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TRENDnet TW-H6W1IR User Manual

TRENDnet TW-H6W1IR User Manual

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TRENDnet
TW-H6W1IR
ISDN Router
User's Guide
Rev. 01 Nov., 1999
Printed in Taiwan
6TWH6W1IR.01
RECYCLABLE

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  • Page 1 TRENDnet TW-H6W1IR ISDN Router User’s Guide Rev. 01 Nov., 1999 Printed in Taiwan 6TWH6W1IR.01 RECYCLABLE...

  • Page 3: Copyright Statement

    TRENDware, as stipulated by the United States Copyright Act of 1976. Trademarks TRENDnet is a registered trademark of TRENDware. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    ................10 NSTALLATION Ordering Your ISDN Line..................10 The TW-H6W1IR Front Panel................11 The TW-H6W1IR Rear Panel .................12 Telephone Features ....................13 Installation and Initial Configuration..............14 A Warning on Connection Cables ................15 Step 1 - Setting up the Console ................15 Step 2 - Connecting the Console to the Router ............
  • Page 5 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Step 7 - Configuring the LAN Port................22 Step 8 – Plugging in All Devices ................24 .......... 26 ONFIGURATION AND ANAGEMENT Console Program Main Menu ................27 System Information....................28 Interface Configuration ..................30 LAN Sub-menu......................31 ISDN Sub-menu....................... 32 Network Configuration..................35...
  • Page 6 System Timeout..................... 134 RADIUS A ...........135 SING UTHENTICATION Installing a RADIUS Server................135 Configuring the TW-H6W1IR for RADIUS Authentication......135 Adding Users to the RADIUS Database ............137 A - T ...........138 PPENDIX ROUBLESHOOTING Some Common Problems With the TW-H6W1IR..........138 None of the LEDs are on when you power up the router........
  • Page 7 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Can’t PING any station on the LAN ..............139 B - IP C .............141 PPENDIX ONCEPTS IP Addresses ......................141 IP Network Classes ....................142 Subnet Mask ......................143 C – IP P ....145 PPENDIX ROTOCOL AND UMBERS IP Protocol Numbers ...................

  • Page 9: Introduction

    Remote Dial-in Users and making connections to other LANs via Remote Nodes. Distinguishing features of the TW-H6W1IR include support for a full range of networking protocols including TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, also known as IP) and Transparent Bridging.

  • Page 10: Product Features

    Ease of Installation Your TW-H6W1IR is a self-contained unit that is quick and easy to install. Physically, it resembles an external modem; however, it is a combination ISDN router and 10 Mbps Ethernet hub, and it uses twisted-pair Ethernet cables to connect to the host network.
  • Page 11 LAN (Local Area Network) to that remote site. Bandwidth On Demand Your TW-H6W1IR supports bandwidth up to 128 kps over a single ISDN BRI line. It incorporates MLPPP (Multi-Link PPP) to bundle two B channels over a BRI line. In addition, the router dynamically...
  • Page 12 The TW-H6W1IR incorporates Stac data compression and CCP (Compression Control Protocol). Networking Compatibility The TW-H6W1IR is compatible with remote access products from other companies such as Ascend, Cisco, and 3Com. Furthermore, they support Microsoft Windows 95 and Windows NT remote access capability.

  • Page 13: Applications For Your Tw-H6W1Ir

    NAT address mapping can also be used to link two IP domains via a LAN-to-LAN connection. LAN-to-LAN Enterprise Connections The TW-H6W1IR can dial to or answer calls from another remote access router connected to a different LAN. The TW-H6W1IR supports TCP/IP and has the capability to bridge any Ethernet protocol.

  • Page 14: What This Manual Covers

    What This Manual Covers This manual is divided into eleven parts. Chapter One, Introduction, describes many of the technologies implemented in the TW-H6W1IR as well as product features, etc. TW-H6W1IR to operate on your LAN.

  • Page 15: What This Manual Doesn't Cover

    This manual assumes that you know how to use your computer and are familiar with your communications software. If you have questions about using either one, refer to the manual for the product. Other Resources For more information about your TW-H6W1IR check the following sources: Quick Installation Guide. Introduction...

  • Page 16: Packing List

    Packing List Before you proceed further, check all items you received with your TW-H6W1IR against this list to make sure nothing is missing. The complete package should include: One TW-H6W1IR ISDN router.
  • Page 17 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit. After the router has been successfully connected to your network, you can make future changes to the configuration using a Telnet client application. Introduction...

  • Page 18: Installation

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Installation This chapter outlines how to connect your TW-H6W1IR to your LAN and ISDN line. Refer to the diagrams below to identify all of the ports on your device when you make connections. Ordering Your ISDN Line...

  • Page 19: The Tw-H6W1Ir Front Panel

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The TW-H6W1IR Front Panel Names and descriptions of your router’s front panel LEDs are given below: POWER— Comes on as soon as you connect the router to the power adapter and plug the power adapter into a suitable AC outlet.

  • Page 20: The Tw-H6W1Ir Rear Panel

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router PHONE – 1— Lights up when standard phone port 1 is in use. PHONE – 2— Lights up when standard phone port 2 is in use. The TW-H6W1IR Rear Panel POWER — This socket is an 18 volt, 750mA power input jack. If the...

  • Page 21: Telephone Features

    Telephone Features Up to two telephones can be attached to the TW-H6W1IR router via the Phone 1 and Phone 2 telephone jacks located on the rear of the router. The router enables the attached telephones to have a number of features which may or may not be found on normal telephones and are described below.

