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Lake Shore 321-01 User Manual

Autotuning
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Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has existed which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary
rights of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. in these developments. Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents
existing or applied for. Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. reserves the right to add, improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design
modifications, or products at any time without notice. Lake Shore shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Rev. 1.5
User's Manual
Model 321
Autotuning
Temperature Controller
Includes Coverage For:
Model 321-01 – Silicon Diode
Model 321-02 – Platinum Resistor
Model 321-04 – Thermocouple
Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
575 McCorkle Blvd.
Westerville, Ohio 43082-8888 USA
Internet Addresses:
sales@lakeshore.com
service@lakeshore.com
Visit Our Website:
www.lakeshore.com
Fax: (614) 891-1392
Telephone: (614) 891-2243
P/N 119-004
25 March 2004

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Summary of Contents for Lake Shore 321-01

  • Page 1 Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. reserves the right to add, improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design modifications, or products at any time without notice. Lake Shore shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
  • Page 2 DuPont De Nemours. Copyright © 1993–1995, 1997, 1999–2001, and 2004 by Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Environmental Requirements....................2-3 Grounding and Shielding ....................2-3 Sensor Input Settings......................2-3 Sensor Installation....................... 2-4 2.7.1 Diode (Model 321-01) and Platinum (Model 321-02) Connections ......... 2-4 2.7.1.1 Two-Lead Versus Four-Lead Measurements............... 2-4 2.7.1.2 Connecting Leads to the Sensor .................. 2-5 2.7.1.3...
  • Page 4 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Title Page 3.2.4 Display Filter........................3-5 3.2.5 Curve ..........................3-5 3.2.6 SoftCal™ ..........................3-6 3.2.6.1 SoftCal Errors........................3-7 3.2.6.2 Customer-Performed SoftCal..................3-7 3.2.6.3 Entering Voltage Values from a Lake Shore SoftCal Report........3-9 3.2.6.4...
  • Page 5 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Title Page Serial Interface Commands ....................4-9 4.2.1 Display Commands......................4-10 4.2.2 Control Process Commands..................4-12 4.2.3 Curve Commands......................4-16 4.2.4 Analog Output Commands .................... 4-20 User Curve 11 Loading Program ..................
  • Page 6 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Title Page 6.10.1.5 Thermocouple Offset Adjustment ................6-15 6.10.1.6 Internal Thermocouple Compensation Adjustment.............6-16 6.10.2 Model 321-02 Calibration (Without Millivolt Voltage Standard)........6-16 6.10.2.1 Test Equipment ......................6-16 6.10.2.2 Test Setup........................6-16 6.10.2.3...
  • Page 7 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure No. Title Page Model 321 Temperature Controller Front Panel ................1-2 Model 321 Block Diagram......................1-6 Typical Model 321 Rear Panel...................... 2-2 Model 321 Front Panel ......................... 3-1 Definition of 2 by 16 Display ......................
  • Page 8 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual This Page Intentionally Left Blank Table of Contents...

  • Page 9: Introduction

    This chapter provides an introduction to the Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller. The Model 321 was designed and manufactured in the United States of America by Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. The Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller is a microprocessor-based instrument with digital control of a variable current output.

  • Page 10: Description

    The Model 321 is a microcontroller-based autotuning temperature controller which provides a simple, low-cost answer to basic control needs. There are three models: the 321-01 for Silicon Diode Temperature Sensors, the 321-02 for Platinum Resistors, and the 321-04 for Thermocouples.
  • Page 11 ±45 mV Sensor Excitation 10 µA ±0.05% 500 µA ±0.01% constant current constant current The following specifications reflect operational characteristics with the specified Lake Shore Sensor. Example Lake Shore Sensor DT-470-C0 PT-103 Ch-AuFe 0.07% Sensor Temp. Range 1.4 - 475 K 30 - 800 K 1.4 - 325 K...

  • Page 12: Model 321 Specifications

    Minimum temperature resolution is 0.1 K Front Panel: Display: 2 row by 16 character LCD Display Units: Temperature in K or °C. Sensor units in volts (321-01), ohms (321-02), or millivolts (321-04) Temperature Resolution: 0.1 K or °C Sensor Units Resolution:...

  • Page 13: Control Fundamentals And Autotune

    Lake Shore has simplified the input of the rate time constant in this controller to correspond to a percentage of the reset time constant, i.e., 0 to 200%. Consequently, if you are in the manual mode and you set RATE at 100%, on any change in RESET, the controller will automatically calculate the RESET time constant (999/RESET) and set the RATE time constant at 1/8 of the RESET time constant.

  • Page 14: Precision Calibration Options

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual PRECISION CALIBRATION OPTIONS The Lake Shore Precision Calibration Option allow the user to convert calibrated sensor data into breakpoint pairs readable by the controller program. The Precision Calibration Option is available in three forms.

