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Adaptive Server IQ 12.4.2
Sybase Adaptive Server IQ 12.4.2 Manuals
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Sybase Adaptive Server IQ 12.4.2 manual available for free PDF download: Administration And Performance Manual
Sybase Adaptive Server IQ 12.4.2 Administration And Performance Manual (536 pages)
Brand:
Sybase
| Category:
Server
| Size: 1.66 MB
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
3
About this Book
17
Related Documents
18
CHAPTER 1 Overview of Adaptive Server IQ System Administration
21
Introduction to Adaptive Server IQ
21
System Administration Tasks
22
Security Overview
23
Types of Users
24
Granting Permissions
24
Tools for System Administration
24
The Database Server
25
Catalogs and IQ
25
The IQ Store
26
The Temporary Store
26
The Catalog Store
26
Concurrent Operations
27
Stored Procedures
27
Adaptive Server IQ Stored Procedures
28
Adaptive Server Enterprise System and Catalog Procedures
29
Catalog Stored Procedures
31
System Tables and Views
32
Commands and Functions
36
Types of SQL Statements
36
Functions
36
Message Logging
37
The Utility Database
38
Compatibility with Earlier Versions
39
CHAPTER 2 Running Adaptive Server IQ
41
Starting the Database Server
41
Server Command Lines
42
Starting the Server on UNIX
43
Using the Startup Utility
44
Typing the Server Startup Command
45
Starting the Server on Windows NT
46
Starting the Server from the NT Start Menu
46
Typing the Server Startup Command
46
Running the Server Outside the Current Session
47
Using Command-Line Switches
48
Naming the Server and Databases
51
Controlling Performance from the Command Line
53
Controlling Permissions from the Command Line
56
Setting a Maximum Catalog Page Size
57
Setting up a Client/Server Environment
58
Starting a Server in Forced Recovery Mode
60
Starting a Server from DBISQL
60
Starting Multiple Servers or Clients on the same Machine
61
Monitoring Server Activity
61
Stopping the Database Server
63
Who Can Stop the Server
65
Shutting down Operating System Sessions
65
Starting and Stopping Databases
66
Starting the Asiqdemo Database
67
Starting and Stopping Sybase Central
68
Connecting a Plug-In
69
Stopping Sybase Central
70
Introduction to Connections
70
How Connections Are Established
71
Connection Parameters Specify Connections
72
Connection Parameters Are Passed as Connection Strings
72
Connection Parameters Are Passed as Connection Strings
73
Simple Connection Examples
73
Connecting to a Database from DBISQL
74
Connecting to Other Databases from DBISQL
76
Connecting to an Embedded Database
77
Connecting Using a Data Source
79
Connecting to a Server on a Network
80
Using Default Connection Parameters
81
Connecting from Adaptive Server IQ Utilities
82
Working with ODBC Data Sources
83
Dsns and Filedsns
84
Creating and Editing ODBC Data Sources
85
Configuring ODBC Data Sources
87
Login Tab
89
Creating a File Data Source
91
Using ODBC Data Sources on UNIX
92
Connection Parameters
93
Connection Parameter Priorities
96
How Adaptive Server IQ Makes Connections
97
Steps in Establishing a Connection
97
Locating the Interface Library
98
Assembling a List of Connection Parameters
99
Locating a Server
101
Locating the Database
103
Server Name Caching for Faster Connections
104
Interactive SQL Connections
105
Connecting from Other Databases
105
Using an Integrated Login
106
Using Integrated Logins
107
Security Concerns: Unrestricted Database Access
110
Setting Temporary Public Options for Added Security
111
Network Aspects of Integrated Logins
112
Creating a Default Integrated Login User
112
Troubleshooting Startup, Shutdown, and Connections
113
What to Do if You Can't Start Adaptive Server IQ
113
What to Do if You Can't Connect to a Database
115
Stopping a Database Server in an Emergency (UNIX)
116
Resolving Problems with Your DBISQL Window on UNIX