  • Page 22: Installation And Initial Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router forwarded to the phone number entered. Press #77# to cancel call forwarding. Three-person conference call – To use this feature, conference calling must be enabled by the telephone company. After this is done, pick up a phone and place a call. After connected, press Flash 0 (refer to call waiting in the Interface Configuration –...

  • Page 23: A Warning On Connection Cables

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router For the initial configuration of your TW-H6W1IR, you must use an RS-232 console connection, either to a computer running serial communications software or to a serial data terminal. After the router has been successfully installed and the initial...

  • Page 24: Step 2 - Connecting The Console To The Router

    No flow control Step 2 - Connecting the Console to the Router A serial cable is included in the TW-H6W1IR package. To connect this cable, plug its nine-pin connector into the 9-pin RS-232 Diagnostic port on the router’s rear panel, then connect the other end to the serial port on the rear of your computer or data terminal.

  • Page 25: Step 3 - Connecting An Isdn Line To The Router

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router position the cursor on the sub-menu item and press Enter to view the selected sub-menu. Entering Information. There are two types of fields that you will need to fill in. The first requires you to type in the appropriate information.

  • Page 26: Step 5 - Connecting Ethernet Cables To The Router

    Interface Configuration, ISDN submenu. Step 5 - Connecting Ethernet Cables to the Router Your TW-H6W1IR has six ports for connecting 10BASE-T Ethernet devices to form a LAN. The jacks for ports 1 through 5 are wired to let you connect network end nodes (computers, servers, bridges, other routers, etc.) using standard “straight-through”...
  • Page 27 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The figure below shows how to make an Ethernet connection between the router and a network end node. Important Notes on Ethernet Connections Observe the following rules when connecting devices with twisted-pair Ethernet cables: For both end-node and uplink connections, use only EIA Category 3 or higher-grade twisted-pair data cables with RJ-45 plugs.

  • Page 28: Step 6 - Powering Up Devices For Initial Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router If uplinking more than two hubs together, observe the 5-4-3 rule: no signal, in order to go from one end node to another, must ever pass through more than five twisted-pair cables, four repeaters (that is, hubs), and three uplink cables. This is the maximum signal path in twisted-pair Ethernet.

  • Page 29: Step 7 - Initial Configuration Of The Router

    At this point in the installation process you can now power up the console computer, run the terminal emulation software (if necessary), and then power up the TW-H6W1IR. Step 7 - Initial Configuration of the Router After the console is properly connected and both devices are powered on as described in the preceding sections, you should see the router run through the power on self test (POST).

  • Page 30: Step 7 - Configuring The Lan Port

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router To log on to the router, use the factory set username and password ‘Admin’ (without the quotes). Please note that the user name and password are case-sensitive. Upon entering the username and password (using the <tab> key to jump to the next field), position the cursor on OK and press <Enter>.
  • Page 31 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router 1. The LAN port must be enabled in the Interface Configuration sub-menu. Choose Interface Configuration, LAN. Position the cursor over the State item and press <space bar>. The State will change from Disable to Enable. Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter>...

  • Page 32: Step 8 - Plugging In All Devices

    Choose Exit in the sub-menus to return to the Main Menu. The router can now be accessed via the LAN by Telnet, the Web- based TW-H6W1IR Router Configuration Utility (included with the router) and other SNMP management applications. If you have any questions regarding the settings you made or other settings in the submenus, please refer to the next chapter Configuration and Management.
  • Page 33 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The router is now able to use the LAN ports. The router must be further configured in order to get the built-in ISDN modem to function properly, to perform other routing functions, and to manage your IP network. This can now be done by using the console, the included Web-based Configuration Utility or Telnet.

  • Page 34: Configuration And Management

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Configuration and Management After the initial startup (POST) test, the router will prompt you for login and password. This is the opening page of the router’s out-of-band configuration program, called the Console program. The Console program is stored in the Flash memory chips in the router and the settings are written in EEPROM chips in the router.

  • Page 35: Console Program Main Menu

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Note that once you are in the Main Menu, if there is no activity for more than 5 minutes, the router will automatically log you out. Your first endeavor should be to increase the ‘timeout’ time by adjusting the appropriate value in the System Information sub-menu.

  • Page 36: System Information

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router As mentioned earlier, your first endeavor should be to increase the automatic timeout. Enter the System Information to do this. You will see this screen: System Information This menu contains administrative and system-related information. The above parameters are described as follows: System Description –...
  • Page 37 System MAC Address –the physical address of this router. ISDN Switch Type – the type of ISDN switch used by the telephone company that the TW-H6W1IR can communicate with. The TW-H6W1IR currently supports only the DSS1 switch type. Configuration and Management...

  • Page 38: Interface Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Interface Configuration Under Interface Configuration in the main menu is the following interface configuration screen, used to configure the LAN and ISDN interfaces: Configuration and Management...

  • Page 39: Lan Sub-Menu

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router LAN Sub-menu The parameters are described below: Description – this is a user-defined, 32-character identifier used to name the LAN. Operation Mode – The LAN port is 10BASE-T only. State – this is a toggle, to disable or enable the LAN interface.