  • Page 15: Safety Summary

    Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the instrument. Return the instrument to an authorized Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. representative for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.

  • Page 16: Electrostatic Discharge

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) may damage electronic parts, assemblies, and equipment. ESD is a transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electrostatic potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field. The low-energy source that most commonly destroys Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESDS) devices is the human body, which generates and retains static electricity.

  • Page 17: Installation

    Inspect shipping containers for external damage. All claims for damage (apparent or concealed) or partial loss of shipment must be made in writing to Lake Shore within five (5) days from receipt of goods. If damage or loss is apparent, please notify the shipping agent immediately.

  • Page 18: Definition Of Rear Panel Connections

    Model 2002 RJ-11 to DB-25 Adapter, and Model 2003 RJ-11 to DE-9 Adapter are available as accessories from Lake Shore. Refer to Chapter 4 for Serial Interface setup and commands. Refer to Chapter 5 for further information on the serial interface connector accessories.

  • Page 19: Environmental Requirements

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS The Model 321 is intended for laboratory use. In order to meet and maintain specifications, the Model 321 should be operated at an ambient temperature range of 20 to 30 °C (68 to 86 °F). The unit may be operated within the range of 15 to 35 °C (59 to 95 °F) with reduced accuracy.

  • Page 20: Sensor Installation

    2.7.1 Diode (Model 321-01) and Platinum (Model 321-02) Connections The Model 321 has a rear panel 6-pin input connector for silicon diode (Model 321-01) or platinum resistance (Model 321-02) sensors. The lead connections are defined in Table 2-1. Table 2-1. Diode or Platinum Input Connections...

  • Page 21: Connecting Leads To The Sensor

    (anode) is on the right and the negative lead (cathode) is on the left. The Lake Shore DT-470-SD silicon diode sensor lead configuration is shown below. For other sensors, read the accompanying literature or consult the manufacturer to ensure positive identification of sensor leads.

  • Page 22: Measurement Errors Due To Ac Noise

    Duo-Twist™ Cryogenic Wire, which features phosphor bronze wire, 32 or 36 AWG, twisted at 3.15 twists per centimeter (8 twists per inch). Duo-Twist wire is available from Lake Shore. Refer to the Lake Shore Product Catalog or contact Lake Shore for further information. Installation...

  • Page 23: Thermocouple (Model 321-04) Connections

    (Type E), black (Type J), yellow (Type K), and blue (Type T). For details on thermocouples or other sensors, see the Lake Shore Temperature Sensor Guide. Chromel™ vs. Gold with 0.03% or 0.07% Atomic Iron (0.03% not currently sold by Lake Shore)

  • Page 24: Sensor Input Error Messages

    To determine which curve is selected, press the Curve key. The default curve for the Model 321-01 is DT-470 Curve 10, being the second selection in the curve list built into the unit (refer to Table 2-2). This display is shown below.

  • Page 25: Sensor Curves

    43760), various thermocouple curves, and a factory installed Precision Calibration Option for a calibrated sensor. D and E1 Curve. Users of older Lake Shore DT-500 Series Diode Sensors can still use the Model 321 when set to D-Curve (Domestic) or E1-Curve (Export).

  • Page 26: Precision Calibration Option

    The 8001-321 Precision Calibration Option is installed at Lake Shore when you order your instrument with a calibrated sensor. If you order the instrument to be used with a Lake Shore calibrated sensor that you already own, Lake Shore will need to know the model number and serial number of your sensor at the time of order.

  • Page 27: 2.11 Rack Mounting

    2. Next, the unit displays the current RS-232C Baud rate setting. The default setting is 300 Baud. 3. The temperature sensor input type is then displayed. The type of sensor depends on the model of the instrument. A Model 321-01 will display the following message. A Model 321-02 will display the following message.

  • Page 28: 2.12.2 Power Up (Pup) Configuration

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual A Model 321-04 will display the following message. 4. The Model 321 then goes into normal operation showing the Temperature and Heater Range (High, Low, or Off) setting on the first line and the Setpoint and Heater % power on the second line.

  • Page 29: Operation

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual CHAPTER 3 OPERATION GENERAL This chapter describes Model 321 Temperature Controller operation. A definition of front panel controls is provided in Paragraph 3.1. Thermometry related functions are described in Paragraph 3.2.

  • Page 30: Definition Of 2 By 16 Display

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Ramp Rate Allows the user to set the rate at which the temperature setpoint increases or decreases when the user changes the setpoint value. Refer to Paragraph 3.3.3. Curve Used to select the sensor response curve. Refer to Paragraph 3.2.5.