116
CHAPTER 3 Working with Database Objects
119
Building Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases
119
Designing Your Database
119
Tools for Working with Database Objects
120
A Step-By-Step Overview of Database Setup
121
Extending Data Definition Privileges
123
Selecting a Device Type
124
Allocating Space for Databases
124
Working with Databases
126
Creating a Database
127
Adding Dbspaces
134
Dropping Dbspaces
136
Dropping a Database
138
Working with Tables
138
Creating Tables
138
Altering Tables
143
Dropping Tables
144
Creating Primary and Foreign Keys
145
Table Information in the System Tables
147
Working with Views
147
Creating Views
148
Using Views
149
Modifying Views
150
Permissions on Views
150
Deleting Views
151
Views in the System Tables
151
Working with Indexes
152
Introduction to Indexes
152
Creating Indexes
153
Indexes in the System Tables
153
Removing Indexes
154
CHAPTER 4 Adaptive Server IQ Indexes
155
Overview of Indexes
155
Adaptive Server IQ Index Types
155
Benefits over Traditional Indexes
157
Creating Adaptive Server IQ Indexes
158
The CREATE INDEX Statement
158
Creating an Index with Sybase Central
159
Creating Indexes Concurrently
159
Choosing an Index Type
160
Number of Unique Values in the Index
161
Types of Queries
161
Indexing Criteria: Disk Space Usage
163
Data Types in the Index
163
Combining Index Types
164
Adaptive Server IQ Index Types
164
Default Column Index
165
The Low_Fast (LF) Index Type
165
The High_Group (HG) Index Type
166
The High_Non_Group (HNG) Index Type
168
Optimizing Performance for Ad Hoc Joins
169
Selecting an Index
170
Adding Column Indexes after Inserting Data
171
Using Join Indexes
171
Join Indexes Improve Query Performance
171
How Join Indexes Are Used for Queries
172
Relationships in Join Indexes
172
When a Join Becomes Ad Hoc
172
Join Hierarchy Overview
172
Columns in the Join Index
173
The Join Hierarchy in Query Resolution
174
Multiple Table Joins and Performance
176
Steps in Creating a Join Index
177
Synchronizing Join Indexes
178
Defining Join Relationships between Tables
179
Issuing the CREATE JOIN INDEX Statement
182
Creating a Join Index in Sybase Central
184
Types of Join Hierarchies
184
Modifying Tables Included in a Join Index
187
Inserting or Deleting from Tables in a Join Index
188
Table Versioning Controls Access to Join Indexes
189
Estimating the Size of a Join Index
189
CHAPTER 5 Moving Data in and out of Databases
191
Import and Export Overview
191
Import and Export Methods
191
Input and Output Data Formats
192
Permissions for Modifying Data
193
Scheduling Database Updates
193
Exporting Data from a Database
194
Using Output Redirection
194
NULL Value Output
195
Bulk Loading Data Using the LOAD TABLE Statement
195
Interpreting Notification Messages
207
Memory Message
207
Main IQ Store Blocks Messages
208
IQ Temporary Store Blocks Message
208
Main Buffer Cache Activity Message
208
Temporary Buffer Cache Message
209
Controlling Message Logging
209
Using the INSERT Statement
210
Inserting Specified Values Row by Row
210
Inserting Selected Rows from the Database
211
Inserting from a Different Database
212
Importing Data Interactively
215
Inserting into Tables of a Join Index
215
Inserting into Primary and Foreign Key Columns
216
Partial-Width Insertions
217
Partial-Width Insertion Rules
218
Converting Data on Insertion
222
Inserting Data from Pre-Version 12 Adaptive Server IQ
224
Load Conversion Options
224
Column Width Issues
228
Using the ASCII Conversion Option
228
The DATE Option
230
The DATETIME Conversion Option
232
Working with NULLS
235
Other Factors Affecting the Display of Data
236
Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise Data Types
237
Unsupported Adaptive Server Enterprise Data Types
237
Adaptive Server Enterprise Data Type Equivalents
238
Handling Conversion Errors on Data Import
240
Tuning Bulk Loading of Data
