Page 1 ® 281, 282, 284 40 MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generators Users Manual January 2005 © 2005 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USA All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
Page 2 Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price.
Page 3 Safety This generator is a Safety Class I instrument according to IEC classification and has been designed to meet the requirements of EN61010-1 (Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use). It is an Installation Category II instrument intended for operation from a normal single phase supply. This instrument has been tested in accordance with EN61010-1 and has been supplied in a safe condition.
Page 4: Cleaning
20 mm button cell type 2032. Do not mix with solid waste stream. Do not cut open, incinerate, expose to temperatures above 60 °C or attempt to recharge. Used batteries should be disposed of by a qualified recycler or hazardous materials handler. Contact your authorized Fluke Service Center for recycling information. Caution Do not wet the instrument when cleaning it and in particular use only a soft dry cloth to clean the LCD window.
Page 5 EMC Compliance This instrument meets the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC. Compliance was demonstrated by meeting the test limits of the following standards: Emissions EN61326 (1998) EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use. Test limits used were: Radiated: Class B Conducted:...
Page 6 after opening the case for any reason ensure that all signal and ground connections are remade correctly before replacing the cover. Always ensure all case screws are correctly refitted and tightened. In the event of part replacement becoming necessary, only use components of an identical type.
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Chapter Title Page Introduction and Specifications............1-1 Introduction......................1-2 Overview ....................... 1-2 Features ......................1-2 Specifications..................... 1-4 Waveforms ....................1-4 Standard Waveforms................. 1-4 Sine, Cosine, Haversine, Havercosine ............1-4 Square......................1-4 Triangle ..................... 1-4 Ramps and Sin(x)/x................... 1-4 Pulse and Pulse Train ................
Page 8 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Inter-channel Triggering ................1-10 Interfaces ....................... 1-10 General ......................1-10 Installation ................... 2-1 Mains Operating Voltage................... 2-2 Fuse........................2-2 Mains Lead ......................2-2 Mounting......................2-2 Connections..................3-1 Introduction......................3-2 Front Panel Connections ..................3-2 MAIN OUT ....................3-2 SYNC OUT ....................
Page 9 Contents (continued) Sweep Range ....................6-3 Sweep Time ....................6-4 Sweep Type ....................6-4 Manual Sweep ....................6-5 Sweep Spacing....................6-6 Sweep Marker....................6-6 Sweep Hold ....................6-6 Triggered Burst and Gate ..............7-1 Introduction......................7-2 Internal Trigger Generator................7-2 External Trigger Input ...................
Page 10 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Wave Invert ....................9-12 Position Markers.................... 9-12 Arbitrary Waveform Sequence ................9-13 Sequence Set-up .................... 9-14 Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms ......9-15 Frequency ...................... 9-15 Amplitude ...................... 9-16 Sync Out Settings with Arbitrary Waveforms ........... 9-16 Waveform Hold in Arbitrary Mode ..............
Page 11 Contents (continued) Calibration ......................14-5 Copying Channel Set-ups .................. 14-5 Calibration.................... 15-1 Introduction......................15-2 Equipment Required ..................15-2 Calibration Procedure ..................15-2 Setting the Password..................15-2 Password Access to Calibration ..............15-3 Changing the Password ................. 15-3 Calibration Routine.................... 15-3 Remote Calibration ....................
Page 12 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Cleaning ......................17-2 Appendices A Mains Operating Voltage ................A-1 B Warning and Error Messages ..............B-1 C SYNC OUT Automatic Settings ..............C-1 D Factory System Defaults ................D-1 E Waveform Manager Plus................E-1 Block Diagrams...................
Page 13 16-2. RS232 Daisy-Chained Instruments ................ 16-3 16-3. RS232 Daisy-Chain Connector Wiring..............16-4 16-4. Status Model......................16-9 1-1. Mains Transformer Connections - Model 281 ............1-2 1-2. Mains Transformer Connections - Models 282 and 284 ........1-2 6-1. Block Diagram: Single Channel................6-1 6-2.
Page 14 281, 282, 284 Users Manual...
Page 15: Introduction And Specifications
Chapter 1 Introduction and Specifications Introduction......................1-2 Overview ....................... 1-2 Features ......................1-2 Specifications..................... 1-4 Waveforms ....................1-4 Standard Waveforms................. 1-4 Sine, Cosine, Haversine, Havercosine ............1-4 Square......................1-4 Triangle ..................... 1-4 Ramps and Sin(x)/x................... 1-4 Pulse and Pulse Train ................1-4 Arbitrary....................
Page 16: Overview
Users Manual Introduction Overview This manual describes the features and operation of the Fluke models 281, 282 and 284 single-, two- and four-channel arbitrary waveform generators. The physical differences between the two and four-channel generators are straightforward: the two-channel instrument has no set-up keys or output connections for channels three and four.
Page 17 Introduction and Specifications Introduction The supplied Windows™-based arbitrary waveform creation software gives access to more comprehensive features, allowing you to create waveforms from mathematical expressions, from combinations of other waveforms, freehand, or using a combination of all three techniques. Waveforms created in this way are downloaded via the RS232 or GPIB interface.
Page 18: Specifications
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Specifications Specifications apply at 18-28ºC after 30 minutes warm-up, at maximum output into 50 Ω Waveforms Standard Waveforms Sine, square, triangle, DC, positive ramp, negative ramp, sin(x)/x, pulse, pulse train, cosine, haversine and havercosine. Sine, Cosine, Haversine, Havercosine Range: 0·1 mHz to 16 MHz...
Page 19: Arbitrary
Introduction and Specifications Specifications Delay: range: -99·99 s to + 99·99 s resolution: 0·002 % of period or 25 ns, whichever is greater Width: range: 25 ns to 99·99 s resolution: 0·002 % of period or 25 ns, whichever is greater Note that the pulse width and absolute value of the delay may not exceed the pulse period at any time.
Page 20: Gated
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Gated Waveform runs while the gate signal is true and stops while false. Carrier waveforms: All standard and arbitrary. Maximum carrier The smaller of 1 MHz or the maximum for the selected frequency: waveform. 40 M samples/s for arb and Sequence.
Page 21: Trigger Generator
Introduction and Specifications Specifications Tone switching modes: gated: The tone is output while the trigger signal is true, and stopped at the end of the current waveform cycle, while the trigger signal is false. The next tone is output when the trigger signal is true again. triggered: The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true.
Page 22: Cursor/Marker Out
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Output signal level: TTL/CMOS logic levels from typically 50 Ω Cursor/Marker Out Adjustable output pulse for use as a marker in sweep mode or as a cursor in arbitrary waveform editing mode. Can be used to modulate the Z-axis of an oscilloscope or be displayed on a second oscilloscope channel.
Page 23: Inter-Channel Operation
Introduction and Specifications Specifications Inter-channel Operation Inter-channel Modulation The waveform from any channel may be used to amplitude modulate (AM) or suppressed carrier modulate (SCM) the next channel. Alternatively any number of channels may be modulated (AM or SCM) with the signal at the MODULATION input socket. Carrier frequency: Entire range for selected waveform.
Page 24: Inter-Channel Triggering
281, 282, 284 Users Manual The signals from the REF IN/OUT socket and the SYNC OUT socket can be used to phase lock two instruments where more than 4 channels are required. Inter-channel Triggering Any channel can be triggered by the previous or next channel.
Page 25: Installation
Chapter 2 Installation Mains Operating Voltage................... 2-2 Fuse........................2-2 Mains Lead ......................2-2 Mounting......................2-2...
Page 26: Mains Operating Voltage
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Mains Operating Voltage Check that the instrument operating voltage marked on the rear panel is correct for the local supply. If it is necessary to change the operating voltage, follow the procedure described in appendix A.
Page 27: Connections
Chapter 3 Connections Introduction......................3-2 Front Panel Connections ..................3-2 MAIN OUT ....................3-2 SYNC OUT ....................3-2 TRIG IN ......................3-3 SUM IN ......................3-3 MODULATION IN..................3-3 Rear Panel Connections ..................3-3 REF CLOCK IN/OUT................... 3-3 HOLD IN....................... 3-4 CURSOR/MARKER OUT................
Page 28: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction This chapter describes the front- and rear-panel connections and their functions. Front Panel Connections MAIN OUT (1 per channel) MAIN OUT is the 50 Ω output from the channel’s main generator. It provides up to 20 V p-p into an open circuit or 10 V p-p into a matched 50 Ω...
Page 29: Trig In
Connections Rear Panel Connections SYNC OUT logic levels are nominally 0 V and +5V from typically 50 Ω. SYNC OUT will withstand a short circuit. Caution To avoid risk of damage to the instrument, do not apply external voltages to this output. TRIG IN TRIG IN is the external input for trigger, gate, sweep and sequence operations.
Page 30: Hold In
281, 282, 284 Users Manual As an output the logic levels are nominally 1 V and 4 V from typically 50 Ω. REF CLOCK IN/OUT will withstand a short-circuit. As an input the threshold is TTL/CMOS compatible. Caution To avoid risk of damage to the instrument, do not apply external voltages exceeding ±10 V to this socket.
Page 31: Gpib (Ieee-488)
Connections Rear Panel Connections Pin 2, 3 and 5 may be used as a conventional RS232 interface with XON/XOFF handshaking. Pins 7, 8 and 9 are used when the instrument is operated in addressable RS232 mode. Signal grounds are connected to the instrument ground. The RS232 address is set from the remote menu on the UTILITY screen, as described in chapter 14, System Operations from the Utility Menu.
Page 32 281, 282, 284 Users Manual...
Page 33: Initial Operation
Chapter 4 Initial Operation Introduction......................4-2 Initial Operation....................4-2 Switching On ....................4-2 Display Contrast .................... 4-2 Keyboard ....................... 4-2 Principles of Editing ..................4-3 Principles of Operation ..................4-5 Clock Synthesis Mode................... 4-5 DDS Mode..................... 4-6...
Page 34: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction This section is a general introduction to the organization and principles of the instrument and is intended to be read before using the generator for the first time. Detailed operation is covered in later sections starting with chapter 5, Standard Waveform Operation.
Page 35: Principles Of Editing
Initial Operation Initial Operation • FREQuency, AMPLitude, OFFSET and MODE keys display screens which permit their respective parameters to be edited either from the numeric keypad or using the rotary control/cursor keys. • Numeric keys permit direct entry of a value for the parameter currently selected. Values are accepted in three formats: integer (20), floating point (20·0) and exponential (2 EXP 1).
Page 36 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Note On multi-channel instruments the channel to be edited must first be selected by pressing the appropriate SETUP key; the lamp lights beside the SETUP key of the channel currently enabled for editing. A diamond beside a screen item indicates that it is selectable; hollow diamonds ( ) identify deselected items and filled diamonds ( ) denote selected items.
Page 37: Principles Of Operation
Initial Operation Principles of Operation Thus for STANDARD FREQUENCY set to 1.000000 MHz rotating the control will change the frequency in 1 kHz steps. The display will auto-range up or down as the frequency is changed, provided that autoranging permits the increment size to be maintained;...
Page 38: Dds Mode
281, 282, 284 Users Manual shb0006f.emf Figure 4-2. Clock Synthesis Mode DDS Mode In DDS mode all waveforms are stored in RAM as 4096 points. The frequency of the output waveform is determined by the rate at which the RAM addresses are changed. The address changes are generated as follows: The RAM contains the amplitude values of all the individual points of one cycle (360 º)
Page 39: Standard Waveform Operation
Chapter 5 Standard Waveform Operation Introduction......................5-2 Standard Waveform Operation ................5-2 Setting Generator Parameters ................5-2 Waveform Selection ..................5-2 Frequency ...................... 5-2 Amplitude ...................... 5-3 DC Offset ...................... 5-4 Warning and Error Messages................5-5 SYNC Output..................... 5-6...
Page 40: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction This section deals with the use of the instrument as a standard function generator, i.e. generating sine, square, triangle, dc, ramp, haversine, cosine, havercosine and sin(x)/x waveforms. All but the square wave are generated by DDS which gives 7-digit frequency precision;...
Page 41: Amplitude
