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Nortel 15000 Terminology

Multiservice switch
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Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000
Terminology
NN10600-005

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Summary of Contents for Nortel 15000

  • Page 1 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Terminology NN10600-005...
  • Page 2 Document status: Standard Document issue: 7.2S1 Document date: March 2006 Product release: PCR7.2 and up Job function: Product Fundamentals Type: NTP Language type: U.S. English Copyright © 2006 Nortel. All Rights Reserved. NORTEL, the globemark design, and the NORTEL corporate logo are trademarks of Nortel.
  • Page 3 Contents What’s new Secure shell (Ssh) on Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 and 20000 4 Load Re-balancing on Parallel Links 4 List of terms Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel Terminology NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard PCR7.2 and up March 2006...
  • Page 4 What’s new Terms that apply to the following features were added to this document: • Secure shell (Ssh) on Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 and 20000 (page 4) • Load Re-balancing on Parallel Links (page 4) Attention: To ensure that you are using the most current version of an NTP, check the current NTP list in NN10600-000 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/ 15000/20000 What’s New.
  • Page 5 ATM adaptation layer type 5 (AAL-5) (page A-bit signaling availability-bit signaling (page area border router (ABR) (page available bit rate (ABR) (page ATM bearer service (ABS) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel 12). 13). 13). 13). 16).
  • Page 6 Nortel Multiservice Switch node. In a Multiservice Switch network, the calculated value for access delay includes the serialization delay only. Access devices are assumed to be located close enough to a Multiservice Switch node so that propagation delay is ignored.
  • Page 7 Specifies the format of the addresses that identify the network elements to which Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes can route packets. The address plan is known by every node capable of receiving such packets. The plan can be either internal or external to Multiservice Switch. Multiservice Switch uses the external DPN-100 address plan that combines ITU-T specifications X.121 and...
  • Page 8 BGP speaker. AINI ATM inter-network interface (AINI) (page allowed information rate (AIR) (page alarm indication signal (AIS) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 8 - List of terms 13). Terminology NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard...
  • Page 9 A pro-active congestion control mechanism used by the network that reduces allocated bandwidth when congestion occurs and by doing so discards frames in a controlled fashion. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 9 - List of terms 83).
  • Page 10 For Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400 nodes, the bus tap in slot 0 or slot 15, which is the alternate clock signal for a backplane bus. This term can also be applied to the processor card that contains the bus tap. See also (page 28).
  • Page 11 Nortel Multiservice Switch software is partitioned into distinct software applications. Applications contain features that are loaded on cards to provide services. A Multiservice Switch node can run multiple software applications simultaneously. An example of an application is frame relay service. See also...
  • Page 12 The standards layer that allows multiple applications to convert data to and from a set of ATM cells. AAL translates higher layer services into the size and format of an ATM cell. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 12 - List of terms 15).
  • Page 13 ATM end system that is part of an ATM group. ATM bearer service (ABS) Nortel Multiservice Switch ATM node’s bearer service allows ATM users and external equipment (ATM hubs, routers, workstations, servers, and video- conferencing equipment) access to the Multiservice Switch network. This...
  • Page 14 ATM IP function processor Nortel Multiservice Switch ATM node function processor that uses the Multiservice Switch queue controller (PQC) and ATM queue manager (AQM) ASICs to provide enhanced cell processing and ATM traffic management capabilities. ATM layer A layer in the B-ISDN protocol stack that transfers ATM cells. It is positioned between the physical layer and the AAL.
  • Page 15 Under line APS, two SONET or SDH lines are defined: working and protection. Either line can be active. Line APS monitors the line that is active and when necessary causes the card to switch to the other line. autonomous system (AS) An autonomous system is one or more networks that are under the control of one enterprise.
  • Page 16 The backbone does not exchange any information with nodes in other topology regions. backbone border node Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that reside on a backbone boundary, connected by backbone-cluster border links to cluster nodes. backbone node Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that reside within a backbone.
  • Page 17 (BCS) The software system that manages the operation of the Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 and Multiservice Switch 20000 fabrics. The BCS controls the fabrics on each processor card, allowing applications to send and receive frames over the backplane X and Y fabrics. The BCS also monitors the state of the fabrics to ensure that all cards can communicate.
  • Page 18 (known as a bandwidth pool) for connections. basic rate interface (BRI) The interface between an ISDN subscriber and the ISDN switch (that is, the local loop). The interface consists of two 64 kbit/s B-channels and one 16 kbit/ s D-channel.
  • Page 19 1’s density techniques. bit 7 stuffing When a T1 or E1 time slot has all 0s, bit 7 (the least significant bit) is forced to a 1. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 19 - List of terms 17).