  • Page 31: Thermometry Functions

    The Input Type button has been included to permit the user to ascertain the internal DIP switch setting configuration that determines the type of sensor input. When first configured at the factory, the Model number will correspond the type of sensor to be used with the controller. A Model 321-01 will display the following message.

  • Page 32: Units For Silicon Diode Input (Model 321-01)

    Units for Silicon Diode Input (Model 321-01) To select the display units for a silicon diode input (Model 321-01), press the Units button. Use the s, t, or Units button to cycle the selector arrow (→) between choices. The available selections are K (kelvin), C (Celsius), and V (Volts).

  • Page 33: Thermocouple Temperature Compensation (Model 321-04 Only)

    To determine which curve is selected, press the Curve button. The default curve for the Model 321-01 is Curve 10, being the second selection in the curve list built into the unit. Refer to Table 3-1. The default display is shown below.

  • Page 34: Softcal

    SoftCal provides the means to generate inexpensive calibrations for DT-400 Series sensors used with the Model 321 Temperature Controller. The Lake Shore DT-400 Series Sensors incorporate remarkably uniform sensing elements that exhibit precise, monotonic, and repeatable temperature response in the range from 2 K to 475 K.

  • Page 35: Softcal Errors

    The Customer may locally perform the SoftCal procedure using their own controller and silicon diode sensor. Although not as convenient as obtaining a Lake Shore SoftCal Report, it has the advantage of nulling the error of both the sensor and the controller as a system, thereby eliminating much of the controller error.
  • Page 36 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Press Enter. Use the numeric keypad to enter your actual reading (we will use 4.20 K). Be sure to enter the reading as accurately as possible. You will see the following display.

  • Page 37: Entering Voltage Values From A Lake Shore Softcal Report

    Entering Voltage Values from a Lake Shore SoftCal Report If a Lake Shore SoftCal Report was purchased, the voltage values for the 2 or 3 point calibration can be entered and the resulting modified Standard Curve 10 stored as Curve 12 in the controller.

  • Page 38: Erasing Softcal Curve

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Once the proper voltage value is entered, press the Enter button. The display will read “Processing...” for a couple of seconds, and then will return to the temperature selection display. Use the s, t, or SoftCal button to cycle the selector arrow (→) to 305 K and press the Enter button.

  • Page 39: Sensor Calibrations And Precision Options

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Lake Shore Silicon Diode Regarding accuracy, there are 3 things that can be done with a Temperature Sensor temperature sensor: Precision SoftCal™ Standard Calibration Calibration Standard sensors are interchange- A Lake Shore SoftCal applies only to...

  • Page 40: Control Functions

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual CONTROL FUNCTIONS The following front panel keyboard function are related to the control aspects of the Model 321. Function Paragraph Heater......3.3.1 Setpoint ..... 3.3.2 Ramp ......3.3.3 Autotune ....3.3.4 Manual.......

  • Page 41: Setpoint

    You may also use either s or t to increment or decrement the display in tenths of a degree. The setpoint can be set as follows: for a Model 321-01, the available selections are K (kelvin), C (Celsius), and V (Volts). For a Model 321-02, the available selections are K (kelvin), C (Celsius), and Ω...

  • Page 42: Autotune

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Press Enter to accept the new ramp rate. You will now return to the normal display. Now press the Setpoint button and use the numeric keypad to enter 100 K. You should see the following display.

  • Page 43: Initial Values Of Pid Parameters In Autotuning Mode

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 3.3.4.1 Initial Values of PID Parameters In Autotune Mode The initial values of the PID parameters in the Autotune mode are set when the controller is changed from Manual to either P, PI or PID control. The initial PID factory settings are 50 and 20 with the controller set for PI control.

  • Page 44: Setting Reset (Integral)

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual To experimentally determine the proper gain setting, use the following procedure. Set Autotune to Manual, then turn off both Reset (I) and Rate (D). Set in a nominal gain setting of 50. Make sure that the heater turns on;...

  • Page 45: Effect Of Temperature On Tuning Parameters

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual This display shows the current Derivative setting (the default setting is 100). Use the numeric keypad to enter a new setting. Press Enter to accept the new Proportional setting or Escape to return the normal display and retain the old setting.
  • Page 46 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Press the Enter button. The Enter Setpoint display will then appear. Use the numeric keypad to enter this setpoint. You should see the following display. Press the Enter button. The Heater Range display will then appear as follows.

  • Page 47: Record Of Zone Settings

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Zone Setting WorkSheet Zone 10 Setpoint: Heater Range P (1-999) I (1-999) D (1-200) Off Low High Zone 09 Setpoint: Heater Range P (1-999) I (1-999) D (1-200) Off Low High...

