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Fujitsu MHE2043AT Product Manual

Fujitsu computer drive user manual
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C141-E057-02EN
MHE2064AT, MHE2043AT
MHF2043AT, MHF2021AT
DISK DRIVE
PRODUCT MANUAL

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Summary of Contents for Fujitsu MHE2043AT

  • Page 1 C141-E057-02EN MHE2064AT, MHE2043AT MHF2043AT, MHF2021AT DISK DRIVE PRODUCT MANUAL...
  • Page 2 “Important Alert Items” in this manual. Keep this manual handy, and keep it carefully. FUJITSU makes every effort to prevent users and bystanders from being injured or from suffering damage to their property. Use the product according to this manual.
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  • Page 4: Revision History

    Edition Date Revised section (*1) (Added/Deleted/Altered) 1998-06-20 1998-09-10 *1 Section(s) with asterisk (*) refer to the previous edition when those were deleted. C141-E057-02EN Revision History — (1/1) Details —...
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  • Page 6 This manual describes the MHE Series and MHF Series, 2.5-inch hard disk drives. These drives have a built-in controller that is compatible with the ATA interface. This manual describes the specifications and functions of the drives and explains in detail how to incorporate the drives into user systems. This manual assumes that the reader has a basic knowledge of hard disk drives and their implementations in computer systems.

  • Page 7: Operating Environment

    Preface Conventions for Alert Messages This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert message consists of an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists of an alert symbol and a signal word or just a signal word. The following are the alert signals and their meanings: In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message.
  • Page 8 “Disk drive defects” refers to defects that involve adjustment, repair, or replacement. Fujitsu is not liable for any other disk drive defects, such as those caused by user misoperation or mishandling, inappropriate operating environments, defects in the power supply or cable, problems of the host system, or other causes outside the disk drive.
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  • Page 10: Important Alert Items

    Important Alert Items Important Alert Messages The important alert messages in this manual are as follows: A hazardous situation could result in minor or moderate personal injury if the user does not perform the procedure correctly. Also, damage to the predate or other property, may occur if the user does not perform the procedure correctly.
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  • Page 12: Manual Organization

    Manual Organization MHE2064AT, MHE2043AT MHF2043AT, MHF2021AT DISK DRIVE PRODUCT MANUAL (C141-E057) <This manual> MHE2064AT, MHE2054AT MHF2043AT, MHF2032AT MHF2021AT DISK DRIVE MAINTENANCE MANUAL (C141-F031) C141-E057-02EN • Device Overview • Device Configuration • Installation Conditions • Theory of Device Operation • Interface •...
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  • Page 14: Table Of Contents

    CHAPTER 1 Device Overview... 1-1 Features 1.1.1 Functions and performance 1.1.2 Adaptability 1.1.3 Interface Device Specifications 1.2.1 Specifications summary 1.2.2 Model and product number Power Requirements Environmental Specifications Acoustic Noise Shock and Vibration Reliability Error Rate Media Defects CHAPTER 2 Device Configuration...
  • Page 15 Contents CHAPTER 3 Installation Conditions...3-1 Dimensions Mounting Cable Connections 3.3.1 Device connector 3.3.2 Cable connector specifications 3.3.3 Device connection 3.3.4 Power supply connector (CN1) Jumper Settings 3.4.1 Location of setting jumpers 3.4.2 Factory default setting 3.4.3 Master drive-slave drive setting 3.4.4 CSEL setting CHAPTER 4 Theory of Device Operation...4-1...
  • Page 16 4.6.1 Read/write preamplifier (PreAMP) 4.6.2 Write circuit 4.6.3 Read circuit 4.6.4 Digital PLL circuit Servo Control 4.7.1 Servo control circuit 4.7.2 Data-surface servo format 4.7.3 Servo frame format 4.7.4 Actuator motor control 4.7.5 Spindle motor control CHAPTER 5 Interface ... 5-1 Physical Interface 5.1.1 Interface signals 5.1.2 Signal assignment on the connector...
  • Page 17 Contents 5.5.2 Phases of operation 5.5.2.1 Ultra DMA burst initiation phase 5.5.2.2 Data transfer phase 5.5.2.3 Ultra DMA burst termination phase 5.5.3 Ultra DMA data in commands 5.5.3.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.5.3.2 The data in transfer 5.5.3.3 Pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.5.3.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.5.4 Ultra DMA data out commands...
  • Page 18 CHAPTER 6 Operations ... 6-1 Device Response to the Reset 6.1.1 Response to power-on 6.1.2 Response to hardware reset 6.1.3 Response to software reset 6.1.4 Response to diagnostic command Address Translation 6.2.1 Default parameters 6.2.2 Logical address Power Save 6.3.1 Power save mode 6.3.2 Power commands Defect Management 6.4.1 Spare area...
  • Page 19 Contents Figures Figure 1.1 Current fluctuation (Typ.) at +5V when power is turned on Figure 2.1 Disk drive outerview (the MHE Series and MHF Series) Figure 2.2 Configuration of disk media heads Figure 2.3 1 drive system configuration Figure 2.4 2 drives configuration Figure 3.1 Dimensions (MHE/MHF series) Figure 3.2 Orientation (Sample: MHE2064AT) Figure 3.3 Mounting frame structure...
  • Page 20 Figure 6.6 Address translation (example in LBA mode) Figure 6.7 Sector slip processing Figure 6.8 Alternate cylinder assignment Figure 6.9 Data buffer configuration Tables Table 1.1 Specifications (MHE2064AT/MHE2043AT) Table 1.2 Specifications (MHF2043AT/MHF2021AT) Table 1.3 Specifications (MHE2064AT/2043AT/MHF2043AT/2021AT) Table 1.4 Model names and product numbers Table 1.5...
  • Page 21 Contents Table 3.1 Surface temperature measurement points and standard values Table 3.2 Cable connector specifications Table 4.1 Self-calibration execution timechart Table 4.2 Write precompensation algorithm Table 5.1 Signal assignment on the interface connector Table 5.2 I/O registers Table 5.3 Command code and parameters Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command Table 5.5...

  • Page 22: Chapter 1 Device Overview

    CHAPTER 1 Device Overview Features Device Specifications Power Requirements Environmental Specifications Acoustic Noise Shock and Vibration Reliability Error Rate Media Defects Overview and features are described in this chapter, and specifications and power requirement are described. The MHE Series and MHF Series are 2.5-inch hard disk drives with built-in disk controllers.

  • Page 23: Features

    The fillowing features of the MHE Series and MHF Series are described. (1) Compact The MHE2064AT and MHE2043AT have 3 disks, and its height is 12.5 mm (0.492 inch). The MHF2043AT and MHF2021AT have 1 disk or 2 disks of 65 mm (2.5 inches) diameter, and its height is 9.5 mm (0.374 inch).

  • Page 24: Interface

    1.1.3 Interface (1) Connection to interface With the built-in ATA interface controller, the disk drives (the MHE Series and MHF Series) can be connected to an ATA interface of a personal computer. (2) 512-KB data buffer The disk drives (the MHE Series and MHF Series) uses a 512-KB data buffer to transfer data between the host and the disk media.

  • Page 25: Device Specifications

    Device Overview 1.2 Device Specifications 1.2.1 Specifications summary Table 1.1 shows the specfications of the disk drives (MHE2064AT/MHE2043AT). Table 1.1 Specifications (MHE2064AT/MHE2043AT) Format Capacity (*1) Number of Heads Number of Cylinders (User) Bytes per Sector Recording Method Track Density Bit Density...

  • Page 26: Table 1.2 Specifications (Mhf2043At/Mhf2021At)

    Table 1.2 shows the specfications of the disk drives (MHF2043AT/MHF2021AT). Table 1.2 Specifications (MHF2043AT/MHF2021AT) Format Capacity (*1) Number of Heads Number of Cylinders (User) Bytes per Sector Recording Method Track Density Bit Density Rotational Speed Average Latency Positioning time (read and seek) •...