  • Page 20 BNX interworking function. The set of capabilities that permits frame relay services over IP connections between virtual routers on a Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 or Multiservice Switch 20000 node and a Bay Networks network element running hyperstream software (BNX). BNX-Iwf DLCI BNX interworking function DLCI.
  • Page 21 BITS derives its signal from a stratum-3E or better reference signal. BITS provides network clock synchronization through external timing to the Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400, Multiservice Switch 15000, or Multiservice Switch 20000 node. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright ©...
  • Page 22 Switch node bus. bus controller (BC) A Nortel Multiservice Switch ASIC that allows a processor card to send and receive data and to control information over a backplane bus. There are two bus controllers for each processor card, one for each 800 Mbit/s bus.
  • Page 23 Establishing a call between two access services across a network. call management The capability of the Nortel Multiservice Switch accounting system to prevent the loss of accounting records by only accepting new SVC calls if the system has enough resources to process the accounting records associated with the SVC call.
  • Page 24 An interface between the fabric card and the processor cards of the Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 or Multiservice Switch 20000 node. Carrier’s Carrier The feature, service or configuration that offers BGP/MPLS VPN services to other service providers also offering BGP/MPLS VPN services to their end customers.
  • Page 25 C-RP candidate rendezvous point (C-RP) (page See “customer edge device or router (CE)” (page 37). CE’ See “Carrier’s Carrier customer edge router (CE’)” (page 24). Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 25 - List of terms 33).
  • Page 26 “jitter” in the network or customer premises equipment (CPE). CDVT is Nortel Multiservice Switch node-specific and is not part of the ATM Forum specification. cell header Information wrapped within a cell that determines the destination of the cell and carries sequencing and error detection information.
  • Page 27 A child peer group of a peer group is any one group that contains a child node of a logical group node in that peer group. customer identifier (CID) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 27 - List of terms 28).
  • Page 28 255 nodes, such as smaller colleges and businesses. Default address mask of 255.255.255.0. class of service (IP CoS) A Nortel Multiservice Switch IP differentiated service feature that provides limited IP traffic management. classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) An internetworking protocol that uses subnetwork masks other than the defaults used for IP address classes.
  • Page 29 “CLR”. cluster Multiservice Switch cluster (page cluster border node Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that reside on a cluster boundary, connected by backbone-cluster border links to the backbone. cluster node Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that reside within a cluster. cache management system (CMS) (page...
  • Page 30 It is related to committed burst size (Bc) and measurement interval (T) as CIR = Bc/T. common header A small Nortel Multiservice Switch node-specific common frame header that is appended to the front of frames and cells that are routed between Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes.
  • Page 31 A local COI refers to the traffic entering on access ports of a Nortel Multiservice Switch node that is destined for another port on the same node. A network COI refers to a matrix of inter-node traffic in the network. For...

  • Page 32: Component Model

    A verb applied to a component can produce responses. Components can also produce asynchronous responses, such as alarms. The component model is supported over the local, Telnet, Ssh, and FMIP NMIFs. It is indirectly supported within the Multiservice Switch enterprise SNMP MIB. component type The part of the component name that identifies the component being referred to.
  • Page 33 (CAC) A preventative ATM traffic management strategy through which Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes evaluate a connection request based on the traffic characteristics of both established connections and the requested connection. The request is accepted if the new connection does not jeopardize the QOS of established connections.
  • Page 34 001-208966 (available through Nortel Networks) • ANSI T1.617 Annex D • ITU-T Q.933 Annex A For more information, see NN10600-900 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/ 15000/20000 Frame Relay Technology Fundamentals. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 34 - List of terms Terminology NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard...
  • Page 35 Greenwich meridian (0 degrees longitude). cooling unit The cooling unit is a hardware component of a Nortel Multiservice Switch node. It contains a forced-air cooling system that ensures adequate cooling of the processor cards. For more information, see NN10600-170 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400 Hardware Description or NN10600-120 Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000/20000 Hardware Description.
  • Page 36 (CQC) (page CQC function processor A type of Nortel Multiservice Switch ATM node function processor that uses a cell queue controller (CQC) ASIC. This type of function processor was the original ATM FP on Multiservice Switch nodes.
  • Page 37 (CE) A router or device that is part of a customer network and that interfaces to a provider edge (PE) router. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 37 - List of terms 23).
  • Page 38 Ten bits within the two address octets of a frame relay address header that carry information used to locally identify the virtual circuits or permanent virtual circuits. For more information, see NN10600-900 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Frame Relay Technology Fundamentals. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel...
