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Focus Bridge/Router MX-4DV User Manual

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  • Page 2: Fcc Statement

    FOCUS Enhancements MX-4 DV User Guide, © 2004. No part of this book may be reproduced in hard copy, electronically, or by any other means without the expressed, written permission of FOCUS...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    DISCLAIMER • 2 TRADEMARKS • 2 FCC Statement • 2 NTRODUCTION Major Features • 2 Common Uses for MX-4 DV • 4 MX-4 DV Package Contents • 5 About this User Guide • 6 UICK TART Quick Start Steps • 10 Setting Up •...
  • Page 4 CONTENTS Changing the Routing • 74 Example: Changing the Routing • 75 Routing Audio Through Color or Background Channels • 76 Sub-Route Menus • 77 Learn • 78 Compose • 79 PIPs • 79 Audio Mix • 79 Freeze • 79 Field and Frame Freezes •...

  • Page 5: Introduction

    Welcome to the MX-4 DV, and thank you for buying FOCUS Enhancements products. This chapter contains: • Brief descriptions of major MX-4 DV features • Typical uses for the MX-4 DV • How to contact FOCUS Enhancements • An inventory of package contents •...

  • Page 6: Disclaimer

    You can also build your own custom menu for quick access to those effects you use most often. Take advantage of FOCUS Enhancements downloadable subscription site which provides additional new transitions and natural shapes to better serve your production needs.
  • Page 7 NTRODUCTION AJOR EATURES Connectivity — MX-4 DV provides multiple video/audio outputs, including one DV output, two Y/C Program outputs, two composite Program outputs, one composite Preview output, two sets of stereo audio outputs, and a Headphone output. Joystick — The joystick gives you fine control over color adjustments and positioning of PIP (pic- ture-in-picture), compose, and the chromakey cursor.

  • Page 8: Common Uses For Mx-4 Dv

    NOTE MX-4 DV is not an edit controller — that is, it does not control VCRs, camcorders, and similar devices. You can control the sources manually, or use external edit controllers such as those manufactured by FOCUS Enhancements. HAPTER...

  • Page 9: Dv Package Contents

    NTRODUCTION MX-4 DV P ACKAGE The MX-4 DV package contains the items shown below. Check your package against the illustra- tion. OWER ONTENTS MX-4 DV Unit DAPTER AND If your package doesn’t contain all of the items shown here, contact the dealer where you purchased the MX-4 DV for the necessary replacements.

  • Page 10: About This User Guide

    MX-4 DV U UIDE BOUT THIS UIDE This User Guide contains the chapters, appendixes, and other sections shown in the following table. Table 1: User Guide Contents HAPTER Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Quick Start Chapter 3 Installing MX-4 DV Chapter 4 Basic Operations Chapter 5...
  • Page 11 ESCRIPTION MX-4 DV product specifications. Summarizes operational differences between MX-4 DV and FOCUS Enhancements’s Video Mixers. Definitions of terms frequently used in conjunction with MX-4 DV and video mixing procedures. Standard index to topics in this manual.
  • Page 12 MX-4 DV U UIDE HAPTER An Output displays or records a mixed signal (such as the video on one channel, a transition, and the video on another channel) on an output device. The output device might be a recording VCR or a live broadcast signal.

  • Page 13: Quick Start

    CHAPTER 2 UICK TART This chapter contains brief instructions for setting up MX-4 DV with basic equipment. The instructions do not go into detail. If you feel comfortable connecting video and audio equip- ment, you can probably get started quickly using these instructions. If you are upgrading from the Videonics MXPro DV, refer to Appendix APPENDIX E, Help for MXPro DV Users, for helpful information in setting up your MX-4 DV.

  • Page 14: Quick Start Steps

    MX-4 DV U UIDE UICK TART TEPS Setting Up Preview Monitor PREVIEW OUT • Connect a COMPOSITE-type monitor to MX-4 DV’s PREVIEW OUT jack. • Connect an Input Source (such as a VCR or camcorder) to the MX-4 DV’s DV IN 1 jack. •...

  • Page 15: The Preview Screen

    UICK TART • Connect the MX-4 DV power supply to the power supply jack on the rear panel. • Connect the MX-4 DV’s power cord to a suitable outlet. • Turn on all devices (the MX-4 DV power switch is located on the right end of the unit) and let the tapes roll.

  • Page 16: Running The Demo

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Using the Route The Route function ensures that the MX-4 DV understands where your input devices are connected Function on the rear panel. If you connect Y/C devices to the IN1, IN2, IN3, and/or IN4 jacks, re-routing is not necessary.

  • Page 17: Cutting Between Sources

    UICK TART Cutting Between Sources • Press The light below the A button comes on and the Output monitor displays the signal from what- ever device is plugged into the inputs labeled IN 1. The yellow highlight above preview image A tells you it is the currently active input.

  • Page 18: Running Transitions

    MX-4 DV U UIDE LEFT to move the selection vertically: or, press 2 then Selected Transition The MX-4 DV transitions between the two sources using the horizontal wipe transition with the Output screen showing the results. Running Transitions You can run transitions automatically or manually. •...

  • Page 19: Choosing Transitions

    UICK TART Choosing Transitions The Preview screen contains the Transitions Menu. This menu contains icons and other informa- tion for all MX-4 DV transitions. A blue highlight indicates the transition selected for the next transition. • Select Transitions in the following ways: ARROW NUMBER appears below the transition icon on the PREVIEW screen (in the following example, the...
  • Page 20 MX-4 DV U UIDE • Using the • Freeze the picture, and compress it. • Separately control the sound. • Apply input effects, such as mosaic, paint (posterization), negative, and more. • Use chromakey to combine parts of one picture with parts of another. •...

  • Page 21: Installing The Mx-4 Dv

    NSTALLING THE This chapter explains how to install (or, set up) MX-4 DV to use with other equipment. Major topics include: • Understanding Sources and Output • Understanding Preview and Program monitors • Understanding the MX-4 DV connectors • Identifying Cables and Adapters you might need •...

  • Page 22: Sources And Output

    MX-4 DV U UIDE OURCES AND UTPUT Source and Output refer to the way you use devices with MX-4 DV. Source Output Source — A source is an input device. Each source provides a video signal, audio signal, or both. You use the MX-4 DV to combine and (optionally) animate these signals.

  • Page 23: Preview Monitor

    MX-4 DV NSTALLING THE Preview Monitor Preview Monitor The Preview monitor is your “working” monitor. Most of the time it contains controls for manag- ing Source and Output devices. For example, it shows miniature versions of images coming from the attached VCRs and camcorders. The Preview monitor also shows a menu of transitions and other effects from which you can choose.