Standard Waveform Operation Setting Generator Parameters always show the entry in the most appropriate engineering units, in this case 12·34000 kHz. With period selected instead of freq the frequency can be set in terms of a period, for example 123·4µs can be entered as ·0001234 or 123·4 exp -6; again the display will always show the entry in the most appropriate engineering units.
Page 42: Dc Offset
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Alternate presses of the ± key will invert the signal at the MAIN OUT socket; if the DC OFFSET is non-zero the signal is inverted about the same offset. The exception to this occurs when the amplitude is specified in dBm. Since low level signals are specified in dBm (0 dBm = 1 mW into 50 Ω...
Page 43: Warning And Error Messages
Standard Waveform Operation Warning and Error Messages DC OFFSET: program +1.50 (actual +1.50 Vdc) load:hiZ If the amplitude is now reduced to, say, 250 mV pp, this introduces the attenuator and the actual dc offset changes by the appropriate factor: DC OFFSET: program +1.50 (actual +151 mVdc)
Page 44: Sync Output
281, 282, 284 Users Manual choose to change the output level or the offset to produce a signal which is not clipped. The word (clip?) will show in the display beside AMPLITUDE or DC OFFSET while the clipped condition exists.
Page 45 Standard Waveform Operation SYNC Output Produces a pulse coincident with the last cycle of the burst. burst done: Produces a pulse coincident with the end of a waveform sequence sync: sequence. Selects the current trigger signal (internal, external, trigger: adjacent channel or manual). Useful for synchronizing burst or gated signals.
Page 46 281, 282, 284 Users Manual...
Page 47: Sweep Operation
Chapter 6 Sweep Operation Introduction......................6-2 Principles of Sweep Operation ..............6-2 Connections for Sweep Operation..............6-2 Setting Sweep Parameters.................. 6-3 Sweep Range ....................6-3 Sweep Time ....................6-4 Sweep Type ....................6-4 Manual Sweep ....................6-5 Sweep Spacing....................6-6 Sweep Marker....................
Page 48: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction Principles of Sweep Operation All standard and arbitrary waveforms can be swept with the exception of pulse, pulse- train and sequence. During sweep all waveforms are generated in DDS mode because this offers the significant advantage of phase-continuous sweeps over a very wide frequency range (up to 10 :1).
Page 49: Setting Sweep Parameters
Sweep Operation Setting Sweep Parameters Setting Sweep Parameters Pressing the SWEEP key (or the sweep setup… soft-key on the screen) MODE displays the SWEEP SETUP screen: SWEEP SETUP: range… type… time… spacing… manual… marker… Menus for setting up the range, time (sweep rate), type (continuous, triggered, etc.) spacing (linear or logarithmic) and marker position are all accessed from this screen using the appropriate soft-key.
Page 50: Sweep Time
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Sweep Time Pressing the time… soft-key calls the SWEEP TIME screen: SWEEP TIME: 0.05 sec (steps=100) done The sweep time can be set from 0·03 to 999 s with 3-digit resolution by direct keyboard entry or by using the rotary control. As explained above, sweeps lasting less than 1·03 seconds will contain less than the maximum 2048 steps because of the minimum 0·5 ms...
Page 51: Manual Sweep
Sweep Operation Setting Sweep Parameters This is useful because it forces the sweep always to start from the same point in the waveform. You should be aware that in this case the waveform discontinuity may be undesirable in some circumstances, for example in filter evaluation. With sync is set to off the frequency steps directly and phase continuity is maintained from the stop frequency to the start frequency.
Page 52: Sweep Spacing
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Sweep Spacing Pressing the spacing… soft-key on the SWEEP SETUP screen calls the SWEEP SPACING screen: SWEEP SPACING: logarithmic linear done With linear selected the sweep changes the frequency at a linear rate; with logarithmic selected the sweep spends an equal time in each frequency decade.
Page 53: Triggered Burst And Gate
Chapter 7 Triggered Burst and Gate Introduction......................7-2 Internal Trigger Generator................7-2 External Trigger Input ................... 7-3 Adjacent Channel Trigger Output ..............7-3 Triggered Burst ....................7-3 Trigger Source ....................7-4 Trigger Edge....................7-4 Burst Count....................7-4 Start Phase ..................... 7-5 Manual Initialization of Inter-channel Triggering.........
Page 54: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction Triggered burst and gated modes are selected from the MODE screen, called by the MODE key, as alternatives to the default continuous mode. MODE: continuous gated setup… triggered setup… In triggered burst mode a defined number of cycles are generated following each trigger event.
Page 55: External Trigger Input
Triggered Burst and Gate Triggered Burst External Trigger Input External trigger or gate signals are applied to the front panel TRIG IN socket which has a TTL level (+1·5 V) threshold. In triggered burst mode the input is edge sensitive; the selected edge of each external trigger initiates the specified burst.
Page 56: Trigger Source
281, 282, 284 Users Manual screen on which the burst count and start phase are set. The other trigger parameters are set on the TRIGGER IN set-up screen called by pressing the TRIG IN key. TRIGGER IN: force source: internal slope: positive period: 2.00ms...
Page 57: Start Phase
Triggered Burst and Gate Triggered Burst The required count can be set by pressing the burst cnt soft-key followed by direct entries from the keyboard, or by using the rotary control. The maximum number of waveform cycles that can be counted is 1,048,575 (2 -1).
Page 58: Gated Mode
281, 282, 284 Users Manual channel’s TRIGGER IN screen. Select the channel to start the sequence with the appropriate SETUP key, select the TRIGGER IN screen with the TRIG IN key and press the force soft-key. Gated Mode Gated mode is turned on with the gated soft-key on the MODE screen. The setup…...
Page 59: Sync Out In Triggered Burst And Gated Mode
Triggered Burst and Gate Sync Out in Triggered Burst and Gated Mode The start phase, i.e. the point on the waveform cycle at which the gated waveform starts, can be selected by pressing the phase soft-key followed by direct entries from the keyboard or by using the rotary control.
Page 60 281, 282, 284 Users Manual...
Page 61: Tone Mode
Chapter 8 Tone Mode Introduction......................8-2 Tone Frequency ....................8-2 Tone Type ......................8-2 Tone Switching Source ..................8-3 DTMF Testing with a Multi-Channel Generator ..........8-4...
Page 62: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction In Tone mode the output is stepped through a user-defined list of up to 16 frequencies under the control of the signal set by the source soft-key on the TRIGGER IN set-up screen. This signal can be the internal trigger generator, an external trigger input, the front panel MAN TRIG key or a remote command.
Page 63: Tone Switching Source
Tone Mode Tone Switching Source Thus the difference between triggered and gated tone changes is that in triggered mode the signal changes phase continuously from one frequency to the next at the waveform zero-crossing point immediately after the trigger signal, whereas in gated mode there can be an off (no signal) period between successive frequencies while the gate signal is not true.
Page 64: Dtmf Testing With A Multi-Channel Generator
281, 282, 284 Users Manual DTMF Testing with a Multi-Channel Generator An important use of tone mode is DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) testing in which two channels are set up with equal length lists of different frequencies, triggered from a common signal. The outputs are summed together using the internal sum facility (see chapter 12, Sum).
Page 65: Arbitrary Waveform Generation
Chapter 9 Arbitrary Waveform Generation Introduction......................9-2 Arb Waveform Terms ..................9-2 Arb Waveform Creation and Modification – General Principles ...... 9-2 Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms ..........9-3 Creating New Waveforms.................. 9-4 Create Blank Waveform ................9-4 Create Waveform Copy ................. 9-5 Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms...............
Page 66: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction Arbitrary (arb) waveforms are generated by sequentially addressing the RAM containing the waveform data with the arbitrary clock. The frequency of the arb waveform is determined both by the arb clock and the total number of data points in the cycle.
Page 67: Selecting And Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms 2. Modifying that waveform using the various editing capabilities to get exactly the waveform required. These steps are fully described in the Creating New Waveforms and Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms sections which follow. Waveform creation using waveform design software also consists of two steps: 1.
Page 68: Creating New Waveforms
281, 282, 284 Users Manual ARBS: backup wv00 01024 wv01 03782 wv02 00500 The rotary control or cursor keys can be used to scroll the full list backwards and forwards through the display. With the appropriate channel selected using its SETUP key press the soft-key beside the required waveform to load it into that channel’s...
Page 69: Create Waveform Copy
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Creating New Waveforms create: "wv00 " size: 01024 cancel create The top line contains the user-defined waveform name which can be up to 8 characters long. The instrument allocates a default name of wv(n) starting at wv00; the name can be edited by selecting the appropriate character position with the cursor keys and then setting the character with the rotary control which scrolls through all alphanumeric characters in sequence.
Page 70: Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms Certain restrictions apply to waveform modification. They are summarized at the head of this chapter. Pressing the MODIFY front panel key, or the create soft-key on either of the CREATE NEW WAVEFORM menus calls the MODIFY screen:...
Page 71: Rename Waveform
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms Resize is implemented by pressing the resize soft-key. The cancel soft-key leaves the size unchanged. Both soft keys return the display to the MODIFY screen. Rename Waveform Pressing the rename… soft-key on the MODIFY screen calls the Rename screen: Rename: vwv01 "myWave01"...
Page 72: Delete Waveform
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Delete Waveform Pressing the delete… soft-key displays a request for confirmation that the selected waveform is to be deleted from the backup memory. Delete waveform "wv01 " cancel delete Confirm deletion by pressing the delete soft-key which will return the display to the MODIFY screen with the next arb waveform automatically selected;...
Page 73: Point Edit
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms waveform can be copied into itself (block copy) and position markers for use at SYNC OUT can also be defined. Pressing the exit soft-key on any of these edit screens will return the display to the EDIT FUNCTIONS menu.
Page 74: Block Copy
281, 282, 284 Users Manual wv01 wv02 00000 strt 00400 00512 stop 01000 exit insert Wave insert places waveforms between programmable start and stop points. Both standard and arbitrary waveforms can be inserted in the new waveform, with the exception of pulse, pulse-train and sequence.
Page 75: Waveform Amplitude
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms Block copy edit operates on the version of the waveform in the channel currently selected by the channel SETUP keys, and the effect of the edit can be seen by selecting the waveform to run on that channel. When your waveform is ready it can be saved by pressing the save soft-key;...
Page 76: Wave Invert
281, 282, 284 Users Manual The waveform offset can be changed on a section of the waveform defined by the start and stop addresses. Set the addresses by pressing the appropriate soft-key and making entries directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control.
Page 77: Arbitrary Waveform Sequence
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Arbitrary Waveform Sequence Position markers can be set at any or all of the addresses of a waveform either individually, using the adrs (address) soft-key, or as a pattern, using the menu. patterns… A marker can be set directly at an address by pressing the adrs soft-key followed by a keyboard entry.
Page 78: Sequence Set-Up
281, 282, 284 Users Manual A previously defined sequence can be run and stopped from this screen using the run and stop soft-keys. The sequence can also be switched on from the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen with the sequence soft-key. The segs= field shows the number of segments in the sequence; there is always at least 1 segment.
Page 79: Frequency And Amplitude Control With Arbitrary Waveforms
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms screen with the exception of the MAN TRIG key (which when pressed can only produce an edge, not a level). Providing the step on: field is set to count for all segments the waveform sequence can also be run in gated and triggered burst modes in the same way as simple waveforms.
Page 80: Amplitude
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Frequency or period can now only be set in terms of the clock frequency. Frequency and period entries are made directly from the numeric keypad or by using the rotary control in the usual way.
Page 81: Output Filter Setting
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Output Filter Setting Pressing the front panel MAN HOLD key stops the waveform at the current level on all enabled channels; pressing MAN HOLD a second time restarts the waveform from that level. If the ARB HOLD INPUT screen is currently selected the status field will change from no hold to manual hold while the waveform is paused.
Page 82 281, 282, 284 Users Manual The four filter choices, which are either automatically selected or set manually with the type soft-key, are as follows: 10 MHz elliptic: The automatic choice up to 10 MHz for sine, cosine, haversine, havercosine, sin(x)/x and triangle. Would be the better choice for arb waveforms with an essentially sinusoidal content.
Page 83: Pulse And Pulse-Trains
