Texas Instruments 2 Series Manual

High accuracy battery monitor and protector for li-ion, li-polymer, lifepo4 lfp, and lto battery packs
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BQ76905 2-Series to 5-Series High Accuracy Battery Monitor and Protector for Li-Ion,
Li-Polymer, LiFePO
1 Features
Battery monitoring capability for 2-series to 5-
series cells
Integrated low-side drivers for NFET protection
with optional autonomous recovery
Extensive protection suite including voltage,
temperature, current, and internal diagnostics
16-bit delta-sigma voltage ADC
– High-accuracy cell voltage measurement of 4
mV (typical)
A dedicated simultaneous 16- and 24-bit delta-
sigma coulomb counter ADC
– High-accuracy current measurement with low
input offset error
– Wide-range current applications (±200-mV
measurement range across sense resistor)
– 48-bit accumulated charge integrator with timer
Host-controlled cell balancing
Multiple power modes (typical battery pack
operating range conditions)
– NORMAL mode: 32 μA to 175 μA
– SLEEP mode: 6 μA
– DEEPSLEEP mode: 2.7 μA
– SHUTDOWN Mode: <1 μA
High voltage tolerance of 45 V on cell connect and
select additional pins
Support for temperature sensing using an internal
sensor and external thermistor
Integrated one-time-programmable (OTP) memory
for device settings, programmed by TI
2
400-kHz I
C serial communications with optional
CRC support
Programmable LDO for external system usage
20-pin QFN (RGR) package
2 Applications
Cordless power tools and garden tools
Vacuum cleaners
Non-military drones
Other industrial battery pack (2 series to 5 series)
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
(LFP), and LTO Battery Packs
4
3 Description
The Texas Instruments BQ76905 provides a
highly integrated, high-accuracy battery monitor and
protector for 2-series to 5-series Li-ion, Li-polymer,
LiFePO
(LFP), and LTO battery packs. Each device
4
includes a high-accuracy monitoring system, a highly
configurable protection subsystem, and support for
host-controlled cell balancing. Integration includes
low-side protection NFET drivers, a programmable
LDO for external system use, and an I
communication interface supporting up to 400-kHz
operation with optional CRC. The BQ76905 is
available in a 20-pin QFN package.
PART NUMBER
BQ76905
(1)
See the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet.
+
+
VC3A
VC3B
+
VC2
+
VC1
+
VC0
Figure 3-1. Simplified Schematic
SLUSE97 – NOVEMBER 2023
2
C host
Device Information
(1)
PACKAGE
PACKAGE SIZE (NOM)
3.5 mm × 3.5 mm × 0.9
RGR (20-pin QFN)
mm, 0.5-mm pitch
VDD
REGOUT
INTP
ALERT
SDA
SDA
SCL
SCL
VSS
TS
BQ76905
PACK+
MCU
GND
PACK-

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Summary of Contents for Texas Instruments 2 Series

  • Page 1 • Non-military drones • Other industrial battery pack (2 series to 5 series) An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    9.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution........54 7.4.5 Multiplexer............Glossary..............54 7.4.6 LDOs..............10 Revision History............7.4.7 Standalone Versus Host Interface......29 11 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable 7.4.8 ALERT Pin Operation.........30 Information..............Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 3 I/OA Thermistor or general-purpose ADC input and functions as wakeup from SHUTDOWN NMOS Discharge FET drive output pin NMOS Charge FET drive output pin — Device ground Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 4 Sense voltage input pin for the fourth cell from the bottom of the stack, and balance VC4B current input for the fourth cell from the bottom of the stack Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 5: Description

    JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 6 Ω (BAT pin) External supply filter capacitance µF (BAT pin) Sense resistor filter resistance Ω filt REGSRC capacitance µF REGSRC External thermistor nominal kΩ resistance at 25°C Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 7: Recommended Operating

    SCL, SDA 1.23 Low-level input SCL, SDA 0.53 ALERT, SCL, SDA, V ≥ 3 V, I Output voltage low mA, 10-pF load Input capacitance ALERT, SCL, SDA Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 8: Regout Ldo