  • Page 24: Understanding Mx-4 Dv Connectors

    MX-4 DV U UIDE MX-4 DV C NDERSTANDING To properly setup the MX-4 DV, you need to know how and where to connect external compo- nents – such as VCRs, camcorders, and so forth. Use cables to connect video devices to the MX-4 DV’s rear panel.
  • Page 25 MX-4 DV MX-4 DV C NSTALLING THE NDERSTANDING ONNECTORS...

  • Page 26: Power Connector

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Power Connector The MX-4 DV package contains the required transformer and power cord for the unit. Power Adapter WARNING SE ONLY THE POWER CORD AND TRANSFORMER PROVIDED IN THE PACKAGE USE THIS POWER CORD AND TRANSFORMER WITH ANY OTHER EQUIPMENT OBSERVE THESE CONDITIONS CAN DAMAGE YOUR EQUIPMENT AND VOID YOUR WARRANTY To connect the power cord and transformer:...
  • Page 27 MX-4 DV NSTALLING THE CAUTION When making connections, always connect the OUT from one device to the IN on the other device. NEVER connect OUT to OUT or IN to IN Microphones Audio Connectors To connect a stereophonic audio device to the MX-4 DV, you need two separate audio cables — one for the left channel and one for the right.

  • Page 28: Installation Examples

    MX-4 DV U UIDE NSTALLATION XAMPLES This section shows examples of two common MX-4 DV configurations, but does not describe every possibility. Before proceeding, study the following diagram (MX-4 DV Installation Concept) that shows overall configuration concepts. MX-4 DV Installation Concept This diagram illustrates the overall concept for installing equipment with...

  • Page 29: Using Headphones

    MX-4 DV NSTALLING THE Using Headphones To use headphones, connect them to the Headphone jack, which is located on the middle of the unit. The jack accepts standard stereo headphones with a miniature plug. If your headphones have a large plug, you need an adapter to switch it to a miniature plug. VCR Selector Switches Many VCRs have an input selector switch that routes between Line (or AUX, EXT, A/V, or S) and Tuner.

  • Page 30: Post Production Configuration

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Post Production Configuration This configuration is useful in a Post-Production environment—where you mix two or more pro- grams together. This installation example below shows the use of DV equipment in combination with analog equipment. Connect the VIDEO OUT from a DV VTR 1 to DV IN 1 on the MX-4 DV rear panel. Connect the AUDIO OUTs from a DV VTR 1 to AUDIO IN 1 on the MX-4 DV rear panel.
  • Page 31 MX-4 DV NSTALLING THE RODUCTION ONFIGURATION...

  • Page 32: Live Broadcast Configuration

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Live Broadcast Configuration This configuration is useful in a Live Broadcast environment. Connect the VIDEO OUT from Camera 1 to VIDEO IN 1 (Y/C) on the MX-4 DV rear panel. Connect the AUDIO OUTs from Camera 1 to AUDIO IN 1 on the rear panel. Connect the VIDEO OUT from Camera 2 to VIDEO IN 2 on the MX-4 DV rear panel.
  • Page 33 MX-4 DV NSTALLING THE ROADCAST ONFIGURATION...

  • Page 34: Using A Microphone With Mx-4 Dv

    MX-4 DV U UIDE SING A ICROPHONE WITH • Professional quality microphone • Microphone cable (male-XLR to female-XLR connectors) • An audio direct box (which you can purchase from any professional audio equipment dealer) • A 1/4 inch (phone jack) to RCA cable •...

  • Page 35: Basic Operations

    This chapter describes several basic MX-4 DV operations, including: • Starting and stopping the MX-4 DV • Using the MX-4 DV keyboard • Using the Preview screen • Using CURRENT and NEXT sources • Selecting Sources • Using the VIDEO/AUDIO selector •...

  • Page 36: Understanding The Keyboard

    MX-4 DV U UIDE TARTING AND TOPPING THE Press the Power switch to start or stop the MX-4 DV. The switch, located on the right-end of the unit, is a rocker-type switch. NDERSTANDING THE Use the MX-4 DV keyboard to control how the unit operates. This section briefly describes the button groups and, in some cases, individual buttons and con- trols.
  • Page 37 ASIC PERATIONS NDERSTANDING THE EYBOARD...
  • Page 38 MX-4 DV U UIDE Control Buttons — Use these buttons to reverse transition direction, change transition speed, specify background and border colors, and set border styles. 10 Numeric Keypad — Use for various functions, such as entering the number of a transition you want to use, setting a precise speed for a transition, and so forth.

  • Page 39: Using The Preview Screen

    ASIC PERATIONS SING THE REVIEW The Preview Screen is your control center for the MX-4 DV operations. This section describes individual items on the Preview screen. The Preview screen appears on the monitor attached to the MX-4 DV PREVIEW OUT jack. The MX-4 DV always processes the output at the highest possible quality.

  • Page 40: Input Source Previews

    MX-4 DV U UIDE • Next — ( not displayed. • Current — ( menu not displayed. Refer to “Display” beginning on page 69 for more information. Unless stated otherwise, this guide assumes you are using the Standard preview. Input Source Previews A small, preview image from each input source appears in a separate window.

  • Page 41: Color Selector

    ASIC PERATIONS Color Selector The Color Selector shows current choices for background color, border color, and border style. The selector shows the actual colors, and the numeric values associated with each. This example shows a background color 5, border color 7, and border style 5. Border Style You can cycle through all available colors for each component using the...

  • Page 42: Using Current And Next Sources

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Using CURRENT and NEXT Sources The concept of CURRENT and NEXT sources is fundamental to MX-4 DV operations. As you go about creating productions, you always have a CURRENT and NEXT source. Example… Suppose you want to create a sequence of transitions from Kong’s thoughtful gaze to footage of a fighter plane contemplating take off and, finally, a shot of Stonehenge for a mystic closing.

  • Page 43: Selecting Sources

    ASIC PERATIONS Select a transition to use this time to switch from CURRENT to NEXT source, such as a slow dissolve. The CURRENT source (the fighter plane) continues running, and continues to appear on the output device. To transition to Stonehenge, hold down the its slot, release the dissolve to happen.

  • Page 44: Swapping Sources

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Example… You are producing a documentary on hot air ballooning. You want to over-dub the video footage of hot air balloons with a narrative audio track. Using the can process only the video from the VCR and combine it with the audio from an audio tape containing the voice-over material.