  • Page 39 The data manipulation engine (DME) is the base service that provides capabilities for moving data frames to/from link interfaces and between function processors within a Nortel Multiservice Switch node. It is designed to provide protocol-based applications with the capability of performing operations on data frames.
  • Page 40 BCD. For more information on each attribute type, see the appendix on attribute types in NN10600-060 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Component Reference. DBNL dial backup network link (DBNL) (page...
  • Page 41 A connection made by modem between a DPN module and a Nortel Multiservice Switch node. The network link type is dial backup. DiffServ A Nortel Multiservice Switch IP differentiated service feature that provides IP traffic management. DiffServ domain A group of virtual routers that are using the same (page 101) definitions to apply differentiated services to IP traffic.
  • Page 42 Discard priority refers to the importance of a frame or cell. The Nortel Multiservice Switch system has 4 discard levels, where 0 is the most important (last to be discarded) and 3 is the least important (first to be discarded).
  • Page 43 (DPRS) (page DPNSS 1 Digital Private Network Signaling System No 1 (DPNSS 1) (page discard priority (DP) (page 42) data path object (DPO) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 43 - List of terms 39).
  • Page 44 ITU-T. This is the format used to carry information over the T3 trunk. DSCP differentiated services code point (page data service unit (DSU) (page data terminal equipment (DTE) (page designated transit list (DTL) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 44 - List of terms 42). 40).
  • Page 45 DPRS carries data traffic such as frame relay and all DPN-100 services such as X.25. The 2.048 Mbit/s interface defined in ITU-T G.703. Usually consists of a framed pattern of thirty-two 64 kbit/s time slots. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 45 - List of terms 15).
  • Page 46 SVC, SVP, soft PVC, and soft PVP connections. EFCI explicit forward congestion indication (EFCI) (page external gateway (EG) (page exterior gateway protocol (EGP) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 46 - List of terms 51). 46).
  • Page 47 (egress) points of the network for each frame relay data link connection (DLC). egress node The last Nortel Multiservice Switch node that processes the packet as it traverses the Multiservice Switch network; that is, the node from which the packet exits the Multiservice Switch network.
  • Page 48 The entire connection within the PNNI network from the PNNI source node to the PNNI destination node. enterprise module (EM) The root-level component of Nortel Multiservice Switch node. Its instance value is the node name. entry border node The node that receives a call over an outside link. This node is the first within a peer group to see the call.
  • Page 49 The bandwidth (in cell/s) that the network reserves for a particular ATM connection. explicit rate (ER) (page ESD jack A jack located on the Nortel Multiservice Switch node for plugging in an antistatic wrist strap to protect the hardware against electrostatic discharge. extended superframe (ESF) (page Ethernet A physical and data link layer protocol that follows the IEEE 802.3 standard or...
  • Page 50 PNNI routing domain. exterior link A link that crosses the boundary of the PNNI routing domain. The PNNI protocol does not run over an exterior link. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 50 - List of terms D4 (page 38).
  • Page 51 Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000, or Multiservice Switch 20000 node. fabric port An interface to the fabrics of a Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000, or Multiservice Switch 20000 node. facsimile handling The handling of in-band facsimile or modem data dynamically. On detection of...
  • Page 52 FAX handling facsimile handling (page fax idle suppression (FIS) A function performed by Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes when processing facsimile transmissions, which saves bandwidth by not transmitting the idle portions between data bursts. During a typical facsimile transmission, FIS can reduce bandwidth use by as much as 20 percent in the sending direction and 80 percent in the receiving direction.
  • Page 53 Software residing on the Nortel Multiservice Data Manager workstation that uses FTP to transfer accounting data from the Nortel Multiservice Switch node to the host computer. file transfer protocol (FTP) A TCP/IP protocol used to transfer files across an internet. See also Internet protocol interface over virtual circuit (IPIVC).
  • Page 54 (FCI) A bit in the Nortel Multiservice Switch common header set to indicate that congestion was experienced by packets travelling through the Multiservice Switch network. Congestion in the subnet and at the access is indicated by BCI/FCI bits.
  • Page 55 (MCS) A feature that provides bidirectional, point-to-point virtual connections between Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes at a specific quality of service (QOS). The MCS connection is a switched path that provides many-to-one multiplexing of connections for a data service.
  • Page 56 Furthermore, many functions such as sequencing flow control and retransmission are performed by end user equipment. Frame relay-to-ATM interworking function (FR-ATM IWF) A Nortel Multiservice Switch frame relay service that provides interworking functions between frame relay PVCs and ATM PVCs using AAL-5. See also,...