Pulse and Pulse-trains Introduction Chapter 10 Pulse and Pulse-trains Introduction......................10-2 Pulse Set-up ....................... 10-2 Pulse-Train Set-up ..................... 10-4 Waveform Hold in Pulse and Pulse-Train Modes ..........10-6 10-1...
Page 84: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction Pulse and pulse-trains are both selected and set-up from independent menus on the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen called by pressing the STD key. Pulse and pulse- trains have similar timing set-ups and considerations but pulses are always unipolar, with a maximum amplitude of 10 V p-p, whereas pulse-trains can be bipolar, with a maximum amplitude of 20 V p-p.
Page 85 Pulse and Pulse-trains Pulse Set-up The means by which pulse period is set-up in the hardware requires an understanding because it affects the setting resolution of both pulse width and delay. Pulse is actually a particular form of arbitrary waveform made up of between 4 and 50,000 points; each point has a minimum time of 25.00 ns corresponding to the fastest clock frequency of 40 MHz.
Page 86: Pulse-Train Set-Up
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Pulse-Train Set-up Pulse-trains are turned on with the pulse-train soft key on the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen; pressing the setup… soft-key beside pulse- train calls the first of the set-up screens: Enter no of pulses in train (1-10):...
Page 87 Pulse and Pulse-trains Pulse-Train Set-up The baseline is the signal level between the end of one pulse and the start of the next, i.e. it is the level at which all pulses start and finish. The baseline can be set between -5·0 V and +5·0 V by direct numeric keypad entries or by using the rotary control.
Page 88: Waveform Hold In Pulse And Pulse-Train Modes
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Pulse 1 delay program +0·000 ns (actual +0·000 ns) done next The pulse delay is entered in the same way as the pulse width and, again, the actual delay is shown below the program delay for the same reasons. The delay value that can be entered must be in the range ±...
Page 89 Pulse and Pulse-trains Waveform Hold in Pulse and Pulse-Train Modes ARB HOLD INPUT: status: no hold mode: disabled Each channel is selected in turn using the channel SETUP keys and set using the mode soft-key. The mode changes between disabled and enabled with alternate key presses.
Page 90 281, 282, 284 Users Manual 10-8...
Page 91: Modulation
Chapter 11 Modulation Introduction......................11-2 External Modulation ..................11-2 External VCA ....................11-2 External SCM ....................11-3 Internal Modulation ................... 11-3 11-1...
Page 92: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction You can use both internal and external modulation sources. External modulation can be applied to any or all channels. Internal modulation uses the previous channel as the modulation source; for example channel 2 can be used to modulate channel 3. Clearly, internal modulation is not available on channel 1 or on a single channel instrument.
Page 93: External Scm
The AMPLITUDE set-up screen shows the message fixed by SCM. Internal Modulation Only the multi-channel instruments (models 282 and 284) can make use of internal modulation; the single-channel model 281 has no internal modulation capability. Pressing the MODULATION key calls the MODULATION set-up screen. MODULATION...
Page 94 281, 282, 284 Users Manual The source soft-key steps the modulation choice between off, external and CHx where x is the number of the previous channel. With CHx selected the modulation can be switched between AM and SCM with alternate presses of the type soft-key.
Page 95: Sum
Chapter 12 Introduction......................12-2 External Sum...................... 12-2 Internal Sum....................... 12-3 12-1...
Page 96: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction Both internal and external sum can be selected; summing can be used to add noise to a waveform, for example, or to add two signals for DTMF (dual tone multiple frequency) testing. External sum can be applied to any or all channels. Internal sum uses the previous channel as the source, so that for example channel 2 can be added into channel 3;...
Page 97: Internal Sum
External sum cannot be used with internal modulation. Internal Sum Only the multi-channel instruments (models 282 and 284) can make use of internal sum; the single-channel model 281 has no internal sum capability. Pressing the SUM key calls the SUM set-up screen: source: CH1 ratio: 1.00000...
Page 98 281, 282, 284 Users Manual The amplitude of the channel being used for the internal sum signal can still be adjusted on its own AMPLITUDE set-up screen; its status screen shows the message x to indicate that it is being used as a source for channel x.
Page 99: Synchronization
Chapter 13 Synchronization Introduction......................13-2 Inter-Channel Synchronization ................13-2 Synchronizing Principles................13-2 Master-Slave Allocation ................13-2 Phase-setting between Channels..............13-3 Other Phase-Locking Considerations ............13-4 Synchronizing Two Generators ................. 13-5 Synchronizing Principles................13-5 Connections for Synchronization ..............13-5 Generator Set-ups ..................13-5 Synchronizing....................
Page 100: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction Two or more channels in one multi-channel generator can be synchronized together and precise phase differences can be set between the channels. Two separate generators can also be synchronized, giving a maximum of 8 channels that can be operated synchronously.
Page 101: Phase-Setting Between Channels
Synchronization Inter-Channel Synchronization master can be set. (More than one master can be selected but when locking is turned on with the status soft-key the set-up will be rejected.) Master/freq selects the master and sets frequency-tracking; for this to be operational the master and slave(s) must be set to the same frequency when locking is turned on.
Page 102: Other Phase-Locking Considerations
281, 282, 284 Users Manual mode: indep phase: +000.0º (actual: +000.0º status: off view Selecting the phase soft-key allows the phase to be set by direct keyboard entry or by rotary control. Setting the phase of a slave positive advances the waveform of the slave with respect to the master;...
Page 103: Synchronizing Two Generators
Synchronization Synchronizing Two Generators 3. Pulse and pulse train waveforms will lock to other pulse and pulse-trains (and to each other) but should be built with equal periods. 4. Arb waveforms should be the same length (although this requirement is not forced and violations do not create error messages).
Page 104 281, 282, 284 Users Manual UTILITY screen. Refer to chapter 14, System Operations from the Utility Menu for additional information. CLOCK I/O SETUP input output phase lock slave Repeated presses of the phase lock soft-key toggle between master and slave.
Page 105: Synchronizing
Synchronization Synchronizing Two Generators Synchronizing Having made the connections and set up the generators as described in the preceding paragraphs, synchronization is achieved by pressing the MAN TRIG key of the slave. Once synchronized any change to the set-up will require resynchronization with the MAN TRIG key again.
Page 106 281, 282, 284 Users Manual 13-8...
Page 107: System Operations From The Utility Menu
Chapter 14 System Operations from the Utility Menu Introduction......................14-2 Storing and Recalling Set-ups................14-2 Channel Waveform Information ................ 14-2 Warnings and Error messages................14-3 Remote Interface Set-up ..................14-3 Reference Clock In/Out Setting ................. 14-3 Cursor/Marker Output..................14-3 Power On Setting ....................14-4 System Information....................
Page 108: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction Pressing the UTILITY key calls a list of menus which give access to various system operations including storing and recalling set-ups from non-volatile memory, error messages, power-on settings and calibration. Storing and Recalling Set-ups Complete waveform set-ups can be stored to or recalled from non-volatile RAM using the menus called by the store…...
Page 109: Warnings And Error Messages
System Operations from the Utility Menu Warnings and Error messages Warnings and Error messages The default set-up is for all warning and error messages to be displayed and for a beep to sound with each message. This set-up can be changed on the error… menu: error beep: ON error message: ON warn beep: ON...
Page 110: Power On Setting
281, 282, 284 Users Manual CURSOR/MARKER OUTPUT amplitude: polarity: negative cursor width: 1 The cursor/marker signal is output from the rear panel CURSOR/MARKER OUT socket. It is used as a marker in sweep mode or as a cursor in arbitrary waveform mode. It can be used to modulate the Z-axis of an oscilloscope or be displayed on a second oscilloscope channel.
Page 111: Calibration
System Operations from the Utility Menu Calibration Calibration Pressing the calibration soft key calls the calibration routine, described in chapter 15, Calibration. Copying Channel Set-ups An easy way of copying complete channel set-ups (waveform, frequency, amplitude, etc.) is accessed by pressing the COPY CHannel key: copy channel: 1 to channel: execute...
Page 112 281, 282, 284 Users Manual 14-6...
Page 113: Calibration
Chapter 15 Calibration Introduction......................15-2 Equipment Required ..................15-2 Calibration Procedure ..................15-2 Setting the Password..................15-2 Password Access to Calibration ..............15-3 Changing the Password ................. 15-3 Calibration Routine.................... 15-3 Remote Calibration .................... 15-5 15-1...
Page 114: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction All parameters can be calibrated without opening the instrument case; the generator offers ‘closed-box’ calibration. All adjustments are made digitally with calibration constants stored in EEPROM. The calibration routine requires only a digital voltmeter (DVM) and a frequency counter and takes no more than a few minutes.
Page 115: Password Access To Calibration
Calibration Calibration Routine Enter a 4-digit password from the keyboard; the display will show the message NEW PASSWORD STORED! for two seconds and then revert to the UTILITY menu. If any keys other than 0-9 are pressed while entering the password the message ILLEGAL PASSWORD! will be shown.
Page 116 281, 282, 284 Users Manual The full procedure is as follows: CH1 DC offset zero Adjust for 0 V ±5 mV CAL 03 CH1 DC offset at + full scale Adjust for +10 V ±10 mV CAL 04 CH1 DC offset at - full scale Check for -10 V ±3%...
Page 117: Remote Calibration
Calibration Remote Calibration CH4 Sum offset Adjust for 0 V ±5 mV CAL 52 CH4 SCM level at full-scale Adjust for 5 V ±5 mV CAL 53 CH4 AM level at full-scale Adjust for 10 V ±10 mV CAL 54 Clock calibrate Adjust for 10·00000 MHz at SYNC OUT.
Page 118 281, 282, 284 Users Manual For general information on remote operation and remote command formats, refer to chapter 16, Remote Operation. 15-6...
Page 119: Remote Operation
Chapter 16 Remote Operation Introduction......................16-2 Address and Baud Rate Selection ..............16-2 Remote/Local Operation..................16-2 RS232 Interface ....................16-3 RS232 Interface Connector ................16-3 Single Instrument RS232 Connections............16-3 Addressable RS232 Connections..............16-3 RS232 Character Set..................16-4 Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes ..........16-4 Full List of Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes......
Page 120: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction The instrument can be remotely controlled via its RS232 or GPIB interfaces. When using RS232 it can either be the only instrument connected to the controller or it can be part of an addressable RS232 system which permits up to 32 instruments to be addressed from one RS232 port.
Page 121: Rs232 Interface
Remote Operation RS232 Interface RS232 Interface RS232 Interface Connector The 9-way D-type serial interface connector is located on the instrument rear panel. The pin connections are as shown in chapter 3, Connections, table 3-1. Single Instrument RS232 Connections For single instrument remote control only pins 2, 3 and 5 are connected to the PC. However, for correct operation links must be made in the connector at the PC end between pins 1, 4 and 6 and between pins 7 and 8, as shown below.
Page 122: Rs232 Character Set
281, 282, 284 Users Manual The daisy chain consists of the transmit data (TXD), receive date (RXD) and signal ground lines only. There are no control/handshake lines. This makes XON/XOFF protocol essential and allows the inter-connection between instruments to contain just 3 wires.
Page 123 Remote Operation RS232 Interface blocks but all interface control codes are ignored. To return to addressable mode the instrument must be powered off. To enable addressable mode after an instrument has been powered on the Set Addressable Mode control code, 02H, must be sent. This will then enable all instruments connected to the addressable RS232 bus to respond to all interface control codes.
Page 124: Full List Of Addressable Rs232 Interface Control Codes
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Full List of Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes Set Addressable Mode. Universal Unaddress control code. Lock Non-Addressable mode control code. Acknowledge that listen address received. Line Feed (LF); used as the universal command and response terminator.
Page 125: Gpib Parallel Poll
Remote Operation Status Reporting bit to be set in the Standard Event Status Register, a value of 2 to be placed in the Query Error Register and the response formatter to be reset thus clearing the output queue. The parser will then start parsing the next <PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT> from the input queue.
Page 126: Status Byte Register And Service Request Enable Register
281, 282, 284 Users Manual The Standard Event Status Register is read and cleared by the * ESR? command. The Standard Event Status Enable register is set by the * ESE <nrf> command and read by the * ESE? command.
Page 127: Power On Settings
Remote Operation Power on Settings shb0012f.gif Figure 16-4. Status Model Power on Settings The following instrument status values are set at power on: Status Byte Register Service Request Enable Register † Standard Event Status Register = 128 (pon bit set) Standard Event Status Enable Register †...