  • Page 48: Interface And Miscellaneous Functions

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual INTERFACE AND MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS The following front panel keyboard function are related to the thermometry or temperature control aspects of the Model 321. Function Paragraph Baud ......3.4.1 Analog Out.....3.4.2 Defaults/Reset....3.4.3 PUP .......3.4.4 3.4.1...

  • Page 49: Factory Default Settings

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Press the Enter button. This completes the definition of the analog output. The 0 to 10 volt output will now correspond to 2 K to 300 K. 3.4.3 Factory Default Settings The controller can be reset to factory default settings by pressing and holding the Escape button for ≈5 seconds.

  • Page 50: Power Up (Pup) Configuration

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 3.4.4 Power Up (PUP) Configuration A provision has been made to store a Power Up (PUP) configuration for the Model 321. This ensures that it will power up to a user-defined state after power down. Parameters including heater range, setpoint, gain, reset, units, and curve number are stored in non-volatile memory and preserved even when the line cord is disconnected.

  • Page 51: Internal Offset Adjustment

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 3.5.5 Internal Offset Adjustment When a new or different thermocouple is attached to the controller, you must adjust the offset to compensate for discrepancies in thermocouple material, leads, and connections. Offset adjustment trimpots are provided inside the Model 321 to allow offset calibration of the thermocouple.
  • Page 52 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual This Page Intentionally Left Blank 3-24 Operation...

  • Page 53: Remote Operation

    RS-232C standard specifies 25 pins, but 9-pin, 25-pin, and RJ-11 connectors are commonly used in the computer industry. For you convenience, Lake Shore offers a Model 2001 RJ-11 Cable. When combined with either the Model 2002 DB-25 Adapter or Model 2003 DE-9 Adapter, this cable assembly can be used to connect the instrument to a computer with the corresponding connector type (See Figure 4-1).

  • Page 54: Hardware Support

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Physical Connection (Continued) Equipment with Data Communications Equipment (DCE) wiring can be connected to the instrument with a straight through cable. However, if the interface is for Data Terminal Equipment (DTE), a Null Modem Adapter is required to exchange the transmit (TxD) and receive (RxD) lines.

  • Page 55: Message Flow Control

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Message Strings (Continued) A command string is issued by the computer and instructs the instrument to perform a function or change a parameter setting. The format is <command mnemonic><space><parameter data><terminators>. Command mnemonics are listed in Paragraph 4.2. Parameter data necessary for each one is described in Paragraph 4.2.1.

  • Page 56: Serial Interface Basic Programs

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.1.7 Serial Interface Basic Programs Two BASIC programs are included to illustrate the serial communication functions of the instrument. The first program was written in Visual Basic. Refer to Paragraph 4.1.7.1 for instructions on how to setup the program.
  • Page 57 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 4-2. Serial Interface Program Control Properties Current Name Property New Value Label1 Name lblExitProgram Caption Type “exit” to end program. Label2 Name lblCommand Caption Command Label3 Name lblResponse Caption Response...
  • Page 58 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 4-3. Visual Basic Serial Interface Program Public gSend As Boolean 'Global used for Send button state Private Sub cmdSend_Click() 'Routine to handle Send button press gSend = True 'Set Flag to True...

  • Page 59: Quick Basic Serial Interface Program Setup

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.1.7.2 Quick Basic Serial Interface Program Setup The serial interface program (Table 4-4) works with QuickBasic 4.0/4.5 or Qbasic on an IBM PC (or compatible) running DOS or in a DOS window with a serial interface. It uses the COM1 communication port at 9600 Baud.

  • Page 60: Program Operation

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.1.7.3 Program Operation Once either program is running, try the following commands and observe the response of the instrument. Input from the user is shown in bold and terminators are added by the program. The word [term] indicates the required terminators included with the response.

  • Page 61: Serial Interface Commands

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual SERIAL INTERFACE COMMANDS This paragraph provides a summary of the Serial Interface Commands. The summary is divided into four command groups: Display, Control Process, Curve Commands, and Analog Output Commands. A detailed list of Display Commands is provided in Paragraph 4.2.1. A detailed list of Control Process Commands is provided in Paragraph 4.2.2.

  • Page 62: Display Commands

    (volts, ohms, or millivolts). Example: If operating in kelvin with a Model 321-01, CUNI S[term] makes the units volts; being the sensor units for a diode sensor. The Model 321-02 platinum controller has sensor units of ohms, and the Model 321-04 thermocouple controller has sensor units of millivolts.
  • Page 63 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Display Commands (Continued) CUNI? Control Units Query. Input: CUNI? Returned: K, C, V, R, or M Remarks: Returns current control units setting. The character returned will be K for kelvin, C for Celsius, V for volts, R for Ohms or M for millivolts.