  • Page 57 ITU-T standard related to pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies. G.729 ITU-T standard related to coding of speech at 8 kbit/s using conjugate- structure algebraic-code-excited linear-prediction (CS-ACELP). Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 57 - List of terms 55).
  • Page 58 WAN services. generic cell rate algorithm (GCRA) An algorithm used in a Nortel Multiservice Switch ATM network to monitor and police network traffic. In Multiservice Switch traffic management, GCRA is used by usage parameter control (UPC) to enforce conformance at the source ATM terminal.
  • Page 59 Media Gateway. half session (HS) A session-layer component consisting of the combination of data flow control and transmission control components comprising one end of a session. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 59 - List of terms 58).
  • Page 60 An encoding technique used to transfer bits over E1 and E3 lines. To ensure 1’s density, HDB3 substitutes a bipolar violation where four or more 0s are to be sent in a row. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 60 - List of terms 33).
  • Page 61 1 Mbit/s to 52 Mbit/s. hitless CP switchover The switch of activity from the active CP to a standby CP without restarting the FPs on the shelf. FPs that support hitless CP switchover continue, uninterrupted, to provide service. FPs that do not support hitless CP switchover must restart and do not provide uninterrupted service.
  • Page 62 The number of hops it takes for a packet to make it from a source to a destination, that is the number of nodes (routers) between a source and a destination. Each switch or router traversed by a packed is considered a hop. horizontal link A link between two logical nodes that belong to the same peer group.
  • Page 63 A collection of rules that govern the reception of route information. These policies are used by the BGP, EGP, and RIP route management protocols. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 63 - List of terms 65).
  • Page 64 See also egress node (page 47) ingress traffic Ingress traffic refers to the traffic entering a Nortel Multiservice Switch network through an access point. initial cell rate (ICR) In ATM ABR networking, the rate at which the ABR source transmits cells, both initially and after an idle period.
  • Page 65 (ISDN) A digital technology that provides combined voice and data services. BRI access to an ISDN switch provides 2B+D (two 64 kbit/s B-channels and one 16 kbit/s D-channel) over an existing copper telephone line. Out-of-band signaling is sent over the D-channel to request the setup of one...
  • Page 66 (page 20). internal gateway A DPN logical connection that runs over a Nortel Multiservice Switch trunk interconnecting two Multiservice Switch nodes in different RID subnets. A Multiservice Switch trunk supporting internal gateways continues to operate as a normal Multiservice Switch trunk in supporting non-DPN type of traffic.

  • Page 67: Internet Protocol Interface Over Virtual Circuit (Ipivc)

    Multiservice Data Manager Security User Guide. inter-region Multiservice Switch trunk A Nortel Multiservice Switch trunk that is a link between two border nodes in different topology regions. interrupting mode frame-cell trunk (page...
  • Page 68 ATM (IMA) A feature available on Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that supports the transparent transmission of ATM cell data over a link group. IMA transparently distributes a single stream of ATM layer cell traffic onto multiple physical links for transmission across the links, and then combines the traffic back into the original ATM layer cell sequence at the remote end.
  • Page 69 IP tunneling A feature available on Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that allows you to connect physically separate IP networks that share the same address space through an IP network on a different address space.
  • Page 70 A packet discard mechanism that works in conjunction with PPD. LPD preserves the end-of-packet cell of a packet that is subject to PPD, which permits identification of the beginning of the subsequent packet. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 70 - List of terms 70).
  • Page 71 The LGN (logical group node) Horizontal Link Hello protocol is a protocol run over an SVCC RCC channel to discover and monitor logical links between neighboring logical group nodes. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 71 - List of terms 72).
  • Page 72 A dedicated private or leased facility that connects user equipment to the Nortel Multiservice Switch network. A line can be a link. In SONET, a part of a connection between STS-n multiplexers. In SDH, a part of a connection between STM-n multiplexers.
  • Page 73 FP running the IMA feature and terminates on another FP running the IMA feature (typically these FPs are on two different Multiservice Switch nodes). Any link group can be composed of up to eight DS1/E1 physical links on an FP running IMA.
  • Page 74 If there is more than one equal path to a destination, Nortel Multiservice Switch node’s will pick two of them. Load spreading is the process by which nodes divide traffic, on a VC basis, over the two link groups on those paths and the links in the link group.
  • Page 75 A RAM that stores code and program data for the microprocessor. local node name The name of a Nortel Multiservice Switch node. It forms the initial part of all component names, but is usually suppressed. For example, em/ottawa lp/0 appears as lp/0.
