work, despite the fact that all operating...

  • Page 79: Declaration Of Conformity

    Expert Opinion vom Competent Body EMC Emission requirements: and Expert Opinion by Competent Body EMC Diese Erklärung wird verantwortlich abgegeben durch: This declaration is submitted by: Aachen, 06. November 2006 Heiko Harbers Aachen, 6 November 2006 Vorstandsvorsitzender devolo dLAN 200 DSpro Manual...

  • Page 80: Warranty Conditions

    Warranty period The warranty period for this devolo product is three years. This period begins at the day of delivery from the devolo dealer. Warranty services rendered by devolo do not result in an extension of the warranty period nor do they initiate a new warranty period. The warranty period for installed replacement parts ends with the warranty period of the device as a whole.

  • Page 81: Troubleshooting

    Claims for compensation of lost profits, indirect or consequential detriments, are excluded. devolo is not liable for lost data or retrieval of lost data in cases of slight and ordinary negli- gence.
  • Page 82 The Ethernet LED does not light up Make sure that the dLAN 200 DSpro is connected to a device with an Ethernet port by an RJ-45 cable, and that both devices are switched on. Safety instructions In order to switch the device off completely, pull the power cable out of the socket.

Table of Contents