  • Page 27: Model And Product Number

    Table 1.3 Specifications (MHE2064AT/2043AT/MHF2043AT/2021AT) Model Formatted Capacity MHE2064AT 6,495.06 MB MHE2043AT 4,327.46 MB MHF2043AT 4,327.46 MB MHF2021AT 2,167.60 MB 1.2.2 Model and product number Table 1.4 lists the model names and product numbers of the MHE Series and MHF Series.

  • Page 28: Figure 1.1 Current Fluctuation (Typ.) At +5V When Power Is Turned On

    (3) Current Requirements and Power Dissipation Table 1.5 lists the current and power dissipation. Table 1.5 Current and power dissipation Typical RMS Current MHE Series Spin up (*1) 0.9 A Idle 190 mA R/W (*2) 430 mA Standby 70 mA Sleep 26 mA Energy...

  • Page 29: Environmental Specifications

    Device Overview (5) Power on/off sequence The voltage detector circuits (the MHE Series and MHF Series) monitor +5 V. The circuits do not allow a write signal if either voltage is abnormal. These prevent data from being destroyed and eliminates the need to be concerned with the power on/off sequence.

  • Page 30: Acoustic Noise

    1.5 Acoustic Noise Table 1.7 lists the acoustic noise specification. Table 1.7 Acoustic noise specification Item Sound Pressure • Idle mode (DRIVE READY) Note: Measure the noise from the cover top surface. 1.6 Shock and Vibration Table 1.8 lists the shock and vibration specification. Table 1.8 Shock and vibration specification Item Vibration (swept sine, one octave per minute)

  • Page 31: Reliability

    Device Overview 1.7 Reliability (1) Mean time between failures (MTBF) Conditions of 300,000 h MTBF is defined as follows: Total operation time in all fields MTBF= number of device failure in all fields “Disk drive defects” refers to defects that involve repair, readjustment, or replacement.

  • Page 32: Error Rate

    1.8 Error Rate Known defects, for which alternative blocks can be assigned, are not included in the error rate count below. It is assumed that the data blocks to be accessed are evenly distributed on the disk media. (1) Unrecoverable read error Read errors that cannot be recovered by maximum read retries of drive without user’s retry and ECC corrections shall occur no more than 10 times when reading data of 10...
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  • Page 34: Chapter 2 Device Configuration

    CHAPTER 2 Device Configuration Device Configuration System Configuration This chapter describes the internal configurations of the hard disk drives and the configuration of the systems in which they operate. C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 35: Device Configuration

    Figure 2.2 illustrates the configuration of the disks and heads of each model. In the disk surface, servo information necessary for controlling positioning and read/write and user data are written. Numerals 0 to 5 indicate read/write heads. MHF20xxAT MHE2043AT: 2 disks MHF2021AT: 1 disks C141-E057-02EN...

  • Page 36: Figure 2.2 Configuration Of Disk Media Heads

    Head Head MHE2064AT MHE2043AT Figure 2.2 Configuration of disk media heads (3) Spindle motor The disks are rotated by a direct drive Hall-less DC motor. (4) Actuator The actuator uses a revolving voice coil motor (VCM) structure which consumes low power and generates very little heat. The head assembly at the edge of the actuator arm is controlled and positioned by feedback of the servo information read by the read/write head.

  • Page 37: System Configuration

    2.2.3 2 drives connection Note: When the drive that is not conformed to ATA is connected to the disk drive above configuration, the operation is not guaranteed. Figure 2.4 2 drives configuration MHE2064AT MHE2043AT MHC2032AT (Host adaptor) MHF2043AT MHC2040AT MHF2021AT...
  • Page 38 2.2 System Configuration HA (host adaptor) consists of address decoder, driver, and receiver. ATA is an abbreviation of “AT attachment”. The disk drive is conformed to the ATA-4 interface. At high speed data transfer (PIO mode 3, mode 4, or DMA mode 2 U-DMA mode 2), occurence of ringing or crosstalk of the signal lines (AT bus) between the HA and the disk drive may be a great cause of the obstruction of system reliability.
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  • Page 40: Chapter 3 Installation Conditions

    CHAPTER 3 Installation Conditions Dimensions Mounting Cable Connections Jumper Settings This chapter gives the external dimensions, installation conditions, surface temperature conditions, cable connections, and switch settings of the hard disk drives. C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 41: Dimensions

    Installation Conditions 3.1 Dimensions Figure 3.1 illustrates the dimensions of the disk drive and positions of the mounting screw holes. All dimensions are in mm. Figure 3.1 Dimensions (MHE series) (1/2) C141-E057-01EN...
  • Page 42 3.1 Dimensions Figure 3.1 Dimensions (MHF series) (2/2) C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 43: Mounting

    Installation Conditions 3.2 Mounting (1) Orientation Figure 3.2 illustrates the allowable orientations for the disk drive. (a) Horizontal –1 (c) Vertical –1 (e) Vertical –3 Figure 3.2 Orientation (Sample: MHE2064AT) gravity (b) Horizontal –1 gravity (d) Vertical –2 gravity (f) Vertical –4 C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 44: Figure 3.3 Mounting Frame Structure

    (2) Frame The MR head bias of the HDD disk enclosure (DE) is zero. The mounting frame is connected to SG. Use M3 screw for the mounting screw and the screw length should satisfy the specification in Figure 3.3. The tightening torque must not exceed 3 kgcm. When attaching the HDD to the system frame, do not allow the system frame to touch parts (cover and base) other than parts to which the HDD is attached.

  • Page 45: Figure 3.4 Surface Temperature Measurement Points (Sample: Mhe2064At)

    Installation Conditions (4) Ambient temperature The temperature conditions for a disk drive mounted in a cabinet refer to the ambient temperature at a point 3 cm from the disk drive. The ambient temperature must satisfy the temperature conditions described in Section 1.4, and the airflow must be considered to prevent the DE surface temperature from exceeding 60 C.

  • Page 46: Figure 3.5 Service Area (Sample: Mhe2064At)

    (5) Service area Figure 3.5 shows how the drive must be accessed (service areas) during and after installation. Mounting screw hole Cable connection Figure 3.5 Service area (Sample: MHE2064AT) Data corruption: Avoid mounting the disk drive near strong magnetic sources such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk drive is not affected by external magnetic fields.

  • Page 47: Cable Connections

    Installation Conditions 3.3 Cable Connections 3.3.1 Device connector The disk drive has the connectors and terminals listed below for connecting external devices. Figure 3.6 shows the locations of these connectors and terminals. Connector, setting pins Figure 3.6 Connector locations (Sample: MHE2064AT) C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 48: Cable Connector Specifications

    3.3.2 Cable connector specifications Table 3.2 lists the recommended specifications for the cable connectors. Table 3.2 Cable connector specifications ATA interface and power supply cable (44-pin type) For the host interface cable, use a ribbon cable. A twisted cable or a cable with wires that have become separated from the ribbon may cause crosstalk between signal lines.

  • Page 49: Power Supply Connector (Cn1)

    Installation Conditions 3.3.4 Power supply connector (CN1) Figure 3.8 shows the pin assignment of the power supply connector (CN1). Figure 3.8 Power supply connector pins (CN1) 3.4 Jumper Settings 3.4.1 Location of setting jumpers Figure 3.9 shows the location of the jumpers to select drive configuration and functions.

  • Page 50: Factory Default Setting

    3.4.2 Factory default setting Figure 3.10 shows the default setting position at the factory. Figure 3.10 Factory default setting 3.4.3 Master drive-slave drive setting Master device (device #0) or slave device (device #1) is selected. Open Open (a) Master drive Figure 3.11 Jumper setting of master or slave device Note: Pins A and C should be open.

  • Page 51: Csel Setting

    Installation Conditions 3.4.4 CSEL setting Figure 3.12 shows the cable select (CSEL) setting. Note: The CSEL setting is not depended on setting between pins Band D. Figure 3.13 and 3.14 show examples of cable selection using unique interface cables. By connecting the CSEL of the master device to the CSEL Line (conducer) of the cable and connecting it to ground further, the CSEL is set to low level.

