Panasonic AG-HMC150 User Manual page 26

Canted frame. See Dutch angle.
Capture. e act of transferring digital video
material from a camera into a non-linear editing
system. When tapeless cameras are used, the term
ingest, transfer, or import are often used.
CCD (Charge-Coupled Device). A semiconductor
sensor that produces an electrical charge in response
to photons of light energy falling on the surface that
is widely used in the design of video and still cameras.
See also CMOS.
Chrominance (a.k.a. Chroma). e color
component of a video signal. See Luminance.
Cinéma vérité. In French, literally, "cinema truth."
A style of documentary lmmaking in which the
lmmaker captures real people in real situations with
spontaneous use of hand-held camera, naturalistic
sound recording, and with participation on the part
of the lmmaker, for example, Chronicle of a Summer
(1961, Jean Rouch & Edgar Morin, French title:
Chronique d'un été). Also called direct cinema,
however, direct cinema sometimes refers to a different
style that was dominant in the United States in the
1960s and differs in terms much less lmmaker
involvement, for example, Salesman (1968, Albert &
David Maysles).
Cinematographer. e person responsible for the
camera work and lighting in a lm. Sometimes the
term is used even though the medium in use is video.
Also called a lighting cameraman or director of
photography.
Clipping. When an input signal exceeds the
capability the equipment to reproduce the signal,
clipping occurs. In an analog recording system the
results are audible distortion, however, in a digital
system you end up with incomprehensible noise.
Close-up (CU). A close view of a person or object
which features details isolated from their
surroundings. A close-up of a person typically only
shows their head.
CMOS (Complementary Metal–Oxide–
Semiconductor). A technology used for making video
and still camera image sensors that consume less
power and are less expensive compared to CCDs. See
CCD.
Codec. e particular image processing technology
used to compress video into a compact format
suitable for storage on a digital medium (and also to
decompress it prior to playback) is called a codecs
(for compressor / decompressor). In a nutshell there
are two major avors of codecs, intra-frame and
Introduction to the Panasonic AG-HMC150 AVCHD camcorder (rough draft)
inter-frame. See also compression, intra-frame, inter-
frame.
Component video. A video signal in which the
Luminance and Chrominance signals are kept
separate. is requires a higher bandwidth, but yields
a higher quality picture.
Composite video. e luminance and chrominance
signals are combined in an encoder to create the
common standard de nition NTSC, PAL or SECAM
video signals. Typically the format that comes out of a
SD consumer VCR or camera (connector RCA
connector color-coded with yellow). Essentially a
form of analog video compression to allow the
economical broadcasting of video.
Compression. e process of reducing the amount
of digital information required to represent an image.
is is usually accomplished by throwing out
redundant information, or doing sophisticated
calculations to represent portions of the image in a
manner that they can be reconstructed with minimal
amounts of data. Compression techniques using
DCT techniques simply throw out redundant
information, other techniques like MPEG-2 and H.
264 use more sophisticated analysis, modeling, and
reconstruction techniques. See also Codec, inter-
frame, intra-frame.
Compression ratio. e ratio of the amount of data
in the original video compared to the amount of data
in the compressed video. e higher the ratio the
greater the compression.
Coverage. Additional and more detailed shots which
are intended to be intercut with a master shot or
scene. Typically involves shots and their respective
reverse-shots in a dialog scene, along with inserts and
possibly a two-shot, and any additional shots that will
help the editor construct the scene.
Crane shot. A shot taken from a crane or large
mechanical arm that moves the camera and its
operator smoothly and noiselessly in any direction.
See also Jib arm.
CRT. Cathode Ray Tube. e technical name for a
glass video picture tube. LCD at panel displays have
all but replaced them, and most manufacturers have
stopped making them for environmental and cost
reasons, but many colorists and cinematographers
still prefer to evaluate images on "glass" monitors
with SMPTE-C/EBU phosphors, providing accurate
color, tonal range, and solid black. In spite of their
image quality, their time is slowly coming to an end
as LCD monitors improve and offer a weight, cost,
and environmental advantage over CRTs.
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