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The company is always willing to give technical advice and assistance where appropriate.
Equally, because of the programme of continual development and improvement we reserve
the right to amend or alter characteristics and design without prior notice. This publication is
for information only.
HIGH
TEMPERATURE FURNACE
MODEL ITL- M-17702
This manual is issued under the authority of
Mr. J. P. Tavener, Managing Director
This manual refers to the following cells
Aluminium Freeze Point Cell
Silver Freeze Point Cell
Copper Freeze Point Cell
Isotech North America
158 Brentwood Drive, Unit 4
Colchester, VT 05446
Phone: 802-863-8050
Fax: 802-863-8125
sales@isotechna.com
www.isotechna.com
Page 1 of 37
HIGH TEMPERATURE
FURNACE HANDBOOK
ISSUE 8 - 05/05
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Summary of Contents for Isotech ITL- M-17702
- Page 1 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE MODEL ITL- M-17702 This manual is issued under the authority of Mr. J. P. Tavener, Managing Director This manual refers to the following cells Aluminium Freeze Point Cell Silver Freeze Point Cell...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Servicing the High Temperature Furnace Thermometric Fixed Points - A Tutorial 25 - 27 Defining Fixed Points and Related Data General Note on Isotech Metal Freeze Point Cells Precautions to Prevent Devitrification of Quartz Envelopes General Comment Additional Services and Information... -
Page 3: Guarantee
INTERFERENCE WITH THIS INSTRUMENT, OR FAILURE PROPERLY TO MAINTAIN IT, MAY INVALIDATE THIS GUARANTEE RECOMMENDATION The life of your ISOTECH Instrument will be prolonged if regular maintenance and cleaning to remove general dust and debris is carried out. Serial No:............ -
Page 4: Issue
The Blue conductor should be connected to Neutral and the Brown conductor to Live (Line). Warning: Internal mains voltage hazard. Do not remove the panels. There are no user serviceable parts inside. Contact your nearest Isotech agent for repair. Voltage transients on the supply must not exceed 2.5kV. -
Page 5: Health And Safety Instructions
Do not use the apparatus outside its recommended temperature range. If cased, do not return the apparatus to its carrying case until the unit has cooled. There are no user serviceable parts inside. Contact your nearest Isotech agent for repair. - Page 6 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE CERTIFICATE OF TEST SERIAL NO: Prior to despatch the following tests were carried out: Ω Date: Insulation Test: Ω Earth Impedance: Date: Temperature cycle to maximum temperature: Date: Communication's test (if applicable): PASS Date: Laboratory Test at °...
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Page 7: Cautionary Note
HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO PACKAGE THIS UNIT FOR TRANSPORT AND TO ENSURE ITS GOOD CONDITION ON ARRIVAL AT ITS DESTINATION. BEFORE COMMISSIONING IT IS NECESSARY TO REMOVE THE FURNACE CORE TRANSIT CLAMP. - Page 8 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 PRODUCTS OF ISOTHERMAL TECHNOLOGY LTD ARE INTENDED FOR TECHNICALLY TRAINED AND COMPETENT PERSONNEL FAMILIAR WITH GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE. IT IS EXPECTED THAT PERSONNEL USING THIS EQUIPMENT WILL BE KNOWLEDGEABLE AND SKILFUL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF APPARATUS WHICH MAY BE UNDER POWER OR UNDER EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE (MOLTEN METALS, CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS, ETC.) AND WILL APPRECIATE THE HAZARDS WHICH MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH, AND THE PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WITH, SUCH...
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Page 9: The High Temperature Furnace
These parameters are initially adjusted to optimal conditions for the Isotech Laboratory environment (ambient temperature of 20 ±2° C) in which the furnace was tested prior to shipment. - Page 10 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 A further safety device is provided in the furnace and is accessible by removing the top panel and some fibre insulation. It comprises a gold wire (Potassium Heat Pipe only) in series with the primary power circuit and is essentially in thermal contact with the furnace core.