  • Page 52: Figure 3.14 Example (2) Of Cable Select

    3.4 Jumper Settings Figure 3.14 Example (2) of Cable Select C141-E057-01EN 3-13...
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  • Page 54: Chapter 4 Theory Of Device Operation

    CHAPTER 4 Theory of Device Operation Outline Subassemblies Circuit Configuration Power-on Sequence Self-calibration Read/write Circuit Servo Control This chapter explains basic design concepts of the disk drive. Also, this chapter explains subassemblies of the disk drive, each sequence, servo control, and electrical circuit blocks.

  • Page 55: Outline

    4.2.1 Disk The DE contains disks with an outer diameter of 65 mm and an inner diameter of 20 mm. The MHE2064AT have three disks and MHE2043AT have two disks and MHF2043AT have two disks and MHF2021AT have one disk.

  • Page 56: Spindle

    Head Head MHE2064AT MHE2043AT 4.2.3 Spindle The spindle consists of a disk stack assembly and spindle motor. The disk stack assembly is activated by the direct drive sensor-less DC spindle motor, which has a speed of 4,200 rpm 1%. The spindle is controlled with detecting a PHASE signal generated by counter electromotive voltage of the spindle motor at starting.

  • Page 57: Circuit Configuration

    Theory of Device Operation 4.3 Circuit Configuration Figure 4.2 shows the disk drive circuit configuration. (1) Read/write circuit The read/write circuit consists of two LSIs; read/write preamplifier (PreAMP) and read channel (RDC). The PreAMP consists of the write current switch circuit, that flows the write current to the head coil, and the voltage amplifier circuit, that amplitudes the read output from the head.

  • Page 58: Figure 4.2 Circuit Configuration

    4.3 Circuit Configuration 16 bit Figure 4.2 Circuit Configuration C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 59: Power-On Sequence

    Theory of Device Operation 4.4 Power-on Sequence Figure 4.3 describes the operation sequence of the disk drive at power-on. The outline is described below. a) After the power is turned on, the disk drive executes the MPU bus test, internal register read/write test, and work RAM read/write test. When the self-diagnosis terminates successfully, the disk drive starts the spindle motor.

  • Page 60: Self-Calibration

    Figure 4.3 Power-on operation sequence 4.5 Self-calibration The disk drive occasionally performs self-calibration in order to sense and calibrate mechanical external forces on the actuator, and VCM tarque. This enables precise seek and read/write operations. 4.5.1 Self-calibration contents (1) Sensing and compensating for external forces The actuator suffers from torque due to the FPC forces and winds accompanying disk revolution.

  • Page 61: Execution Timing Of Self-Calibration

    Theory of Device Operation The forces are compensated by adding the measured value to the specified current value to the power amplifier. This makes the stable servo control. To compensate torque varing by the cylinder, the disk is divided into 8 areas from the innermost to the outermost circumference and the compensating value is measured at the measuring cylinder on each area at factory calibration.

  • Page 62: Command Processing During Self-Calibration

    Table 4.1 Self-calibration execution timechart At power-on About 5 minutes About 5 minutes About 10 minutes About 10 minutes About 15 minutes About 15 minutes Every about 30 minutes 4.5.3 Command processing during self-calibration If the disk drive receives a command execution request from the host while executing self-calibration according to the timechart, the disk drive terminates self-calibration and starts executing the command precedingly.

  • Page 63: Write Circuit

    Theory of Device Operation signal (WUS) when a write error occurs due to head short-circuit or head disconnection. The Pre AMP sets the write current and bias current which flows through MR devices. 4.6.2 Write circuit The write data is output from the hard disk controller (HDC) with the NRZ data format, and sent to the encoder circuit in the RDC.

  • Page 64: Figure 4.4 Read/Write Circuit Block Diagram

    4.6 Read/write Circuit Figure 4.4 Read/write circuit block diagram C141-E057-01EN 4-11...

  • Page 65: Read Circuit

    Theory of Device Operation 4.6.3 Read circuit The head read signal from the PreAMP is regulated by the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit. Then the output is converted into the sampled read data pulse by the programmable filter circuit and the flash digitizer circuit. This clock signal is converted into the NRZ data by the 16/17 GCR decoder circuit based on the read data maximum-likelihood-detected by the Viterbi detection circuit, then is sent to the HDC.

  • Page 66: Digital Pll Circuit

    (3) Flash digitizer circuit This circuit is 10-tap sampled analog transversal filter circuit that cosine-equalizes the head read signal to the partial response class 4 (EPR4) waveform. (4) Viterbi detection circuit The sample hold waveform output from the flash digitizer circuit is sent to the Viterbi detection circuit.

  • Page 67: Servo Control

    Theory of Device Operation 4.7 Servo Control The actuator motor and the spindle motor are submitted to servo control. The actuator motor is controlled for moving and positioning the head to the track containing the desired data. To turn the disk at a constant velocity, the actuator motor is controlled according to the servo data that is written on the data side beforehand.
  • Page 68 The major internal operations are listed below. Spindle motor start Starts the spindle motor and accelerates it to normal speed when power is applied. Move head to reference cylinder Drives the VCM to position the head at the any cylinder in the data area. The logical initial cylinder is at the outermost circumference (cylinder 0).

  • Page 69: Figure 4.7 Physical Sector Servo Configuration On Disk Surface

    Theory of Device Operation Figure 4.7 Physical sector servo configuration on disk surface 4-16 Servo frame (60 servo frames revolution) Diameter CYL-n (n: even number) direction Circumference direction Erase: DC erase area C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 70: Index

    (2) Servo burst capture circuit The servo burst capture circuit reproduces signals (position signals) that indicate the head position from the servo data on the data surface. SERVO A, SERVO B, SERVO C and SERVO D burst signals shown in Figure 4.8 followed the servo mark, cylinder gray and index information are output from the servo area on the data surface via the data head.

  • Page 71: Data-Surface Servo Format

    Theory of Device Operation 4.7.2 Data-surface servo format Figure 4.7 describes the physical layout of the servo frame. The three areas indicated by (1) to (3) in Figure 4.7 are described below. (1) Inner guard band The head is in contact with the disk in this space when the spindle starts turning or stops, and the rotational speed of the spindle can be controlled on this cylinder area for head moving.

  • Page 72: Actuator Motor Control

    (1) Write/read recovery This area is used to absorb the write/read transient and to stabilize the AGC. (2) Servo mark This area gererates a timing for demodulating the gray code and position- demodulating the servo A to D by detecting the servo mark. (3) Gray code (including index bit) This area is used as cylinder address.

  • Page 73: Spindle Motor Control

    (called SVC hereafter). The firmware operates on the MPU manufactured by Fujitsu. The spindle motor is controlled by sending several signals from the MPU to the SVC. There are three modes for the spindle control; start mode, acceleration mode, and stable rotation mode.
  • Page 74 d) During phase switching, the spindle motor starts rotating in low speed, and generates a counter electromotive force. The SVC detects this counter electromotive force and reports to the MPU using a PHASE signal for speed detection. e) The MPU is waiting for a PHASE signal. When no phase signal is sent for a sepcific period, the MPU resets the SVC and starts from the beginning.
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  • Page 76: Chapter 5 Interface

    CHAPTER 5 Interface Physical Interface Logical Interface Host Commands Command Protocol Ultra DMA Feature Set Timing This chapter gives details about the interface, and the interface commands and timings. C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 77: Physical Interface

    Interface 5.1 Physical Interface 5.1.1 Interface signals Figure 5.1 shows the interface signals. DIOW-: I/O WRITE STOP: STOP DURING ULTRA DMA DATA BURSTS D IOR-: I/O READ H D M A R D Y : DMA READY DURING ULTRA DMA DATA IN BURSTS HSTROBE: DATA STROBE DURING ULTRA DMA DATA OUT BURSTS INTRQ: IOCS16-: 16-BIT I/O...