  • Page 40: Isdn Sub-Menu

    Description – this is a user-defined, 32-character identifier used to name the ISDN. Switch Type – this parameter defines the type of ISDN service used. Currently, the TW-H6W1IR only supports DSS-1 type ISDN lines. B1 and B2 Channel Usage – this defines whether the ISDN line is a leased line or a normal switched line.
  • Page 41 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router ISDN Data – this field must contain the incoming telephone number for data calls. In other words, it is your ISDN line’s data phone number. A/B Adapter 1 and 2 – enter the telephone numbers for your voice/analog lines.
  • Page 42 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Block Outgoing CLID – When this is enabled, your ISDN data phone number and voice phone numbers will never be sent out when trying to establish a connection. Thus, even if sites being called have Caller ID, they still won’t be able to know your phone number.

  • Page 43: Network Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Network Configuration IP protocol configuration and static routes are configured in the Network Configuration sub-menu. This menu is shown below: IP Stack Configuration The network interface IP address, mask and protocols are specified in the IP Stack Configuration submenus. Below, the submenus for both the LAN and ISDN interfaces are shown.
  • Page 44 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The parameters are described below: IP Address – this is the IP address for the router on the network to which this interface is connected. Netmask – this is a 32-bit bit mask that shows how the IP address is to be divided into network, subnet and host parts.
  • Page 45 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router has ones in the bit positions in the 32-bit address which are to be used for the network and subnet parts, and zeros for the host part. The mask should contain at least the standard network portion (as determined by the address's class), and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network portion.
  • Page 46 LAN. The router can also perform DVMRP if this feature is enabled (see Multicast Protocol below), which allows the TW-H6W1IR to share multicast information with other routers, enabling IP multicasting over the ISDN port. Configuration and...
  • Page 47 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Multicast Protocol – if this parameter is set to None, the router will only use the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), if IP Multicasting is enabled above. This effectively limits multicast data to the local network. If set to DVMRP (Distance Vector...

  • Page 48: Ip Static Route

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router IP Static Route A static route is a permanent entry in the routing table. Static routing provides a means of explicitly defining the next hop router for a particular destination network IP address. Each static route entry also allows for a metric (a.k.a.
  • Page 49 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Hops – this is an associated RIP metric that may have its value set between 1 and 15, inclusive. A metric value higher than 15 (such as 16) means that the network is unreachable. Intf [Interface] – this is the network interface containing the gateway that the packets will be forwarded through.

  • Page 50: Ip Networking

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router branch office router. This configuration assumes there is a modem on ISDN2 maintaining a dial-up connection to the branch office. IP Networking Under the IP Configuration sub-menu, the IP Networking function can toggle to connect/disconnect this router from the entire IP network.

  • Page 51: Snmp Agent Configuration

    SNMP agent, a software process that responds to queries using SNMP to provide status and statistics about the router. Following is a description of how to configure the TW-H6W1IR for SNMP management. From the main menu, select SNMP Agent Configuration. This will bring you to the SNMP Agent Configuration Menu, shown above.

  • Page 52: Snmp Community Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router SNMP Community Configuration Select and Enter the SNMP Community Configuration sub-menu. You will see the following configuration screen: The parameters are described below: SNMP Community String – this community string is a user- defined identifying name used to group together some arbitrary set of SNMP application entities managed by the network manager.

  • Page 53: Snmp Trap Manager

    The parameters are described below: IP Address – enter the IP address of the host who will act as an SNMP Management Station. The TW-H6W1IR router will send SNMP traps to these addresses. SNMP Community String – the community string is a user- defined identifying name used to group together some arbitrary set of SNMP application entities managed by the network manager.

  • Page 54: Snmp Authenticated Trap

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router as the corresponding Community String, in the Management Station’s trap manager software, is the same. State – this validates or invalidates the use of the SNMP Community String, by setting the use of the string to Valid or Invalid.

  • Page 55: Advanced Functions

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Advanced Functions The Advanced Functions menu contains most of the more complex configuration settings and is shown below: Remote Access Configuration The Remote Access Configuration menu is used to set up the router for dial-in and dial-out connections over the ISDN line. An ISDN line has a D channel for establishing connections and two B (Bearer) channels, which transmit and receive the actual signals, whether voice or data.

  • Page 56: Remote Operation Overview

    Remote Operation Overview The TW-H6W1IR is very flexible and can be configured for a variety of remote connections. Since configuring the router can be quite complex - depending on the number and type of remote connection(s) you wish to implement –...

  • Page 57: Remote Network Connections

    Dial-In Network Connections A dial-in network connection is very similar to a dial-in user connection. When the remote router dials into the TW-H6W1IR, the call comes into the D-channel and after answering the phone, the TW-H6W1IR: Identifies the Username and Password using the authentication protocol defined in the Interface Configuration, ISDN submenu.
  • Page 58 Dial-out network connections are much different than dial-in connections. When a packet on the LAN reaches the router, the TW-H6W1IR will: Check its routing table to try to identify where this packet should go. It looks for two variables in the routing table, Gateway address and Interface.
  • Page 59 TW-H6W1IR will not have any record of the web page’s IP address. If no default next hop router is defined, the request will be dropped and the user will get a ‘Destination Unreachable’...
  • Page 60 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router ISP. This feature is commonly called “Dial on Demand”. ISDN interfaces can also be configured here to receive calls from dial in users and other networks, called “Remote Access”. Please note however, that in all cases, after configuring the ISDN Links in the Dial...
  • Page 61 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The items are described as follows: IP Address – is the first IP Address that will be assigned to a dial- in user. Range – is the number of IP Addresses that can be assigned. In the window shown above, dial-in users will be assigned the IP Addresses 170.100.200.1 or 170.100.200.2 (only two are...
  • Page 62 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The parameters are described below: Idle Time – this is the elapsed time (in seconds), of inactivity, that will trigger the router to disconnect this interface. Dial-Out Retry Time – this is the time (in seconds) the router will wait before the next dial attempt.
  • Page 63 Dial-In User Profile The Dial-In User Profile is used to configure the TW-H6W1IR for single users (for example a person working at home) to dial in to the router and gain access to the network. At least one User Profile must be configured for each user who will dial in (in conjunction with Dial Configuration settings).
  • Page 64 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The parameters in the above window are described as follows: Name – the maximum length is 64 characters. This username is for password challenges (authentication). The user dialing in must supply this username in order to be allowed access to the router.