- Page 11 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 FIGURE 1 SEALED METAL FREEZING POINT CELL A High-purity graphite crucible and cover B High-purity graphite sleeve C High-purity metal D Fused-quartz envelope, filled to give a pressure of 1 standard atmosphere at the metal freezing temperature Page 11 of 37...
- Page 12 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 FIGURE 2 SEALED METAL FREEZING-POINT CELL APPROXIMATE BODY DIMENSIONS Page 12 of 37...
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Page 13: Realising The Following Fixed Points: Aluminium & Silver
HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 FIGURE 3 A. Cooling Coil B. Heat Pipe Furnace C. Gold Fuse (for Potassium Heat Pipe only) D. Control Thermocouple E. Over-temperature thermocouple F. Heating Element G. Fibrewool Insulation H. Furnace Filler Pipe Controller J. - Page 14 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 Aluminium and Silver metals are characterised by a relatively short supercool (supercool is the characteristic of a freezing pure metal to remain liquid at a temperature below that at which the solid melts). The supercool of these metals can be expected to be less than 0.5°...
- Page 15 At the temperatures of Indium, Lead and Zinc it is generally permissible to withdraw a thermometer, of type Isotech 909, directly into room temperature. After exposure to Aluminium and Silver Point temperatures, slow cooling is vital to ensure that thermometer characteristics remain unaltered.
- Page 16 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 FIGURE 4 TYPICAL MELT/FREEZE SEQUENCE A. Initial temperature rise B. Temperature arrest during melt C. Furnace-controlled temperature D. Temperature drop caused by furnace controller adjustment to initiate freeze E. Depth of supercool (particularly pronounced for tin) F.
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Page 17: Cell Handling
ISSUE 8 - 05/05 CELL HANDLING In order to facilitate introduction to, and removal from, the furnace, Isotech provides, for each cell, supplementary equipment largely comprising an Inconel basket with detachable handle. To prevent the cell-surface becoming discoloured, it is recommended that, before using the cell, the basket and insulation be placed in the furnace and the furnace be taken to above the cell working temperature for at least 2 hours. - Page 18 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 DRAWING 410-07-00 ISSUE 5 CELL BASKET (SHORT) GENERAL ASSEMBLY DRAWING 410-07-01 ISSUE 3 TYPE B OPTIMAL CELL BASKET GENERAL ASSEMBLY Page 18 of 37...
- Page 19 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 DRAWING 410-07-04 ISSUE 1 TYPE C OPTIMAL CELL BASKET GENERAL ASSEMBLY Page 19 of 37...
- Page 20 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 Page 20 of 37...
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Page 21: Fault Finding And After Sales Services
Isotech (or the agent from whom you purchased the apparatus). On our helpline we are anxious to serve you and will swiftly be able to help you solve your problem, or deal with a technical enquiry. -
Page 22: Spare Parts
HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 SPARE PARTS Control Thermocouple N 935-14-42 Controller 2604 935-06-108 Controller 2216, RS422 935-06-101B Fuse 32A 935-12-48 Relay 110V 935-21-19 Contactor 110V 935-21-18 Rocker Switch 110V 935-27-02 Silicone Carbide Tube 935-29-20 Heater Assembly Page 22 of 37... -
Page 23: Servicing The High Temperature Furnace
HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 SERVICING THE HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE No regular servicing is required. THERMOMETRIC FIXED POINTS Page 23 of 37... - Page 24 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 A TUTORIAL The International Temperature Scale, the scale most used in science and industry, is based on a series of fixed point temperatures. Fixed points involve two-phase or three-phase equilibria of, ideally, pure materials to which constant temperature values have been assigned by primary thermometry.
- Page 25 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 Figure 1 shows the design of a cell for realising the liquid-solid equilibrium of pure metal. The metal is contained in a crucible of purified graphite, with a graphite cover and a graphite re-entrant sleeve.