  • Page 78: Signal Assignment On The Connector

    5.1.2 Signal assignment on the connector Table 5.1 shows the signal assignment on the interface connector. Table 5.1 Signal assignment on the interface connector Pin No. Signal ENCSEL ENCSEL (KEY) RESET– DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 DMARQ DIOW-, STOP DIOR-, HDMRDY, HSTROBE...
  • Page 79 Interface [signal] [I/O] ENCSEL This signal is used to set master/slave using the CSEL signal (pin 28). Pins A and C MSTR MSTR, I, Master/slave setting 1: Master RESET- Reset signal from the host. This signal is low active and is asserted for a minimum of 25 s during power on.
  • Page 80 [signal] [I/O] IOCS16- This signal indicates 16-bit data bus is addressed in PIO data transfer. This signal is an open collector output. CS0- Chip select signal decoded from the host address bus. This signal is used by the host to select the command block registers. CS1- Chip select signal decoded from the host address bus.

  • Page 81: Logical Interface

    Interface [signal] [I/O] DMARQ This signal is used for DMA transfer between the host system and the device. The device asserts this signal when the device completes the preparation of DMA data transfer to the host system (at reading) or from the host system (at writing). The direction of data transfer is controlled by the DIOR and DIOW signals.

  • Page 82: I/O Registers

    5.2.1 I/O registers Communication between the host system and the device is done through input- output (I/O) registers of the device. These I/O registers can be selected by the coded signals, CS0-, CS1-, and DA0 to DA2 from the host system. Table 5.2. shows the coding address and the function of I/O registers.

  • Page 83: Command Block Registers

    Interface 5.2.2 Command block registers (1) Data register (X’1F0’) The Data register is a 16-bit register for data block transfer between the device and the host system. Data transfer mode is PIO or DMA mode. (2) Error register (X’1F1’) The Error register indicates the status of the command executed by the device. The contents of this register are valid when the ERR bit of the Status register is 1.
  • Page 84 [Diagnostic code] X’01’: No Error Detected. X’02’: HDC Register Compare Error X’03’: Data Buffer Compare Error. X’05’: ROM Sum Check Error. X’80’: Device 1 (slave device) Failed. Error register of the master device is valid under two devices (master and slave) configuration. If the slave device fails, the master device posts X’80’...
  • Page 85 Interface (6) Cylinder Low register (X’1F4’) The contents of this register indicates low-order 8 bits of the starting cylinder address for any disk-access. At the end of a command, the contents of this register are updated to the current cylinder number. Under the LBA mode, this register indcates LBA bits 15 to 8.
  • Page 86 (9) Status register (X’1F7’) The contents of this register indicate the status of the device. The contents of this register are updated at the completion of each command. When the BSY bit is cleared, other bits in this register should be validated within 400 ns. When the BSY bit is 1, other bits of this register are invalid.
  • Page 87 Interface - Bit 5: The Device Write Fault (DF) bit. This bit indicates that a device fault (write fault) condition has been detected. If a write fault is detected during command execution, this bit is latched and retained until the device accepts the next command or reset.

  • Page 88: Control Block Registers

    5.2.3 Control block registers (1) Alternate Status register (X’3F6’) The Alternate Status register contains the same information as the Status register of the command block register. The only difference from the Status register is that a read of this register does not imply Interrupt Acknowledge and INTRQ signal is not reset.

  • Page 89: Command Code And Parameters

    Interface When the BSY bit is 1 or the DRQ bit is 1 (the device is requesting the data transfer) and the host system writes to the command register, the correct device operation is not guaranteed. 5.3.1 Command code and parameters Table 5.3 lists the supported commands, command code and the registers that needed parameters are written.
  • Page 90 Table 5.3 Command code and parameters (2 of 2) Command name IDLE IMMEDIATE STANDBY STANDBY IMMEDIATE SLEEP CHECK POWER MODE SMART SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD SECURITY ERASE PREPARE SECURITY ERASE UNIT SECURITY FREEZE LOCK SECURITY SET PASSWORD SECURITY UNLOCK FLUSH CACHE Notes: Features Register CY: Cylinder Registers...

  • Page 91: Command Descriptions

    Interface Necessary to set parameters under the LBA mode. Not necessary to set parameters (The parameter is ignored if it is set.) May set parameters The device parameter is valid, and the head parameter is ignored. The command is addressed to the master device, but both the master device and the slave device execute it.
  • Page 92 CM: Command register DH: Device/Head register CH: Cylinder High register CL: Cylinder Low register SN: Sector Number register SC: Sector Count register Note: When the L bit is specified to 1, the lower 4 bits of the DH register and all bits of the CH, CL and SN registers indicate the LBA bits (bits of the DH register are the MSB (most significant bit) and bits of the SN register are the LSB (least significant bit).
  • Page 93 Interface Command block registers contain the cylinder, the head, and the sector addresses of the sector (in the CHS mode) or the logical block address (in the LBA mode) where the error occurred, and remaining number of sectors of which data was not transferred.
  • Page 94 The implementation of the READ MULTIPLE command is identical to that of the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the number of sectors is specified by the SET MULTIPLE MODE command are transferred without intervening interrupts. In the READ MULTIPLE command operation, the DRQ bit of the Status register is set only at the start of the data block, and is not set on each sector.

  • Page 95: Figure 5.2 Execution Example Of Read Multiple Command

    Interface Figure 5.2 Execution example of READ MULTIPLE command At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of sectors for which data was not transferred is set in this register.
  • Page 96 (3) READ DMA (X’C8’ or X’C9’) This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except for following events. The data transfer starts at the timing of DMARQ signal assertion. The device controls the assertion or negation timing of the DMARQ signal. The device posts a status as the result of command execution only once at completion of the data transfer.
  • Page 97 Interface At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register. (4) READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) (X’40’...
  • Page 98 At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) R = 0 with Retry R = 1 without Retry At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
  • Page 99 Interface The data stored in the buffer, and CRC code and ECC bytes are written to the data field of the corresponding sector(s). Upon the completion of the command execution, the command block registers contain the cylinder, head, and sector addresses of the last sector written.
  • Page 100 (6) WRITE MULTIPLE (X’C5’) This command is similar to the WRITE SECTOR(S) command. The device does not generate interrupts (assertion of the INTRQ) signal) on each sector but on the transfer of a block which contains the number of sectors for which the number is defined by the SET MULTIPLE MODE command.
  • Page 101 Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (7) WRITE DMA (X’CA’ or X’CB’) This command operates similarly to the WRITE SECTOR(S) command except for following events.
  • Page 102 A host system can select the following transfer mode using the SET FEATURES command. 1) Single word DMA transfer mode 0 to 2 2) Multiword DMA transfer mode 0 to 2 3) Ultra DMA transfer mode 0 to 2 At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH)
  • Page 103 Interface After all sectors are verified, the last interruption (INTRQ for command termination) is generated. At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN)
  • Page 104 At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) Note: Also executable in LBA mode. (10) SEEK (X’7x’, x : X’0’ to X’F’) This command performs a seek operation to the track and selects the head specified in the command block registers.
  • Page 105 Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (11) INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS (X’91’) The host system can set the number of sectors per track and the maximum head number (maximum head number is “number of heads minus 1”) per cylinder with this command.
  • Page 106 At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (12) IDENTIFY DEVICE (X’EC’) The host system issues the IDENTIFY DEVICE command to read parameter information (512 bytes) from the device.
  • Page 107 Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (1 of 7) Word Value X’045A’...
  • Page 108 Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (2 of 7) Word Value 23-26 – Firmware revision (ASCII code, 8 characters, left) 27-46 Set by a device Model name (ASCII code, 40 characters, left) X’8010’ Maximum number of sectors per interrupt on READ/WRITE MULTIPLE command X’0000’...
  • Page 109 Bit 13: Standby timer value. Factory default is 0. Bit 12: Reserved Bit 11: IORDY support Bit 10: IORDY inhibition Bit 9-0: Undefined 5-34 Description MHE2064AT MHE2043AT MHF2043AT X’3470’ X’22F0’ X’22F0’ X’0F’ X’0F’ X’0F’ X’3F’ X’3F’ X’3F’ X’80F7F0’ X’80F7F0’ X’80F7F0’...
  • Page 110 Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (5 of 7) Bit 9, 8: Always 1 *4 Word 51: PIO data transfer mode Bit 15-8: PIO data transfer mode Bit 7-0: Undefined *5 Word 53: Enable/disable setting of word 54-58 and 64-70 Bit 15-3: Reserved Bit 2:...
  • Page 111 Interface Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (6 of 7) Bit 2: ATA-2 supported = 1 Bit 1: ATA-1 supported = 1 Bit 0: Undefined *10 WORD 82 Bit 15: Undefined Bit 14: '1' = Supports the NOP command. Bit 13: '1' = Supports the READ BUFFER command.
  • Page 112 Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (7 of 7) *12 WORD 85 Bits 15-9 : Same definition as WORD 82. Bit 8 : '1' = Enables the SERVICE interrupt. Bit 7: '1' = Enables the release interrupt. Bit 6: '1' = Enables the read cache function.
  • Page 113 Interface (13) IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA (X’EE’) When this command is not used to transfer data to the host in DMA mode, this command functions in the same way as the Identify Device command. At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH)