  • Page 65: Remote Network Profile

    Remote Network Profile The Remote Network Profile is used to configure the router for ISDN connections to other networks. In practice, the TW-H6W1IR will either dial-out to or receive incoming calls from another router, the ‘gateway’ to the other network.
  • Page 66 [Out] to the other network, or a connection can be established [Both] ways. When this is set to In, the TW-H6W1IR will only establish a connection with the other network by receiving calls on the ISDN port specified in the Interface field below. Also, the incoming calls will be subject to the Name, Password and Rem CLID fields in the Incoming section below.
  • Page 67 Name – the maximum length is 64 characters. Spaces and punctuation are not usually accepted. This username is for password challenges (authentication) which are automatically handled by the router when dialing out. The TW-H6W1IR will use PAP and CHAP (whichever works) to make the connection.
  • Page 68 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Remote IP Address – this is the IP address that will be assigned to the dial-in network when the IP Address Supply setting below is set to Default. Assigning an IP address to the router dialing in ensures that the IP address does not clash with other IP addresses on your network.

  • Page 69: Dhcp Configuration

    DHCP in one of the two ways shown below: DHCP Server Configuration When acting as a DHCP server, the TW-H6W1IR will manage many of the IP network parameters. The TW-H6W1IR will never assign a broadcast or network IP addresses to hosts, even if such an address is included in the specified range.

  • Page 70: Dynamic Ip Pool

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Dynamic IP Pool The dynamic IP pool screen shown below contains the parameters that the router can set on the hosts. Please note that the Dynamic IP Pool cannot be enabled when the DHCP Agent feature is enabled.

  • Page 71: Static Ip Pool

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router are to be used for the network and subnet parts, and zeros for the host part. Gateway – this specifies the Gateway IP Address that will be assigned to and used by the DHCP clients. Lease Time – this specifies the number of hours a client can lease an IP address, from the dynamically allocated IP pool.

  • Page 72: Dhcp Relay Agent

    Pool configuration, in the previous section. DHCP Relay Agent The DHCP Relay Agent feature allows the TW-H6W1IR to act as a go-between for a remote DHCP server assigning IP addresses to local clients. This can be useful if you wish to have all IP addresses in your company, including those in branch offices, assigned from a DHCP server centrally located at your headquarters, for example.

  • Page 73: Filter Configuration

    DHCP Server IP Address – this is the IP address of the remote DHCP server. When a local computer powers up and sends a DHCP request for an IP address, the TW-H6W1IR will forward the request to the address specified here.

  • Page 74: Configuring A Filter Set

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router internetwork traffic; and you can configure a filter at the data-link layer (a general filter) to provide a protocol independent filter. Good knowledge of network protocols is required to configure a specific filter appropriately. It is important for the router to operate correctly, therefore, necessary packets must be allowed to pass through the filters.

  • Page 75: Filter State Of Interface

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Filter State of Interface – this is used to choose the default, routing decisions for packets, not meeting the criteria for specific filters. Layer 2 Filter – this is a data-link layer (protocol independent) filter. Foreknowledge of the specific protocol, used on the interface (LAN or WANs), is needed to make effective use of this filter.

  • Page 76: Layer 2 Filter

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Each decision on handling packets is described below: 1. Disable – will not apply a filter. 2. Forward – this allows the routing of a packet, even though it has not met the criteria of the corresponding filter.
  • Page 77 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Direction – this defines the direction of the frame relative to the Interface parameter below. State – this is used to choose the routing decision applied to the frame. The three decisions are described: 1. forward – this allows the routing of the frame, if it has met the criteria of the corresponding filter.
  • Page 78 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router IP Filter The IP Filter is specifically an IP protocols filter, allowing you to, among other things, firewall your network, prohibiting specific packets from entering or going out from your network. It is necessary to have good knowledge of IP protocol before effectively configuring this filter.
  • Page 79 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router 2. drop – this drops (doesn’t allow routing for) a specific packet that has met the criteria of the corresponding filter. 3. disable – this does not apply the IP filter. Interface – this applies the filter to a specific interface, LAN or one of the ISDN interfaces.

  • Page 80: Multiple Home Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Operation – this comparison operation is applied to the destination port (the Dst Port parameter) value, of the TCP or UDP header. ICMP Type – this is the type field, in the ICMP header, used to identify a particular ICMP message.
  • Page 81 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router A company has 625 users (computers) all connected to one physical network using Ethernet. However, the company only has one Class C IP network address, 202.100.160.0. This network address will only support 254 users. To solve the shortage of IP address problem and to plan for future growth, the company applies for and receives two more Class C IP network addresses, 203.101.161.0 and 204.102.162.0.