  • Page 45: Working With Colors

    ASIC PERATIONS To switch sources using this method: Press the Press the Use the numeric keypad. Press When you need a very quick switch between sources — such as when doing a live broadcast of two individuals debating — use the Cut transition (zero). Roll the input sources.

  • Page 46: Identifying Colors

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Identifying Colors Using Color Backgrounds Colored backgrounds have many uses. For example, to dissolve to a solid black background when transitioning out of the CURRENT source, hold the black for a moment or two, then dissolve from the black background into the NEXT source.

  • Page 47: Creating Custom Colors

    ASIC PERATIONS Creating Custom Colors You can change any color other than color 0 (black) (refer to Table 2 on page 41) to create custom colors. You cannot add more colors, but you can change the existing ones. Once you create a cus- tom color, it stays permanently in the MX-4 DV unit until and unless you change it again.

  • Page 48: Changing Border Styles

    MX-4 DV U UIDE You can also use borders to frame images in a picture-in-picture (PIP) image, and so forth. What- ever purpose you use a border for, you can specify the color and style for the border. To specify border color: •...
  • Page 49 ASIC PERATIONS The MX-4 DV automatically stores the border style so that it is available until and unless you change it again. Table 4: Keys for Changing Border Attributes UNCTION Toggle through Soft Edges, Color Border, and Drop Shadow Soft Edges Increase Softness Decrease Softness Color Border...
  • Page 50 NOTES...

  • Page 51: Transitions

    The MX-4 DV contains over 700 transitions from which you can choose. Furthermore, you can manually control any transition to change the way it works, thereby creating your own versions of the supplied set. Transitions artistically switch from one scene to the next in a production. The MX-4 DV transitions range from simple cuts, dissolves, and wipes to sophisticated zooms, fly-ins, and flips.

  • Page 52: Basic Transition Concepts

    MX-4 DV U UIDE ASIC RANSITION ONCEPTS Transitions create on-screen effects used when switching from one source to another (that is, one scene to another). The most basic type of transition is the cut, where the first frame from the NEXT source immediately replaces the last frame from the CURRENT source.
  • Page 53 RANSITIONS You can select the CURRENT source, the NEXT source, and the transition in any order, and change them as many times as necessary before actually running the transition. At the completion of the transition, the CURRENT and NEXT sources swap places — that is, CURRENT becomes NEXT, and NEXT becomes CURRENT.

  • Page 54: Transition Categories And Menus

    MX-4 DV U UIDE RANSITION ATEGORIES AND To help manage the 700+ transitions, the MX-4 DV separates them into five logical categories — User, Basic, Edges, Shapes, and Misc. Use the Transition Category buttons to access the different categories. Transition Category Buttons When you press a Transition Category button, MX-4 DV displays the transitions available in that category in the Transitions Menu.

  • Page 55: Basic Transitions Category

    RANSITIONS The MX-4 DV color codes the transition icons in the menu: Basic Edges Misc. Shapes Basic Transitions Category This category includes common transitions, such as wipes and dissolves. The transitions in this cat- egory are color coded white. Refer to page 136 for samples. MXProDV If you are upgrading to the MX-4 DV from the Videonics MXProDV Video Mixer, the transitions Compatibility...

  • Page 56: Changing User Transitions Menu

    The default set contains a variety of transitions from the other four categories, as defined by FOCUS Enhancements at the factory. If you are satisfied with the default set, there is no need to change them.

  • Page 57: Selecting Transition Sources

    RANSITIONS ELECTING RANSITION An important step in setting up a transition is to identify the CURRENT and NEXT sources. Use CUT and NEXT to choose the two sources. The MX-4 DV provides feedback in a couple of dif- ferent ways to confirm your choices. Selecting Sources and Getting Feedback The MX-4 DV identifies the CURRENT source by a yellow highlight on the Preview screen and a steady light beneath the corresponding...

  • Page 58: Selecting Transitions

    MX-4 DV U UIDE ELECTING RANSITIONS To select a transition to use between the CURRENT and NEXT sources, do one of the following: • Use the • Enter the transition’s assigned number on the MX-4 DV numeric keypad, then press Preview Screen NOTE...

  • Page 59: Using Transition Numbers

    RANSITIONS Using Transition Numbers Every transition has a number assigned for reference and identification. The number appears in the Transitions Menu just below each transition icon. To select a transition using transition numbers: Enter the transition number on the keyboard. Press To immediately play back the transition, press Refer to Appendix A, Transitions List, for a complete listing of transitions and their assigned num-...

  • Page 60: Adjusting Transitions

    MX-4 DV U UIDE DJUSTING RANSITIONS Every transition runs at a pre-set speed and direction. Symbols appear below the transition icon in the Transitions Menu indicating the current speed and direction. Use the SPEED Transition Direction NOTE When you change a transition’s speed and/or direction, the change applies to all other transitions until you specifically change it.
  • Page 61 RANSITIONS To reverse a transition: • Press REVERSE Remember, all transitions run in reverse until you press on a simple Cut or Dissolve transition because reversing those transitions produces no visible result. MX-4 DV changes the Transition Direction indicator below the transition icon to the currently selected direction.

  • Page 62: Running Transitions

    MX-4 DV U UIDE UNNING RANSITIONS After selecting the CURRENT and NEXT sources and the transition to use, you can run the transi- tion either automatically or manually. • PLAY the same way. • Use the For example, you can make the transition speed up, slow down, or even reverse itself at any point.
  • Page 63 This chapter describes MX-4 DV Input Effects, that are available in the following button group on the MX-4 DV keyboard. Use Input Effects in the following ways: • Apply input effects to any source. • Combine many different input effects to create entirely new effects. •...

  • Page 64: Input Effects

    MX-4 DV U UIDE NPUT FFECTS Press any input effects button to display the Input Effects Menu — or, press the MX-4 DV updates the preview images to show Input Effects. B&W COLOR CORRECT COLOR NEGATIVE When you press one of the input effects buttons (such as selects that effect in the menu.

  • Page 65: Special Key Combinations

    NPUT FFECTS Special Key Combinations Use the following key combinations while working with the Input Effects menu. Table 6: Input Effects Mode Key Combinations OMBINATION keys ARROW Numeric Keypad EFFECTS EFFECTS (zero) SHIFT When you are not working at the Input Effects menu, use the following key combinations. Table 7: Main Mode Input Effects Key Combinations OMBINATION SHIFT...

  • Page 66: Using Input Effects

    MX-4 DV U UIDE SING NPUT FFECTS To apply a parameter value: Press If you haven’t already done so, use the Input Effect to which you want to apply parameter values. Please select a channel source before Set the parameter value to 0 (zero) to turn it OFF, or to 1 to turn it ON. choosing an Input Effect.MX-4 DV.

  • Page 67: B&W

    NPUT FFECTS B&W B&W N To create a black and white negative effect, also turn on the B&W effect. OSTERIZE ORIZONTAL Changes the input picture to black and white. Removes all color from the image. Parameter Values — Zero or one. 0 = Off: 1 = On Reverses all black and white values in the image.

  • Page 68: Mosaic

    MX-4 DV U UIDE OSAIC OLOR ORRECT CAUTION Apply color correction BEFORE going live or rolling tape. Because of the way the MX-4 DV implements color correction, the program output might be affected temporarily. To use Color Correct: Press COLOR CORRECT ARROW Press the apply color correction to channel C, press...

  • Page 69: Video Adjustment

    NPUT FFECTS IDEO DJUSTMENT 0 = Off: 1 = + HROMAKEY ERTICAL TROBE Allows you to access the Brightness, Color Saturation, Contrast, and Hue adjustment menu. Use the keys to select this option, then press ARROW guides you to the video adjustment menu. Refer to “Using Input Effects” on page 62 for complete details.
  • Page 70 NOTES...

  • Page 71: Functions

    CHAPTER 7 UNCTIONS This chapter describes the Function buttons, that give you access to the MX-4 DV’s built-in functions. The function button group contains eight buttons, but gives you access to more than eight functions.

  • Page 72: Demo

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Press SHIFT effects. Demo works in conjunction with the CURRENT and NEXT sources. (If you have one source selected as CURRENT and NEXT, the demo works with that source only.) The demo shows many of the effects you can produce with the MX-4 DV. The demo runs automatically and, upon reaching the end, starts over from the beginning.

  • Page 73: Display

    UNCTIONS ISPLAY To control what appears on the Preview monitor, use the to cycle through the different display configurations. Refer to samples of these configurations on the next page. The illustrations show the key combination you can use to directly access any display configuration.
  • Page 74 MX-4 DV U UIDE HAPTER DISPLAY C ONFIGURATIONS Standard – SHIFT+1 Two Channel – SHIFT+2 Flashing white border indicates CURRENT source, unless that Full – SHIFT+3 source is the COLOR channel. Next – SHIFT+4 Current – SHIFT+5 For all examples on this page, Use the shortcut keys or press assume source A is CURRENT and source B is NEXT.

  • Page 75: Setup

    UNCTIONS ETUP The Setup functions control various aspects of the way the MX-4 DV operates, including Force Field Freeze, GPI Out Mode, Comb Filter, Dual Monitor Mode and 7.5 IRE Pedestal. To access the Setup functions, press Force Field Freeze Table 8: Setup Menu Navigation Keys O DO THIS FUNCTION Select a menu option...

  • Page 76: Force Field Freeze

    This option can be used in some cases to affect the quality of the video coming from an input source. Normally, you should leave this set at the default – 1 or On. Change it only if asked to do so by a FOCUS Enhancements Customer Support Representative. Audio Mode This option allows you to choose between 32-kHz and 48-kHz audio on DV OUT.

  • Page 77: Ftp

    UNCTIONS If you are working with equipment that requires 7.5 IRE, set Pedestal to 1. NOTE This option is not available on PAL versions of the MX-4 DV. The FTP function lets you network your MX-4 DV to a PC using the Ethernet connector on the back of you unit.

  • Page 78: Changing The Routing

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Changing the Routing To change the routing, Press ROUTE The MX-4 DV has four internal channels: A, B, C and D. The route menu lets you select which of the twelve inputs are connected to each of the four channels. Audio sources can be routed to the same four channels (A, B, C and D) and in addition, can be routed to the color channel (Color) or the background audio channel (BKGD).

  • Page 79: Example: Changing The Routing

    UNCTIONS Select the Audio source to use with your selected channel. Use the light the Audio row, then use the Audio can be a stereo pair of inputs from a DV source IN1-4 or from analog inputs IN1-4 Audio is available to output on DV audio channels 1 and 2 or on analog outputs L1 and R1, if you select 2-channel 48kHz audio output in the Setup Menu.

  • Page 80: Routing Audio Through Color Or Background Channels

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Select the channel by pressing Select the Video. Use the Video row, then use the Select the Audio channel. Since you are in a 2-channel input, use the ARROW ARROW Routing Audio Through Color or Background Channels Don’t forget that you can route audio through the Color and Background Channels.

  • Page 81: Sub-Route Menus

    UNCTIONS Sub-Route Menus You can select Sub-Route menus for the following: • Input graphics • Foreground graphics • Background graphics Once you highlight the selection on the Route Menu, press menu. Input Graphics and Once you have chosen either a graphic as an input or apply a background graphic from the main Background router menu, you will be directed to the menu referenced below.

  • Page 82: Learn

    MX-4 DV. A factory reset will not restore the original 12 inch Design jpegs that are included on the MX-4 DV. Refer to the included CD or use the FOCUS Enhancements website to re-import the original jpegs if desired.

  • Page 83: Compose

    UNCTIONS Once you activate the Learn feature, the MX-4 DV remembers each step you go through in preparing a production — including all transitions, input effects, and other operations. You can play back this Learned Script to automatically perform all of the steps and functions it contains. Refer to Chapter 11, Learn Mode, for complete information.

  • Page 84: Major Freeze Functions

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Frame Freeze – Captures all horizontal lines, thereby producing a higher resolution (better quality) image. Use Frame Freeze when working with still images, such as photographs. Using Frame Freeze with images in motion normally produces jitter in the movie. The MX-4 DV captures using Frame Freeze, by default.
  • Page 85 UNCTIONS Creating Still You can use the Freeze function to transition between a series of still images to create a “still mon- Montages tage.” You can use from one to four sources. To create a still montage: Route a video source to Channel A. Remember, you can use up to as many as four sources for this procedure.
  • Page 86 MX-4 DV U UIDE HAPTER NOTES...

  • Page 87: Pips

    CHAPTER 8 With the MX-4 DV you can easily produce single and multiple Picture-in-Picture displays. Single PIP Multi-PIP PIP (Picture-In-Picture) provides a way to combine images on the same screen. For exam- ple, one image appears inside a small rectangle, and the other image fills the remainder of the screen as shown by Single PIP, above.