  • Page 114: Table 5.5 Features Register Values And Settable Modes

    Table 5.5 Features register values and settable modes Features Register X’02’ Enables the write cache function. X’03’ Transfer mode depends on the contents of the Sector Count register. (Details are given later.) X’05’ Enables the advanced power management function. X’55’ Disables read cache function.
  • Page 115 Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) The host sets X’03’ to the Features register. By issuing this command with setting a value to the Sector Count register, the transfer mode can be selected.
  • Page 116 Single word DMA transfer mode X Multiword DMA transfer mode X Ultra DMA transfer mode X The host writes the Sector Count register with the desired power management level and executes this command with the Features register X’05’, and then Advanced Power Management is enabled.

  • Page 117: At Command Issuance (I/O Registers Setting Contents)

    Interface When the SET MULTIPLE MODE command operation is completed, the device clears the BSY bit and generates an interrupt. At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH)
  • Page 118 Word 47 Bit 7-0 = 10: Maximum number of sectors that can be transferred per interrupt by the READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are 16 (fixed). Word 59 = 0000: The READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are disabled. = 00xx: The READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are enabled.

  • Page 119: 1F7 (Cm)

    Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (17) READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS (F8) This command posts the maximum address intrinsic to the device, which can be set by the SET MAX ADDRESS command.
  • Page 120 At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (18) EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC (X’90’) This command performs an internal diagnostic test (self-diagnosis) of the device. This command usually sets the DRV bit of the Drive/Head register is to 0 (however, the DV bit is not checked).

  • Page 121: Table 5.6 Diagnostic Code

    Interface Table 5.6 Diagnostic code Code X’01’ X’03’ X’05’ X’8x’ attention: The device responds normally to this command without excuting internal diagnostic test. At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH)
  • Page 122 (19) READ LONG (X’22’ or X’23’) This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the device transfers the data in the requested sector and the ECC bytes to the host system. The ECC error correction is not performed for this command. This command is used for checking ECC function by combining with the WRITE LONG command.
  • Page 123 Interface (20) WRITE LONG (X’32’ or X’33’) This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the device writes the data and the ECC bytes transferred from the host system to the disk medium. The device does not generate ECC bytes by itself. The WRITE LONG command supports only single sector operation.
  • Page 124 (21) READ BUFFER (X’E4’) The host system can read the current contents of the sector buffer of the device by issuing this command. Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of Status register and sets up the sector buffer for a read operation. Then the device sets the DRQ bit of Status register, clears the BSY bit, and generates an interrupt.
  • Page 125 Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (23) IDLE (X’97’ or X’E3’) Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register, and enters the idle mode.
  • Page 126 Sector Count register value [X’00’] 1 to 3 [X’01’ to X’03’] 4 to 240 [X’04’ to X’F0’] 241 to 251 [X’F1’ to X’FB’] [X’FC’] [X’FD’] 254 to 255 [X’FE’ to X’FF’] attention: The automatic power-down is excuted if no command is coming for 30 min.
  • Page 127 Interface (24) IDLE IMMEDIATE (X’95’ or X’E1’) Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register, and enters the idle mode. Then, the device clears the BSY bit, and generates an interrupt. This command does not support the automatic power-down function. At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH)
  • Page 128 Under the standby mode, the spindle motor is stopped. Thus, when the command involving a seek such as the READ SECTOR(s) command is received, the device processes the command after driving the spindle motor. attention: The automatic power-down is excuted if no command is coming for 30 min.
  • Page 129 Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (27) SLEEP (X’99’ or X’E6’) This command is the only way to make the device enter the sleep mode. Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register and enters the sleep mode.
  • Page 130 At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (28) CHECK POWER MODE (X’98’ or X’E5’) The host checks the power mode of the device with this command. The host system can confirm the power save mode of the device by analyzing the contents of the Sector Count and Sector registers.
  • Page 131 Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (29) SMART (X’B0) This command performs operations for device failure predictions according to a subcommand specified in the FR register.

  • Page 132: Table 5.7 Features Register Values (Subcommands) And Functions

    Table 5.7 Features Register values (subcommands) and functions Features Resister X’D0’ SMART Read Attribute Values: A device that received this subcommand asserts the BSY bit and saves all the updated attribute values. The device then clears the BSY bit and transfers 512-byte attribute value information to the host.
  • Page 133 Interface Features Resister X’DA’ SMART Return Status: When the device receives this subcommand, it asserts the BSY bit and saves the current device attribute values. Then the device compares the device attribute values with insurance failure threshold values. If there is an attribute value exceeding the threshold, F4h and 2Ch are loaded into the CL and CH registers.

  • Page 134: Table 5.8 Format Of Device Attribute Value Data

    At command completion (I-O registers setting contents) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) The attribute value information is 512-byte data; the format of this data is shown below. The host can access this data using the SMART Read Attribute Values subcommand (FR register = D0h).

  • Page 135: Table 5.9 Format Of Insurance Failure Threshold Value Data

    Interface Table 5.9 Format of insurance failure threshold value data Byte Data format version number Attribute 1 04 to 0D Threshold 1 (Threshold of attribute 1) 0E to 169 Threshold 2 to threshold 30 16A to 17B Reserved 17C to 1FE Unique to vendor Check sum Data format version number The data format version number indicates the version number of the data...
  • Page 136 Attribute ID Number of power-on-power-off times 13 to 198 (Reserved) Ultra ATA CRC error rate Write error rate 201 to 255 (Unique to vendor) Status Flag If this bit 1, it indicates that if the attribute exceeds the threshold, it is the attribute covered by the drive warranty. If this bit is 1 (0), it indicates the attribute only updated by an on- line test (off-line test).
  • Page 137 Interface Bit 7: If this bit is 1, it indicates that the automatic off-line data collection function is enabled. Status Byte Number of off-line data collection segments Indicates the number of segments required to terminate off-line data collection. Time required for next segment [sec] Indicates the time required to terminate the next segment.
  • Page 138 Check sum Two’s complement of the lower byte, obtained by adding 511-byte data one byte at a time from the beginning. Insurance failure threshold The limit of a varying attribute value. The host compares the attribute values with the thresholds to identify a failure. (30) SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD (F6h) This command invalidates the user password already set and releases the lock function.

  • Page 139: Table 5.10 Contents Of Security Password

    Interface Table 5.10 Contents of security password Word 1 to 16 17 to 255 At command issuance (I-O register contents)) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I-O register contents) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (31) SECURITY ERASE PREPARE (F3h) The SECURITY ERASE UNIT command feature is enabled by issuing the SECURITY ERASE PREPARE command and then the SECURITY ERASE...
  • Page 140 At command issuance (I-O register contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I-O register contents) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (32) SECURITY ERASE UNIT (F4h) This command erases all user data. This command also invalidates the user password and releases the lock function.
  • Page 141 Interface At command issuance (I-O register contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I-O register contents) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (33) SECURITY FREEZE LOCK (F5h) This command puts the device into FROZEN MODE. The following commands used to change the lock function return the Aborted Command error if the device is in FROZEN MODE.
  • Page 142 READ DMA READ LONG READ MULTIPLE READ SECTORS At command issuance (I-O register contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I-O register contents) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) C141-E057-01EN WRITE DMA SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD WRITE LONG SECURITY FREEZE LOCK WRITE MULTIPLE...