    1.1955 1.1962 1.1969 (REF1) = –40°C to 110°C Internal reference voltage drift ±29 PPM/°C (REF1DRIFT) VOLTAGE REFERENCE 2 Internal reference voltage = 25°C 1.226 1.227 1.229 (REF2) Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 9 – V 15.5 bits (CC1_RSL) at 25℃. CC2 Current Measurement Digital Filter Single conversion, in NORMAL mode, Conversion-time in slow mode Settings:Configuration:Power 2.93 (CM_CONV) Config[IADCSPEED] = 0x0 Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 10: Coulomb Counter Digital

    Wakeup voltage threshold (V – = –20°C to 65°C. Measured using ), setting = 2, positive threshold µV WAKE_THR averaged data to remove effects of noise (charging current) Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 11 – = –40°C to 110°C. Measured using ), setting = 10, positive threshold 4261 4986 5654 µV WAKE_THR averaged data to remove effects of noise. (charging current) Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 12 – = -40°C to 110°C. Measured using ), setting = 8, negative threshold -4599 -4033 -3420 µV WAKE_THR averaged data to remove effects of noise (discharging current) Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 13 Raw gain of ADC cell range 1.0 V to 5.0 V, differential cell input voltage measurement 5458 5479 5502 LSB/V (ADC_CELL_RAW) mode on VC5 - VC4A, uncalibrated, using raw ADC codes. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 14: Analog-To-Digital

    110°C, 1 ≤ x ≤ 5 –0.2 V < V < 5.5 V, T = -40°C VC(x) VC(x-1) -12.1 11.8 to 110°C, 1 ≤ x ≤ 5 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 15: Cell Balancing

    The internal pullup resistance includes only the resistance between the REG18 internal LDO and the point where the voltage is sensed by the ADC. Specified by characterization Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 16: Hardware Overtemperature

    CHG enabled and pin held at 8 V, V REGSRC (CHG_ON) output current 12 V DSG FET driver DSG enabled and pin held at 8 V, V REGSRC 1.56 (DSG_ON) output current 12 V Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 17: Charge And Discharge Fet

    Short circuit in discharge voltage (SCD_ACC) threshold detection accuracy % of –40 mV setting –14 nominal threshold % of Settings –60 mV to -500 mV –11 nominal threshold Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 18: Comparator-Based Protection

    Settings -20 mV to -56 mV –2.84 1.59 Overcurrent (OCD1, OCD2) detection (OCD_ACC) voltage threshold accuracy Settings -58 mV to -100 mV -2.15 2.58 Settings -102 mV to -200 mV -2,86 4,19 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 19: Timing Requirements-I

    Setup time STOP condition µs SU:STO Bus free time STOP to START µs Bus interface is reset if SCL is detected C bus reset low for this duration Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 20: Timing Requirements-I

    PULLUP Specified by design 6.22 Timing Diagram HD;STA HD;STA SU;STA SU;STO HIGH SU;DAT HD;DAT STOP START START REPEATED START Figure 6-1. I C Communications Interface Timing Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 21: Typical Characteristics

    Figure 6-6. Cell Voltage Measurement Error vs. Figure 6-7. Cell Voltage Measurement Error vs. Temperature with Cell Voltage = 2.0 V Temperature with Cell Voltage = 2.5 V Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 22 1.1955 1.226 VREF1 VREF2 1.195 1.225 Temperature (°C) Figure 6-14. Current Linearity Error vs. Sense Figure 6-15. Internal Voltage References vs. Resistor Voltage Temperature (VREF1 and VREF2) Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 23 -160 -200 Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Figure 6-21. Overcurrent in Charge Protection Figure 6-20. Overcurrent in Discharge Protection 1 (OCC) Threshold vs. Temperature (OCD1) Threshold vs. Temperature Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 24 REGOUT voltage to its target 3.3 Figure 6-27. Supply Current in SLEEP Mode vs. Temperature Figure 6-26. Supply Current in NORMAL Mode vs. Temperature Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 25 REGSRC current, REGSRC=6V, REGOUT=3.3V -0.1 Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Figure 6-29. Supply Current in SHUTDOWN Mode Figure 6-28. Supply Current in DEEPSLEEP Mode vs. Temperature vs. Temperature Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 26: Detailed Description