  • Page 88: Single Pip

    MX-4 DV U UIDE INGLE In a single PIP configuration, one tile fills the background while another tile and its mask float atop the background. The CURRENT source always serves as the background tile; the NEXT source always serves as the PIP image. Background Tile The background tile always fills the entire screen.
  • Page 89 Manipulating the This section explains how to change the position, size, shape, and so forth of the foreground tile. In Foreground Tile each case, do the steps after pressing these steps while the PIP plays on the Output. Table 9: Manipulating PIPs Tiles O CHANGE TILE Position Size (Resizing the tile normally distorts the image it contains.)

  • Page 90: Using Other Effects With Single Pips

    MX-4 DV U UIDE You can apply the following shapes to PIP tiles. To select a shape, press the numeric key (0 through 9) that corresponds to the shape you want, as indicated below. Additional shapes can be selected for PIP mode using the Manipulating the The mask changes shape, size, and position when you change the corresponding attribute of the Mask...

  • Page 91: Multi-Pip

    -PIP ULTI In Multi-PIP, as many as 4 separate images can share the screen at the same time. Each image appears inside a separate tile. You can use any of the four input sources to provide the images that appear in the tiles. You can choose from 9 different multi-PIP configurations by pressing the number keys shown in the following table.

  • Page 92: Using Freeze Effect With Multi-Pips

    MX-4 DV U UIDE If this is the Multi-PIP configuration you want to use, move on to the next step: otherwise… Press the number on the keyboard that corresponds to the PIP configuration you want to use. (Refer to Table 11, “Multi-PIP Screen Configurations,” on page 87, at the beginning of this section.) MX-4 DV displays the configuration on the Preview screen.

  • Page 93: Compose

    CHAPTER 9 OMPOSE A composition can contain up to four moving (or still) video tiles, an unlimited amount of solid color tiles, and one background. Compose provides a way to create screens containing picture elements, solid colors, and rectangles. A composed screen consists of a background and one or more objects (called tiles) placed atop the background.

  • Page 94: Basic Composition Steps

    MX-4 DV U UIDE ASIC OMPOSITION This sequence shows how the composition at the beginning of this chapter was produced. More detailed descriptions of the steps follow. ACKGROUNDS The background for a composition can be any of the following: • A moving video sequence •...

  • Page 95: Foreground Tiles

    OMPOSE As you’ll learn later in this chapter (under “Creating a Composed Image”), you must establish the background before entering Compose mode. OREGROUND ILES Creating Color Tiles and Lines Color tiles can be rectangles of any size and shape. Colored lines are simply thin rectangles. You can create horizontal and vertical lines, but not diag- onal ones.

  • Page 96: Sizing Tiles

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Sizing Tiles You can make foreground tiles any size you want, from covering the entire screen to a thin hori- zontal or vertical line. Always establish the size of the tile before filling it with a solid color, moving video, gradient, or jpeg image.

  • Page 97: Creating A Composed Image

    OMPOSE REATING A OMPOSED To create a composition: Create or choose the background, foreground, gradient, or still frame jpeg image on the Route screen. Do this before entering Compose mode because the CURRENT source at the time you enter compose mode automatically becomes the background for the composition. Solid Color Background –...

  • Page 98: Playing The Composition

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Repeat steps 3 through 5 until your composition is complete. Use the LAYING THE OMPOSITION To play a composition on the output device: • Press PLAY Moving the Moving it from top-to-bottom dissolves it out. Pressing PLAY produces a dissolve.

  • Page 99: Chromakey

    Using Chromakey you can combine two completely separate images to create a composite image that might be impossible to create any other way. You’ve probably seen the chromakey effect used in television weather reports. The weather person stands in front of a “blue screen” (a solid blue background) and the weather map then keys onto the background from some other source.

  • Page 100: Preparing The Background Footage

    MX-4 DV U UIDE • The color used for the background must not appear elsewhere in the image. For example, if Kong’s head (in the example above) contains colors close to the chromakey background, the picture of the bridge would appear in those areas. (Professionals often use a special “blue screen”...

  • Page 101: Preparing The Keyed Footage

    HROMAKEY REPARING THE EYED Preparation of the keyed footage presents a challenge. It is the most important and most difficult step, because the solid colored background is so crucial to the success of the illusion. To achieve the required background requires, in most cases, special props, lighting, and other materials. In this example, we placed our flying hero atop a platform centered on the set.
  • Page 102 MX-4 DV U UIDE The Preview screen displays a full-screen picture of the keyed footage from source C. A cursor (a small flashing circle) appears atop the image. Once you activate the Chroma Key, it stays in effect until you specifically deactivate it (which you’ll learn to do later in this procedure).To change the selected color or colors for the Chroma Key, press ors so you can specify different ones.

  • Page 103: Performing The Chroma Key

    HROMAKEY ERFORMING THE HROMA KEY When the preview screen shows the desired chroma key results: • Press PLAY the background source. You can also dissolve between the background footage and the chroma key footage using the , rather than pressing Using Freeze and You can apply Input Effects (including Freeze) to the background footage, but not to the keyed Other Input...
  • Page 104 NOTES...

  • Page 105: Learn Mode

    In Learn Mode, the MX-4 DV “remembers” most of what you do, such as which transitions you used and how you used them. You can subsequently instruct the MX-4 DV to replay those steps, at which time the MX-4 DV creates the production on the output device. The basic steps involved in using Learn mode include: •...

  • Page 106: Learned Environments

    MX-4 DV U UIDE EARNED NVIRONMENTS A Learned Environment can be thought of as a “snapshot” of your current the MX-4 DV configu- ration, including input effects, functions, styles, and so forth, that are in effect when you create the Learned Environment.

  • Page 107: Learned Scripts

    EARN To create a Learned Environment: Set up the MX-4 DV the way you want for this particular environment. This includes setting any input effects you want, selecting the initial CURRENT and NEXT sources, defining color, defining borders, and so forth. Enter LEARN The MX-4 DV saves all current settings under the number you enter.

  • Page 108: Using Learn Mode

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Using ARROW fit as many transitions as possible into a Learned Script, use the numeric keypad to enter transition numbers rather than using the Select the CURRENT and NEXT sources before entering LEARN mode. LEARN mode interprets pressing the SING EARN...

  • Page 109: Other Useful Information

    EARN THER SEFUL NFORMATION When the MX-4 DV comes to the end of a Learned Script, it stops. You can re-initiate the same or any other Learned Script by entering to run. You can do the following in a Learned Script: •...
  • Page 110 NOTES...