  • Page 143: Table 5.11 Contents Of Security Set Password Data

    Interface (34) SECURITY SET PASSWORD (F1h) This command enables a user password or master password to be set. The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 1.2 to the device. The device determines the operation of the lock function according to the specifications of the Identifier bit and Security level bit in the transferred data.

  • Page 144: Table 5.12 Relationship Between Combination Of Identifier And Security Level, And Operation Of The Lock Function

    Table 5.12 Relationship between combination of Identifier and Security level, and operation of the lock function Indentifier Level User High Master High User Maximum Master Maximum (35) SECURITY UNLOCK This command cancels LOCKED MODE. The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 1.1 to the device. Operation of the device varies as follows depending on whether the host specifies the master password.
  • Page 145 Interface Issuing this command in FROZEN MODE returns the Aborted Command error. At command issuance (I-O register contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I-O register contents) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) (36) FLUSH CACHE (E7) This command is used to order to write every write cache data stored by the device into the medium.

  • Page 146: Error Posting

    At command issuance (I-O register contents) (CM) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (FR) At command completion (I-O register contents to be read) (ST) (DH) (CH) (CL) (SN) (SC) (ER) 5.3.3 Error posting Table 5.7 lists the defined errors that are valid for each command. Table 5.13 Command code and parameters (1 of 2) Command name READ SECTOR(S)
  • Page 147 Interface Table 5.13 Command code and parameters (2 of 2) Command name RECALIBRATE SEEK INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS IDENTIFY DEVICE IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA SET FEATURES SET MULTIPLE MODE SET MAX ADDRESS READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC READ LONG WRITE LONG READ BUFFER WRITE BUFFER IDLE...

  • Page 148: Command Protocol

    5.4 Command Protocol The host should confirm that the BSY bit of the Status register of the device is 0 prior to issue a command. If BSY bit is 1, the host should wait for issuing a command until BSY bit is cleared to 0. Commands can be executed only when the DRDY bit of the Status register is 1.

  • Page 149: Figure 5.3 Read Sector(S) Command Protocol

    Interface words, the host should receive the relevant sector of data (512 bytes of uninsured dummy data) or release the DRQ status by resetting. Figure 5.3 shows an example of READ SECTOR(S) command protocol, and Figure 5.4 shows an example protocol for command abort. Figure 5.3 Read Sector(s) command protocol Note: For transfer of a sector of data, the host needs to read Status register (X’1F7’) in order to...

  • Page 150: Data Transferring Commands From Host To Device

    sector in multiple-sector reading. If the timing to read the Status register does not meet above condition, normal data transfer operation is not guaranteed. When the host new command even if the device requests the data transfer (setting in DRQ bit), the correct device operation is not guaranteed.

  • Page 151: Figure 5.5 Write Sector(S) Command Protocol

    Interface b) The host writes a command code in the Command register. The drive sets the BSY bit of the Status register. c) When the device is ready to receive the data of the first sector, the device sets DRQ bit and clears BSY bit. d) The host writes one sector of data through the Data register.

  • Page 152: Commands Without Data Transfer

    Note: For transfer of a sector of data, the host needs to read Status register (X’1F7’) in order to clear INTRQ (interrupt) signal. The Status register should be read within a period from the DRQ setting by the device to 50 s after the completion of the sector data transfer. Note that the host does not need to read the Status register for the first and the last sector to be transferred.

  • Page 153: Other Commands

    Interface Figure 5.6 Protocol for the command execution without data transfer 5.4.4 Other commands READ MULTIPLE SLEEP WRITE MULTIPLE See the description of each command. 5.4.5 DMA data transfer commands READ DMA WRITE DMA Starting the DMA transfer command is the same as the READ SECTOR(S) or WRITE SECTOR(S) command except the point that the host initializes the DMA channel preceding the command issurance.

  • Page 154: Figure 5.7 Normal Dma Data Transfer

    When the command execution is completed, the device clears both BSY and DRQ bits and asserts the INTRQ signal. Then, the host reads the Status register. g) The host resets the DMA channel. Figure 5.7 shows the correct DMA data transfer protocol. Figure 5.7 Normal DMA data transfer C141-E057-01EN 5.4 Command Protocol...

  • Page 155: Ultra Dma Feature Set

    Interface 5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set 5.5.1 Overview Ultra DMA is a data transfer protocol used with the READ DMA and WRITE DMA commands. When this protocol is enabled it shall be used instead of the Multiword DMA protocol when these commands are issued by the host. This protocol applies to the Ultra DMA data burst only.

  • Page 156: Phases Of Operation

    Both the host and device perform a CRC function during an Ultra DMA burst. At the end of an Ultra DMA burst the host sends the its CRC data to the device. The device compares its CRC data to the data sent from the host. If the two values do not match the device reports an error in the error register at the end of the command.

  • Page 157: Data Transfer Phase

    Interface g) Ultra DMA data in burst The device should not invert the state of this signal in the period from the moment of STOP signal negation or HDMARDY-signal assertion to the moment of inversion of the first STROBE signal. 5.5.2.2 Data transfer phase a) The Data transfer phase is defined as the period from The Ultra DMA burst initiation phase to Ultra DMA burst termination phase.

  • Page 158: Ultra Dma Data In Commands

    Once the transmitting side has outputted the ending request, the output state of STROBE signal should not be changed unless the receiving side has confirmed it. Then, if the STROBE signal is not in asserted state, The transmitting side should assert the STROBE signal. However, the assertion of the STROBE signal should not cause the data transfer to occur.

  • Page 159: The Data In Transfer

    Interface 9) The host shall negate STOP and assert HDMARDY- within t asserting DMACK-. After negating STOP and asserting HDMARDY-, the host shall not change the state of either signal until after receiving the first transition of DSTROBE from the device (i.e., after the first data word has been received).

  • Page 160: Terminating An Ultra Dma Data In Burst

    3) The device shall resume an Ultra DMA burst by generating a DSTROBE edge. b) Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 1) The host shall not pause an Ultra DMA burst until at least one data word of an Ultra DMA burst has been transferred. 2) The host shall pause an Ultra DMA burst by negating HDMARDY-.
  • Page 161 Interface 7) If DSTROBE is negated, the device shall assert DSTROBE within t after the host has asserted STOP. No data shall be transferred during this assertion. The host shall ignore this transition on DSTROBE. DSTROBE shall remain asserted until the Ultra DMA burst is terminated.
  • Page 162 5) The host shall assert STOP no sooner than t HDMARDY-. The host shall not negate STOP again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated. 6) The device shall negate DMARQ within t STOP. The device shall not assert DMARQ again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated.

  • Page 163: Ultra Dma Data Out Commands

    Interface 5.5.4 Ultra DMA data out commands 5.5.4.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically allowed (see 5.6.4.7 and 5.6.4.2 for specific timing requirements): 1) The host shall keep DMACK- in the negated state before an Ultra DMA burst is initiated.

  • Page 164: Pausing An Ultra Dma Data Out Burst

    HSTROBE edge no more frequently than t Mode. The host shall not generate two rising or falling HSTROBE edges more frequently than 2 t 3) The host shall not change the state of DD (15:0) until at least t generating an HSTROBE edge to latch the data. 4) The host shall repeat steps (1), (2) and (3) until the data transfer is complete or an Ultra DMA burst is paused, whichever occurs first.

  • Page 165: Terminating An Ultra Dma Data Out Burst

    Interface 5.5.4.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst a) Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst The following stops shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically allowed (see 5.6.4.10 and 5.6.4.2 for specific timing requirements): 1) The host shall initiate termination of an Ultra DMA burst by not generating HSTROBE edges.
  • Page 166 b) Device terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically allowed (see 5.6.4.11 and 5.6.4.2 for specific timing requirements): 1) The device shall not initiate Ultra DMA burst termination until at least one data word of an Ultra DMA burst has been transferred.

