Routing Information Protocol; Ip Addresses And The Internet - NETGEAR FR114P Reference Manual

Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall Family
Routers vary in performance and scale, number of routing protocols supported, and types of
physical WAN connection they support. The FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe
Firewalls is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single-user broadband
connection.

Routing Information Protocol

One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing
Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers periodically update one another and check for
changes to add to the routing table.
The FR114P Firewall supports both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other
improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols. RIP is not required for most home
applications.

IP Addresses and the Internet

Because TCP/IP networks are interconnected across the world, every machine on the Internet must
have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination. Blocks of
addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from
an Internet service provider (ISP). You can contact IANA at www.iana.org.
The Internet Protocol (IP) uses a 32-bit address structure. The address is usually written in dot
notation (also called dotted-decimal notation), in which each group of eight bits is written in
decimal form, separated by decimal points.
For example, the following binary address:
11000011 00100010
is normally written as:
195.34.12.7
The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer.
In addition, the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts. The first part of the address
identifies the network, and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network. The
dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application.
B-2
00001100 00000111
Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics