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Summary of Contents for Sokkia Axis 3
- Page 1 GPS Receiver System Axis Operations Manual Part Number 750-1-0060 Rev 2...
- Page 2 United States of America (“U.S.A.”) and/or the jurisdiction in which you are located. Trademark Notice Sokkia is a trademark of Sokkia Co. Ltd. All other product and brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
Contents Chapter 1 Welcome ........... 1 Ports and Icons ............... 1 Notes, Cautions, and Warnings ........1 Obtaining Technical Support ........2 Chapter 2 Introduction ..........5 Understanding GPS ............5 2.1.1 How it Works ............5 2.1.2 GPS Services ............6 2.1.3 DGPS Format, GPS Standard ...... - Page 4 Contents 2.6.1 Wide Area Augmentation System ..... (WAAS)16 2.6.2 WAAS reception and DGPS ......17 Axis Receiver .............. 17 Axis Antenna.............. 18 Chapter 3 Receiver Set Up ........19 Receiver Layout and Connections ......19 3.1.1 Connecting Cables ..........20 3.1.2 Communication ..........21 Installing the Axis Receiver........
- Page 5 Contents Appendix A Troubleshooting ........35 Appendix B Specifications......... 36 Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions ....41 Axis...
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Page 7: Chapter 1 Welcome
Welcome Welcome to the Axis Operations Manual and congratulations on purchasing this high performance GPS product from Sokkia. The purpose of this manual is to familiarize you with the proper installation, configuration, and operation of your new receiver. The Axis is a high performance 12-channel GPS receiver with flexible real-time solutions. -
Page 8: Notes, Cautions, And Warnings
Chapter 1 Welcome regarding the installation, configuration, and operation of the Axis receiver. * Note: Notes outline important information of a general nature. CAUTION Cautions inform of possible sources of difficulty or situations that may cause damage to the product. WARNING Warnings inform of situations that may cause you harm. - Page 9 Phone +44-1270-25.05.11 Fax +27-12-663-7998 Fax +44-1270-25.05.33 Europe Central & South America Sokkia B.V. Sokkia Central & South America Businesspark De Vaart 1200 N.W. 78 Avenue Damsluisweg 1, 1332 EA Almere Suite 109 P.O. Box 1292, 1300 BG Almere Miami, FL...
- Page 11 Welcome Chapter 1 3™ Axis...
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Page 12: Chapter 2 Introduction
Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter provides a brief overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS), differential GPS (DGPS), beacon and satellite differential and a description of the Axis receiver, antenna, and accessories. Understanding GPS The United States Department of Defense (DoD) operates a reliable, 24 hour, all-weather GPS. -
Page 13: Gps Services
Chapter 2 Introduction To calculate a geographic position, the GPS receiver uses a complex algorithm incorporating satellite coordinates and ranges to each satellite. Reception of any four or more of these signals allows a GPS receiver to compute 3D coordinates. Tracking of only three satellites reduces the position fix to 2D coordinates (horizontal with fixed vertical). -
Page 14: Differential Gps
Introduction Chapter 2 Differential GPS The purpose of DGPS is to remove the effects of atmospheric errors, timing errors, and satellite orbit errors, while enhancing system integrity. 2.2.1 How it Works DGPS involves setting up a reference GPS receiver at a point of known coordinates. -
Page 15: Omnistar Signal Information
Chapter 2 Introduction 2.3.1 OmniSTAR signal information The OmniSTAR satellite correction is a line-of-sight UHF signal similar to the GPS signal. Various L-Band communications satellites are used for transmitting the correction data to OmniSTAR users around the world. The OmniSTAR signal can be used where beacon signals are not available. -
Page 16: Activating The Omnistar Service
Introduction Chapter 2 from an entire network as opposed to a single base station. When the signal is demodulated by a DGPS receiver, it is converted to a local-area format (standard RTCM SC-104, message Type 1) for input. The Axis L-Band receiver uses a feature called a Virtual Base Station (VBS) when processing the OmniSTAR wide-area signal. -
Page 17: Over-Air Subscription Activation
Chapter 2 Introduction 2.3.2.2 Over-Air Subscription Activation After you contact OmniSTAR, your subscription can be activated on your Axis receiver over the air. The internal DGPS receiver will automatically lock on to the signal even if your subscription has not been activated, however it is of no use to you until your subscription is activated. -
Page 18: Radio Beacon Service
Introduction Chapter 2 * Note: Please see the service contract included with the Axis receiver system. Radio Beacon Service The Axis receiver is able to use differential corrections received through the internal beacon receiver, operating seamlessly with DGPS beacon networks throughout the world. The receiver uses signals from the United States Coast Guard (USCG), Canadian and all International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) stations to provide free... -
