Marantz SA-11S3 White Paper

White paper
Marantz Musical Mastering
SA-11S3
Introduction
Since the start of the era of digital recording of music, technology
has been faced with the challenge of maximising the accuracy
of reproduction. The initial problem was the small number of bits
available for the conversion of analogue signals into digital. In the
early '80s the first attempts were made to create more audible
resolution than the bits actually produced. In this way, the first
CD player from Philips and Marantz worked with the 14-Bit-D/A-
Converter using a process called noise-shaping and achieved real
precision of 16 bits and four-fold oversampling, and thus played a
leading role.
In recent years, the issue has in fact been reversed, because cur-
rent master and media can easily deal with 24 or even 32-bit and
provide the necessary digital filtering for playing up to 48 bits per
sample. Now the issue centers on reducing the surplus resulting
resolution and the ensuing huge bandwidths by hundreds of
kilohertz as efficiently as possible to usable frequencies and the
common resolutions of 16 (CD) to 24 bits. If the excess bits were
shortened to simply remove the excess bits, audible errors would be
created and any higher resolution gained would be irretrievably lost.
In the SA-11S3 Marantz has implemented new algorithms for digital
signal processing developed in-house for the first time and the result
is a surprisingly low loss of resolution. For this purpose, Marantz
has utilised new signal processing technology previously exclusively
reserved for high-end, professionally equipped mastering studios.
www.marantz.eu
Solution
To maximise audible resolution, three methods are combined:
Oversampling, Noise Shaping and Dithering.
Through oversampling intermediate samples between 2 original
samples are calculated, thus achieving a multiplication of the
sampling rate. To calculate the intermediate samples with
sufficient accuracy the resolution of the audio data needs to be
increased significantly. In our application we found additional
24 bits adequate giving us a total resolution of 48 bits.
The noise shaping offsets digital noise components through clever
filtering from the audible frequency range into the frequency range
beyond 20 kHz, which is no longer perceptible.
With dithering, the desired signal is modulated with noise to
reduce inaccuracies caused through the forcible conversion of reso-
lutions. The type and distribution of the noise determine the quality
of the sonic result. Marantz established the optimal variant through
extensive listening tests and trial series.
As a result of the correct combination of the three methods and the
correct choice of the respective algorithm and its application, more
details than the simple conversion of the original signal could be
perceived, thus significantly higher-resolution sound reproduction
could be achieved.
Marantz Musical Mastering | SA-11S3 | 1