  • Page 167: Ultra Dma Crc Rules

    Interface 13) The host shall neither negate STOP nor HSTROBE until at least t negating DMACK-. 14) The host shall not assert DIOW-, CS0-, CS1-, DA2, DA1, or DA0 until at least t 5.5.5 Ultra DMA CRC rules The following is a list of rules for calculating CRC, determining if a CRC error has occurred during an Ultra DMA burst, and reporting any error that occurs at the end of a command.

  • Page 168: Figure 5.8 An Example Of Generation Of Parallel Crc

    Note: Since no bit clock is available, the recommended approach for calculating CRC is to use a word clock derived from the bus strobe. The combinational logic shall then be equivalent to shifting sixteen bits serially through the generator polynominal where DD0 is shifted in first and DD15 is shifted in last.

  • Page 169: Series Termination Required For Ultra Dma

    Interface 5.5.6 Series termination required for Ultra DMA Series termination resistors are required at both the host and the device for operation in any of the Ultra DMA Modes. The following table describes recommended values for series termination at the host and the device. Table 5.15 Recommended series termination for Ultra DMA Signal DIOR-:HDMARDY-:HSTROBE...

  • Page 170: Timing

    5.6 Timing 5.6.1 PIO data transfer Figure 5.10 shows of the data transfer timing between the device and the host system. C141-E057-01EN 5.6 Timing 5-95...

  • Page 171: Figure 5.10 Data Transfer Timing

    Interface Figure 5.10 Data transfer timing 5-96 C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 172: Single Word Dma Data Transfer

    5.6.2 Single word DMA data transfer Figure 5.9 show the single word DMA data transfer timing between the device and the host system. Figure 5.11 Single word DMA data transfer timing (mode 2) C141-E057-01EN 5.6 Timing 5-97...

  • Page 173: Multiword Dma Data Transfer

    Interface 5.6.3 Multiword DMA data transfer Figure 5.10 shows the multiword DMA data transfer timing between the device and the host system. Delay time from DIOR-/DIOW- assertion to DMARQ negation Figure 5.12 Multiword DMA data transfer timing (mode 2) 5-98 C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 174: Transfer Of Ultra Dma Data

    5.6.4 Transfer of Ultra DMA data Figures 5.13 to 5.22 define the timings concerning every phase for the Ultra DMA Burst. Table 5.13 includes the timing for each Ultra DMA mode. 5.6.4.1 Starting of Ultra DMA data In Burst The timing for each Ultra DMA mode is included in 5.6.4.2. Note : The definitions of STOP, HDMARDY- and DSTROBE signals are valid before the assertion of DMACK signal.

  • Page 175: Ultra Dma Data Burst Timing Requirements

    Interface 5.6.4.2 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements Table 5.16 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements (1 of 2) NAME MODE 0 MODE 1 (in ns) (in ns) 5-100 MODE 2 (in ns) Cycle time (from STROBE edge to STROBE edge) Two cycle time (from rising edge to next rising edge or from falling edge to next falling edge of STROBE)
  • Page 176 Table 5.16 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements (2 of 2) NAME MODE 0 MODE 1 (in ns) (in ns) IORDYZ ZIORDY Notes: 1) t and t indicate sender -to-recipient or recipient-to-sender interlocks, that is, one agent (either sender or recipient) is waiting for the other agent to respond with a signal before proceeding. is an unlimited interlock, that has no maximum time value.

  • Page 177: Sustained Ultra Dma Data In Burst

    Interface 5.6.4.3 Sustained Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: DD (15:0) and DSTROBE are shown at both the host and the device to emphasize that cable setting time as well as cable propagation delay shall not allow the data signals to be considered stable at the host until some time after they are driven by the device.

  • Page 178: Host Pausing An Ultra Dma Data In Burst

    5.6.4.4 Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Notes: 1) The host may assert STOP to request termination of the Ultra DMA burst no sooner than t 2) If the t two more data words from the device.

  • Page 179: Device Terminating An Ultra Dma Data In Burst

    Interface 5.6.4.5 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, HDMARDY- and DSTROBE signal lines are no longer in effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated.

  • Page 180: Host Terminating An Ultra Dma Data In Burst

    5.6.4.6 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, HDMARDY- and DSTROBE signal lines are no longer in effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated.

  • Page 181: Initiating An Ultra Dma Data Out Burst

    Interface 5.6.4.7 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are not in effect until DMARQ and DMACK are asserted. Figure 5.18 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5-106 C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 182: Sustained Ultra Dma Data Out Burst

    5.6.4.8 Sustained Ultra DMA data out burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: DD (15:0) and HSTROBE signals are shown at both the device and the host to emphasize that cable setting time as well as cable propagation delay shall not allow the data signals to be considered stable at the device until some time after they are driven by the host.

  • Page 183: Device Pausing An Ultra Dma Data Out Burst

    Interface 5.6.4.9 Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Notes: 1) The device may negate DMARQ to request termination of the Ultra DMA burst no sooner than t 2) If the t two more data words from the host.

  • Page 184: Host Terminating An Ultra Dma Data Out Burst

    5.6.4.10 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are no longer in effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated.

  • Page 185: Figure 5.22 Device Terminating An Ultra Dma Data Out Burst

    Interface 5.6.4.11 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.4.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are no longer in effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated.

  • Page 186: Power-On And Reset

    5.6.5 Power-on and reset Figure 5.11 shows power-on and reset (hardware and software reset) timing. (1) Only master device is present Power-on Reset RESET – (2) Master and slave devices are present (2-drives configulation) Figure 5.23 Power on Reset Timing C141-E057-01EN PDIAG- negation 5.6 Timing...
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  • Page 188: Chapter 6 Operations

    CHAPTER 6 Operations Device Response to the Reset Address Translation Power Save Defect Management Read-Ahead Cache Write Cache C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 189: Device Response To The Reset

    Operations 6.1 Device Response to the Reset This section describes how the PDIAG- and DASP- signals responds when the power of the IDD is turned on or the IDD receives a reset or diagnostic command. 6.1.1 Response to power-on After the master device (device 0) releases its own power-on reset state, the master device shall check a DASP- signal for up to 450 ms to confirm presence of a slave device (device 1).

  • Page 190: Figure 6.1 Response To Power-On

    6.1 Device Response to the Reset 31 sec. 30 sec. Figure 6.1 Response to power-on C141-E057-01EN...

  • Page 191: Response To Hardware Reset

    Operations 6.1.2 Response to hardware reset Response to RESET- (hardware reset through the interface) is similar to the power-on reset. Upon receipt of hardware reset, the master device checks a DASP- signal for up to 450 ms to confirm presence of a slave device. The master device recognizes the presence of the slave device when it confirms assertion of the DASP- signal.

  • Page 192: Response To Software Reset

    6.1.3 Response to software reset The master device does not check the DASP- signal for a software reset. If a slave device is present, the master device checks the PDIAG- signal for up to 15 seconds to see if the slave device has completed the self-diagnosis successfully. After the slave device receives the software reset, the slave device shall report its presense and the result of the self-diagnostics to the master device as described below:...

  • Page 193: Response To Diagnostic Command

    Operations 6.1.4 Response to diagnostic command When the master device receives an EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command and the slave device is present, the master device checks the PDIAG- signal for up to 6 seconds to see if the slave device has completed the self- diagnosis successfully.

  • Page 194: Address Translation

    (within the specified number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track) in the current translation mode. The host can read an addressable parameter information from the device by the IDENTIFY DEVICE command (Words 54 to 56). C141-E057-02EN MHE2064AT MHE2043AT MHF2043AT 13,424 8,944 6,495.06 4,327.46 4,327.46...

  • Page 195: Logical Address

    Operations 6.2.2 Logical address (1) CHS mode Logical address assignment starts from physical cylinder (PC) 0, physical head (PH) 0, and physical sector (PS) 1 and is assigned by calculating the number of sectors per track that is specified by the INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command.