Page 128: Remote Commands
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Remote Commands RS232 Remote Command Formats Serial input to the instrument is buffered in a 256 byte input queue which is filled, under interrupt, in a manner transparent to all other instrument operations. The instrument will send XOFF when approximately 200 characters are in the queue.
Page 129: Command List
Remote Operation Remote Commands The new line character (0AH) The new line character with the END message NL^END The END message with the last character of the message ^END Responses from the instrument to the controller are sent as <RESPONSE MESSAGES>. A <RESPONSE MESSAGE>...
Page 130: Frequency And Period
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Select channel <nrf> as the destination SETUPCH <nrf> for subsequent commands. The value of <nrf> ranges from 1 to the highest channel number in the instrument. Frequency and Period These commands set the frequency or period of the generator main output and are equivalent to pressing the FREQ key and editing that screen.
Page 131: Arbitrary Waveform Create And Delete
Remote Operation Remote Commands Set the width of pulse-train pulse number PULTRNWID <nrf1>,<nrf2> <nrf1> to <nrf2> sec. Set the delay of pulse-train pulse number PULTRNDLY <nrf1>,<nrf2> <nrf1> to <nrf2> sec. Make the pulse-train and run it - similar to PULTRNMAKE the WAVE PULSTRN command.
Page 132: Arbitrary Waveform Editing
281, 282, 284 Users Manual character and the data ends with <pmt>. If less data is sent than the number of points in the waveform the old data is retained from the point where the new data ends. If more data is sent the surplus is discarded.
Page 133 Remote Operation Remote Commands Load data to an existing arbitrary ARBDATACSV <cpd>, waveform. <csv ascii data> <cpd> must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform. The data consists of ascii coded values, in the range --2048 to +2047, for each point. The values are separated by a comma character and the data ends with <pmt>.
Page 134 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Returns the data from an existing arbitrary ARBDATA? <cpd> waveform. <cpd> must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform. The data consists of binary coded values as specified for the ARBDATA command. The data is sent from the arbitrary waveform between the points specified by the ARBEDLMTS command.
Page 135: Waveform Sequence Control
Remote Operation Remote Commands Adjust the amplitude of arbitrary waveform ARBAMPL <cpd>,<nrf1>, <cpd> in the address range <nrf1> to <nrf2>,<nrf3> <nrf2> by the factor <nfr3>. Move the data in arbitrary waveform ARBOFFSET <cpd>,<nrf1>, <cpd> in the address range <nrf1> to <nrf2>,<nrf3>...
Page 136: Input/Output Control
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Delete tone frequency number <nrf>, TONEEND <nrf> thus defining the end of the list. Set tone frequency number <nrf1> to TONEFREQ <nrf1>,<nrf2>, <nrf2> Hz. The third parameter sets the <nrf3> tone type; 1 will give trig, 2 will give FSK, any other value gives gate.
Page 137: Modulation Commands
Remote Operation Remote Commands Force a trigger to the selected channel. Will FORCETRG function with any trigger source except MANUAL specified. Modulation Commands Set the modulation source to <OFF>, MOD <cpd> <EXT> or <PREV>. Set the modulation type to <AM> or MODTYPE <cpd>...
Page 138 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Returns the value in the Standard Event Status * ESR? Register in <nr1> numeric format. The register is then cleared. The syntax of the response is <nr1><rmt>. Returns the instrument identification. The * IDN? exact response is determined by the instrument configuration and is of the form <NAME>,<model>,0,<version><rmt>...
Page 139: Miscellaneous Commands
Remote Operation Remote Commands Query and clear query the error number QER? register. The response format is nr1<rmt>. Miscellaneous Commands Returns the complete set-up of the instrument * LRN? as a hexadecimal character data block. To re- install the set-up the block should be returned to the instrument exactly as it is received.
Page 140: Remote Command Summary
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Remote Command Summary Table 16-1. Remote Command Summary Clear status. * CLS Set the Standard Event Status Enable * ESE <nrf> Register to the value of <nrf>. Returns the value in the Standard Event * ESE? Status Enable Register in <nr1>...
Page 141: Remote Command Summary
Remote Operation Remote Command Summary Aborts a phase locking operation. ABORT Set the depth for amplitude modulation to AMDEPTH <nrf> <nrf> %. Set the amplitude to <nrf> in the units AMPL <nrf> as specified by the AMPUNIT command. Set the amplitude units to <VPP>, AMPUNIT <cpd>...
Page 142 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Insert the standard waveform <cpd2> ARBINSSTD <cpd1>,<cpd2>, into the arbitrary waveform <cpd1> <nrf1>,<nrf2> from start address <nrf1> to stop address <nrf2>. Invert arbitrary waveform <cpd> ARBINVERT <cpd>,<nrf1>, between start address <nrf1> and stop <nrf2> address <nrf2>.
Page 143 Remote Operation Remote Command Summary Set the channel lock mode to <INDEP>, LOCKMODE <cpd> <MASTER>, <FTRACK> or <SLAVE>. Set the channel lock status to <ON> or LOCKSTAT <cpd> <OFF>. Returns the instrument to local operation LOCAL and unlocks the keyboard. Will not function if LLO is in force.
Page 144 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Query and clear query error number QER? register. Set the ref. clock BNC connector to REFCLK <cpd> <IN>, <OUT>, <MASTER> or <SLAVE>. Set the level for SCM to <nrf> Volts. SCMLEVEL <nrf> Select channel <nrf>...
Page 145 Remote Operation Remote Command Summary Set the sync output <ON>, <OFF>, SYNCOUT <cpd> <AUTO>, <WFMSYNC>, <POSNMKR>, <BSTDONE>, <SEQSYNC>, <TRIGGER>, <SWPTRG> or <PHASLOC>. Delete tone frequency number <nrf> TONEEND <nrf> thus defining the end of the list. Set tone frequency number <nrf1> to TONEFREQ <nrf1>,<nrf2>, <nrf2>...
Page 146 281, 282, 284 Users Manual 16-28...
Page 147: Maintenance
Chapter 17 Maintenance Introduction......................17-2 Cleaning ......................17-2 17-1...
Page 148: Introduction
281, 282, 284 Users Manual Introduction The manufacturers or their agents overseas will provide a repair service for any unit developing a fault. Where owners wish to undertake their own maintenance work, this should only be done by skilled personnel in conjunction with the service manual.
Page 149: A Mains Operating Voltage
Appendices Appendix Title Page Mains Operating Voltage ..................A-1 Warning and Error Messages ................B-1 SYNC OUT Automatic Settings ................. C-1 Factory System Defaults ..................D-1 Waveform Manager Plus..................E-1 Block Diagrams....................F-1 Front and Rear Panel Drawings ................G-1...
Page 150 281, 282, 284 Users Manual...
Page 151: Approved Fuse Types
6. Change the fuse to one of the correct rating according to the table below: Table 1-1. Approved Fuse Types Single-channel Two- and Four-channel model 281 models 282/284 For 230 V operation 250 mA (T) 250 V HRC 1 A (T) 250 V HRC...
Page 152: Mains Transformer Connections - Models 282 And 284
Users Manual Single Channel Model 281 shb0001f.emf Figure 1-1. Mains Transformer Connections - Model 281 for 230 V operation, connect the live (brown) wire to pin 15 for 115 V operation, connect the live (brown) wire to pin 14 for 100 V operation, connect the live (brown) wire to pin 13 Two- and Four-Channel Models 282 and 284 Figure 1-2.
Page 153: Warning And Error Messages
Appendix B Warning and Error Messages Warning and Error Messages Warning messages are given when a setting may not give the expected result, e.g. DC Offset attenuated by the output attenuator when a small amplitude is set; the setting is, however, implemented.
Page 154 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Numeric value too large - switching to sample period Error Messages 101 Frequency out of range for the selected waveform 102 Sample clock frequency required exceeds 40 MHz 103 Sample clock frequency required is less than 0.1 Hz...
Page 155 Appendices Warning and Error Messages 145 Selected mode is not available when phase lock master or slave 146 Cannot delete arbs while a sequence is running 147 Current set-up requires an arb wfm which does not exist 148 Trig/gate mode and seq step value cause a trigger conflict 149 Seq step value can't mix edge and level between segments 150 Number of pulses in train must be between 1 and 10 151 Pulse train base level must be >-5.0 V and <+5.0 V...
Page 156 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Remote Warnings 72 Length is different to that in the ARBDEF(CSV) command Remote Errors 120 Waveform limit value out of range 126 Illegal store number requested 162 Byte value outside the range 0 to 255...
Page 157: Sync Out Automatic Settings
Appendix C SYNC OUT Automatic Settings SYNC OUT Automatic Settings The following automatic source settings are made when (src) auto mode selected on the screen. SYNC OUTPUT SETUP Waveform Position Burst Sequence Sweep Phase MODE WAVEFORM Sync Marker Done Sync Trigger Trigger Lock...
Page 158 281, 282, 284 Users Manual...
Page 159: Factory System Defaults
Appendix D Factory System Defaults Factory System Defaults The factory system defaults are listed in full below. They can be recalled by pressing RECALL followed by or by the remote command *RST. All set defaults channels will be receive the same set-up. All channels default to the same settings. Main Parameters Std.
Page 160 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Spacing: Sweep Time: 50 ms Type: Continuous Sequence All segments set as follows: Status: Off except segment 1 Wfm: First arb Step ON Count Count: Arbitrary All unaffected by reset or *RST Other Filter Auto...
Page 161: Waveform Manager Plus
Appendix E Waveform Manager Plus Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Management Software The Waveform Manager Plus program allows construction, editing, exchange, translation and storage of many types of waveform data. It is compatible with many popular DSOs and waveform generation products. Waveforms may be generated by equation entry, freehand drawing, combining existing waveforms or any combinations of these methods.
Page 162 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Waveform Manager allows you to keep waveforms for different projects separate from each other on your hard drive. A project may be placed anywhere, in any directory (folder) and all waveform files for that project will be stored in a structure below that directory.
Page 163: F Block Diagrams
Appendix F Block Diagrams Block Diagrams Internal trigger generator Waveform end Trigger out to Ch(n-1) TRIG IN front panel BNC Position marker Trig in TRIGGERING Sequence end Trigger out from Ch(n -1) and Ch(n+1) Burst done Trigger out from Ch(n+1) Manual / remote trigger Lock out, routed via SYNC OUT BNC, if this...
Page 164 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Internal lock in Manual/remote trigger Internal trigger gen TRIG IN BNC SUM IN BNC MODULATION IN BNC Master clock I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I...
Page 165: Front And Rear Panel Drawings
Appendix G Front and Rear Panel Drawings Front Panel: Single-Channel Model 281 shb0013f.gif Figure 7-1. Front Panel - Model 281...
Page 166 281, 282, 284 Users Manual Front Panel: 2-Channel Model 282 shb0014f.gif Figure 7-2. Front Panel - Model 282 Front Panel: 4-Channel Model 284 shb0015f.gif Figure 7-3. Front Panel - Model 284...
Page 167 Appendices Front and Rear Panel Drawings Rear Panel: Single-Channel Model 281 shb0018f.gif Figure 7-4. Rear Panel - Model 281 Rear Panel: 2- and 4-Channel Models 282 and 284 shb0019f.gif Figure 7-5. Rear Panel - Models 282 and 284...
Page 168 281, 282, 284 Users Manual...
Page 169 Index , G-1 front-panel , 7-3 rear-panel —A— DTMF, 1-7, 8-4, 12-2 adding waveforms, 12-2 address —E— remote, 16-2, 16-3 amplitude modulation, 11-2 editing arb, 9-2 arbitrary waveform, 9-2 arbitrary waveform, 9-2 principles of, 4-3 error messages, 14-3 —B— —F— burst count, 7-4 features, 1-2 filter...
Page 170 clock, 1-8, 3-3 gated, 7-6 ext sum, 12-2 listen, 16-5 hold, 1-8, 3-4, 10-7 tone, 8-2 modulation, 1-8, 3-3, 11-3 triggered burst, 7-3 ref clock, 14-3 modes, 1-5 sum, 1-8, 3-3 modulation, 1-9, 11-2 trig, 1-8, 3-3 internal, 11-3 trig in, 11-3 mounting, 2-2 inter-channel modulation, 1-9...
Page 171 Index (continued) INTER-CH, 13-2 —T— MANUAL SWEEP FREQ, 6-5 tone, 8-2 MODE, 7-2 tone switching, 1-6 MODULATION, 11-2 trigger POSITION MARKER, 9-12 edge, 7-4 POWER ON SETTING, 14-4 external, 7-3 PULSE, 10-2 phase, 7-6 PULSE TRAIN, 10-4 source, 7-4 REF CLOCK I/O, 13-6 sync out, 7-7 REMOTE, 16-2 triggering, 1-10...
Page 173 ® 291, 292, 294 100 MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generators Users Manual March 2006 © 2006 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USA All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
Page 174 Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price.
Page 175 Safety This generator is a Safety Class I instrument according to IEC classification and has been designed to meet the requirements of EN61010-1:2001 (Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use). It is an Installation Category II instrument intended for operation from a normal single phase supply. This instrument has been tested in accordance with EN61010-1, CSA 22.2 No.
Page 176 20 mm button cell type 2032. Do not mix with solid waste stream. Do not cut open, incinerate, expose to temperatures above 60 °C or attempt to recharge. Used batteries should be disposed of by a qualified recycler or hazardous materials handler. Contact your authorized Fluke Service Center for recycling information. Caution Do not wet the instrument when cleaning it and in particular use only a soft dry cloth to clean the LCD window.
Page 177 EMC Compliance This instrument meets the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC. Compliance was demonstrated by meeting the test limits of the following standards: Emissions EN61326 (1998) EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use. Test limits used were: Radiated: Class A Conducted:...
Page 178 after opening the case for any reason ensure that all signal and ground connections are remade correctly before replacing the cover. Always ensure all case screws are correctly refitted and tightened. In the event of part replacement becoming necessary, only use components of an identical type, see the Service Manual.