  • Page 111: Orking With Udio

    The MX-4 DV provides flexible control for audio sources. You can: • Easily switch between devices. • Record video and/or audio from a device, in any combination. • Allow or disallow transitions to affect audio. • Automatically or manually fade the sound between sources. •...

  • Page 112: Audio Devices You Can Use

    MX-4 DV U UIDE UDIO EVICES You can: • Use dedicated audio input sources, such as audio cassette players, compact disc players, and even live microphones. (Refer to “Using a Microphone with MX-4 DV” on page 30 for instal- lation instructions.) •...

  • Page 113: Selecting Audio Sources

    ORKING WITH UDIO Selecting Audio Sources Select audio sources the same way you select video sources, using the the highlights at the top of the Preview screen. Indicates that source can be monitored through the MX-4 DV’s headphone jack Remember, the MX-4 DV highlights the CURRENT video source in yellow (above the Preview window).

  • Page 114: Video And Audio

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Press VIDEO Press PLAY Both the video and audio transition together. The audio mixes together — that is, audio from the first video scene fades away gradually as the audio from the next scene fades in and mixes with the original audio.

  • Page 115: Using The Audio Mixer

    ORKING WITH UDIO SING THE UDIO IXER The MX-4 DV Audio Mixer provides extensive control over all audio channels. You can, for example, subdue the audio on one channel (such as background music) and pump up the audio on another (such as the narrative). To access the Audio Mixer, press Gain Slider —...

  • Page 116: Audio Mixer Controls

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Audio Mixer Controls The following tables explain how to operate the Audio Mixer controls from the MX-4 DV key- board. Table 12: Selecting Mixer Channels … Select consecutive sliders Select a specific channel Table 13: Adjusting Audio Levels …...

  • Page 117: Using Headphones

    DVANCED UDIO TEPS If you have an external audio mixer device available, FOCUS Enhancements recommends you use that device to manually control all sound. you can: • Connect the external mixer’s output to any MX-4 DV audio input, and permanently set that source as your sound input source.

  • Page 118: Selecting Manual Levels

    MX-4 DV U UIDE To display the Audio Adjustment screen, press sent the four analog and DV audio inputs on the rear of the MX-4 DV: IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4. DV audio adjustment can be applied to each input by adjusting he second “DELAY” slider. Make the proper adjustment depending upon which analog or DV output has been selected in the Route menu.

  • Page 119: Advanced Operations

    DVANCED This chapter discusses operations you might not use very often, but are quite helpful when you need them. They include: • Using Titles with the MX-4 DV • Using Color Bars • Performing Roll Edits • Operating in Live Environments •...

  • Page 120: Using Titles

    MX-4 DV U UIDE SING ITLES In Chapter 3, Installing the MX-4 DV, you learned how to install a character generator (CG) to use with the MX-4 DV (refer to “Live Broadcast Configuration” on page 38). Using a setup where you connect the CG between the MX-4 DV and the output device (downstream), you can create titles for your productions.

  • Page 121: Performing Roll Edits

    DVANCED PERATIONS ERFORMING Two types of roll edits are commonly used in video editing — A/A rolls and A/B rolls. You can do both types of rolls with the MX-4 DV. A/A rolls can be accomplished with relative ease. As you’ll learn later in this section, you can also do A/B roll editing with the MX-4 DV, although it does require good preparation and manual control of the devices.

  • Page 122: A/B Roll Edits

    MX-4 DV U UIDE A/B Roll Edits A/B roll editing involves editing scenes from multiple sources. When doing A/B roll edits, you must manually synchronize the sources so that they are timed correctly. Normally, you record a countdown before each scene so you know when it starts, then back-time the transition accordingly.

  • Page 123: Transitions To Modified Sources

    DVANCED PERATIONS Press BG COLOR Press PLAY Assume your NEXT source (the one you are transitioning into) is on Channel C — press NEXT Select the transition you want to use from the Transitions Menu — again, for this example select a slow dissolve.

  • Page 124: Using Agpi Device

    MX-4 DV U UIDE GPI D SING A EVICE You can connect a GPI (General Purpose Interface) device to the MX-4 DV. The GPI device can trigger an event from an external source, such as a push-button switch or an edit controller with GPI output.

  • Page 125: Instructions For Building A Gpi Trigger

    DVANCED PERATIONS NSTRUCTIONS FOR UILDING A This section contains a diagram of the GPI Trigger Button you can build and all associated instruc- tions. Required Tools Soldering Iron and Solder and Parts Wire Cutters Electric Drill Instructions 1 Drill a 1/4-inch hole in the center of one PVC end cap (E) and a hole to match the push-button switch in the other end cap (B).

  • Page 126: Using A Gpi Trigger Device

    MX-4 DV U UIDE 11 Solder the wires of the other end of the cord to the poles from the tip and base of the stereo mini-pin plug (F). If you aren’t sure which poles are which, ask at the store when you make the purchase.

  • Page 127: Connecting With Ethernet

    Connect the MX-4 DV to your network with the included crossover cable to either a PCs or a Macintosh computer. Power up, and assign the IP and Mask. The Gateway and Password are not needed to perform this function. FOCUS Enhancements recommends you use one of the following IP address for static input: • 192.168.0.2 •...

  • Page 128: Ip Setup For A Computer Or Laptop

    MX-4 DV U UIDE The MX-4 DV is now networked, and it should be visible as an FTP device. IP Setup for a Computer or Laptop To set up your PC to communicate with the MX-4 DV (Static IP address): Win98SE/Win2000/XP Pro/WinT40/WinT40 Server Plug in the crossover cable (R5) to the MX-4 DV Ethernet port and your computer’s Ethernet port.
  • Page 129 IP S DVANCED PERATIONS ETUP FOR A OMPUTER OR APTOP Select TCP/IP and click Properties. On the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties screen or identified as the Network screen for Windows 95/98, switch the default selection from Obtain an IP Address Automatically to Use the Following IP Address and type in the following IP address: 192.168.1.2.
  • Page 130 MX-4 DV U UIDE The subnet mask information should be automatically filled in the blank space. If not, fill in the subnet mask blank space with the following: 255.255.255.0. NOTE If you have selected the key), you will be taken to a new window asking you to input the subnet mask. The correct subnet mask number will appear next to the IP address.
  • Page 131 DVANCED PERATIONS Type the following in the command line: ping 192.168.1.2. (Make sure there is a space between ping and 192.) Press the ENTER key and a ping test is executed. The reply messages should appear similar to the following screen. 10 Type the following command on the command line: ipconfig.
  • Page 132 MX-4 DV U UIDE To set up your Macintosh computer to communicate with the MX-4 DV (Static IP address): Macintosh OS 10.2.8/OS 10.3.6 Plug in the included crossover cable to the MX-4 DV Ethernet port and your computer’s Ethernet port. NOTE A straight cable will have the same wire configuration colors on each end.
  • Page 133 To prevent unauthorized users from corrupting your system, use the password setting within the MX-4 DV ftp menu. FOCUS Enhancements recommends that while using a DHCP IP address, you arrow down and type in from your number keypad a code to lockout unauthorized users.