Page 19: Radiobeacon Messages
Chapter 2 Introduction A radiobeacon transmission has three components: a direct line of sight wave, a ground wave, and a sky wave. The line of sight wave is not significant beyond visual range of the transmitting tower, and does not have a substantial impact upon signal reception. -
Page 20: Radiobeacon Coverage
Introduction Chapter 2 2.4.3 Radiobeacon Coverage Figure 1 shows the approximate radiobeacon coverage throughout the world. In this figure, light shaded regions note current coverage, with beacon stations symbolized as white circles. Figure 1: World DGPS Radiobeacon Coverage—April 1999 The world beacon networks continue to expand and coverage areas are growing. -
Page 21: Radio Beacon Position Accuracy
Chapter 2 Introduction Radio Beacon Position Accuracy Many factors affect the positioning accuracy that a user may expect from a DGPS system. The most significant of these influences include: • Proximity of the remote user to the reference station • Age of the received differential corrections •... -
Page 22: Latency
Introduction Chapter 2 2.5.2 Latency The latency of differential corrections also affects the achievable positioning accuracy at the remote receiver. Latency is a function of the following: • The time it takes the base station to calculate corrections • The data rate of the radio link •... -
Page 23: Satellites Visible
Chapter 2 Introduction 2.5.4 Satellites Visible The number of satellites visible and their geometry in the sky influences positioning accuracy. The Dilution of Precision (DOP) describes the strength of location and number of satellites in view of the receiver. A low DOP indicates a strong potential for better accuracy than a high DOP. -
Page 24: Waas Reception And Dgps
Introduction Chapter 2 WAAS is available free of charge within the coverage area, and it offers real-time corrections for the continental U.S. and beyond. Corrections are typically in the 1-2 meter range, but may be better or worse depending on the local environment. 2.6.2 WAAS reception and DGPS WAAS consists of nationwide networks of reference stations... -
Page 25: Axis 3 Antenna
Chapter 2 Introduction • Use any power source between 9.5 and 40 Volts DC • Cables included • One antenna for GPS/L-Band/beacon/WAAS included Axis Antenna The antenna is used with the Axis to acquire the GPS, L-Band, 300 kHz beacon and WAAS signals concurrently. The antenna supplied with the Axis receiver provides radio frequency signals to all internal receivers. -
Page 26: Chapter 3 Receiver Set Up
Chapter 3 Receiver Set Up This chapter contains instructions and recommendations for the installation of the Axis receiver and antenna. Receiver Layout and Connections The Axis receiver is easy to setup and use. Operation requires three items: • Antenna cable connection between the receiver and the antenna •... -
Page 27: Connecting Cables
Chapter 3 Receiver Set Up Figure 1: Back panel Table 1: DB9F 3.1.1 Connecting Cables Two cables are required to operate and communicate with the Axis receiver (a controller cable and an antenna cable). Both cables are provided with the purchase of a new receiver. In some systems a null modem adapter is required (included). -
Page 28: Communication
Receiver Set Up Chapter 3 Figure 2: Null Modem Adapter The system is powered through the power cable and connected directly to the system CPU. Figure 3: Power Cable Figure 4: Antenna Cable 3.1.2 Communication Receiver communication with a data collector is handled through Port A, GPS Port, or an Auxiliary Port. -
Page 29: Installing The Axis Receiver
Chapter 3 Receiver Set Up You can adjust the baud rate of each port. Defaults are set as Port A - 9600 baud. Installing the Axis Receiver To ensure optimum receiver performance and ease of operation, observe the following considerations when installing the Axis receiver. -
Page 30: Placing Antenna For Optimal Reception
Receiver Set Up Chapter 3 • Choose a location with a clear, unobstructed view of the sky. • Choose a location that is at least three feet away from all forms of transmitting antennas and communication equipment. • Do not locate the antenna where environmental conditions exceed those specified in Section 3.2.1, on Page 22. -
Page 31: Connecting The Axis
For more information on antenna connections, see your Axis Jump Start Guide. CAUTION Connect the Axis 3 antenna to the Axis 3 receiver before you apply power to the receiver. Installing the Data Collector To establish communications between the Axis receiver and your data collector, connect the data collector to the receiver’s... - Page 32 Receiver Set Up Chapter 3 has been purchased and activated for your receiver. See Section 2.3, OmniSTAR Worldwide DGPS Service, page 6 for more information. • If you are using 300 khz beacon capability, make sure you are operating in an area where beacon service is available. •...
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Page 34: Chapter 4 Axis 3 Operation
Operation of the Axis receiver is relatively care free. Your receiver is configured to work right out of the box with most GIS data collection systems like Sokkia’s IMap . This chapter introduces the display features of the receiver’s operating mode and its default operating parameters. -
Page 35: Interpreting Led Indicators
Chapter 4 Axis Operation Interpreting LED Indicators The Axis receiver has three LED indicators. You can determine operation status including power, DGPS lock, GPS lock and L- Band presence by the color of each indicator. Refer to the following table for more information. Figure 2: Axis Front Panel LED Display Table 2: LED Status Display... -
Page 36: Other Led Conditions (Omnistar)
LED may blink in sequence three times. If this is the case, your OmniSTAR subscription on the receiver has expired. Information on purchasing OmniSTAR subscriptions is available through your Sokkia distributor. Refer to section 2.3.2.2 for more information. Understanding Settings... -
Page 37: Default Configuration
Chapter 4 Axis Operation Table 3: Adjustable Settings Parameter Settings Options Baud Rate (A/B) 4800, 9600, 19200 NMEA Message Output GGA, GLL, VTG, GSV, RMC, GSA, GST Differential GPS source Beacon, L-Band, WAAS Mask Angle 10 degrees (recommended) Frequency/Bit rate Auto, Manual Differential Age Time Out 60 seconds... -
Page 38: Using Abs Mode
Axis Operation Chapter 4 In Manual Tune Mode, you can specify the frequency or select the beacon by name from the built-in global listing. 4.4.1 Using ABS Mode Using ABS, the Axis receiver selects and tunes to the most appropriate beacon without operator intervention. The Axis operates in ABS mode by default and uses its two independent channels to identify and lock to DGPS beacons without interrupting the continuous flow of RTCM data to your GPS... -
Page 39: Using Manual Mode
Chapter 4 Axis Operation signal quality. If a DGPS broadcast is identified that exhibits a 2 dB greater signal strength than that of the primary station, the receiver will automatically switch to this beacon. No loss of lock occurs on the primary station during the background scan. The Axis receiver stores the current primary beacon in memory so that it is available upon subsequent power-up. -
Page 40: Dgps Performance
Axis Operation Chapter 4 Reception Appx. Data Throughput Description 7 to 10 Intermittent Low data throughput <7 No Lock No data throughput DGPS Performance The OmniSTAR receiver provides both a lock LED and a bit error rate, monitored through the data collector, to describe the lock status and reception quality. -
Page 42: Troubleshooting
• Check that the power LED is illuminated power • Ensure that batteries are properly charged and connected No data from Axis 3 • Check receiver power status (PWR LED illuminated?) receiver • Verify that Axis receiver is locked to a valid correction source (DGPS LED Illuminated) •... -
Page 44: Specifications
Appendix B Specifications This appendix provides the operational, mechanical, electrical, physical and environmental specifications for the following products: • Axis receiver • Axis Combination antenna Axis Combination GPS/Beacon Receiver Specifications Internal GPS Engine Operational Specifications Item Specification Frequency 1.575 GHz Channels Horizontal Accuracy 1m 95% confidence (DGPS) - Page 45 Appendix B Specifications Serial Interface Specifications Item Specification Interface Levels RS-232C Data Connector DB9 Socket Data Port Baud Rate 4800, 9600, 19200 Data Output Format RTCM SC-104, NMEA 0183 Data Input Protocol NMEA 0183 Power Specifications Item Specification Input Voltage 9.5 to 48 VDC Power Consumption <...
- Page 46 Specifications Appendix B Table 1: Axis Combined Loop / GPS Antenna Specifications Operational Specifications Item Specification Frequency Range, Beacon 283.5 to 325 kHz LNA Gain, Beacon 34 dB Pre-Amplifier, Beacon Integral Low Noise Amplifier Frequency Range, GPS L1 (1575 MHz ± 10 MHz) LNA Gain, GPS 28 dB Power Specifications...
- Page 47 Appendix B Specifications Environmental Specifications Operating Temperature -40 ºC to + 85 ºC Humidity 100% Condensing 3™ Axis...
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Page 49: Frequently Asked Questions
General Question: How do I get OmniSTAR service? Answer: OmniSTAR service is provided through OmniSTAR, Inc. To purchase an OmniSTAR license, contact your Sokkia distributor or visit http://www.omnistar.com. Refer to section 2.3.2.2 for more information. Question: Where is the 300-khz signal available? Answer: The beacon signal is broadcast from transmission stations around the world. - Page 50 Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions Communication Question: Do I need a 10 Hz output? Answer: No. The Axis receiver’s output rate is 5 Hz, which is suitable for most applications. Many GPS data messages are output less than 1 Hz due to the amount of data being computed and transmitted.
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Page 51: Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions 3™ Axis... - Page 52 Index accuracy multipath antenna cables installing radiobeacon specifications background search automatic beacon search (abs) coverage global search range background search reception baud rate range range rate receiver front panel cables specifications connectivity RTCM SC-104 customer support selective availability (sa) data collector signal to noise ratio (snr) installing specifications...
- Page 54 Phone +91-011-8-527850 / 525781 Fax +91-011-8-525769 SOKKIA GULF P.O.Box 4801, Dubai, U.A.E., Phone +971-4-368539 Fax +971-4-368549 SOKKIA RSA PTY. LTD. P.O. Box 7998, Centurion, 0046 Republic of South Africa, Phone +27-12-663-7999 Fax +27-12-663-7998 SOKKIA CO., LTD. SHANGHAI REP. OFFICE 11F No.8, Tower 1 Kerry...