  • Page 76 (LC) A logical division of a Nortel Multiservice Switch trunk that constitutes part of a path. A logical channel is used in a single direction and is locally identified by a logical channel number. logical connection (LCo) A logical connection is an association between two endpoints in the Nortel Multiservice Switch network for the purpose of exchanging data.
  • Page 77 A leaf in the PNNI routing hierarchy. A lowest level node is an abstraction that represents a single instance of the PNNI routing protocol. Lowest level nodes are created in a switching system through provisioning and are not created dynamically. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 77 - List of terms 77).

  • Page 78: Nn10600-005 7.2S1 Standard Pcr7.2 And Up March

    The Management Data Provider (MDP) host stores and converts accounting data from DPN-100 and management data (accounting, statistics, alarms, SCNs, and logs) from Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes prior to transferring the data to either a Billing host or a Network Engineering host. The Management Data Provider replaces the Accounting Data Server.
  • Page 79 (MDR) Collects surveillance data from multiple Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes and distributes it to multiple Nortel Multiservice Data Manager network operation centers. management information base (MIB) A database containing configuration and status information relating to a specific managed object or objects. Provides a description of all the components and variables within a component that a network management system can access.
  • Page 80 VGCP. The MGC handles all the signaling and call control functionality. membership scope In PNNI networking, the level of the routing hierarchy within which advertisement of a given address is constrained. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 80 - List of terms 81).
  • Page 81 (MDCR) A measure of the minimum useful data rate for the given ATM UBR service category. This term is used interchangeably with MCR. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 81 - List of terms 80).
  • Page 82 (MM) (page MMTC multimedia traffic classes (MMTC) (page model A way of describing Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes for management purposes. The two supported models are the component model and the SNMP model. module identifier (MID) MIDs identify individual Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes or DPN-100 access modules.
  • Page 83 (IMUX). This definition is in accordance with the Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreement FRF.16. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 83 - List of terms 79).
  • Page 84 An MVP function processor with an on-board daughter card that provides echo cancellation capabilities according to ITU-T G.164, G.165 and G.168. The five types of Nortel Multiservice Switch MVP-E function processor are 1- port DS1 MVP-E, 1-port E1 MVP-E, 4-port DS1 MVP-E, 4-port E1 MVP-E and 1-port TTC2M MVP-E.
  • Page 85 Multiservice Passport access network link signaling protocol (MSP) This protocol allows end devices connected to a Passport 4400 unit to interwork with end devices of a similar type in the Nortel Multiservice Switch network. The same protocol can also allow a Passport 4400 unit to connect to another Passport 4400 unit in a hierarchical manner.
  • Page 86 (ABS) (page NAMS ID 1In Nortel Multiservice Switch systems, an attribute allowing the definition of a NAMS identifier. See NN10600-060 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/ 15000/20000 Component Reference for NAMS ID attribute description. (page 86). NAMS identifier (NAMS ID) In Nortel Multiservice Switch systems, an attribute allowing the definition of a NAMS identifier.
  • Page 87 The NEBS frame is used to house telecommunications equipment. Network Equipment Building System (NEBS) 2000 frame A Nortel Networks universal frame used to house a Nortel Multiservice Switch device. The installation consists of two half NEBS frames bolted together back to back.

  • Page 88: Network Management Interface (Nmif)

    Manages interfaces between the Nortel Multiservice Switch software and external network management systems. Through NMIS, commands can be issued to Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes from network managers, and results returned. This allows Multiservice Switch nodes to be controlled and monitored. network mask A 32-bit value that masks (or causes a router to ignore) portions of a packet’s...
  • Page 89 Frame relay service can be provided through a standard interface between two frame relay networks of different manufacture. The interface is called the network-to-network interface. For more information, see NN10600-900 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Frame Relay Technology Fundamentals. NFAS non-facility associated signaling (NFAS) (page...
  • Page 90 Information that captures an aspect or property of a node. node ID A unique number used to identify a specific Nortel Multiservice Switch node within a network. See NN10600-060 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/ 20000 Component Reference for more information. Node Management System...
  • Page 91 Nortel Multiservice Data Manager software A network management software system for controlling, provisioning, and monitoring DPN and Nortel Multiservice Switch networks. It consists of a set of applications supported by a common user interface running on a UNIX operating system. Multiservice Data Manager uses a commercially available hardware platform, such as a Sun SPARC station.
  • Page 92 (OSPF) An IP routing model defined in RFC 1583, whereby the shortest route to a destination is calculated from a database of link states. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 92 - List of terms 88).
  • Page 93 Provides information or data used for monitoring the operation of Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes and services. The values of operational attributes are not retained across system restarts. These values cannot be provisioned, but some of them can be set. Operational attributes include information such as component OSI management state and statistical data.