  • Page 134: Transferring Files To Or From The Mx-4 Dv

    MX-4 DV U UIDE Additions DHCP If your MX-4 DV is connected to a network and the IP address is automatically assigned to your Tips computer, perform the following procedure: Hook up a standard straight network cable between the router or hub and the MX-4 DV unit. Switch on the mixer.

  • Page 135: Updating System Software

    This feature allows you to easily deal with operating software upgrades. For example, you can download new operating software from the support site of FOCUS Enhancements to a networked PC. This same PC can be used to access your MX-4 DV to install the software file. Older copies of the operating software, as well as a library of background, foreground, and still frame jpeg images can be kept on your PC.

  • Page 136: Information About Ftp Clients

    IP address. Internet browsers are also more difficult to use when the FTP host (your MX-4 DV) is set to require a password. For this reason FOCUS Enhancements suggest that you use a “real” FTP client, such as ws_ftp (Windows Shareware), or Fetch (Macintosh). The MX-4 DV net- working feature was designed to be reliable in providing one-on-one connections, not in support- ing multiple clients.
  • Page 137 FTP C DVANCED PERATIONS NFORMATION BOUT LIENTS NOTE An example of an FTP program to upgrade the MX-4 DV’s software and the transfer of files is FTP Explorer. It can be found at the following site: http://www.ftpx.com/download.html for Windows. Use Fetch 3.0 for the Macintosh. The instructions in this chapter are for the FTP Explorer, so they may change slightly depending upon the program you use.
  • Page 138 MX-4 DV U UIDE HAPTER...

  • Page 139: A Transitions List

    This appendix shows the icons assigned to each MX-4 DV transition, and identifies them by number. Some transition descriptions use special terms and abbreviations to describe how the transi- tions work. (A) — The CURRENT source: the one on the screen before the transition begins. (B) —...

  • Page 140: Basic Transitions

    MX-4 DV U UIDE PPENDIX ASIC RANSITIONS...
  • Page 141 RANSITIONS Basic Transitions (continued) The Basic Transitions category contains transitions numbered from 0 through 299. The category contains a wide assortment of effects. Transitions 0 through 29 serve as the default assortment in the Transitions Menu. When you turn the unit on for the first time, these transitions appear in the menu. They provide a unique assort- ment of transitions suitable for many purposes.
  • Page 142 MX-4 DV U UIDE Table 1: Descriptions of Basic Transitions ESCRIPTION Default Transition Assortment Dissolve H Wipe V Wipe H Curtain Wipe (B) from Ctr to full V Curtain Exp. (B) from Ctr to full H Slide (A)/Exp. (B) H Slide (A)/Slide (B) V Comp.
  • Page 143 RANSITIONS Table 1: Descriptions of Basic Transitions (continued) ESCRIPTION H Exp. (B) from L Ctr/Comp. (A) to R Ctr H Exp. (B) from L Ctr/Slide (A) to R H Wipe (B) from R Ctr H Exp. (B) from R Ctr H Exp.
  • Page 144 MX-4 DV U UIDE Table 1: Descriptions of Basic Transitions (continued) ESCRIPTION V Comp. (A)/Wipe (B) V Slide (A)/Wipe (B) V Wipe (A)/Exp. (B) V Comp. (A)/Exp. (B) V Slide (A)/Exp. (B) V Wipe (A)/Slide (B) V Comp. (A)/Slide (B) V Slide (A)/Slide (B) V Picture Roll V Curtain Wipe (B) from Ctr to full...
  • Page 145 RANSITIONS Table 1: Descriptions of Basic Transitions (continued) ESCRIPTION V Wipe 1/2 slice (B); H Wipe 1/2 slice (B); V wipe (B) to B V Comp. (A) T to 1/2 screen slice; Slide slice to B V Comp. (A) T to 1/2 screen slice; Slide to B;...
  • Page 146 MX-4 DV U UIDE Table 1: Descriptions of Basic Transitions (continued) ESCRIPTION Diag. Slide (B) from TLC/Comp. (A) to Diagonal Comp. & Dissolve (A) to TLC Diagonal Slide & Dissolve (A) to TLC Diagonal Wipe (B) from TRC Diagonal Exp. (B) from TRC Diagonal Comp.
  • Page 147 RANSITIONS Table 1: Descriptions of Basic Transitions (continued) ESCRIPTION H slide in (A) to BRC; CCW Exp Spiral into Ctrt. Ctr Exp (A); Slide from T to B with Exp to full screen. Slide in (A) from R to L; Slide T to B then Exp from Ctr.

  • Page 148: Edge Transitions

    MX-4 DV U UIDE RANSITIONS Edge transitions move a border across the screen between the outgoing and incoming images. Edge transitions group into sets of six. For example, transitions 300 through 305 perform the same type of effect, but using six different edges: transitions 306 through 311 perform the same type of effect, but using the same six edges as the preceding group: and so forth.

  • Page 149: Misc. Transitions

    RANSITIONS RANSITIONS Table 3: Misc. Transitions ESCRIPTION Rectangle bounces off bottom of screen B bounces off bottom of screen Rectangle bounces off bottom of screen B bounces off bottom of screen Rectangle around screen perimeter Rectangle around screen perimeter Rectangle circles in from L middle Rectangle circles in from R middle...