    CHG / DSG Drivers Internal LDO ALERT Digital VC4A Core VC4B VC3A ¤ VC3B Coulomb Registers Counter OCD1 Trim & OCD2 n gs ¡ Figure 7-1. BQ76905 Block Diagram Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 27: Device Configuration

    The effective resolution (defined as the resolution such that the data exhibits 1-sigma variation with ±1-LSB) of the ADC conversions changes as the decimation rate changes, with effective resolution increasing as the output rate is reduced. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links:...
  • Page 28: Coulomb Counter And Digital Filters

    CHG driver can also implement continual switching in PWM mode. If a charger is attached with voltage significantly above the pack voltage, then the CHG FET gate voltage is generally driven Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 29: Voltage References

    Alternatively, the device can be configured for manual host control, such that the device can monitor and provide a flag when Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 30: Alert Pin

    The CRC for subsequent data bytes is calculated over the data byte only. The CRC polynomial is x + x + 1, and the initial value is 0. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 31: Submit Document Feedback

    The CRC for subsequent data bytes is calculated over the data byte only. The CRC polynomial is x + x + 1, and the initial value is 0. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 32 1.8 V LDO voltage, and the VSS rail (for diagnostic purposes). The BQ76905 device supports measurement of individual differential cell voltages in a series configuration, ranging from 2 series cells to 5 series cells. Each cell voltage measurement is a differential measurement of the voltage between two adjacent cell input pins, such as VC1-VC0, VC2-VC1, and so forth.
  • Page 33 The CC2 digital filter generates a 24-bit raw output and has programmable timing and resolution output, with the output rate also affecting the resolution of the conversion. The effective resolution (defined as Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 34: Internal Temperature Measurement

    The BQ76905 device includes factory trim for the cell voltage ADC measurements, the stack measurement, the internal die temperature measurement, and the current measurements, in order to optimize the measurement Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 35: Protection Subsystem

    ALERT pin whenever the debounced version of this flag changes state, based on device settings. This flag can be used by the system to assist in recovery from a current fault condition. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 36: Diagnostic Checks

    This measurement can be used by the host to compare with the sum of the individual differential cell voltage measurements, with a significant difference possibly indicating some type of malfunction. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 37: Cell Balancing

    Battery protections are enabled, and the FET drivers are typically enabled (in the absence of any protection fault). Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links:...
  • Page 38: Normal Mode

    SLEEP mode is a reduced functionality state that can be optionally used to reduce power dissipation when there is little or no system load current or charging in progress, but still provides voltage at the battery pack terminals Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 39: Deepsleep Mode

    When the device is wakened from SHUTDOWN, it requires approximately 10 ms for the internal circuitry to power up, load settings from OTP memory, perform initial measurements, evaluate those relative to enabled protections, and then enable FETs if conditions and settings allow. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links:...
  • Page 40: Config_Update Mode

    CONFIG_UPDATE mode, at which point the device restarts normal operation using the new data memory settings. For more information, see the BQ76905 Technical Reference Manual. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 41: Application And Implementation

    VSS. However, it is important to not use too large of a value of capacitor, because this affects the settling time when the thermistor is Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 42 Figure 8-1. BQ76905 5-Series Cell Typical Implementation (Simplified Schematic) A full schematic of a basic monitor circuit based on the BQ76905 for a 5-series battery pack is shown below. Figure 8-9 shows the board layout. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 43 1,2,3 1,2,3 TP 25 0.001 PACK- 0.1uF 0.1uF TP26 TP27 VS S VS S TP28 TP29 VS S VS S Figure 8-2. BQ76905 5-Series Cell Schematic Diagram—Monitor Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 44: Design Requirements

    UV protection recovery hysteresis 100 mV SCD protection threshold 80 mV (corresponding to a nominal 80 A, based on a 1-mΩ sense resistor) SCD protection delay 45 ~ 60 µs Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 45: Detailed Design Procedure

    Considering a short circuit discharge current of 80 A, the recommended maximum SRP, SRN voltage of ≈0.75 V, and the maximum SCD threshold of 500 mV, the sense resistor should be below 500 mV / 80 A= 6.25 mΩ maximum. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links:...
  • Page 46: Application Performance Plot