  • Page 82: Static Arp

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router IP Address – this is a network IP address of a separate IP network on the LAN. Routing Protocol – this is the same as in the Network Configuration section. Keep in mind that these exchanges are made with adjacent routers on the LAN, if present.
  • Page 83 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The parameters are described as follows: IP Address – this is the IP address of the host you wish to define a static ARP for. MAC Address – this is the physical address of the host that is the authorized owner of the IP address.

  • Page 84: Nat Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router NAT Configuration Network Address Translation (NAT) is a routing protocol that allows your network to become a private network that is isolated from, yet connected to the Internet. It does this by changing the IP address of...

  • Page 85: How Nat Works

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router NAT can work in conjunction with DHCP. Thus, if both are enabled and properly configured, the DHCP server in the TW-H6W1IR will assign local IP addresses to computers on your network. How NAT Works In the most common NAT configuration, your network uses local IP addresses that are not valid on the Internet.
  • Page 86 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Single Global IP Address 176.220.22.1 ISDN Port Router Translator Port Local IP 192.168.100.1 192.168.100.5 192.168.100.4 192.168.100.3 192.168.100.2 Please note that in the above diagram, the Gateway IP address settings for the local PC’s needs to be set to 192.168.100.1, the LAN IP address of the router.
  • Page 87 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router In the Outgoing Data Packet above, the Source IP address is the IP address that is translated by NAT. The Destination IP Address is the IP address of a computer outside the private network, on the Internet for example.
  • Page 88 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router computer has no knowledge of the internal local network. In fact, the local network is invisible to all computers outside of it, all information about it being stored in the router’s NAT table. And this NAT table can only be affected by computers from inside the local network.
  • Page 89 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router NAT is the initial protocol set forth by RFC 1631 and provides a means in which private networks can communicate with the Internet by using a small number of IP addresses. In our discussion, we will use the example IP addresses listed in the table below and the network diagram shown on page 78.
  • Page 90 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The difference between static and dynamic NAT is that once the five global addresses are manually assigned when using static NAT, they will never change. The only way to change them is by using the console program to manually reassign them.
  • Page 91 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router made. The router translates the IP port number to a unique (global) IP port number that the router generates itself (outside the range of Well- Known IP Port Numbers that are used for other network protocols such as html, telnet, etc.).

  • Page 92: Setting Local Ip Addresses

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router CUSeeMe and Diablo) require specific port number translations, access to a range of port numbers, or no port number translation at all. The router can be configured for these types of applications using the Configure NAPT for Special Ap[plication]s submenu which is further described below.
  • Page 93 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Configure NAT/NAPT The first screen shows the complete NAT table that is defined by the network manager: For any NAT entry, you must configure two different screens. The first one is accessible by positioning the cursor over the name field and...
  • Page 94 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router hitting ENTER (in the window shown above, this corresponds to the field ‘Branch1’). After configuring the NAT options in the Name field, you must save the changes, EXIT, and position the cursor over the NAT IP Pool to configure variables there.
  • Page 95 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Local Interface – this is the interface corresponding to the Local IP and Range parameters, in the NAT table, to form local IP address[es], known only to this interface and the network within. Translation Mode – this toggles choices of four types of NATs.

  • Page 96: Dynamic Nat

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router State – enables/disables this NAT configuration. NAT IP Pool Configuration Screen Now you must select, enter, and configure the NAT IP Pool from the NAT Configuration sub-menu, shown below. Dynamic NAT This screen (below) is how the NAT IP Pool appears, if Dynamic NAT was chosen for the Translation Mode parameter.

  • Page 97: Dynamic Napt

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router will be recognized by the interface in the Global Interface parameter. Range – this is the range of contiguous, global addresses above (and including) the base Global IP. Local IP – an IP Address that is only used in the stub domain since it is not unique.

  • Page 98: Static Nat

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router All of the parameters are the same as in Dynamic NAT, except the Global IP is a solitary, global address. Global IP – this is a single, globally unique IP Address of the global interface (the interface to which it is assigned, in this case, one of the ISDN interfaces) that is valid on the Internet.

  • Page 99: Static Napt

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The parameters are described as follows: Global IP – this is a single, global IP Address that is valid on the Internet, or on the same subnet of the global interface. Local IP – this is a single, local IP Address that is not valid on the Internet.

  • Page 100: Configure Napt For Special Ap[Plication]S

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Port – this is a destination port number used by TCP and UDP to de-multiplex incoming IP packets. In the above example, incoming packets with the global destination IP Address (211.11.22.3) and global destination TCP/UDP port (21) will be translated to a packet with the local destination IP Address (1.1.1.5)
  • Page 101 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router over the Internet and you are using NAPT, you may need to exempt certain port numbers from the NAPT port translation process. Please refer to the user guide for the program to find out whether it transmits and receives data only through specified IP port numbers.
  • Page 102 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The fields in the above window are described as follows: Protocol – [UDP] or [TCP]. This field designates the type of packets that will be acted on. Start Port – Some applications can only send data over a certain range of port numbers.

  • Page 103: Telnet/Discovery Enable

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router In the example for the game Diablo shown in the above screen, if a packet is sent out on the TCP port number 6112 (a request by a local user to a Diablo server on the Internet to join a group game), all incoming packets on the UDP port 6112 (game data) will not be translated by NAPT.

  • Page 104: Dns Configuration

    Windows-based configuration software called RouteMan. DNS Configuration The TW-H6W1IR router has a built in recursive DNS server. The maximum amount of memory that will be used by the router’s Domain Name Server is 64Kb which averages out to be about 800 entries. In...