Page 179 Table of Contents Chapter Title Page Safety....................i EMC Compliance ....................iii Emissions....................... iii Immunity ....................... iii Introduction and Specifications............1-1 Introduction......................1-2 Introduction......................1-2 Specifications..................... 1-4 Waveforms ....................1-4 Standard Waveforms................. 1-4 Arbitrary Waveforms ................1-5 Sequence ....................1-5 Output Filter ....................
Page 180 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Inter-Channel Modulation:................ 1-9 Inter-Channel Analog Summing: .............. 1-10 Inter-Channel Synchronization: ..............1-10 Inter-Channel Triggering: ................. 1-10 Interfaces ....................... 1-11 General ......................1-11 Installation ................... 2-1 AC Supply Voltage.................... 2-2 Fuse ....................... 2-2 AC Supply Cable................... 2-2 Mounting......................
Page 181 Contents (continued) Sweep Operation ................. 6-1 General....................... 6-2 Principles of Sweep Operation ..............6-2 Connections for Sweep Operation..............6-2 Setting sweep parameters................... 6-2 Sweep Range ....................6-3 Sweep Time ....................6-3 Sweep Type ....................6-4 Sweep Spacing....................6-5 Sweep Marker....................6-5 Sweep Hold ....................
Page 182 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Block Copy ....................9-8 Waveform Amplitude................9-9 Waveform Offset..................9-10 Wave Invert....................9-10 Position Markers ..................9-10 Arbitrary Waveform Sequence ................9-11 Sequence Set-Up ................... 9-12 Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms ......9-13 Frequency ......................
Page 183 Contents (continued) System Operations from the Utility Menu ......... 15-1 Introduction......................15-2 Channel Waveform Information ................ 15-2 Warnings and Error Messages ................15-2 Remote Interface Set-Up..................15-2 SYS/REF Clock In/Out and System Clock Setting ........... 15-2 Power On Setting ....................15-3 System Information....................
Page 184: Figure Title Page
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Modulation Commands................17-19 Synchronizing Commands ................ 17-19 Status Commands..................17-19 Miscellaneous Commands ................ 17-21 Remote Command Summary................17-22 Maintenance..................18-1 Introduction......................18-2 Cleaning ......................18-2 Appendices A AC Supply Voltage ..................A-1 B Warning and Error Messages ..............B-1 C SYNC OUT Automatic Settings ..............
Page 185 Chapter 1 Introduction and Specifications Title Page Introduction......................1-2 Specifications..................... 1-4 Waveforms ....................1-4 Standard Waveforms................. 1-4 Arbitrary Waveforms ................1-5 Sequence ....................1-5 Output Filter ....................1-5 Noise ......................1-5 Operating modes.................... 1-6 Triggered Burst ..................1-6 Gated ......................1-6 Sweep ......................
Page 186 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction This range of synthesized programmable arbitrary waveform generators have the following features: • 1, 2 or 4 independent arb channels • Additional DC to 50MHz fixed amplitude sine and squarewave outputs on 2- and 4-channel instruments •...
Page 187: Introduction
Introduction and Specifications Introduction All waveforms can be swept over their full frequency range at a rate variable between 1 millisecond and 15 minutes. Sweep can be linear or logarithmic, single or continuous. Single sweeps can be triggered from the front panel, the trigger input, or the digital interfaces.
Page 188: Specifications
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Specifications Specifications apply at 18 to 28 ºC after 30 minutes warm-up, at maximum output into 50 Ω. Waveforms Standard Waveforms Sine, square, triangle, DC, positive ramp, negative ramp, sin(x)/x, pulse, pulse train, cosine, haversine and havercosine. Sine, Cosine, Haversine, Havercosine Range: 0·1 mHz to 40 MHz...
Page 189: Arbitrary Waveforms
Introduction and Specifications Specifications Pulse and Pulse Train 2.5 mV to 10V p-p into 50 Ω Output level: Rise and fall times: <8 ns Period: range: 40 ns to 100 s resolution: 8 digits accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year Delay: −99·99 s to +99·99 s range:...
Page 190: Operating Modes
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Operating modes Triggered Burst Each active edge of the trigger signal will produce one burst of the waveform. Carrier waveforms: All standard and arbitrary Maximum carrier frequency: The smaller of 2.5 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform.
Page 191: Tone Switching
Introduction and Specifications Specifications Multi channel sweep Any number of channels may be swept simultaneously with independent sweep parameters for each channel. Amplitude, Offset and Waveform can be set independently for each channel. Tone Switching Capability provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms. Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to allow instantaneous frequency switching.
Page 192: Sync Output
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Resolution: 3 digits or 1 mV for both amplitude and dc offset. Sync Output - one for each channel Multifunction output user definable or automatically selected to be any of the following: Waveform sync (all A square wave with 50 % duty cycle at the main waveforms): waveform frequency, or a pulse coincident with the first...
Page 193: Sum In
Introduction and Specifications Specifications Input impedance: Typically 1 kΩ. Sum In Frequency range: DC to 30 MHz (25 MHz on 2- and 4-channel instruments) Signal range: Approximately 2 V p-p input for 20 V p-p output; maximum input ±10 V. Input impedance: Typically 1 kΩ.
Page 194: Inter-Channel Analog Summing
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Modulation source: Internal from the previous channel; external from modulation input socket. The external modulation signal may be applied to any number of channels simultaneously. Frequency range: DC to >100 kHz. Internal AM: depth: 0 % to 105 % resolution: 1 %.
Page 195: Interfaces
Introduction and Specifications Specifications The previous/next connections can be used to daisy chain a trigger signal from a start channel, through a number of channels in the chain to an end channel. Each channel receives the trigger out signal from the previous (or next) channel, and drives its selected trigger out to the next (or previous) channel.
Page 196 291, 292, 294 Users Manual 1-12...
Page 197 Chapter 2 Installation Title Page AC Supply Voltage.................... 2-2 Fuse ....................... 2-2 AC Supply Cable................... 2-2 Mounting......................2-2 Ventilation ......................2-2...
Page 198: Ac Supply Voltage
291, 292, 294 Users Manual AC Supply Voltage Check that the instrument operating voltage marked on the rear panel is correct for the local supply. If it is necessary to change the operating voltage, follow the procedure described in Appendix A. Fuse Ensure that the correct mains fuse is fitted for the set operating voltage.
Page 199: Connections
Chapter 3 Connections Title Page Front panel connections ..................3-2 MAIN OUT ....................3-2 SYNC OUT ....................3-2 TRIG IN ......................3-3 SUM IN ......................3-3 MODULATION .................... 3-3 Rear Panel Connections ..................3-3 REF CLOCK IN/OUT................... 3-3 HOLD IN....................... 3-3 ARB CLOCK IN/OUT..................
Page 200: Front Panel Connections
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Front panel connections MAIN OUT (1 per channel) MAIN OUT is the 50 Ω output from the channel's main generator. It will provide up to 20 V p-p into an open circuit or 10 V p-p into a matched 50 Ω load. It can tolerate a short circuit for 60 seconds.
Page 201: Trig In
Connections Rear Panel Connections TRIG IN This is the external input for trigger, gate, sweep and sequence operations. It is also the input used to synchronize the generator as a slave to another generator which is the master. Caution Do not apply an external voltage exceeding ±10 V. SUM IN This is the input socket for external signal summing.
Page 202: Arb Clock In/Out
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Caution Do not apply an external voltage exceeding ±10 V. ARB CLOCK IN/OUT Set to an input, this is the input for a user-supplied ARB clock in the frequency range dc to 50 MHz. Set to an output, it outputs the system clock at TTL/CMOS compatible logic levels. Caution Do not apply an external voltage exceeding + 5 V or –1 V.
Page 203: Gpib (Ieee-488)
Connections Rear Panel Connections GPIB (IEEE-488) The GPIB interface is not isolated; the GPIB signal grounds are connected to the instrument ground. The implemented subsets are: SH1, AH1, T6, TE0, L4, LE0, SR1, RL1, PP1, DC1, DT1, C0, E2. The GPIB address is set from the remote menu on the UTILITY screen; see "System Operations from the Utility Menu".
Page 204 291, 292, 294 Users Manual...
Page 205: Initial Operation
Chapter 4 Initial Operation Title Page Introduction......................4-2 Initial Operation....................4-2 Switching On ....................4-2 Display Contrast .................... 4-2 Keyboard ....................... 4-2 Principles of Editing ..................4-3 Principles of Operation ..................4-5 Clock Synthesis Mode................... 4-5 DDS Mode..................... 4-6...
Page 206: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction This section is a general introduction to the organization and principles of the instrument and is intended to be read before using the generator for the first time. Detailed operation is covered in later sections starting with "Standard Waveform Operation". In this Users Manual front panel keys and sockets are shown in capitals, e.g.
Page 207: Principles Of Editing
Initial Operation Principles of Editing • FREQuency, AMPLitude, OFFSET and MODE keys display screens which permit their respective parameters to be edited either from the numeric keypad or using the rotary control/cursor keys. • Numeric keys permit direct entry of a value for the parameter currently selected. Values are accepted in three formats: integer (20), floating point (20·0) and exponential (2 EXP 1).
Page 208 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Note On multi-channel instruments the channel to be edited must first be selected by pressing the appropriate SETUP key; the lamp lights beside the SETUP key of the channel currently enabled for editing. A diamond beside a screen item indicates that it is selectable; hollow diamonds ( ) identify deselected items and filled diamonds ( ) denote selected items.
Page 209: Single-Channel Simplified Block Diagram
Initial Operation Principles of Operation Thus for STANDARD FREQUENCY set to 1.000000000 MHz rotating the control will change the frequency in 1 kHz steps. The display will autorange up or down as the frequency is changed, provided that autoranging permits the increment size to be maintained;...
Page 210: Direct Digital Synthesis Mode
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Arbitrary waveforms have a user defined length of 8 to 1,048,576 points. Square waves use a fixed length of 2 points and pulse and pulse train have their length defined by the user selected period value. DDS Mode In DDS mode all waveforms are stored in RAM as 4096 points.
Page 211 Chapter 5 Standard Waveforms Title Page Introduction......................5-2 Standard Waveform Operation ................5-2 Setting Generator Parameters ................5-2 Waveform Selection ..................5-2 Frequency ...................... 5-2 Amplitude ...................... 5-3 DC Offset ...................... 5-4 Warning and Error Messages................5-5 Synchronization Output ..................5-6...
Page 212: Standard Waveforms
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction This section deals with the use of the instrument as a standard function generator, i.e. generating sine, square, triangle, dc, ramp, haversine, cosine, havercosine and sin(x)/x waveforms. All but the square wave are generated by DDS which gives 10-digit frequency resolution;...
Page 213: Amplitude
Standard Waveforms Setting Generator Parameters entered as 12340, 12340·00, or 1·234 exp 4 etc. However, the display will always show the entry in the most appropriate engineering units, in this case 12·34000000 kHz. With period selected instead of freq the frequency can be set in terms of a period, for example 123·4 µs can be entered as·0001234 or 123·4 exp -6;...
Page 214: Dc Offset
291, 292, 294 Users Manual DC Offset Pressing the OFFSET key gives the DC OFFSET screen: DC OFFSET: program +0.00 mVdc (actual +0.00 mVdc) load:hiZ The offset can be entered directly from the keyboard in integer, floating point or exponential format, for example 100 mV can be entered as 0.001 or as 100 exp -3, etc. The display will always show the entry in the most appropriate engineering units, in this case 100 mV.
Page 215: Warning And Error Messages
Standard Waveforms Warning and Error Messages DC OFFSET: program +1.50 (actual +151 mVdc) load: hiZ The above display shows that the set dc offset is +1.50 V but the actual offset is +151 mV. Note The actual offset value also takes into account the true attenuation provided by the fixed attenuator, using the values determined during the calibration procedure.
Page 216: Synchronization Output
291, 292, 294 Users Manual 2. Entering an amplitude of 25 V p-p. The error message: Maximum output level exceeded is shown. 3. Entering a dc offset of 20 V. The error message: Maximum DC offset exceeded is shown. The messages remain on the display for approximately two seconds. The last two messages can be viewed again by pressing the last error…...
Page 217 Standard Waveforms Synchronization Output SYNC OUT output: on mode: auto src: waveform sync SYNC OUT is turned on and off by alternate presses of the output soft-key. The selection of the signal to be output from the SYNC OUT socket is made using the src (source) soft-key;...