    PCB can be random in time, they do not need to be controlled in a certain sequence. Before cells are attached, short pins VC3A and VC3B together, and short pins VC4A and VC4B together on the PCB. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 47: Startup Timing

    [SSADCSPEED1:0] = 0x0 Measured with the OTP programmed to autonomously FETs enabled (5 series) enable FETs. [CVADCSPEED1:0] 8.6 ms = 0x0, [IADCSPEED1:0] = 0x0, [SSADCSPEED1:0] = 0x0 Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 48: Fet Driver Turn-Off

    Oscilloscope captures of CHG and DSG driver turn-off are shown below, with the pins driving the gates of CSD18532Q5B NFETs, which have a typical C of 3900 pF. Figure 8-6 shows the signals when using a 1.35-kΩ Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 49 PACK+ and PACK–. A slower turn-off case is shown in Figure 8-7, using a 4.5-kΩ series gate resistor, and a 2A load between PACK+ and PACK–. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 50 Figure 8-7. A Slower Turn-Off Case Using a 4.5-kΩ Series Gate Resistor A fast turn-off case is shown in Figure 8-8, in which a 100-Ω series gate resistor is used between the DSG pin and the FET gate. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 51: Power Supply Recommendations

    A series resistor and capacitor is included to lowpass filter fast variations on the stack voltage. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 52: Layout Guidelines

    The board layout, which is shown in Figure 8-9 Figure 8-10, includes spark gaps with the reference designator prefix E. These spark gaps are fabricated with the board and no component is installed. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 53 BQ76905 www.ti.com SLUSE97 – NOVEMBER 2023 Figure 8-9. BQ76905 Two-Layer Board Layout–Top Layer Figure 8-10. BQ76905 Two-Layer Board Layout–Bottom Layer Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76905...
  • Page 54: Glossary

    All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 9.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
  • Page 55: Mechanical, Packaging, And Orderable Information

    This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 56 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 14-Dec-2023 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status Package Type Package Pins Package Eco Plan Lead finish/ MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) Device Marking Samples Drawing Ball material (4/5) BQ76905RGRR ACTIVE VQFN 3000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 110 76905...
  • Page 57 GENERIC PACKAGE VIEW RGR 20 VQFN - 1 mm max height PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK - NO LEAD 3.5 x 3.5, 0.5 mm pitch This image is a representation of the package family, actual package may vary. Refer to the product data sheet for package details. 4228482/A www.ti.com...
  • Page 58 PACKAGE OUTLINE RGR0020A VQFN - 1 mm max height PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK - NO LEAD 3.65 3.35 PIN 1 INDEX AREA 3.65 3.35 SIDE WALL METAL THICKNESS DIM A OPTION 1 OPTION 2 SEATING PLANE 0.05 0.08 C 0.00 2X 2 (DIM A) TYP SYMM EXPOSED...
  • Page 59 4219031/B 04/2022 NOTES: (continued) 4. This package is designed to be soldered to a thermal pad on the board. For more information, see Texas Instruments literature number SLUA271 (www.ti.com/lit/slua271). 5. Vias are optional depending on application, refer to device data sheet. If any vias are implemented, refer to their locations shown on this view.
  • Page 60 EXAMPLE STENCIL DESIGN RGR0020A VQFN - 1 mm max height PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK - NO LEAD (0.56) TYP 20X (0.6) 20X (0.24) (0.56) TYP 16X (0.5) SYMM (3.3) 4X (0.92) (R0.05) TYP 4X (0.92) SYMM (3.3) SOLDER PASTE EXAMPLE BASED ON 0.125 MM THICK STENCIL SCALE: 20X EXPOSED PAD 21 81% PRINTED SOLDER COVERAGE BY AREA UNDER PACKAGE...
  • Page 61: Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated

    TI products. TI’s provision of these resources does not expand or otherwise alter TI’s applicable warranties or warranty disclaimers for TI products. TI objects to and rejects any additional or different terms you may have proposed. IMPORTANT NOTICE Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2023, Texas Instruments Incorporated...

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