  • Page 196: Power Save

    (2) LBA mode Logical address assignment in the LBA mode starts from physical cylinder 0, physical head 0, and physical sector 1. If the last sector in a zone of a physical head is used, the track is switched and the next LBA is assigned to the initial sector in the same zone of the subsequent physical head.
  • Page 197 Operations Standby mode Sleep mode The drive moves from the Active mode to the idle mode by itself. Regardless of whether the power down is enabled, the device enters the idle mode. The device also enters the idle mode in the same way after power-on sequence is completed.

  • Page 198: Power Commands

    When one of following commands is issued, the command is executed normally and the device is still stayed in the standby mode. Reset (hardware or software) STANDBY command STANDBY IMMEDIATE command INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command CHECK POWER MODE command (4) Sleep mode The power consumption of the drive is minimal in this mode.

  • Page 199: Spare Area

    Operations 6.4.1 Spare area Following two types of spare area are provided for every physical head. 1) Spare cylinder for sector slip: used for alternating defective sectors at formatting in shipment (4 cylinders) 2) Spare cylinder for alternative assignment: used for automatic alternative assignment at read error occurrence. (4 cylinders) 6.4.2 Alternating defective sectors The two alternating methods described below are available:...

  • Page 200: Figure 6.8 Alternate Cylinder Assignment

    (2) Alternate cylinder assignment A defective sector is assigned to the spare sector in the alternate cylinder. This processing is performed when the alternate assignment is specified in the FORMAT TRACK command or when the automatic alternate processing is performed at read error occurrence. Figure 6.8 shows an example where (physical) sector 5 is detective on head 0 in cylinder 0.

  • Page 201: Read-Ahead Cache

    Operations 6.5 Read-Ahead Cache After read command which involes read data from the disk medium is completed, the read-ahead cache function reads the subsequent data blocks automatically and stores the data to the data buffer. When the next command requests to read the read-ahead data, the data can be transferred from the data buffer without accessing the disk medium.
  • Page 202 READ SECTOR (S) READ MULTIPLE READ DMA When caching operation is disabled by the SET FEATURES command, no caching operation is performed. (2) Data that are object of caching operation Follow data are object of caching operation. 1) Read-ahead data read from the medium to the data buffer after completion of the command that are object of caching operation.

  • Page 203: Usage Of Read Segment

    Operations READ MULTIPLE WRITE SECTOR(S) WRITE MULTIPLE WRITE VERIFY SECTOR(S) 3) Caching operation is inhibited by the SET FEATURES command. 4) Issued command is terminated with an error. 5) Soft reset or hard reset occurs, or power is turned off. 6) The device enters the sleep mode.

  • Page 204: Sequential Read

    2) Transfers the requested data that already read to the host system with reading the requested data from the disk media. Read-requested data 3) After reading the requested data and transferring the requested data to the host system had been completed, the disk drive stops command execution without performing the read-ahead operation.
  • Page 205 Operations 1) At receiving the sequential read command, the disk drive sets the DAP and HAP to the start address of the segment and reads the requested data from the load of the segment. Mis-hit data 2) The disk drive transfers the requested data that is already read to the host system with reading the requested data.
  • Page 206 b. Sequential hit When the previously executed read command is the sequential command and the last sector address of the previous read command is sequential to the lead sector address of the received read command, the disk drive transfers the hit data in the buffer to the host system. The disk drive performs the read-ahead operation of the new continuous data to the empty area that becomes vacant by data transfer at the same time as the disk drive starts transferring data to the host system.

  • Page 207: Full Hit (Hit All)

    Operations 4) Finally, the cache data in the buffer is as follows. Start LBA Non-sequential command immediately after sequential command When a sequential read command (first read) has been executed, the first read operation should be stopped if a non-sequential read command has been received and then, ten or more of the non-sequential read commands have been received.

  • Page 208: Partially Hit

    3) The cache data for next read command is as follows. Start LBA 6.5.3.4 Partially hit A part of requested data including a lead sector are stored in the data buffer. The disk drive starts the data transfer from the address of the hit data corresponding to the lead sector of the requested data, and reads remaining requested data from the disk media directly.

  • Page 209: Write Cache

    Operations 3) The cache data for next read command is as follows. Start LBA 6.6 Write Cache The write cache function of the drive makes a high speed processing in the case that data to be written by a write command is physically sequent the data of previous command and random write operation is performed.
  • Page 210 The drive uses a cache data of the last write command as a read cache data. When a read command is issued to the same address after the write command (cache hit), the read operation to the disk medium is not performed. If an error occurs during the write operation, the device retries the processing.
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  • Page 212: Glossary

    Actuator Head positioning assembly. The actuator consists of a voice coil motor and head arm. If positions the read-write (R-W) head. AT bus A bus between the host CPU and adapter board ATA (AT Attachment) standard The ATA standard is for a PC AT interface regulated to establish compatibility between products manufactured by different vendors.
  • Page 213 Glossary MTBF Mean time between failures. The MTBF is calculated by dividing the total operation time (total power-on time) by the number of failures in the disk drive during operation. MTTR Mean time to repair. The MTTR is the average time required for a service person to diagnose and repair a faulty drive.
  • Page 214 Status The status is a piece of one-byte information posted from the drive to the host when command execution is ended. The status indicates the command termination state. Voice coil motor. The voice coil motor is excited by one or more magnets. In this drive, the VCM is used to position the heads accurately and quickly.
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  • Page 216: Acronyms And Abbreviations

    Acronyms and Abbreviations ABRT Abored command Automatic idle control AMNF Address mark not found AT attachment American wire gage Bad block detected BIOS Basic input-output system CORR Corrected data Cylinder high register Cylinder low register Command register Current sense register Current start/stop Cylinder register dB A-scale weighting...
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  • Page 218 1-drive connection 2-4 2-drive connection 2-5 8/8 GCR 4-10 8/9 GCR decoder 4-13 Acceleration mode 4-21 Acoustic noise 1-7 Acoustic noise specification 1-7 Active mode 6-10 Actuator 2-3, 4-3 Actuator motor control 4-19 Adaptability 1-2 Adaptive equalizer circuit 4-12 ADC 4-17 A/D converter 4-17 Address translation 6-7, 6-8 AGC circuit 4-12...
  • Page 219 Index Data that is object of caching operation 6-15 Data transfer rate 4-13 Data transferring command 5-73, 5-75 Data transfer timing 5-81 DE 2-4 Default parameter 6-7 Defect management 6-11 Device configuration 2-1 Device connection 3-8 Device connector 3-7 Device Control register 5-13 Device/Head register 5-10 Device overview 1-1 Device response to reset 6-2...
  • Page 220 Master 1-3 Master drive setting 3-10 Master password 5-68 Mean time between failures 1-8 Mean time to repair 1-8 Media defect 1-9 Microprocessor unit 4-14 Mis-hit 6-16 Model and product number 1-5 Model name and product number 1-5 Mounting 3-3 Move head to reference cylinder 4-15 MPU 4-14 MTBF 1-8...
  • Page 221 Index SEEK 5-29 Seek operation 4-20 Seek to specified cylinder 4-15 Self-calibration 4-7 Self-calibration content 4-7 Self-diagnosis 1-3 Sensing and compensating for external force Sequential command 6-17 Sequential hit 6-19 Sequential read 6-17 Service area 3-6 Service life 1-9 Servo A 4-19 Servo B 4-19 Servo burst capture 4-17 Servo burst capture circuit 4-17...
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  • Page 223 We would appreciate your comments and suggestions regarding this manual. Manual code C141-E057-02EN Manual name MHE2064AT, MHE2043AT, MHF2043AT, MHF2021AT DISK DRIVE PRODUCT MANUAL Please mark each item: E(Excellent), G(Good), F(Fair), P(Poor). General appearance Technical level Organization Clarity Accuracy Comments & Suggestions List any errors or suggestions for improvement.
  • Page 224 MHE2064/2043AT, MHF2043/2021AT DISK DRIVE PRODUCT MANUAL MHE2064/2043AT, MHF2043/2021AT DISK DRIVE PRODUCT MANUAL C141-E057-02EN C141-E057-02EN...

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