Page 218 291, 292, 294 Users Manual...
Page 219: Sweep Operation
Chapter 6 Sweep Operation Title Page General....................... 6-2 Principles of Sweep Operation ..............6-2 Connections for Sweep Operation..............6-2 Setting sweep parameters................... 6-2 Sweep Range ....................6-3 Sweep Time ....................6-3 Sweep Type ....................6-4 Sweep Spacing....................6-5 Sweep Marker....................6-5 Sweep Hold ....................
Page 220: General
291, 292, 294 Users Manual General Principles of Sweep Operation All standard and arbitrary waveforms can be swept with the exception of pulse, pulse- train and sequence. During sweep all waveforms are generated in DDS mode because this offers the significant advantage of phase-continuous sweeps over a very wide frequency range (up to 10 :1).
Page 221: Sweep Range
Sweep Operation Setting sweep parameters Menus for setting up the range, time (sweep rate), type (continuous, triggered, etc.) spacing (lin/log) and marker position are all accessed from this screen using the appropriate soft key. Sweep mode itself is turned on and off with alternate presses of the on/off soft key;...
Page 222: Sweep Type
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Sweep Type Pressing the type… soft key calls the SWEEP TYPE screen. SWEEP TYPE: continuous direction: up sync: on done This screen is used to set the sweep mode (continuous; triggered; trig'd, hold/reset) and the sweep direction. Successive presses of the direction soft key select one of the following sweep directions: start frequency to stop frequency.
Page 223: Sweep Spacing
Sweep Operation Setting sweep parameters Sweep Spacing Pressing the spacing… soft key on the SWEEP SETUP screen calls the SWEEP SPACING screen. SWEEP SPACING: logarithmic linear done With linear selected the sweep changes the frequency at a linear rate; with logarithmic selected the sweep spends an equal time in each frequency decade.
Page 224 291, 292, 294 Users Manual...
Page 225 Chapter 7 Triggered Burst and Gate Title Page General....................... 7-2 Internal Trigger Generator................7-2 External Trigger Input ................... 7-2 Adjacent Channel Trigger Output ..............7-3 Triggered Burst ....................7-3 Trigger Source ....................7-4 Trigger Edge....................7-4 Burst Count....................7-4 Start Phase ..................... 7-5 Manual Initialization of Inter-Channel Triggering ........
Page 226: General
291, 292, 294 Users Manual General Triggered burst and gated modes are selected from the MODE screen, called by the MODE key, as alternatives to the default continuous mode. MODE: continuous gated setup… triggered setup… In triggered burst mode a defined number of cycles are generated following each trigger event.
Page 227: Adjacent Channel Trigger Output
Triggered Burst and Gate Triggered Burst to +5·0 V by direct keyboard entry or by using the rotary control. In triggered burst mode the input is edge sensitive; the selected edge of each external trigger initiates the specified burst. In gated mode the input is level sensitive; the output of the main generator is on whilst the gate signal is true.
Page 228: Trigger Source
291, 292, 294 Users Manual screen on which the burst count and start phase are set. The other trigger parameters are set on the TRIGGER IN set-up screen called by pressing the TRIG IN key. source: int force slope: positive level: +1.4 V period: 1.00ms...
Page 229: Start Phase
Triggered Burst and Gate Triggered Burst Start Phase The start phase, i.e. the point on the waveform cycle at which the burst starts, can be selected by pressing the phase soft key followed by direct entries from the keyboard or by using the rotary control. Since the waveform cycle is always completed at the end of the burst the start phase is also the stop phase.
Page 230: Gated Mode
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Gated mode Gated mode is turned on with the gated soft key on the MODE screen. The setup... soft key on this screen accesses the TRIGGER/GATE SETUP screen on which the start phase is set. The other parameters associated with gated mode are set on the TRIGGER IN set-up screen called by pressing the TRIG IN key.
Page 231: Sync Out In Triggered Burst And Gated Modes
Triggered Burst and Gate Sync Out in Triggered Burst and Gated Modes The phase can be set with a precision of 0·1 ° but the actual resolution is limited with some waveforms and at certain waveform frequencies as detailed below. To indicate when this is the case the actual phase is shown in brackets as a non-editable field below the programmed value.
Page 232 291, 292, 294 Users Manual...
Page 233: Tone Mode
Chapter 8 Tone Mode Title Page Introduction......................8-2 Tone Frequency ..................... 8-2 Tone Type...................... 8-2 Tone Switching Source.................. 8-3 DTMF Testing With Two Sources ..............8-3...
Page 234: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction In tone mode the output is stepped through a user-defined list of up to 16 frequencies under the control of the signal set by the source soft key on the TRIGGER IN set-up screen. This signal can be the internal trigger generator, an external trigger input, the front panel MAN TRIG key or a remote command.
Page 235: Tone Waveform Types
Tone Mode Introduction there can be an off period between successive frequencies whilst the gate signal is not true. With type set to fsk the frequency changes instantaneously (and phase- continuously) at each occurrence of the signal edge specified in the source and slope fields on the TRIGGER IN screen without completing the current waveform cycle;...
Page 236 291, 292, 294 Users Manual It is also possible to set up DTMF testing using two single channel instruments triggered by a common external signal and summed using the external SUM capability.
Page 237: Arbitrary Waveform Generation
Chapter 9 Arbitrary Waveform Generation Title Page Introduction......................9-2 Arbitrary Waveform Terms ................9-2 Principles of Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Modification...... 9-2 Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms ..........9-3 Creating New Waveforms ................9-4 Create Blank Waveform................9-4 Create Waveform Copy................9-4 Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms..............
Page 238: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction Arbitrary (arb) waveforms are generated by sequentially addressing the RAM containing the waveform data with the arbitrary clock. The frequency of the arb waveform is determined both by the arb clock and the total number of data points in the cycle. In this instrument an arb waveform can have up to 1,048,576 horizontal points.
Page 239: Selecting And Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms These steps are fully described in the Creating New Waveforms and Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms sections which follow. Waveform creation using waveform design software also consists of two steps: 1. Creating the waveform using the software on a PC. 2.
Page 240: Creating New Waveforms
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Creating New Waveforms Pressing the CREATE key calls the CREATE NEW WAVEFORM screen. CREATE NEW WAVEFORM create blank… create from copy… Create Blank Waveform Pressing the create blank… soft key calls the menu: create: "WFM1 "...
Page 241: Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms The horizontal size of the waveform being copied does not have to be the same as the waveform being created. When the waveform is copied, by pressing the create soft key, the software compresses or expands the source waveform to create the copy. When the source is expanded the copy has additional interpolated points;...
Page 242: Rename Waveform
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Rename Waveform Pressing the rename… soft key on the MODIFY screen calls the Rename screen: Rename: WFM1 as: "WFM2 " cancel rename The new name can be entered below the original by selecting the appropriate character position with the cursor keys and then setting the character with the rotary control which scrolls through all the alphanumeric characters in sequence.
Page 243: Edit Waveform
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms Edit Waveform Pressing the edit wfm… soft key calls the EDIT FUNCTIONS menu: EDIT FUNCTIONS: point edit… line draw… wave insert… This menu provides functions which permit the waveform to be edited point-by-point (point edit), by drawing lines between two points (line draw) or by inserting all or part of an existing waveform into the waveform being edited (wave insert).
Page 244: Wave Insert
291, 292, 294 Users Manual default frm address is the first point on the waveform or the point most recently edited if point edit has been used. Set the from address and value by pressing the appropriate soft key and making an entry direct from the keyboard or by using the rotary control;...
Page 245: Waveform Amplitude
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms Press copy to implement the copy. During the two stage block copy process the screen displays the message processing file - please wait and shows a progress bar. During the first stage the block to be copied is created as a temporary file with the same name as the main file but with a $$$ extension;...
Page 246: Waveform Offset
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Waveform Offset Pressing the wave offset soft key initiates the creation of a temporary copy of the waveform to be edited and calls the WAVE OFFSET screen. WAVE OFFSET: +0000 0000000 to 0000123 undo set offset save &...
Page 247: Arbitrary Waveform Sequence
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Arbitrary Waveform Sequence POSITION MARKER EDIT adrs: 0000000 <0> patterns… exit clear all Position markers are output from SYNC OUT when the source (src) is set to pos’n marker on the SYNC OUTPUT SETUP screen. Position markers can be set at any or all of the addresses of a waveform either individually, using the adrs (address) soft key, or as a pattern, using the patterns…...
Page 248: Sequence Set-Up
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Pressing the SEQUENCE key calls the initial SEQUENCE screen: SEQUENCE segs= sequence setup… stop A previously-defined sequence can be run and stopped from this screen using the run and stop soft keys; sequence can also be switched on from the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen with the sequence soft key.
Page 249: Frequency And Amplitude Control With Arbitrary Waveforms
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms chapter 7, Triggered Burst and Gate. At each trigger the current waveform cycle plus one further whole cycle are completed before the waveform of the next segment is started. If trig level is selected the sequence runs continuously through each segment in turn (one cycle per segment) while the trigger level is true.
Page 250 291, 292, 294 Users Manual on a single channel instrument, or ARB FREQUENCY: ext source: ext arb clk freq: 10.0000000kHz on a multi-channel instrument. It is then possible to select the source to be either an external signal on the ARB CLOCK IN/OUT socket or the internal system clock; see the Reference Clock IN/OUT and System Clock Setting sections of Chapter 15, System Operations from the Utility Menu for the use of and frequency setting for the system clock.
Page 251: Amplitude
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Sync Out Settings with Arbitrary Waveforms Amplitude Pressing the AMPLitude key with an arbitrary waveform selected calls the AMPLITUDE screen. AMPLITUDE: +20·0 Vpp load:hiZ This differs from the AMPLITUDE screen for standard waveforms in that amplitude can now only be entered in volts peak-to-peak.
Page 252: Output Filter Setting
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Output Filter Setting The output filter type is automatically chosen by the software to give the best signal quality for the selected waveform. The choice can, however, be overridden by the user and this is most probably a requirement with arbitrary waveforms. To change the filter, press the FILTER key to call the FILTER SETUP screen: FILTER SETUP mode: auto...
Page 253: Pulse And Pulse-Trains
Chapter 10 Pulse and Pulse-trains Title Page Introduction......................10-2 Pulse Set-Up ...................... 10-2 Pulse-Train Set-Up .................... 10-4 Waveform Hold in Pulse and Pulse-Train Modes ..........10-8 10-1...
Page 254: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction Pulse and pulse-trains are both selected and set-up from independent menus on the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen called by pressing the STD key. Pulse and pulse- trains have similar timing set-ups and considerations but pulses are only unipolar, with a maximum amplitude of 10 V p-p, whereas pulse-trains can be bipolar, with a maximum peak-to-peak of 20 V p-p.
Page 255 Pulse and Pulse-trains Pulse Set-Up waveform sync. Pressing the done soft key on this screen returns the display to the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen. The means by which pulse period is set-up in the hardware requires an understanding because it affects the setting resolution of both pulse width and delay. Pulse is actually a particular form of arbitrary waveform made up of between 4 and 100,000 points;...
Page 256: Pulse-Train Set-Up
291, 292, 294 Users Manual ARB CLOCK IN/OUT socket, or to the system clock on multi-channel instruments. To select external clock mode press the PULSE PERIOD soft key on the PULSE PERIOD screen (or the PULSE FREQ soft key on the PULSE FREQ screen) to change from internal to external clock.
Page 257 Pulse and Pulse-trains Pulse-Train Set-Up Pressing next on any screen calls the next set-up screen, finally returning the display to the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen from which pulse-train can be turned on and off. Pressing done returns the display directly to the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen from any set up screen.
Page 258 291, 292, 294 Users Manual The pulse level can be set on this screen between -5·0 V and +5·0 V by direct keyboard entries or by using the rotary control. As with the baseline level described above the set pulse levels are only output if the amplitude setting is set to maximum (10 V p-p into 50Ω) on the AMPLITUDE screen and terminated in 50 Ω.