  • Page 105: Host Table

    DNS Configuration submenu above (in this case, trendware.com) to produce ALL1.trendware.com. The mapping in the example of ALL1.trendware.com to the IP Address of 11.1.1.3 is only valid for computers which set the TW-H6W1IR router as their DNS server. Configuration and Management...

  • Page 106: Radius Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Items are described as follows: IP – The IP address for the host. Host Name – the host name used by the host. State – Enables/disables entry. Radius Configuration Radius is an authentication protocol where passwords are stored on a Radius server.
  • Page 107 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Items in the above submenu are described as follows: RADIUS State – enables/disables Radius. When enabled, all settings in the Dial-in User Profile are disabled. Type – refers to the type of external password protocol. Currently, only Radius is supported.

  • Page 108: Ppp Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router will be passed on to the Radius server. Remote networks (routers) dialing into the router will still be authenticated using the remote network profile. PPP Configuration Multi-Link PPP (MLPPP) Multi-link PPP (MLPPP) is a standard (RFC 1990 and RFC 1717) for inverse multiplexing, a method of combining individually dialed channels into a single, higher speed data stream.
  • Page 109 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Before implementing MLPPP on the TW-H6W1IR, please ensure that your ISP or the device to which you are connecting supports, and is configured for MLPPP. MLPPP can be implemented in two ways, dynamically through the use of the Bandwidth on Demand (BOD), and statically.
  • Page 110 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Items in the Multi-Link PPP Configuration window are described as follows: Bandwidth on Demand – Enables/disables BOD. When enabled, BOD will manage the implementation of MLPPP using the parameters defined in this window. BOD Criteria – Either [TX], [RX] or [TX+RX], where TX is Transmit and RX is Receive.
  • Page 111 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router BOD Low Threshold (%) – (0 to 100) The throughput value as a percentage of total bandwidth which will cause the highest numbered ISDN port in the MLPPP bundle to hang up, thus subtracting bandwidth from the connection. Before actually hanging up however, the throughput must be below this value for the time designated in the Subtract Bandwidth Delay field.
  • Page 112 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router seconds, ISDN 2 will hang up and all traffic will be handled by ISDN For the above configuration to work, both ISDN ports need to have been properly setup to establish dial-out PPP connections, and have Multi-Link enabled.
  • Page 113 Individual ISDN ports can be set to join the MLPPP bundle by enabling Multi-Link on each port. When enabled, the port will join the MLPPP bundle. Please note that the TW-H6W1IR contains only one MLPPP bundle. All ports taking part in MLPPP, even the first or primary port which initially establishes the connection, must have Multi- Link enabled.

  • Page 114: Admin[Istration] Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Admin[istration] Configuration This feature allows you to define two names and passwords used to login to the router for configuration and management, and is shown below: Please note any changes made here as they are necessary for logging into the console program.

  • Page 115: System Maintenance

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router System Maintenance Your console program includes many useful tools for maintaining your device. These tools include updates on system status, upgrades to the system software, analysis, diagnostic tools and more. This section will describe how to use these tools in greater detail.

  • Page 116: Statistics

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Statistics Under the Statistics submenu, the routing table and routing statistics for each interface are displayed. Routing Table The Routing Table gives you a snapshot of the IP routing table. Table entries will expire after the Age value in the table counts down to zero seconds (except for entries for the router itself which have an age value of zero but will never expire).
  • Page 117 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router IP Address – this is the destination, network IP address from an incoming packet. Netmask – this mask is received from RIP exchanges and internal calculations, as the router learns. Gateway – this is the next-hop router for which the packet, with destination IP Address and qualifying Netmask, will be forwarded.
  • Page 118 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Counter This feature displays some of the counters contained in MIBII and the proprietary MIB. The table is updated every 5 seconds, and the counter table can be reset by performing a system reset on the router.
  • Page 119 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router ? ? Tx Collision Packets – the number of packets sent out of the router that collided on the line. Some collisions are inevitable due to the shared nature of Ethernet. Excessive collisions show excessive utilization of the network.
  • Page 120 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router ? ? Rx FAE Packets – Frame Alignment Error. The number of packets received that does not end on a byte boundary and the CRC does not match. ? ? Rx Overrun Packets – the number of packets received that exceed the 1518 octet maximum length imposed on Ethernet packets.
  • Page 121 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router ? ? Tx Packets – the total number of valid packets transmitted by the router since the last reset. ? ? Tx Bytes – the total number of bytes transmitted by the router. ? ? Tx Discard Packets – the number of packets dropped by the router.

  • Page 122: Log And Trace

    These items are to help TRENDNET technical support personnel identify problems that may be affecting your router. If problems occur with your router, TRENDNET technical support personnel will guide you through the use of these features.
  • Page 123 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Event/Error Log Log Configuration This option allows you to enable/disable the Event/Error log and begin recording events. View Log File This displays the Event/Error Log file shown below: The parameters are described as follows: Code – A special code for categorizing events. Some codes include:...

  • Page 124: Trace Buffer

    Time – Tick-times denoting when events occurred. Data – Data that helps technical support personnel evaluate the event. Trace Buffer This feature captures packets in a buffer to help TRENDNET technical support personnel identify problems with your router. Trace Buffer Configuration Enables/disables the Trace buffer feature.

  • Page 125: Diagnostic

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The contents are described as follows: Interface – This is the interface from which the packets were captured. Time – in clock ticks. The time the packet was captured. Data – the contents of the header of the packet.