  • Page 64: Control Process Commands

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.2.2 Control Process Commands This paragraph provides a detailed description of each Control Process Command. These commands allow the interface to change any of the control parameters of the Model 321. Manual mode PID parameters are accessible as well as Autotuning status.
  • Page 65 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Control Process Commands (Continued) GAIN Set Gain While In Manual Control Mode. Input: GAIN XXX Returned: Nothing Remarks: The gain parameter can be filled in with an integer of 0 through 999.
  • Page 66 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Control Process Commands (Continued) RANG Set Heater Status. Input: RANG 0, RANG 2 or RANG 3 Returned: Nothing Remarks: Sets heater status where 0 = off, 2 = low, and 3 = high.
  • Page 67 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Control Process Commands (Continued) RAMP Enable/Disable Ramp Function. Input: RAMP 0 or RAMP 1 Returned: Nothing Remarks: RAMP 0 disables the ramping function while RAMP 1 enables ramping. RAMP? Ramping Enable/Disable Status Query.

  • Page 68: Curve Commands

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.2.3 Curve Commands This paragraph provides a detailed description of each Curve Command. The commands allow the user to verify existing curves added at the factory or enter and delete the user defined curve over the interface.
  • Page 69 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Curve Commands (Continued) CUID? Curve Identification Query. Input: CUID? Returned: WW,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX,Y,ZZ,... Remarks: Returns the header lines that identify the curves (standard sensor and user curve) loaded into each curve location. The information lines for the user curve will only be available if it is actually present.
  • Page 70 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Curve Commands (Continued) CURV11 (Continued) To view a typical output after using this command, refer to the example under the CURV? command. When entering, omit the temperature coefficient, number of points, and endpoints.
  • Page 71 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Curve Commands (Continued) Example: 00, STANDARD DRC-D ,N,31, 0.00000,499.9,0.19083,365.0, 0.24739,345.0,0.36397,305.0, 0.42019,285.0,0.47403,265.0, 0.53960,240.0,0.59455,220.0, 0.73582,170.0,0.54606,130.0, 0.95327,090.0,1.00460,070.0, 1.04070,055.0,1.07460,040.0, 1.09020,034.0,1.09700,032.0, 1.10580,030.0,1.11160,029.0, 1.11900,028.0,1.13080,027.0, 1.14860,026.0,1.07200,025.0, 1.25070,023.0,1.35050,021.0, 1.63590,017.0,1.76100,015.0, 1.90660,013.0,2.11720,009.0, 2.53660,003.0,2.59840,001.4, 6.55360,000.0[term] ECUR11 Edit or Add A Data Point In User Curve 11.

  • Page 72: Analog Output Commands

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.2.4 Analog Output Commands This paragraph provides a detailed description of each Analog Output Command. The commands allow the user to control the output of the analog output over the interface.

  • Page 73: User Curve 11 Loading Program

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual USER CURVE 11 LOADING PROGRAM To simplify the loading of User Curve 11, the following curve loading program is provided. The program is written in QuickBASIC V4.0. The user should create an ASCII file with the curve data in the same format as used in the CURV11 command.
  • Page 74 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual PRINT EDITOUT$; PRINT #2, EDITOUT$; FOR Z = 1 TO 5500: NEXT Z GOTO EDITLOOP1 EDITEND: 'End of edit loop '******************************************************************** '*** This section reads back the curve in 256 byte chunks '*** and displays the results on screen.

  • Page 75: Options And Accessories

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual CHAPTER 5 OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES GENERAL This chapter provides lists of Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller options and accessories. Model number are listed in Paragraph 5.1. Options are detailed in Paragraph 5.2. Finally, accessories are detailed in Paragraph 5.3.
  • Page 76 Platinum RTD Temperature Sensors. 9001-00X Lake Shore Cryogenic Wire. Lake Shore sells the following types of cryogenic wire: DT = Duo-Twist™, MN = Single Strand, MW = Manganin, NC = Nichrome Heater, ND = Heavy Duty, QL = Quad-Lead™, and QT = Quad-Twist™. Please refer to the Lake Shore Accessories Catalog for details.

  • Page 77: Model 2001 Rj-11 Cable Assembly

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Cable Length: 4.3 meters (14 feet) C-321-5-1.eps Figure 5-1. Model 2001 RJ-11 Cable Assembly 43 mm 15.8 mm (1.69 inches) (0.63 inches) C-321-5-2.eps Figure 5-2. Model 2002 RJ-11 to DB-25 Adapter 15.9 mm...
  • Page 78 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual C-321-5-4.eps Figure 5-4. Model 3022 Rack-Mount Kit Accessories & Probes...

  • Page 79: Model 3026 Dual Rack-Mount Shelf

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Refer to “Installation Procedure” Installation Procedure Installation Procedure Use 5/64 inch (2 mm) hex key to remove two 6-32 x 1/4 black button head screws from side of Instrument. Place Instrument on shelf.
  • Page 80 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual This Page Intentionally Left Blank Accessories & Probes...