Page 259 Pulse and Pulse-trains Pulse-Train Set-Up generator, the individual pulse widths and delays are adjusted proportionally to the period as the period is changed. Period can also be changed from the PULSE-TRN PERIOD screen called by pressing the FREQ key with pulse-train mode selected: PULS-TRN PER: int 100·00000 us freq...
Page 260: Waveform Hold In Pulse And Pulse-Train Modes
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Note that the pulse-train waveform will continue to run from the internal clock until the instrument receives the first rising edge of the external clock; at that point the hardware switches over to the external source. In external clock mode the period of the pulse-train waveform is determined by the number of points in the waveform multiplied by the period of the external clock.
Page 261: Modulation
Chapter 11 Modulation Title Page Introduction......................11-2 External VCA ....................11-2 External SCM ....................11-3 Internal Modulation ................... 11-3 11-1...
Page 262: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction Both internal and external modulation can be selected. External modulation can be applied to any or all channels. Internal modulation uses the previous channel as the modulation source, e.g. channel 2 can be used to modulate channel 3; internal modulation is not available on channel 1 or on a single channel instrument.
Page 263: External Scm
Modulation Internal Modulation gives warnings when the combination of modulation depth and amplitude setting cause waveform clipping (see Internal Modulation section), it is up to the user to observe the waveforms when using external VCA and to make adjustments if the waveform is clipping.
Page 264 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Warnings are given when either a modulation depth or output amplitude change has caused clipping; the new setting is accepted but it must either be changed back or the other parameter must also be changed to avoid the contention. When SCM is selected the screen has an additional soft-key labeled level;...
Page 265: Sum
Chapter 12 Title Page Introduction......................12-2 External Sum...................... 12-2 Internal Sum....................... 12-3 12-1...
Page 266: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction Both internal and external Sum can be selected; summing can be used to add ‘noise’ to a waveform, for example, or to add two signals for DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) testing. External sum can be applied to any or all channels. Internal sum uses the previous channel as the source, so that for example channel 2 can be added into channel 3;...
Page 267: Internal Sum
Internal Sum mid-range then the SUM signal needed to force the output to range maximum is halved to approximately 1 V p-p. To facilitate the setting of appropriate sum and amplitude levels the output amplitude of the selected channel can also be changed from the SUM set-up screen. Press the CHx soft-key and adjust the amplitude with direct keyboard entries or by using the rotary control.
Page 268 291, 292, 294 Users Manual 12-4...
Page 269: Synchronizing
Chapter 13 Synchronizing Title Page Introduction......................13-2 Inter-Channel Synchronization ................13-2 Synchronizing Principles................13-2 Master-Slave Allocation ................13-2 Phase-Setting Between Channels ..............13-4 Other Synchronizing Considerations............. 13-4 Synchronizing two generators................13-5 Connections for Synchronization ..............13-6 Generator Set-Ups ..................13-6 Synchronizing....................
Page 270: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction Two or more channels in one multi-channel generator can be synchronized together and precise phase differences can be set between the channels. Two separate generators can also be synchronized, giving a maximum of 8 channels that can be operated synchronously.
Page 271 Synchronizing Inter-Channel Synchronization The mode soft-key can be used to select between independent, master, master/freq and slave; the default mode is independent. Only one master can be set; more than one master can be selected but when synchronization is turned on with the status soft-key the set-up will be rejected. Master/freq selects the master and sets frequency-tracking;...
Page 272: Phase-Setting Between Channels
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Phase-Setting Between Channels The inter-channel set-up screen also has a field for setting up the phase of the slaves with respect to the master: mode: indep phase: +000.0º (actual: +000.0º status: off view Selecting the phase soft-key allows the phase to be set by direct keyboard entry or by rotary control.
Page 273: Synchronizing Two Generators
Synchronizing Synchronizing two generators • Pulse and pulse train waveforms will synchronize to other pulse and pulse-train waveforms (and with each other) but should be built with equal periods. • Arb waveforms should be the same length (although this is not forced and does not create an error message).
Page 274: Connections For Synchronization
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Connections for Synchronization The clock connection arrangement is for the rear panel REF CLOCK IN/OUT of the master (which will be set to master) to be connected directly to the REF CLOCK IN/OUT socket of the slave (which will be set to slave). Similarly the synchronizing connection is from any SYNC OUT of the master, which all default to phase lock, to the TRIG IN input of the slave.
Page 275: Synchronizing
Synchronizing Synchronizing two generators Hardware delays become increasingly significant as frequency increases, causing additional phase delay between the master and slave. However, these delays can be largely nulled out by ‘backing off’ the phase settings of the slave. Typically these hardware delays are as follows: DDS waveforms: <±...
Page 276 291, 292, 294 Users Manual 13-8...
Page 277 Chapter 14 Memory Card Title Page Introduction......................14-2 Card Sizes and Formats ..................14-2 Formatting......................14-3 Saving Files to a Memory Card ................. 14-3 Avoiding Long Filenames ................14-3 Storing and Recalling Set-Ups................14-3 Sorting Files....................... 14-5 14-1...
Page 278: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction Pressing the UTILITY key calls a list of menus which give access to various system operations including storing/recalling set-ups from a memory card, error messages, power on settings and calibration. The instrument uses compact flash memory cards, i.e. cards that comply with the Compact Flash Association standard.
Page 279: Formatting
Memory Card Formatting where waveforms are stored, and \SETUP.ARB, where instrument set-ups are stored. The instrument will use these directories exclusively for its files. Each directory may hold up to 510 files, disk capacity permitting. If more than 510 files are stored in these directories some will be invisible to the instrument because its directory cache buffers are a finite size.
Page 280 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Pressing STORE (or store…) calls the screen: Save to store: "SETUP22 " execute A unique store name must be entered using the left and right cursor keys and the rotary control. The left and right keys step the edit cursor through the eight possible character positions of the name and the rotary control is used to scroll through all possible character choices.
Page 281: Sorting Files
Memory Card Sorting Files Sorting Files To make it easier to find a particular set-up in a long list it is recommended that the set- ups on the card are first sorted into alphabetical order using the sort dir… soft key on the MEMORY CARD screen: DIRECTORY SORT sort waveforms...
Page 282 291, 292, 294 Users Manual 14-6...
Page 283: System Operations From The Utility Menu
Chapter 15 System Operations from the Utility Menu Title Page Introduction......................15-2 Channel Waveform Information ................ 15-2 Warnings and Error Messages ................15-2 Remote Interface Set-Up..................15-2 SYS/REF Clock In/Out and System Clock Setting ........... 15-2 Power On Setting ....................15-3 System Information....................
Page 284: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction Pressing the UTILITY key calls a list of menus which give access to various system operations including storing/recalling set-ups from a memory card, error messages, power on settings and calibration. Each of the following operations is accessed by pressing the appropriate soft key on the UTILITY MENU.
Page 285: Power On Setting
System Operations from the Utility Menu Power On Setting The ARB CLOCK IN/OUT socket is set to input by setting sys clk to off and to an output by setting it to on. When sys clk is on (set to output) it is also used as the external clock when a channel is set to use an external arb clock.
Page 286: Calibration
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Calibration Pressing calibration calls the calibration routine, as described in chapter 16, Calibration. Copying Channel Set-Ups An easy way of copying complete channel set-ups (waveform, frequency, amplitude, etc.) is accessed by pressing the COPY CHannel key: copy channel: 1 to channel: execute...
Page 287 Chapter 16 Calibration Title Page Introduction......................16-2 Equipment Required ..................16-2 Calibration Procedure ..................16-2 Setting the Password..................16-2 Password Access to Calibration ..............16-3 Changing the Password ................. 16-3 Calibration Routine.................... 16-3 Remote Calibration .................... 16-6 16-1...
Page 288: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction All parameters can be calibrated without opening the instrument case; the generator offers ‘closed-box’ calibration. All adjustments are made digitally with calibration constants stored in EEPROM. The calibration routine requires only a digital voltmeter (DVM) and a frequency counter and takes no more than a few minutes.
Page 289: Password Access To Calibration
Calibration Calibration Routine Enter a 4-digit password from the keyboard; the display will show the message NEW PASSWORD STORED! for two seconds and then revert to the UTILITY menu. If any keys other than the numeric keys 0 to 9 are pressed while entering the password the message ILLEGAL PASSWORD! will be shown.
Page 290 291, 292, 294 Users Manual The full procedure (for the 4-channel instrument) is as follows: CAL 03 CH1 DC offset zero. Adjust for 0 V ±5 mV CAL 04 CH1 DC offset at + full scale. Adjust for +10 V ±10 mV CAL 05 CH1 DC offset at −...
Page 291 Calibration Calibration Routine CAL 56 CH2 Level 35 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 57 CH2 Level 37·5 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 58 CH2 Level 40 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 59 CH3 DC offset zero. Adjust for 0 V ±5 mV CAL 60 CH3 DC offset at + full scale.
Page 292: Remote Calibration
291, 292, 294 Users Manual CAL 111 CH4 Level 32·5 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 112 CH4 Level 35 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 113 CH4 Level 37·5 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 114 CH4 Level 40 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 115 Clock calibrate...
Page 293 Chapter 17 Remote Operation Title Page Introduction......................17-2 Address and Baud Rate Selection ..............17-2 Remote/Local Operation..................17-2 RS232 interface....................17-3 Single Instrument RS232 Connections............17-3 Addressable RS232 Connections..............17-3 RS232 Character Set..................17-4 Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes ..........17-4 Full List of Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes ......
Page 294: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction The instrument can be remotely controlled via its RS232, USB or GPIB interfaces. When using RS232 it can either be the only instrument connected to the controller or it can be part of an addressable RS232 system which permits up to 32 instruments to be addressed from one RS232 port.
Page 295: Single Instrument Rs232 Connections
Remote Operation RS232 interface RS232 interface The 9-way D-type serial interface connector is located on the instrument rear panel. The pin connections are as shown in chapter 3, Connections. Single Instrument RS232 Connections For single instrument remote control only pins 2, 3 and 5 are connected to the PC. However, for correct operation links must be made in the connector at the PC end between pins 1, 4 and 6 and between pins 7 and 8;...
Page 296: Rs232 Daisy-Chain Connector Wiring
291, 292, 294 Users Manual 9-WAY D 9-WAY D FEMALE MALE UP TOWARDS DOWN TOWARDS CONTROLLER OTHER INSTRUMENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9-WAY D INSTRUMENT CONNECTOR MALE TX RX TXIN RXOUT shc0012f.emf Figure 17-3. RS232 Daisy-Chain Connector Wiring All instruments on the interface must be set to the same baud rate and all must be powered on, otherwise instruments further down the daisy chain will not receive any data or commands.
Page 297 Remote Operation RS232 interface return to non-addressable mode the Lock Non-Addressable mode control code must be sent which will disable addressable mode until the instruments are powered off. Before an instrument is sent a command it must be addressed to listen by sending the Listen Address control code, 12H, followed by a single character which has the lower 5 bits corresponding to the unique address of the required instrument, e.g.
Page 298: Full List Of Addressable Rs232 Interface Control Codes
The USB interface allows the instrument to be controlled via a PC’s USB port. The instrument is supplied with a CD-ROM containing drivers for various versions of Windows, including Win98 and 2000. Any driver updates are available via the Fluke web site, http://www.fluke.com. The CD-ROM also contains a .pdf file with information and details of the software installation procedure.
Page 299: Gpib Subsets
Remote Operation GPIB Interface GPIB Subsets This instrument contains the following IEEE 488.1 subsets: Source Handshake Acceptor Handshake Talker Listener Service Request Remote Local Parallel Poll Device Clear Device Trigger Controller Electrical Interface GPIB IEEE Std. 488.2 Error Handling The IEEE 488.2 UNTERMINATED error (addressed to talk with nothing to say) is handled as follows.
Page 300: Status Reporting
