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7.0
BASIC ARC WELDING GUIDE
7.01
Electrode polarity
Stick electrodes are generally connected to the " +" terminal and the work lend to the " -" terminal but if in
doubt consult the electrode manufacturers literature.
7.02
Effects of stick welding various materials
High tensile and alloy steels
The two most prominent effects of welding these steels are the formation of a hardened zone in the weld
area, if suitable precautions are not taken, the occurrence in this zone of under-bead cracks. Hardened zone
and under-bead cracks in the weld area may be reduced by using the correct electrodes, preheating, using
higher current settings, using larger electrodes size, short runs for larger electrode deposits or tempering in a
furnace.
Manganese steels
The effect on manganese steel slow of cooling from high temperature is to embrittle it. For this reason it
is absolutely essential to keep manganese steel cool during welding by quenching after each weld or skip
welding to distribute the heat.
Cast iron
Most types of cast iron, expect white iron, are weldable. White iron, because of its extreme brittleness,
generally cracks when attempts are made to weld it. Trouble may also be experienced when welding
white-heart malleable, due to the porosity caused by gas held in this type of iron.
Copper and alloys
The most important factor is the high rate of heat conductivity of copper, so making preheating of heavy
sections necessary to give proper fusion of weld and base metal.
Types of Electrodes
Arc welding electrodes are classified into a number of groups depending on their applications. There are
a great number of electrodes used for specialized industrial purposes, which are not of particular interest for
everyday general work. These include some low hydrogen types for high tensile steel, cellulose types for
welding large diameter pipes, etc. The range of electrodes dealt with in this publication will cover the vast
majority of applications likely to be encountered; are all easy to use and all will work on even the most basic of
welding machines.
Metals being joined
mild steel
mild steel
cast iron
stainless steel
copper, bronze, brass etc.
high alloy steels, dissimilar
metals, crack resistance, all
hard-to-weld jobs
BOSS ARC 140¡¢ 160 Operating Manual
Electrode
Ideal electrodes for all general purpose work. Features
6013
include out standing operator appeal, easy arc starting
and low spatter.
All positional electrodes for use on mild and galvanized
7014
steel furniture, plates, fences, gates, pipes and tanks etc.
Especially suitable for vertical-down welding.
Suitable for joining all cast irons except white cast iron.
nickel 99%
High corrosion resistance. Ideal for dairy work, etc. On
318L-16
stainless steels.
Easy to use electrode for marine fittings, water taps and
bronze
valves, water trough float arms, etc. Also for joining copper
5.7ERCUSI-A
to steel and for bronze overlays on steel shafts.
It will weld most problematical jobs such as springs,
312-16
shafts, broken joins mild steel to stainless and alloy steels.
Not suitable for Aluminum.
Table 13 Types of Electrodes
- 17 -
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