  • Page 81: Service And Calibration

    Changing sensor input type is described in Paragraph 6.7. Paragraphs 6.8 thru 6.10 describe the calibration procedure for the Model 321-01, -02, and -04, respectively. Two calibrations for each model are provided: the first with the available precision equipment, the second without.

  • Page 82: Rear Panel Connector Definitions

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual ~ LINE ­10%, +5% 50-60 Hz FUSE DATA 100 / 120 0.5 A 3AG SB 220 / 240 0.25 A 5x20 mm T Power On/Off Screwdriver Fuse Drawer Switch Slot C-321-6-1.eps Figure 6-1.

  • Page 83: Analog Output Connector Details

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual ANALOG OUTPUT C-321-6-3.eps DESCRIPTION Analog Output – Center Conductor Ground – Connector Shell Figure 6-3. ANALOG OUTPUT Connector Details SENSOR C-321-6-4.eps DESCRIPTION – Current – Voltage + Current 500 µA (Platinum) + Voltage + Current 10 µA (Diodes)

  • Page 84: Optional Serial Interface Cable And Adapters

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual OPTIONAL SERIAL INTERFACE CABLE AND ADAPTERS To aid in Serial Interface troubleshooting, wiring information for the optional cable assembly and the two mating adapters are provided in Figures 6-6 through 6-8.

  • Page 85: Operating Software Eprom Replacement

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual OPERATING SOFTWARE EPROM REPLACEMENT The operating software for the Model 321 is contained on two Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) Integrated Circuits (ICs). The EPROM are numbered U22 (Master) and U19 (Slave).

  • Page 86: Error Messages

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual ERROR MESSAGES On power up, the Model 321 does a check of the internal memory. There are two potential error messages. The first is usually recoverable, the second is not. The first error display is shown below.

  • Page 87: Changing Sensor Input Type

    The Model 321 must be recalibrated when switched between sensor input types. MODEL 321-01 (SILICON DIODE) CALIBRATION There are two Model 321-01 (Silicon Diode) calibrations provided. If you have a 100 kΩ, 0.01% 25 ppm precision resistor available, use the procedure in Paragraph 6.8.1. If no precision resistor is available, use the optional procedure in Paragraph 6.8.2.

  • Page 88: Input Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6. Attach 100 kΩ precision resistor as shown below: 5 (+I) 4 (+V) TEST 100 k9 9 2 (­V) 1 (­I) 6.8.1.3 Input Calibration Use the following procedure to perform the input calibration.

  • Page 89: Typical Model 321 Pcb Layout

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual P-321-5-10.bmp Figure 6-10. Typical Model 321 PCB Layout Service...

  • Page 90: Model 321-01 Calibration (Without Precision Resistor)

    6.8.2 Optional Model 321-01 Calibration (Without Precision Resistor) The optional Model 321-01 (Silicon Diode) calibration without precision resistor is presented in four parts. First is list of test equipment in Paragraph 6.8.2.1. Second is the test setup in Paragraph 6.8.2.2. Third is the input calibration in Paragraph 6.8.2.3. Finally, analog output calibration is provided in Paragraph 6.8.2.4.

  • Page 91: Analog Output Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.8.2.4 Analog Output Calibration Use the following procedure to perform the analog output calibration. Attach test leads to TP3 (gnd1) and TP4 (Analog out). Press and hold the Analog Out key until the Model 321 enters the Analog output calibration mode.

  • Page 92: Input Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6. Attach 100 Ω precision resistor as shown below: 3 (+I) 4 (+V) TEST 100 9 9 2 (­V) 1 (­I) 6.9.1.3 Input Calibration Use the following procedure to perform the input calibration.

  • Page 93: Model 321-02 Calibration (Without Precision Resistor)

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.9.2 Optional Model 321-02 Calibration (Without Precision Resistor) The optional Model 321-02 (Platinum Diode) calibration without precision resistor is presented in four parts. First is list of test equipment in Paragraph 6.9.2.1. Second is the test setup in Paragraph 6.9.2.2.

  • Page 94: Model 321-04 (Thermocouple) Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.9.2.4 Analog Output Calibration Use the following procedure to perform the analog output calibration. Attach test leads to TP3 (gnd1) and TP4 (Analog out). Press and hold the Analog Out key until the Model 321 enters the Analog output calibration mode.