  • Page 94 Overflow routing is the process by which Nortel Multiservice Switch networks switch traffic from a chosen link to an alternate link, when the chosen link becomes congested. Normal reliability traffic will overflow only to links in the same link group. High reliability traffic can also overflow onto links in a different link group, under certain conditions.
  • Page 95 This is checked against the packet forwarding tables, which contain information about the network. The packet is then sent along the path that best fits its requirements. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 95 - List of terms 97).
  • Page 96 When POS is supported, the generic queue manager (GQM) function processor (FP) cards of a Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400, Multiservice Switch 15000, or Multiservice Switch 20000 nodes transmit or receive packets over SONET (POS), or over SDH. POS handles whatever the packet- based data is because it is a layer 3 protocol over a layer 1 transmission with no layer 2.
  • Page 97 The instance of a route for a logical connection in the network that has a flow in each direction. It is the sequence of Nortel Multiservice Switch trunks that is used to form the connection. path administrator (PA) A subcomponent of Nortel Multiservice Switch Trunk component, that is used to describe bandwidth-sharing characteristics and path activities.
  • Page 98 In the event of Multiservice Switch trunk failure, the path can be rerouted. The path then remains fixed in its new configuration. An advantage of path- oriented techniques is that the delay variance between two endpoints can be minimized by specifying the path in advance.
  • Page 99 (PDR) (page 106) See “provider edge router (PE)” (page 107). PE’ See “Carrier’s Carrier provider edge router (PE’)” (page 24). product engineering code (PEC) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 99 - List of terms 105).
  • Page 100 The P-SPVC uses a switched connection (S-SPVC) across frame relay network-to-network interfaces (NNIs) to establish end-to-end connectivity. See also switched permanent virtual circuit (SPVC) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 100 - List of terms Terminology NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard...
  • Page 101 (page peer group leader (PGL) (page PGLE peer group leader election (PGLE) (page priority guaranteed queuing (PGQ) (page per-hop-behavior (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 101 - List of terms 142). 100). 100).
  • Page 102 A 32 bit integer that is used to uniquely identify a PNNI interface. PNNI routing control channel VCC that nodes use to exchange PNNI routing protocol messages. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 102 - List of terms 105).
  • Page 103 The port-VLAN is a VLAN that defines the treatment for untagged, priority- tagged, and port-VLAN tagged traffic on a VLAN-aware Ethernet interface. The port-VLAN tagged traffic is identified by the PVID. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 103 - List of terms 104).
  • Page 104 The port-VLAN identifier (PVID) represents the default VLAN identifier in VLAN mode that treats untagged, priority tagged, and PVID tagged traffic. The PVID on Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes is always set to a value of 1. port management system (PMS) A software system that controls and monitors the physical interfaces that are supported on function processors.
  • Page 105 PIDs identify a specific process associated with a specific data network address. processor The term processor is used in Nortel Multiservice Switch documentation to refer to a I80960 or PowerPC chip. A processor is a 32-bit embedded microprocessor that coordinates the activities on a processor card.
  • Page 106 Is the time it takes one bit of information to travel along a transmission medium from one device (Nortel Multiservice Switch node) to its neighbor device (Multiservice Switch node). Propagation delay is a function of the speed of an electrical (optical) signal and the distance to be travelled.
  • Page 107 PE nodes. The P nodes never connect to CE devices and do not keep any VPN routing information. On the MPLS backbone, the P node acts as a core Label Switch Router (LSR), switching MPLS packets along the Transport LSP tunnels used to forward VPN traffic from PE to PE.
  • Page 108 An alarm that the Nortel Multiservice Data Manager generates on behalf of a device (for example, a Nortel Multiservice Switch node) to report an event or condition that, while detected by the Multiservice Data Manager, could either not be indicated by the device itself (for example, a loss of module access), or was reported through another non-alarm means (for example, OSI State Change, SNMP polling, or a trap).
  • Page 109 For ATM networks and services, QOS classes are defined by the ATM Forum for UNI 3.0/3.1 and UNI 4.0. Nortel Multiservice Switch system also defines a set of corresponding ATM QOS classes (UBR, CBR, VBR, CO, CNLS). Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright ©...
  • Page 110 The queue controller manages up to 256 queues. queue relay device (QRD) A cell-only hardware chip on certain Nortel Multiservice Switch ATM IP function processors that provides traffic management functions such as per- VC queuing and congestion control.
  • Page 111 (provisioned under the Rtg component) that are broadcast and stored in the Base Routing Topology Database. They are also referred to as reachable addresses. See NN10600-435 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/ 15000/20000 Operations: Path-Oriented Routing System for more information. real-time clock (RTC) The clock that maintains the current time of day.