- Page 26 28. For a given column height (of the order of 200mm for Isotech sealed freeze point cells), the correction will be proportional to metal density and to a coefficient expressing the sensitivity to pressure of the phase-change temperature.
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Page 27: Defining Fixed Points And Related Data
DEFINING FIXED POINTS AND RELATED DATA FIXED POINT ITS 90 TEMPERATURE PRESSURE ITL CELL DESIGNATION SUITABLE COEFFICIENT APPARATUS FOR CELL ° C mK/bar mK/m HEAD OPERATION SUBSTANCE ARGON TP -189.3442 83.8058 (NOT AVAILABLE FROM ITL) MERCURY TP -38.8344 234.3156 +5.4 +7.1 ITL-M-17724 ITL-M-17725... -
Page 28: General Note On Isotech Metal Freeze Point Cells
ISSUE 8 - 05/05 GENERAL NOTE ON ISOTECH METAL FREEZE POINT CELLS Isotech freeze point cells contain metal that is 99.9999+% pure, except that aluminium cells may be filled with metal not less than 99.999% pure, depending upon the availability of aluminium in suitable physical form. -
Page 29: Precautions To Prevent Devitrification Of Quartz Envelopes
ISSUE 8 - 05/05 PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT DEVITRIFICATION OF QUARTZ ENVELOPES The crucibles (containing the metal) of Isotech sealed fixed point cells are encased in an envelope of pure fused quartz, whose purpose is to avoid contamination of the enclosed metal, by foreign metal ions or oxygen. -
Page 30: General Comment
HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 GENERAL COMMENT The use of freeze-point cells embodies one of nature's simplest and most predictable phenomena. However, the technique (requiring association of cells with other equipment) involves subtlety and operator sensitivity. Before relying upon measurements made in them, the operator should perform enough freezes to become familiar with the cell, furnace, control, monitoring thermometer and readout (as a system) to ensure that the melt is clearly identifiable and sufficiently consistent. -
Page 31: Additional Services And Information
ISSUE 8 - 05/05 ADDITIONAL SERVICES AND INFORMATION Isotech operates one of the worlds most comprehensive UKAS supervised Laboratories. Training is available to customers at an agreed daily rate. The Isothermal Journal of Thermometry is a must for all Laboratory Managers and is available on subscription. -
Page 32: Appendix 1
ISSUE 8 - 05/05 COOLING COIL The Isotech Model 17702 High Temperature Furnace is intended to operate with water cooling over the top panel. A cooling coil and appropriate water connections are provided. Without water cooling the top panel temperature can eventually rise in excess of 100° C. It should be remembered that the furnace and its insulation possess a substantial thermal mass;... -
Page 33: Appendix 3
HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 NOTE ON THERMOMETER USE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE A thermometer of the Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer type, such as ITL Model 909 or 962, should never be completely withdrawn into ambient temperature when its temperature is above 500°... -
Page 34: Using The Pc Interface
HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 The principle of the operation of heat pipes is simple. The inside walls of the inner and outer tubes are covered with a fine wire mesh screen. When heated, the small amount of sodium with which the heat pipe is charged vaporises throughout the interior cavity and condenses on the walls of the cavity. -
Page 35: Cal Notepad
The Isotech conversion leads are suitable for maximum combined lead lengths of 10M that is adequate for most applications. Connections For RS232 use simply connect the Isotech cable, a 9 to 25 pin converter is included to suit PCs with a 25 pin serial converter. RS422 Connections... - Page 36 HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACE HANDBOOK ISSUE 8 - 05/05 Cal Notepad can be used to log and display values from the bath and an optional temperature indicator. Minimum System Requirements CNP requires Windows 95 / 98, a minimum of 5Mb of free hard drive space and free serial ports for the instruments to be connected.
- Page 37 From a Standard Installation: Click the START button Highlight PROGRAMS Select Isotech - Select Calpad Protocol The instruments use the "Eurotherm EI BiSynch Protocol" If required, e.g. for writing custom software the technical details are available from our website at, www.isotech.co.uk/refer.html...
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