  • Page 150: Shape Transitions

    MX-4 DV U UIDE HAPE RANSITIONS Shape transitions use various geometric and custom shapes (stars, hearts, and so forth) to transition from one image to the next. Table 4: Shape Transitions Slide in slice (B) from R Ctr; Wipe slice to full Slide in Ctr slice (B) from T;...
  • Page 151 RANSITIONS Table 4: Shape Transitions (continued) Ctr Wipe Ctr Wipe (B) with Horizontal Slide from T Bounce off edges/Wipe Ctr Wipe (A) to 1/16 screen; CCW spiral reveal * Random Sizes Flips (B); fills screen at end Random Wipes (B); Ctr wipe to full screen (A) wanders out HAPE RANSITIONS...
  • Page 152 MX-4 DV U UIDE Table 4: Shape Transitions (continued) Horizontal Curtain Expand (B) from Ctr to full Horizontal Compress (A) to Ctr line; Expand (B) from line Horizontal Compress (A) L to 1/2 screen slice; Slide slice R * Horizontal Compress (A) L to 1/2 screen slice; Slide to R; slide under Ctr line * Horizontal Compress (A) R to 1/2 screen slice;...
  • Page 153 RANSITIONS Table 4: Shape Transitions (continued) Horizontal Wipe (A)/Expand (B) Horizontal Compress (A) to L edge; Expand (B) from edge Slide in Slice (B) for R Ctr: Wipe slice to full Slide to Ctr slice (B) from T; Wipe slice to full Diagonal Slide Dissolve (A) to TRC Diagonal Wipe (B) from BLC Ctr Expand Dissolve (B)
  • Page 154 MX-4 DV U UIDE Table 4: Shape Transitions (continued) Bounce off edges/Wipe Ctr Wipe (A) to 1/16 screen; CCW spiral reveal Random Sizes Flips (B): fills screen at end Random Wipes (B): Ctr wipe to full screen (A) wanders out Horizontal Curtain Expand (B) from Ctr to full Horizontal Compress (A) to Ctr line;...

  • Page 155: Default User Transitions

    RANSITIONS Table 4: Shape Transitions (continued) Horizontal Compress (A)/Wipe (B) Horizontal Wipe (A)/Expand (B) Horizontal Compress (A) to L edge; Expand (B) from edge EFAULT RANSITIONS The User Transitions category contains a default set of transitions compiled from the other catego- ries.
  • Page 156 NOTES...

  • Page 157: B Time Base Corrector

    The MX-4 DV contains a Time Base Corrector (TBC) that ensures top quality results in your productions. The TBC operates automatically at all times. You don’t have to do anything special to use the feature. TBC compensates for image “shifting” and “wavering” that occurs with many VCR’s, cam- corders, and other video devices.

  • Page 158: Tbc Technical Information

    MX-4 DV U UIDE TBC T ECHNICAL NFORMATION The following information might be useful to video technicians. • The MX-4 DV’s TBC has no control options. The MX-4 DV always applies TBC to the entire signal, including the horizontal and vertical intervals. •...

  • Page 159: C Video Quality

    The MX-4 DV meets the highest video quality standards. However, video artifacts can appear in video productions, especially when you use sophisticated effects and transitions. This appendix describes some of the video artifacts that can occur. REVIEW MAGE UALITY Images appearing on the MX-4 DV Preview screen do not represent the MX-4 DV’s true quality because they serve only as a representation of the images.

  • Page 160: Video Scaling Artifacts

    MX-4 DV U UIDE IDEO CALING RTIFACTS Reducing a video image’s size can create artifacts because some picture information must be dis- carded to reduce the number of pixels in the image. In some cases, picture information might dis- appear when eliminating pixels. For example, lines in the image might appear jagged when the MX-4 DV removes pixels and, therefore, parts of the line.

  • Page 161: D Technical Specifications

    The MX-4 DV is a four-input video production switcher, mixer, frame synchronizer/TBC (Time Base Corrector), Manual Color Corrector, and special effects generator. Table 1: MX-4 DV Technical Specifications GENERAL Power Supply Dimensions Weight Ambient Temperature Ambient Humidity ANALOG INPUTS Video Audio HouseBlack ANALOG OUTPUTS...
  • Page 162 MX-4 DV U UIDE Table 1: MX-4 DV Technical Specifications (continued) Digital Outputs EFFECTS Video Input Effects Special Effects Audio COLOR GENERATORS VIDEO PERFORMANCE Digital Conversion Time Base Compatibility Gain S/N Ratio Horizontal Resolution AUDIO PERFORMANCE Frequency Response S/N Ratio 1x6 pin IEEE 1394 (Firewire, i.Link) connectors, Audio and Video Effects 700+ Transitions Strobe, Mosaic, Flips, Posterize, Brightness, Black and White, Black and...

  • Page 163: E Help For Mxp Ro Dv Users

    This appendix helps Videonics MXPro DV users make an easy transition to the MX-4 DV. It highlights key operational commands from the MXProDV that have changed with the MX-4 The MX-4 DV offers may new features and expands the capability of some MXProDV oper- ations.
  • Page 164 MX-4 DV U UIDE Refer to “Operating the T-Bar” on page 58. Chapter 5, Transitions, contains several sections explaining use of the Transitions Compatibility If you are upgrading to the MX-4 DV from the Videonics MXProDV Video Mixer, the transitions in the Basic category are the same as the MXProDV except that there are 60 new transitions.

  • Page 165: Glossary

    A/B Roll Variation of A/A Roll (described above). Normally describes rolling two or more sources into an effects device, such as the FOCUS Enhancements MX-4 DV, and creating transitions between the various source images. Betacam An industry standard format that uses half-inch videotape run- ning at high speed to produce high quality video.
  • Page 166 GLOSSARY Phase Alternating Lines. The dominant color television format in Western Europe, Australia, most of Asia, and parts of South America and Africa. PAL is characterized by each frame being composed of 625 horizontal scan- ning lines occurring 25 times per second. (Also see NTSC and SECAM.) RCTC Rewritable Consumer Time Code (also referred to as...
  • Page 167 adapters arrow keys audio accompanies video adjust sliders continuous control devices fade monaural source highlight speaker icon stereo transitions using COLOR channel AUDIO MIX channel slider select channel Audio Mode auto-reverse transition B&W B&W NEG BACK COLOR 39, 40, 42 BACKGROUND background 37, 42...

  • Page 168: Index

    INDEX 32, 67 function buttons build trigger GRADIENT COMPOSE green highlight headphones icon jack input effects source highlight preview image INPUT EFFECTS B&W B&W NEG CHROMA KEY COLOR CORRECT 64, 65 COLOR NEG COMPOSE FLIP Horizontal FLIP Vertical key combinations LEARN menu MOSAIC...
  • Page 169 STROBE S-Video system software, updating 32, 40, 42 T-BAR AUDIO MIX CHROMA KEY color correction 93, 94 COMPOSE LEARN transition tile background foreground change Time Base Corrector titler transferring files transformer transition adjust audio auto-reverse basic category category basic defined edges miscellaneous shapes...
  • Page 170 NOTES...

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