  • Page 126: Connection Test

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Connection Test This feature tests a dial-out ISDN connection. Interface – The ISDN B-channel to be tested. Configuration and Management...

  • Page 127: Ping Test

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Phone Number – The phone number that will be dialed by the ISDN Interface. Please ensure that a modem answers the phone on the other end. Connection Test – Position the cursor over this item and press <Enter>...

  • Page 128: Loopback Test

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router IP Address – This is the IP Address of the device that the router will attempt to reach. The router will check it routing table and try to locate the IP Address. Count – The number of pings (packets) that will be sent. A value of 0 will cause pings to be sent continuously.

  • Page 129: System Lan Test

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Phone Number – Enter your own phone number here to establish a connection between your ISDN B1 and B2 channels. Packet Length – [1 to 1500 bytes]. This field allows you to define different sized data packets to test the ISDN line.

  • Page 130: System Isdn Test

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router System ISDN Test This test diagnoses the ISDN ports. It can only be run if the ISDN port is disabled in the Interface Configuration submenu. Configuration and Management...

  • Page 131: Software Update

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Software Update New routing software can be downloaded from a TFTP server. All configuration settings will be retained through the software update process. If you do not have a TFTP server on your LAN, you can use RouteMan, the included Router Configuration Utility.

  • Page 132: System Restart

    Software Update submenu. The file defined here can be used as a backup for all the router settings and can be used to configure another TW-H6W1IR with exactly the same settings, or as a backup before you make major changes to the configuration.
  • Page 133 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Items in the window are described below: Remote IP Address – this is the IP address of the TFTP server on which you wish to store the settings file. TFTP Time Interval – the time between requests to occupy TFTP server time.

  • Page 134: Prom System Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router PROM System Configuration The PROM program is run before the normal console (runtime) configuration program in the router’s Flash Memory. Thus, the PROM System Configuration can be used if there are problems with the router’s console program.

  • Page 135: System Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router System Configuration The parameters are described as follows: ? ? Hardware Revision – this is the version ID of hardware used in this router. ? ? Boot PROM Firmware Version – this is the version ID of firmware used in this router.

  • Page 136: Tcp/Ip Parameters Configuration

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router TCP/IP Parameters Configuration The parameters are described as follows: Interface – the LAN interface must use Ethernet/Fast Ethernet and is displayed here. This setting cannot be adjusted. IP Address – this is the router’s IP Address for the LAN interface.

  • Page 137: System Reset

    TFTP server IP Address and the routers own IP Address. System Reset The system reset function enables you to reset the TW-H6W1IR without powering off. Some settings changes require a system reset in order for them to take effect.
  • Page 138 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Items listed in the above menu are described as follows: Software Update Control – this enables/disables the software update process. Software Update Mode – this specifies downloading the image file from a Network server on the local LAN.
  • Page 139 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Boot Server IP Address – this specifies the IP address of the server to be used to download the image file. Boot File Name – this specifies a complete path and filename on the TFTP server. If you choose to use a configuration file, this setting must show the path and filename to the configuration file.

  • Page 140: Eeprom Factory Reset

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router EEPROM Factory Reset Performing a factory reset erases all settings and tables. All configuration changes ever made to the router will be deleted. The router will be set to the factory defaults it was shipped with and will no longer have an IP address.

  • Page 141: Using Telnet

    Telnet. Telnet Configuration In order to use telnet, the TW-H6W1IR router must first be configured using a console connected to the RS-232 Diagnostic port. Depending on the placement of the management station using telnet, the initial...

  • Page 142: Using Telnet Via Isdn

    Interface Configuration – ISDN Sub-menu section of this manual. System Timeout When you are connected to your TW-H6W1IR via Telnet, there is a system timeout (in the System Information sub-menu), adjustable to a maximum of 90 minutes. If you are logged onto the device and leave it inactive for this timeout period, the router will automatically disconnect you.

  • Page 143: Using Radius Authentication

    Configuring the TW-H6W1IR for RADIUS Authentication To configure the TW-H6W1IR to use the RADIUS server set up in the previous section, go to the Main Menu in the console program and choose Advanced Functions and then RADIUS Configuration. Using RADIUS Authentication...
  • Page 144 Port – the port number for the Radius server. The standard port number specified by RFC 1700 is 1812 (shown above). Key – this is a shared secret used to identify the TW-H6W1IR as a valid Radius client. The Key password should be stored in the client file in the RADIUS server’s /etc/raddb directory.

  • Page 145: Adding Users To The Radius Database

    ALL_customer should be added to the client file. The Client Name field in the file gives the IP address of the TW-H6W1IR, and the Key field should be the same as the Key field in the Radius Configuration submenu. After a RADIUS server has been configured, the TW-H6W1IR will use it to authenticate all users instead of checking it’s internal Dial-Up...

  • Page 146: Appendixa - Troubleshooting

    In this case you should contact technical support. Connecting the RS-232 cable, cannot access the console program Check to see if the TW-H6W1IR is connected to your computer’s serial port. Check to see if the communications program is configured correctly.

  • Page 147: Problems With The Isdn Line

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Problems With the ISDN Line If you are having problems making a connection through the ISDN line, try performing a Loopback Test (in the console program choose System Maintenance, Diagnostic, Loopback Test). If the loopback test succeeds then your physical connection to your phone company is ok and the problem probably lies in your ISDN settings (located in the console program under Interface Configuration, ISDN).
  • Page 148 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router 6. Check to make sure the wires in the cable are attached to the appropriate pins in the RJ-45 connector Appendix A - Troubleshooting...