  • Page 95: 6.10.1.3 Input Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6. Configure the Millivolt Voltage Standard as shown below: 4 (+V) Voltage Standard ­ 2 (­V) 6.10.1.3 Input Calibration Use the following procedure to perform the input calibration. Power on (l) instrument.
  • Page 96 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.10.1.6 Internal Thermocouple Compensation Calibration When a new or different thermocouple is attached to the instrument, and internal thermocouple compensation is being used, it may be necessary to adjust the offset to compensate for discrepancies in thermocouple material, leads and connections.
  • Page 97 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.10.2.3 Input Calibration Use the following procedure to perform the input calibration. Power on (l) instrument. Allow instrument to warm up for at least one hour. Short across the input with as short a lead as possible.

  • Page 98: 6.10.2.5 Thermocouple Offset Adjustment

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.10.2.5 Thermocouple Offset Adjustment When a new or different thermocouple is attached to the instrument, and external thermocouple compensation is being used, it may be necessary to adjust the offset to compensate for discrepancies in thermocouple material, leads and connections.

  • Page 99: Appendix A - Glossary Of Terminology

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGY absolute zero . The temperature of –273.15 °C, or –459.67 °F, or 0 K, thought to be the temperature at which molecular motion vanishes and a body would have no heat energy.
  • Page 100 . In Lake Shore Temperature Controllers, the Autotuning algorithm automatically determines the proper settings for Gain ( P roportional), Reset ( I ntegral), and Rate ( D erivative) by observing the time response of the system upon changes in setpoint.
  • Page 101 . A feedback control system where the feedback device (sensor) and control actuator (heater) are joined by a digital processor. In Lake Shore controllers the heater output is maintained as a variable DC current source. digital data . Pertaining to data in the form of digits or interval quantities. Contrast with analog data.
  • Page 102 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Greek alphabet . The Greek alphabet is defined as follows: α Α ι Ι ρ Ρ Alpha Iota β Β κ Κ σ Σ Beta Kappa Sigma γ Γ λ Λ...
  • Page 103 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual line regulation . The maximum steady-state amount that the output voltage or current will change as the result of a specified change in input line voltage (usually for a step change between 105 – 125 or 210 – 250 volts, unless otherwise specified).
  • Page 104 . Material parameter which is the ratio of the magnetic induction (B) to the magnetic field strength (H): µ = B/H. Also see Initial Permeability and Differential Permeability. platinum (Pt) . A common temperature sensing material fabricated from pure platinum to make the Lake Shore PT family of resistance temperature sensor elements.
  • Page 105 Resolution should not be confused with accuracy. RhFe . Rhodium-iron. Rhodium alloyed with less than one atomic percent iron is used to make the Lake Shore RF family of sensors. Rhodium-iron is a spin fluctuation alloy which has a significant temperature coefficient of resistance below 20 K where most metals rapidly lose sensitivity.
  • Page 106 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual susceptance . In electrical terms, susceptance is defined as the reciprocal of reactance and the imaginary part of the complex representation of admittance: [suscept(ibility) + (conduct)ance]. susceptibility ( χ ) . Parameter giving an indication of the response of a material to an applied magnetic field. The susceptibility is the ratio of the magnetization (M) to the applied field (H).

  • Page 107: Appendix B - Handling Liquid Helium And Nitrogen

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual APPENDIX B HANDLING OF LIQUID HELIUM AND NITROGEN B1.0 GENERAL Liquid Helium (LHe) and liquid nitrogen (LN ) may be used in conjunction with the Model 321. Although not explosive, the following are safety considerations in the handling of LHe and LN B2.0...

  • Page 108: B4.0 Liquid Helium And Nitrogen Safety Precautions

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual B4.0 LIQUID HELIUM AND NITROGEN SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Transferring LHe and LN and operation of the storage dewar controls should be in accordance with the manufacturer/supplier’s instructions. During this transfer, it is important that all safety precautions written on the storage dewar and recommended by the manufacturer be followed.

  • Page 109: Appendix C - Curve Tables

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual APPENDIX C CURVE TABLES C1.0 GENERAL The following are curve tables applicable to the Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller. Table C-1. Standard Diode and Platinum Curves __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Platinum 100 Ω Breakpoint...
  • Page 110 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table C-2. Thermocouple Curves – Chromel versus Gold/Iron _________________________________________________________________________ Breakpoint Chromel–AuFe(0.03%) Chromel–AuFe(0.07%) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Number Temp (K) (mV) Temp (K) (mV) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ – 4.6676 – 5.2982 – 4.6067 – 5.2815 13.5 – 4.5259 –...
  • Page 111 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table C-3. Thermocouple Curves – Chromel versus Copper _________________________________________________________________________________________ Breakpoint Chromel vs. Constantan Chromel vs. Alumel Copper vs. Constantan _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Number Temp (K) V TC (mV) Temp (K) V TC (mV)
  • Page 112 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual This Page Intentionally Left Blank Curve Tables...