291, 292, 294 Users Manual The bits in the PPE command are as follows: bit 7 = don't care bit 6 = parallel poll enable bit 5 = bit 4 = bit 3 = sense sense of the response bit; 0 = low, 1 = high bit 2 = bit 1 = bit position of the response...
Page 301: Status Model
Remote Operation Status Reporting Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register These two registers are implemented as required by the IEEE std. 488.2. Any bits set in the Status Byte Register which correspond to bits set in the Service Request Enable Register will cause the RQS/MSS bit to be set in the Status Byte Register, thus generating a Service Request on the bus.
Page 302: Power-On Settings
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Power-On Settings The following instrument status values are set at power-on: Status Byte Register Service Request Enable Register † Standard Event Status Register = 128 (pon bit set) Standard Event Status Enable Register † Execution Error Register Query Error Register Parallel Poll Enable Register †...
Page 303: Gpib Remote Command Formats
Remote Operation Remote commands The commands are not case-sensitive. GPIB Remote Command Formats GPIB input to the instrument is buffered in a 256 byte input queue which is filled, under interrupt, in a manner transparent to all other instrument operations. The queue contains raw (un-parsed) data which is taken by the parser as required.
Page 304: Channel Selection
291, 292, 294 Users Manual <rmt> <RESPONSE MESSAGE TERMINATOR> <CHARACTER PROGRAM DATA>: a short mnemonic or string such as ON or <cpd> OFF. A number in any format. For example, 12, 12.00, 1.2 e 1 and 120 e-1 <nrf> are all accepted as the number 12. Any number, when received, is converted to the required precision consistent with the use, then rounded up to obtain the value of the command.
Page 305: Waveform Selection
Remote Operation Remote commands Waveform Selection Select the output waveform as <SINE>, WAVE <cpd> <SQUARE>, <TRIANG>, <DC>, <POSRMP>, <NEGRMP>, <COSINE>, <HAVSIN>, <HAVCOS>, <SINC>, <PULSE>, <PULSTRN>, <ARB> or <SEQ>. Set the pulse period to <nrf> sec. PULSPER <nrf> Set the pulse width to <nrf> sec. PULSWID <nrf>...
Page 306 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Delete the arb <cpd> from channel memory. ARBCLR <cpd> The backup memory is not changed. Create a new, blank arbitrary waveform with ARBCREATE <cpd>,<nrf> name <cpd> and length <nrf> points. Define a new or existing arbitrary waveform ARBDEFCSV <cpd>,<nrf>, with name <cpd>...
Page 307: Arbitrary Waveform Editing
Remote Operation Remote commands Arbitrary Waveform Editing Care should be take to ensure that all channels in the instrument are running in CONTINUOUS mode before using commands from this section. Failure to observe this restriction may give unexpected results. Set the limits for the arbitrary waveform editing ARBEDLMTS <nrf1>,<nrf2>...
Page 308 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Returns the data from an existing arbitrary ARBDATACSV? <cpd> waveform. <cpd> must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform. The data consists of ascii coded values as specified for the ARBDATACSV command. The data is sent from the arbitrary waveform between the points specified by the ARBEDLMTS command.
Page 309: Waveform Sequence Control
Remote Operation Remote commands Block copy in arbitrary waveform <cpd> the ARBCOPY <cpd>,<nrf1>, data from start address <nrf1> to stop <nrf2>,<nrf3> address <nrf2> to destination address <nrf3>. Adjust the amplitude of arbitrary waveform ARBAMPL <cpd>,<nrf1>, <cpd> in the address range <nrf1> to <nrf2>,<nrf3>...
Page 310: Mode Commands
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Mode Commands Set the mode to <CONT>, <GATE>, <TRIG>, MODE <cpd> <SWEEP> or <TONE>. Set the burst count to <nrf>. BSTCNT <nrf> Set the generator phase to <nrf> degrees. PHASE <nrf> This parameter is used for setting the trigger/gate mode start/stop phase and the phase difference when synchronizing channels.
Page 311: Modulation Commands
Remote Operation Remote commands Force a trigger to the selected channel. FORCETRG Will function with any trigger source except MANUAL specified. Modulation Commands Set the modulation source to <OFF>, <EXT> MOD <cpd> or <PREV>. Set the modulation type to <AM> or <SCM>. MODTYPE <cpd>...
Page 312 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Returns the instrument identification. The exact IDN? response is determined by the instrument configuration and is of the form <NAME>, <model>, 0, <version><rmt>where <NAME> is the manufacturer’s name, <MODEL> defines the type of instrument and <VERSION>...
Page 313: Miscellaneous Commands
Remote Operation Remote commands Miscellaneous Commands Returns the complete set up of the instrument as LRN? a hexadecimal character data block. To re-install the set up the block should be returned to the instrument exactly as it is received. The syntax of the response is LRN <Character data><rmt>.
Page 314: Remote Command Summary
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Returns the instrument to local operation and LOCAL unlocks the keyboard. Will not function if LLO is in force. Returns the instrument's address. UCBID? Refer to chapter 16, Calibration, for remote calibration commands. Remote Command Summary Table 17-1.
Page 315 Remote Operation Remote Command Summary The generator has no self−test capability and TST? the response is always 0<rmt>. Wait for operation complete true. executed before the next is started Aborts a phase locking operation. ABORT Set the depth for amplitude modulation to AMDEPTH <nrf>...
Page 316 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Insert the standard waveform <cpd2> into ARBINSSTD <cpd1>,<cpd2>, the arbitrary waveform <cpd1> from start <nrf1>,<nrf2> address <nrf1> to stop address <nrf2>. Invert arbitrary waveform <cpd> between ARBINVERT <cpd>,<nrf1>, start address <nrf1> and stop address <nrf2> <nrf2>.
Page 317 Remote Operation Remote Command Summary Force a trigger to the selected channel. FORCETRG Set hold mode <ON>, <OFF>, <ENAB> or HOLD <cpd> <DISAB>. Set the channel synchronization mode to LOCKMODE <cpd> <INDEP>, <MASTER>, <FTRACK> or <SLAVE>. Set the channel synchronization status to LOCKSTAT <cpd>...
Page 318 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Set the width of pulse−train pulse number PULTRNWID <nrf1>,<nrf2> <nrf1> to <nrf2> sec. Query and clear query error number register. QER? Set the REF CLOCK IN/OUT to <IN>, REFCLK <cpd> <OUT>, <MASTER> or <SLAVE>. Set the level for SCM to <nrf> Volts. SCMLEVEL <nrf>...
Page 319 Remote Operation Remote Command Summary Set tone frequency number <nrf1> to TONEFREQ <nrf1>,<nrf2>, <nrf2> Hz. The third parameter sets the tone <nrf3> type; 1 will give trig, 2 will give FSK, any other value gives gate type. Set the trig input to <INT>, <EXT>, TRIGIN <cpd>...
Page 320 291, 292, 294 Users Manual 17-28...
Page 321: Maintenance
Chapter 18 Maintenance Introduction......................18-2 Cleaning ......................18-2 18-1...
Page 322: Introduction
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Introduction The manufacturers or their agents overseas will provide a repair service for any unit developing a fault. Where owners wish to undertake their own maintenance work, this should only be done by skilled personnel in conjunction with the service manual. Cleaning If the instrument requires cleaning use a cloth that is only lightly dampened with water or a mild detergent.
Page 323: Appendices
Appendices Appendix Title Page AC Supply Voltage ..................... A-1 Warning and Error Messages ................B-1 SYNC OUT Automatic Settings ................. C-1 Factory System Defaults ..................D-1 Waveform Manager Plus..................E-1 Block Diagrams....................F-1 Front and Rear Panel Drawings ................G-1...
Page 324 291, 292, 294 Users Manual...
Page 325: A Ac Supply Voltage
Appendix A AC Supply Voltage Introduction Before connecting the instrument to an ac outlet, check that the instrument operating voltage marked on the rear panel is correct for the local supply. Warning To avoid the possibility of electric shock, always ensure the instrument is disconnected from the ac supply before opening the case.
Page 326 291, 292, 294 Users Manual shc0003f.gif Figure 1-1. Mains transformer connections 5. To comply with safety standard requirements the operating voltage marked on the rear panel must be changed to clearly show the new voltage setting. 6. Change the fuse to one of the correct rating; see below. 2- and 4-channel instruments models 292 and 294 These instruments have a universal input range and will operate from a nominal 100 V, 115 V or 230 V mains supply without adjustment.
Page 327: B Warning And Error Messages
Appendix B Warning and Error Messages Introduction Warning messages are given when a setting may not give the expected result, e.g. dc offset attenuated by the output attenuator when a small amplitude is set; the setting is, however, implemented. Error messages are given when an illegal setting is attempted; the previous setting is retained.
Page 328 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Error Messages 101 Frequency out of range for the selected waveform 102 Sample clock frequency required exceeds 100 MHz 103 Sample clock frequency required is less than 0.1 Hz 104 Pulse/pulse-train period out of range for current set-up 105 Pulse width cannot be greater than the period 106 Absolute value of pulse delay must be <...
Page 329 Appendices Warning and Error Messages 182 Waveform is too long for the available channel memory 184 Sum or modulation conflict 186 Inter channel lock not possible. Lock status is off. This error may occur for several reasons. In each case there is a conflict of the synchronization settings.
Page 330 291, 292, 294 Users Manual 190 Memory card missing. Waveform <filename> not loaded 191 Set-up file <filename> not found. Loading defaults Waveform <filename> not found Critical Stop Errors These errors have no obvious recovery path and require user intervention. Some can be bypassed by a key press, some offer a choice of action.
Page 331: C Sync Out Automatic Settings
Appendix C SYNC OUT Automatic Settings Introduction The following automatic source (src) settings are made when auto mode is selected on the SYNC OUT screen. Waveform Position Burst Sequence Sweep Phase MODE WAVEFORM Sync Marker Done Sync Trigger Trigger Lock Standard Continuous Arbitrary...
Page 332 291, 292, 294 Users Manual...
Page 333: Factory System Defaults
Appendix D Factory System Defaults Introduction The factory system defaults are listed in full below. They can be recalled by pressing RECALL followed by set defaults or by the remote command * RST. All channels will receive the same set-up. All channels default to the same settings. Main Parameters: Std.
Page 334 291, 292, 294 Users Manual Sweep Parameters: Begin frequency: 100 kHz End frequency: 40 MHz Marker frequency: 10 MHz Direction: Spacing: Sweep time: 10 ms Type: Continuous Filter Auto Sync out Auto Sequence all segments set as follows: Status: Off except seg 1. Wfm: None selected Step on...
Page 335: Waveform Manager Plus
Appendix E Waveform Manager Plus Waveform Manager Plus Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Management Software The Waveform Manager Plus program allows construction, editing, exchange, translation and storage of many types of waveform data. It is compatible with many popular DSOs and many waveform generation products. Waveforms may be generated by equation entry, freehand drawing, combining existing waveforms or any combinations of these methods.
Page 336 291, 292, 294 Users Manual 2. Some dialog boxes have a Help button which, when clicked, will open the on-line help file at the section containing the description of that dialog box. 3. From most windows and dialogues the F1 key will open the help file at the relevant section.
Page 337: Block Diagram: Single Channel
Appendix F Block Diagrams Internal trigger generator Waveform end Trigger out to Ch(n-1) TRIG IN front panel BNC Position marker Trig in TRIGGERING Sequence end Trigger out from Ch(n -1) and Ch(n+1) Burst done Trigger out from Ch(n+1) Manual / remote trigger Lock out, routed via Ext lock in from SYNC OUT BNC, if this...
Page 338: Inter-Channel Block Diagram
291, 292, 294 Users Manual Internal lock in Manual/remote trigger Internal trigger gen TRIG IN BNC SUM IN BNC MODULATION IN BNC Master clock I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I EXT ARB Channel 1 Channel 2...
Page 339: Front And Rear Panel Drawings
Appendix G Front and Rear Panel Drawings shc0014f.gif Figure G-1. Model 291 Front Panel...
Page 340 291, 292, 294 Users Manual shc0015f.gif Figure G-2. Model 292 Front Panel shc0016f.gif Figure G-3. Model 294 Front Panel shc0017f.gif Figure G-4. Model 291 Rear Panel...
Page 341 Appendices Front and Rear Panel Drawings shc0018f.gif Figure G-5. Model 294 Rear Panel...
Page 342 291, 292, 294 Users Manual...
Page 343 Index burst count, 7-4 —A— done, 3-2, 5-6 AC supply, 2-2 mode, 7-3 adding waveforms, 12-2 start phase, 7-5 address, remote, 17-2 addressable RS232, 17-3, 17-4 —C— adjacent channel trigger, 7-3 amplitude modulation, 1-9 calibration, 16-2 arb clock in, 1-9, 3-4 remote, 16-6 arb clock out, 1-9 card reader, 14-2...
Page 344 connector —I— GPIB, 17-6 IEEE-488, 1-11, 3-5 RS232, 17-3 initial operation, 4-2 USB, 17-6 input copy channel, 15-4 arb clock, 1-9, 3-4 hold, 1-9, 3-3 —D— modulation, 1-8, 3-3 ref clock, 1-9, 3-3 daisy chain, 1-11, 17-3 sum, 1-9, 3-3, 12-2 data entry, 4-3 dc offset trig, 3-3...
Page 345 Index (continued) manual hold, 10-8 —P— marker patterns, 9-11 password master-slave, 13-2 calibration, 16-3 memory card, 9-3 phase lock, 3-2, 5-6 directories, 14-2 phase locking, 13-4 format, 14-2 phase resolution, 7-5, 7-7 formatting, 14-3 position marker, 3-2, 5-6, 9-10 saving files, 14-3 power-on setting, 15-3, 17-10 slot, 3-5 power-up, 4-2...
Page 346 status model, 17-9 —W— step on criterion, 9-12 warning messages, 5-5, 15-2 sum, 12-2 waveform sum in, 1-9, 3-3 arbitrary, 1-5 supply cable, 2-2 cosine, 1-4 supply voltage, 2-2 havercosine, 1-4 suppressed carrier modulation, 1-9 haversine, 1-4 sweep information, 15-2 connections, 6-2 noise, 1-5 duration, 6-4...

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Fluke 281 User Manual

Table of Contents

Connections

Sweep Operation

Triggered Burst and Gate

Arbitrary Waveform Generation

Pulse and Pulse-Trains

Synchronization

System Operations from the Utility Menu

Calibration

Remote Operation

Appendices

Table of Contents

Connections

Quick Links

Chapters

Related Manuals for Fluke 281

Summary of Contents for Fluke 281