241
Improving Load Performance During Database Definition
241
Setting Server Startup Options
242
Adjusting Your Environment at Load Time
242
Reducing Main IQ Store Space Use in Incremental Loads
243
Changing Data Using UPDATE
244
Deleting Data
245
Importing Data by Replication
246
CHAPTER 6 Using Procedures and Batches
249
Overview of Procedures
249
Benefits of Procedures
250
Introduction to Procedures
250
Creating Procedures
251
Calling Procedures
252
Dropping Procedures
252
Permissions to Execute Procedures
253
Returning Procedure Results in Parameters
253
Returning Procedure Results in Result Sets
254
Introduction to User-Defined Functions
255
Creating User-Defined Functions
255
Calling User-Defined Functions
256
Dropping User-Defined Functions
257
Permissions to Execute User-Defined Functions
257
Introduction to Batches
258
Control Statements
259
Using Compound Statements
260
Declarations in Compound Statements
261
Atomic Compound Statements
262
The Structure of Procedures
263
SQL Statements Allowed in Procedures
263
Declaring Parameters for Procedures
264
Passing Parameters to Procedures
265
Passing Parameters to Functions
265
Returning Results from Procedures
266
Returning a Value Using the RETURN Statement
266
Returning Results as Procedure Parameters
267
Returning Result Sets from Procedures
269
Returning Multiple Result Sets from Procedures
270
Returning Variable Result Sets from Procedures
270
Using Cursors in Procedures
271
Cursor Management Overview
272
Cursor Positioning
272
Using Cursors on SELECT Statements in Procedures
273
Errors and Warnings in Procedures
275
Default Error Handling in Procedures
276
Error Handling with on EXCEPTION RESUME
278
Default Handling of Warnings in Procedures
280
Using Exception Handlers in Procedures
281
Nested Compound Statements and Exception Handlers
283
Using the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement in Procedures
284
Transactions and Savepoints in Procedures
285
Some Tips for Writing Procedures
285
Check if You Need to Change the Command Delimiter
285
Remember to Delimit Statements Within Your Procedure
286
Use Fully-Qualified Names for Tables in Procedures
286
Specifying Dates and Times in Procedures
286
Verifying Procedure Input Arguments
287
Statements Allowed in Batches
287
Using SELECT Statements in Batches
288
Calling External Libraries from Procedures
288
Creating Procedures and Functions with External Calls
289
External Function Declarations
290
How Parameters Are Passed to the External Function
291
Special Considerations When Passing Character Types
292
CHAPTER 7 Ensuring Data Integrity
293
Data Integrity Overview
293
How Data Can Become Invalid
293
Integrity Constraints Belong in the Database
294
How Database Contents Get Changed
295
Data Integrity Tools
295
SQL Statements for Implementing Integrity Constraints
296
Using Table and Column Constraints
297
Using UNIQUE Constraints on Columns or Tables
297
Using IQ UNIQUE Constraint on Columns
298
Using CHECK Conditions on Columns
298
Column CHECK Conditions from User-Defined Data Types
299
Working with Column Constraints in Sybase Central
300
Using CHECK Conditions on Tables
300
Modifying and Deleting CHECK Conditions
300
Declaring Entity and Referential Integrity
301
Enforcing Entity Integrity
302
If a Client Application Breaches Entity Integrity
302
Primary Keys Enforce Entity Integrity
303
Declaring Referential Integrity
303
How You Define Foreign Keys
304
Referential Integrity Is Unenforced
304
Integrity Rules in the System Tables
305
CHAPTER 8 Transactions and Versioning
307
Overview of Transactions and Versioning
307
Introduction to Transactions
307
Introduction to Concurrency
310
Introduction to Versioning
311
Versioning Prevents Inconsistencies
319
How Locking Works
319
Locks for DML Operations
319
Locks for DDL Operations
320
Primary Keys and Locking
322
Isolation Levels
322
Checkpoints, Savepoints, and Transaction Rollback
323
Checkpoints
324
Savepoints Within Transactions
325
Rolling Back Transactions
327
System Recovery
327
How Transaction Information Aids Recovery
328
Performance Implications
329
Overlapping Versions and Deletions
330
Cursors in Transactions
331
Cursors and Versioning
332
Cursor Sensitivity
332
Cursor Scrolling
332
Hold Cursors
333
Positioned Operations
333
Cursor Command Syntax and Examples
333
Controlling Message Logging for Cursors
333
CHAPTER 9 International Languages and Character Sets
335
Introduction to International Languages and Character Sets
335
Adaptive Server IQ International Features
335
Using the Default Collation
336
Character Set Questions and Answers
336
Understanding Character Sets in Software
337
Pieces in the Character Set Puzzle
337
Language Issues in Client/Server Computing
338
Code Pages in Windows and Windows NT
339
Multibyte Character Sets
341
Sorting Characters Using Collations
342
International Aspects of Case Sensitivity
342
Understanding Locales
343
Introduction to Locales
343
Understanding the Locale Language
344
Understanding the Locale Character Set
345
Understanding the Locale Collation Label
348
Setting the SQLLOCALE Environment Variable
348
Understanding Collations
348
Displaying Collations
348
Supplied Collations
349
ANSI or OEM
351
Notes on ANSI Collations
352
Notes on OEM Collations
354
Using Multibyte Collations
356
Understanding Character Set Translation
356
Character Translation for Database Messages
356
Connection Strings and Character Sets
358
Avoiding Character-Set Translation
358
Collation Internals
359
Comment Lines
360
The Title Line
360
The Collation Sequence Section
361
The Encodings Section
362
The Properties Section
363
International Language and Character Set Tasks
364
Finding the Default Collation
364
Configuring Your Character Set Environment
364
Determining Locale Information
365
Setting Locales
366
Creating a Database with a Named Collation
366
Starting a Database Server Using Character Set Translation
368
Using ODBC Code Page Translation
368
Character Set Translation for Sybase Central and DBISQL
369
Creating a Custom Collation
369
Creating a Database with a Custom Collation
371
Compatibility Issues
371
Performance Issues
372
CHAPTER 10 Managing User Ids and Permissions
373
An Overview of Database Permissions
373
DBA Authority Overview
374
RESOURCE Authority Overview
375
Ownership Permissions Overview
375
Table and Views Permissions Overview
375
Group Permissions Overview
376
Managing Individual User Ids and Permissions
376
Creating New Users
377
Changing a Password
377
Granting DBA and Resource Authority
378
Granting Permissions on Tables and Views
379
Granting Users the Right to Grant Permissions
380
Granting Permissions on Procedures
381
Revoking User Permissions
382
Managing Groups
383
Creating Groups
383
Granting Group Membership to Users
384
Permissions of Groups
385
Referring to Tables Owned by Groups
385
Groups Without Passwords
386
Special Groups
387
Database Object Names and Prefixes
387
Using Views and Procedures for Extra Security
389
Using Views for Tailored Security
390
Using Procedures for Tailored Security
391
How User Permissions Are Assessed
392
Managing the Resources Connections Use
392
Users and Permissions in the System Tables
394
CHAPTER 11 Backup and Data Recovery
397
Backup Protects Your Data
397
Backing up Your Database
398
Types of Backups
398
Selecting Archive Devices
400
Preparing for Backup
401
Concurrency and Backups
403
The BACKUP Statement
403
Backup Examples
408
Recovery from Errors During Backup
409
After You Complete a Backup
410
Performing Backups with Non-Sybase Products
410
Performing System-Level Backups
411
Shutting down the Database
411
Backing up the Right Files
412
Restoring from a System-Level Backup
412
Validating Your Database
413
Interpreting Results
414