  • Page 112 X25Dte component. remote group address The unique address that identifies the remote group. Remote Server Agent An entry point for applications requiring access to Nortel Multiservice Switch network servers. rendezvous node The node terminating the reroute request for an alternate connection segment.
  • Page 113 PCR and SCR rates defined for the connection through the traffic descriptor type. RSR is Nortel Multiservice Switch system-specific and is not part of the ATM Forum specification. The five values used in the traffic descriptor parameters are peak cell rate (PCR), sustainable cell rate (SCR), maximum burst size (MBS), cell delay variation tolerance (CDVT), and requested shaping rate (RSR).
  • Page 114 A multiprotocol frame encapsulation method used for carrying data over a frame relay virtual circuit. routing identifier (RID) (page RID/MID routing system dynamic packet routing system (DPRS) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 114 - List of terms 116).
  • Page 115 (RTD) The time delay in a round trip from one end of the connection to the other. route A list of individual Nortel Multiservice Switch trunks over which a logical connection exchanges data between two endpoints. route caching Route caching is a method of storing and maintaining routing paths for future use.
  • Page 116 PNNI routing control channel (page routing identifier (RID) RIDs identify individual Nortel Multiservice Switch RID subnets or DPN-100 resource modules. routing information protocol (RIP) This is a routing protocol for finding IP routes between subnets on an internet.
  • Page 117 Scope defines the level of advertisement for an address in a PNNI network. The level of advertisement is a level of a peer group in the PNNI routing hierarchy. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 117 - List of terms 112).

  • Page 118: Secure Shell (Ssh)

    Secure shell (Ssh) A Secure shell on a Multiservice Switch provides the capability for an operator to connect to the node in such a way that all authentication information and subsequent session traffic is encrypted for increased security.
  • Page 119 Serialization delay is the time to clock a frame or cell into or out of a device (Nortel Multiservice Switch node). service A software application. Examples of a Nortel Multiservice Switch service: frame relay and ATM bearer service. service access point (SAP) The service access point of a protocol layer is the point at which an upper (client) layer requests service from the layer.
  • Page 120 A 32-bit bus on a processor card that ties all peripheral devices together. The shared buffer memory, shared bus interface controller, link controller, and bus controller are some of the devices that use the shared bus. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 120 - List of terms 120).
  • Page 121 A common memory pool on a processor card in which all blocks, buffers, and queues are stored. Frames enter Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes from a network link to the interfacing function processor where they are stored in memory. Multiservice Switch software then determines each frame’s destination.
  • Page 122 A network node where the connection is only used for the information flow to/ from a single party of a call. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 122 - List of terms internal border gateway 66).
  • Page 123 Soft PVCs support the same functionality as permanent virtual connections but eliminate the need to manually provision each node along the connection. The endpoint is provisioned but the connection route is selected automatically. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 123 - List of terms 119).
  • Page 124 The software system that manages the software installed in a shelf. It controls the downloading of software, cleans up unused software on the Nortel Multiservice Switch node disk, and determines which software modules need to be loaded on each processor card.
  • Page 125 Nortel Multiservice Switch suite of NTPs, occurrences of “spare card” almost always refer to this definition •...
  • Page 126 A connection that is created using a specified path. speech activity detection (SAD) A function performed by Nortel Multiservice Switch system when processing voice calls that saves bandwidth by not transmitting the silent portions of a conversation. Typical telephone conversations consist of 40 to 60 percent silence.
  • Page 127 (SCN) In OSI, a notification of a change of OSI state and status values. In Nortel Multiservice Switch systems, the notification is generated only by a change in operational state changes in a preselected set of components. Nortel Multiservice Data Manager uses SCNs to update the state of components that are being displayed.
  • Page 128 NextHops on the path to destination of the IP route statistic Nortel Multiservice Switch system has three categories of statistics, which consist of counters and gauges (for example, byte counts and processor and link utilization): •...
  • Page 129 (NNIs). It is a logical connection for which endpoints are configured by the network operator but for which the route is selected automatically. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 129 - List of terms address summarization (page 130).
  • Page 130 User equipment signals the desired destination, and the connection route is selected automatically through SVC signaling. See also virtual circuit (VC), frame relay networking (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 130 - List of terms Terminology NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard...
  • Page 131 See also virtual path (VP) (page switched voice A Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400 node feature in which TDM traffic from a narrowband network is terminated at a Multiservice Switch 7400 node and dynamically routed over the ATM network. See also...