  • Page 149: Appendixb - Ip Concepts

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Appendix B - IP Concepts This appendix describes some basic IP concepts, the TCP/IP addressing scheme and show how to assign IP Addresses. When setting up the router, you must make sure all ports to be utilized on the router have valid IP addresses.

  • Page 150: Ip Network Classes

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Networks attached to the Internet are assigned class types that determine the maximum number of possible hosts per network. The previous figure illustrates how the net and host portions of the IP address differ among the three classes. Class A is assigned to networks that have more than 65,535 hosts;...

  • Page 151: Subnet Mask

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router The value(s) in the host portion of a physical device's IP address can be in the range of 0 through 255 as long as this portion is not all-0 or all-255. Values outside the range of 0 to 255 can never appear in an IP address (0 to 255 is the full range of integer values that can be expressed with eight bits).
  • Page 152 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router IP Class Subnet Mask Class A 255.0.0.0 Class B 255.255.0.0 Class C 255.255.255.0 Subnet mask settings other than those listed above add significance to the interpretation of bits in the IP address. The bits of the subnet mask correspond directly to the bits of the IP address.

  • Page 153: Appendixc - Ip Protocol And Port Numbers

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Appendix C – IP Protocol and Port Numbers Common Internet service protocols and IP port numbers. IP Protocol Numbers Protocol # Protocol Name Description ICMP Internet Control Message [RFC792] IGMP Internet Group Management [RFC1112] Transmission Control [RFC793]...
  • Page 154 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router SNMP Trap Appendix C – IP Protocol and Port Numbers...

  • Page 155: Appendixd - Technical Specifications

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Appendix D - Technical Specifications General Ports Number of Ports: 6 Ethernet ports RJ-45 2 Analog phone ports RJ-11 1 Console port DB-9 RS-232 DCE LED Readout Power Test ISDN Link, B1, B2 Ethernet Col, Link/Act - Uplink, 1,2,3,4,5,...
  • Page 156 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router 1 ISDN BRI port: 64Kbps B channel x 2 16Kbps D channel x 1 ISDN network Compatibility Europe and Asia: Supports DGT switches, and Siemens EWSD switches DSS1, EuroISDN and Taiwan Data Compression Hi/fn LZS (Stac)

  • Page 157: Appendixe - Country Id Numbers

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Appendix E – Country ID Numbers Please refer to the list below for country ID numbers used to configure the ISDN interface of the router. 00 : INTERNATIONAL 30 : Thiland 01 : TAIWAN 31 : Turkey...

  • Page 158: Appendixf - Configuration File

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router Appendix F – Configuration File The router can be configured when performing a Software Update through a configuration file. The configuration file can hold many settings for the router including IP Addresses for all ports, path to the boot server, and various port settings.

  • Page 159: Configuration File Example

    Configuration File Example # The system configuration file for TRENDNET T W-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Access Router # TW-H6W1IR runtime image file name (software update path and file name) h6w1r-image d:\project\twh6w\runtime\image\h6wrun\h6wrun.hdr # sysname (string name)
  • Page 160 TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router # routing protocol type (0:RIPv1, 1:RIPv2, 2:RIPv1&2) routing-type 2 # routing operating mode (0:None, 1:Listen, 2:Talk, 3:Both) operating-mode 1 # ip routing stat (enable/disable) ip-stat enable # interface description (string name) isdn-port ISDN DSS1 Interface # interface switch type (0:DSS1)

  • Page 161: Index

    TW-H6W1IR ISDN Remote Router # routing operating mode (0:None, 1:Listen, 2:Talk, 3:Both) operating-mode 2 # ip routing stat (enable/disable) ip-stat disable Index Boot Server IP Address ....128 BootP&TFTP ........128 Bridging..........1, 3 A/B Adapter........1 Access Right ........44 Admin[istration] Configuration.. 105 Advanced Functions .....
  • Page 162 Data ..........116 fax calls ..........47 default gateway ......55 Filter Configuration ......65 default login ........26 Filter State of Interface....67 default next hop router....50 filters ..........84 DHCP..........61 firewall ........76, 79 Diablo ..........83 Flash memory ........26 Diagnostic ........116 Forward DNS queries to..95, 96 Diagnostic port ......
  • Page 163 IP Network Classes ...... 140 MAC Address ......64, 75 IP Networking ......... 42 Main Menu........27 IP Port Numbers...... 83, 143 Management........26 IP Protocol........143 Mask..........69 IP Protocol Numbers ....143 Menus IP STACK ........37 1 (General Setup)......28 IP Stack Configuration....35 Main ..........27 IP Static Route ........
  • Page 164 Point-to-Point Protocol/Multilink routing table ........50 Protocol...... See PPP/MP Routing Table........107 Port......91, 98, 115, 134 RS-232.....3, 15, 20, 131, 136 port numbers ........83 Port Numbers ........ 143 Interface......... 116 SAVE..........129 POST ........26, 124 security.........76, 79, 84 POTS ..........1 Send BootP request.....126 PPP Configuration......
  • Page 165 System Location......28 Time..........115 System MAC Address....29 Timeout..........29 System Maintenance ....106 Trace Buffer........115 System Name ........28 Translation Mode ......87 System Object ID ......28 Transparent Bridging.. See Bridging System Reset......127, 129 System Restart ...... 121, 122 System Status .......

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