Concurrency Issues for Sp_Iqcheckdb
415
Restoring Your Databases
416
Before You Restore
416
The RESTORE Statement
419
Restoring in the Correct Order
423
Renaming the Transaction Log after You Restore
425
Validating the Database after You Restore
426
Restore Requires Exclusive Write Access
426
Displaying Header Information
427
Recovery from Errors During Restore
428
Using Symbolic Links (UNIX Only)
428
Unattended Backup
429
Getting Information about Backups and Restores
430
Locating the Backup Log
430
Content of the Backup Log
431
Maintaining the Backup Log
432
Viewing the Backup Log in Sybase Central
432
Recording Dbspace Names
432
Determining Your Data Backup and Recovery Strategy
433
Scheduling Routine Backups
434
Designating Backup and Restore Responsibilities
435
Improving Performance for Backup and Restore
435
CHAPTER 12 Managing System Resources
439
Introduction to Performance Terms
439
Designing for Performance
439
Overview of Memory Use
440
Paging Increases Available Memory
440
Utilities to Monitor Swapping
441
Server Memory
441
Managing Buffer Caches
442
Determining the Sizes of the Buffer Caches
442
Setting Buffer Cache Sizes
447
Specifying Page Size
449
Saving Memory
451
Optimizing for Large Numbers of Users
452
Platform-Specific Memory Options
454
Other Ways to Get more Memory
458
The Process Threading Model
459
Insufficient Threads Error
460
IQ Options for Managing Thread Usage
460
Balancing I/O
461
Raw I/O (on UNIX Operating Systems)
461
Using Disk Striping
462
Internal Striping
463
Using Multiple Dbspaces
465
Strategic File Locations
466
Working Space for Inserting, Deleting, and Synchronizing
467
Options for Tuning Resource Use
468
Restricting Concurrent Queries
468
Limiting a Query's Memory Use
469
Limiting Queries by Rows Returned
469
Forcing Cursors to be Non-Scrolling
469
Limiting the Number of Cursors
470
Limiting the Number of Statements
470
Lowering a Connection's Priority
470
Prefetching Cache Pages
470
Optimizing for Typical Usage
471
Other Ways to Improve Resource Use
471
Restricting Database Access
471
Disk Caching
471
Using RAM Disk
472
Indexing Tips
472
Picking the Right Index Type
472
Using Join Indexes
473
Allowing Enough Disk Space for Deletions
473
Managing Database Size and Structure
474
Managing the Size of Your Database
474
Denormalizing for Performance
474
Denormalization Has Risks
475
Disadvantages of Denormalization
475
Performance Benefits of Denormalization
475
Deciding to Denormalize
476
Improving Your Queries
476
Tips for Structuring Queries
476
Planning Queries
477
Setting Query Optimization Options
478
Network Performance
479
Improving Large Data Transfers
479
Isolate Heavy Network Users
480
Put Small Amounts of Data in Small Packets
481
Put Large Amounts of Data in Large Packets
482
Process at the Server Level
483
CHAPTER 13 Monitoring and Tuning Performance
485
Viewing the Adaptive Server IQ Environment
485
Getting Information Using Stored Procedures
485
Monitoring the Buffer Caches
487
Starting the Buffer Cache Monitor
487
Stopping the Buffer Cache Monitor
492
Examining and Saving Monitor Results
492
Examples of Monitor Results
493
Avoiding Buffer Manager Thrashing
496
Monitoring Paging on Windows NT Systems
497
Monitoring Paging on UNIX Systems
497
System Utilities to Monitor CPU Use
499
CHAPTER 14 Adaptive Server IQ as a Data Server
501
Client/Server Interfaces to Adaptive Server IQ
501
Configuring IQ Servers with DSEDIT
503
Sybase Applications and Adaptive Server IQ
508
Open Client Applications and Adaptive Server IQ
508
Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open Server
509
System Requirements
509
Starting the Database Server as an Open Server
509
Configuring Your Database for Use with Open Client
510
Characteristics of Open Client and Jconnect Connections
511
Servers with Multiple Databases
513
Index
515
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