  • Page 113: Appendix Dapplication Notes

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual APPENDIX D APPLICATION NOTES D1.0 GENERAL This appendix includes these Lake Shore Applications Notes: 1. Fundamentals For Usage Of Cryogenic Temperature Controllers – Application Note ....Page D-1 2. Standard Curve 10 – Technical Data ................... Page D-8 3.
  • Page 114 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual III PROPORTIONAL CONTROL The block diagram in Figure 1 shows a systems in which only proportional control is being used. In this system, the desired control temperature setting (set point) is...
  • Page 115 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual To illustrate the effect of the sensor, in more detail, consider the idealized curve (Figure 4) for a Lake Shore silicon diode which has a nominal sensitivity of -50 mV/K below 30 kelvin and -2.5 mV/K above 30 kelvin.
  • Page 116 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual Since the thermal conductivity of cryogenic materials is finite, good practice dictates that the controller power output be the same order of magnitude as the cooling power. If, for example, the cooling power is 0.2 watt, and 50 watts is available, a change in set point to a higher temperature outside the proportional band of the controller will dump 50 watts into the system block.
  • Page 117 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual The Real World Revisited Since a real cryogenic system has non-zero thermal resistance, the value of the reset is important in setup of the controller. The amount of reset desired is dependent on: (1) the time required for the control sensor to reach equilibrium once it enters the proportional band;...
  • Page 118 0.1 mK in specially designed systems such as the Lake Shore calibration facility. Even above 30 K, where the sensitivity is reduced by a factor of 20, short-term controllability is better than 2 mK.
  • Page 119 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual For Further Reading E. M. Forgan, "On the Use of Temperature Controllers in Cryogenics". Cryogenics 14 (1974), pp. 207-214. This is a cogent discussion of the interaction between the electrical and thermal response times in a typical cryogenic control system.
  • Page 120 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual STANDARD CURVE 10 Standard Curve 10: Measurement Current = 10 µA ±0.05% dV/dT dV/dT dV/dT T (K) Voltage T (K) Voltage T (K) Voltage (mV/K) (mV/K) (mV/K) 1.40 1.69812 -13.1 16.0 1.28527...
  • Page 121 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual POLYNOMIAL REPRESENTATION Curve 10 can be expressed by a polynomial equation based on the Chebychev polynomials. Four separate ranges are required to accurately describe the curve. Table 1 lists the parameters for these ranges. The polynomials represent Curve 10 on the preceding page with RMS deviations of 10 mK.

  • Page 122: Dt-470 Series Temperature Sensors Installation And Operation

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual DT-470 SERIES TEMPERATURE SENSORS INSTALLATION AND OPERATION There are three aspects of using a temperature sensor which are critical to its optimum performance. The first involves the proper electrical and thermal installation of the connecting leads which run to the sensor, while the second aspect is the actual mounting of the sensor to the sample assembly.
  • Page 123 CAUTION: The preferred method for mounting the SD sensor is either the CO adapter or bonding with epoxy. Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. will not warranty replace any device damaged by a user-designed clamp or damaged through solder mounting.
  • Page 124 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual DT-470-ET / DT-470-MT DT-470-ET DT-470-MT Both adapters are gold-plated copper hex head bolts with the SD package mounted in a slot on the adapter head. The ET adapter screws into a ¼ inch deep, 6-32 threaded hole while the MT adapter screws into a 6 mm deep, 3x0.5 mm threaded hole.
  • Page 125 Temperature measurement errors will result if there is excessive AC noise or ripple in the circuitry. Further details can be found in the article by Krause and Dodrill given in the references. NOTE: All materials mentioned which are used in sensor installation are available from Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. References Krause, J.

  • Page 126: Measurement System Induced Errors In Diode Thermometry

    Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual MEASUREMENT SYSTEM INDUCED ERRORS IN DIODE THERMOMETRY by John K. Krause and Brad C. Dodrill Diode temperature sensors are capable of being used at the accuracy level of a few hundredths of a kelvin. However, in order to achieve this performance, proper measurement techniques must be used.
  • Page 127 The diodes tested were of the DT- 500 series of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. and have been in production long enough to have a substantial reliability and calibration history.
  • Page 128 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual The measured offset voltages shown in Figs. 4 and 6 can be understood by using the well-known result from p-n junction theory: I = I [exp(eV / nkT) - 1] where I = the forward current through the junction, I...
  • Page 129 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual The utilization of the small signal model has the advantage of being analytically simple. However, the model does not contain the nonlinearity inherent in the forward biased IV characteristics of a p-n junction. In an attempt ω...
  • Page 130 Lake Shore Model 321 Autotuning Temperature Controller User’s Manual IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS Noise in any measurement circuit is undesirable and should be eliminated to as great an extent as possible. The first step is to electrically shield all instrumentation and wiring and use proper grounding techniques.

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