  • Page 132 (TPT) A software process that allows MVP-E FPs on tandem Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes to dynamically detect each other and pass, without modification, compressed voice data through an intermediate voice switch. Voice Transport and Voice Networking support TPT.
  • Page 133 To establish a Telnet connection, you need both a Telnet client and a Telnet server. The Telnet client resides on the local device and connects to the Telnet server on the remote device. Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes act as both a Telnet server (for incoming Telnet connections) and a Telnet client (for outgoing Telnet connections).
  • Page 134 A software system that performs network topology discovery and maintenance for the Nortel Multiservice Switch node. topology region A group of interconnected Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that share topological routing information. topology database The database that describes the topology of the entire PNNI routing domain as seen by a node.
  • Page 135 A method used to smooth out traffic bursts by regulating the emission interval of cells or frames in the transmit direction. This is useful for ensuring conformance of transmitted traffic to subscribed traffic parameters. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 135 -...
  • Page 136 (TRM) (page transparent data service (TDS) A service offered on Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that allows the user to send bit or HDLC data across the network without interpretation. See also transparent data service (BTDS) (page 20)
  • Page 137 The protocol is based on T1.618, which is based on a subset of ANSI T1.602 (LAPD). For more information, see NN10600-900 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Frame Relay Technology Fundamentals. unspecified bit rate (UBR) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright ©...
  • Page 138 (UTP) The specific protocol between Nortel Multiservice Switch and DPN devices through an acknowledged trunking system. unspecified bit rate (UBR) A service category that defines connection throughput as best-effort, in which cells are either forwarded if link bandwidth is available or discarded if bandwidth is not available.
  • Page 139 For more information, see the document NN10600-900 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Frame Relay Technology Fundamentals. An interface between ATM user equipment and ATM network equipment. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) (page Unshielded twisted pair (a type of cable).
  • Page 140 A command used to determine the path of a frame relay VC or the round trip delay of the frame relay VC. See “ping” (page 102). Virtual Circuit System (VCS) (page VGCP voice gateway control protocol (VGCP) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 140 - List of terms 111).
  • Page 141 A VCL is identified only by the VCI value in the cell header if it is part of a VPC, or by both the VPI and VCI values if it is not part of a VPC. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 141 - List of terms 145).
  • Page 142 IMA feature and terminates on another FP running the IMA feature. Typically, these two FPs are on two different Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes. Any virtual link can consist of a maximum of eight DS1/E1 physical links on an FP running IMA.
  • Page 143 A point of access to a VirtualRouter component that defines the IP logical interface. This logical interface defines the subnet to which the IpMConn or Control subcomponent is connected. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 143 -...
  • Page 144 (VL) (page VLAN virtual LAN (VLAN) (page VLAN-tagged A tagged frame whose IEEE 802.1Q-tag carries both VLAN identification and priority information. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 144 - List of terms 142). 142). 142).
  • Page 145 Internet Protocol (VoIP) Voice traffic over an IP network using ATM or Ethernet transport capabilities. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 145 - List of terms 142).
  • Page 146 (VPCI) (page virtual path identifier (VPI) (page virtual path link (VPL) (page voice processing module (VPM) (page virtual private network (VPN) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 146 - List of terms 142).
  • Page 147 (VRRP master) (page VRRP router virtual router redundancy protocol router (VRRP router) (page VS/VD virtual source/virtual destination (VS/VD) (page voice services processor (VSP) (page Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 147 - List of terms 147). 143).
  • Page 148 A Nortel Multiservice Switch system proprietary implementation of weighted fair queuing (WFQ), a non-shaping intra-class scheduler. WLFA is a mechanism for deciding which cells arriving at a Multiservice Switch node over individual circuits are delivered next to the common FIFO (first-in-first- out) trunk queue.
  • Page 149 XID is an Unnumbered Exchange Identification command/response frame used to convey the types of LLC services supported by peer link stations during connection establishment phase. Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Copyright © 2006, Nortel - 149 - List of terms Terminology NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard...
  • Page 150 A Y-splitter cable is a fiber optical cable with each transmit and receive fiber physically split into two. A pair of duplex single-mode (SM) Y-splitter cables is required for each pair of ports on a pair of Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 or Multiservice Switch 20000 node function processors (dual FPs) that are configured in software to use Y-protection.
  • Page 152 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000 Terminology Copyright © 2006 Nortel. All Rights Reserved. Publication: NN10600-005 Document status: Standard Document issue: 7.2S1 Document date: March 2006 Product release: PCR7.2 and up Job function: Product Fundamentals Type: NTP Language type: U.S. English NORTEL, the globemark design, and the NORTEL corporate logo are...

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