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Summary of Contents for Exergen DT 1001
- Page 1 EXERGEN EXERGEN EXERGEN EXERGEN EXERGEN USER’S MANUAL AND REFERENCE BOOK Unparalleled Accuracy . . .at the Speed of Light...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Customer Service... 8 II. Body Surface Temperature... 9 History and Introduction...9 Body Surface Temperature... 10 Infrared Thermometry... 11 The DermaTemp Infrared Thermographic Scanner...13 Method Impedimenta... 13 Ambient Effect on Body Surface Temperature... 14 Solving the Problems...14 Emissivity...15 Alice’s Quest for Emissivity... 17 Correcting for Emissivity Automatically...18... -
Page 3: The Instruments
I. The Instruments The DermaTemp is a high precision hand-held infrared thermographic scanner designed to detect the subtle skin temperature variations caused by underlying perfusion variations. These instruments feature a patented automatic emissivity compensa- tion system for absolute accuracy regardless of skin type or color, and provide an instant temperature measurement on any surface location on the human body without the need for tissue contact. -
Page 4: The Instruments' Features
The Instruments Feature: • Full range resolution to 0.1°F/C • SCAN, MAX and/or MIN modes of operation, model specific • Fahrenheit/Celsius conversion • A 10-second display lock • An audible beeper to signal functional or conditional changes • Hermetically sealed sensing system to withstand gas and plasma sterilization, and cleaning with any hospital approved disinfectant including bleach and alcohol. -
Page 5: Instructions For Applying Disposable Covers
Instructions for Applying Disposable Covers Model 1001 LT Only Stop at Perforation Contact vs. Non-Contact Measurements In using any infrared temperature device, closer is always better, as the field of view increases proportionately to the distance from the surface. Accordingly, for maximum accuracy the probe must contact the sur- face at the point of interest. -
Page 6: Operation And Controls
Operation and Controls The DermaTemp infrared thermographic scanner models 1001, 1001 LN, LT and RS are all identical in performance and specifications. All are maximized for ease of use. The remote sensor on the RS version can either be left attached to the instrument for one-handed operation, or separated for use in hard-to-reach areas of interest. -
Page 7: Operating Modes
Operating Modes (Model Specific) • SCAN: In the SCAN mode, the target’s instantaneous tempera- ture is continuously displayed and updated 10 times per second for as long as you keep the button depressed. After the power button is released, the display will lock on the last temperature measured and hold that reading for 10 seconds. -
Page 8: Changing The Battery
Changing the Battery A standard 9-Volt alkaline battery will require replacement only once or twice per year under normal use. To replace, loosen the four captive screws and remove the cover. Disconnect the old battery and replace with a new one in the same location. Replace the cover and tighten the four screws. -
Page 9: Care And Maintenance
Care and Maintenance Handling Your DermaTemp is designed and built to industrial durability stan- dards in order to provide long and trouble-free service. However, it is also a high precision optical instrument, and should be ac- corded the same degree of care in handling as you would provide other precision optical instruments, such as cameras or otoscopes. -
Page 10: Customer Service
The instrument will be returned freight/postage prepaid. Questions: Should you have any clinical or technical questions, please con- tact a customer service representative in the medical division at Exergen Corporation. They may be contacted either by phone (617-923-9900), medical@exergen.com. (617-923-9911) -
Page 11: Body Surface Temperature
II. Body Surface Temperature History and Introduction As early as 2800 BC, the Egyptians, using the scanning sensitivity of the fingers over the surface of the body, recognized that the body pro- duces heat, and that heat increases with disease. Further recognizing the distinction between local inflammation and fever, the Egyptians set the foundation for monitoring body surface temperature as a separate and distinct diagnostic methodology from the monitoring of core body... -
Page 12: Body Surface Temperature
surface temperature and 3) they are prone to low readings because it is not always evident that the surface thermal connection is adequate. Body Surface Temperature Heat signatures vary considerably over the surface of the human body, and physicians have long appreciated the relationship be- tween heat and disease. -
Page 13: Infrared Thermometry
the human body is converted into heat, with the balance converted into external work or into tissue growth. The circulatory system, in addition to circulating blood for its metabolic characteristics also distributes heat, thus replacing the heat energy lost to the environment, as well as nour- ishing the tissue. - Page 14 can be evaluated. With a proper temperature scale, measurements taken at different times or places can be compared. Without a ther- mometer, it would be impossible to measure the temperature of a hu- man with respect to a fixed scale of reference. Remember, the human test of temperature is relative to the detector.
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Page 15: The Dermatemp Infrared Thermographic Scanner
The Dermatemp is highly recommended DermaTemp DT 1001 and for use in plastic and vascular DT 1001-RS surgery,anesthesiology, pain manage- ment, rheumatology, neurology, oncology, and wound management. -
Page 16: Ambient Effect On Body Surface Temperature
moregulatory response. Exposure to the sun or any other warm sur- face will raise the surface temperature. The user needs to be aware of these concepts and not be surprised in the event the temperature read- ings are not as expected. Ambient Effect on Body Surface Temperature The cardinal rule of interpretation of skin temperature is that the same environment will produce the same temperature if perfusion is the same. -
Page 17: Emissivity
Emissivity = 0.1 Reflectivity = 0.9 like mirror used in the nosepiece of the DermaTemp scanner removes this source of error by trapping all of the radiation from the skin surface and in effect causing the skin surface to act like a black body with an emissivity of 1.0. - Page 18 ample, we saw 90% of the mirror as a perfect reflector and 10% as imperfections, 90% of the mirror would reflect; the remaining 10% would emit. Therefore, the emissivity equals 0.1. Good Emitter Emissivity = 0.9 Reflectivity = 0.1 Therefore, the emissivity equals 0.9. Accordingly, we can state the following rule of emissivity: The emissivity of the surface is simply the percentage of the surface that emits.
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Page 19: Alice's Quest For Emissivity
If crayon spots are painted on the mirror, then the mirror can be seen. Of course, it can only be seen where there are spots. Everywhere else still reflects. Thus, light is emitted from the spots and reflected from the non-spots. (Full reprint available from Exergen) -
Page 20: Correcting For Emissivity Automatically
Correcting for Emissivity Automatically Biological tissue has high emissivity, i.e. ~0.95. Accordingly, the reflected compo- nent will be about 5% of the energy mea- sured DermaTemp, which translates to an abso- lute error of ~1°F (0.5°C). In addition, skin emissivity varies due to color, texture, etc. over the approximate range of 0.92 to 0.98. - Page 21 bilateral symmetry. Skin temperature differences from one side of the body compared to the other are not only extremely small, but also very stable, and unaffected by the age of the patient. Data show differences between sides at the forehead to be 0.12°C at the forehead, and 0.25° at the lumbar region of the back.
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Page 22: Clinical Applications
A striking example of perfusion effects can be demonstrated by com- promise of circulation to the arm. A complete or partial occlusion of the artery in the upper arm will result in an immediate drop in hand tem- perature, and detectable in less than 30 seconds from the time of oc- clusion. -
Page 23: Epidural Catheter Positioning
sia, concluding skin temperature increase to be a useful indicator of sympathetic blockade, demonstrating that temperature elevation always preceded the upper limits of sensory blockade, and had a similar pat- tern of onset. Epidural Catheter Positioning in Labor and Delivery Foot temperature has successfully been demonstrated as an indicator in the functional positioning of an epidural catheter. -
Page 24: Digital Perfusion Assessment
Digital Perfusion Assessment Levinsohn et al (1991) sessing perfusion was as reliable as Doppler methods, but far less expensive, much faster, and easier to use. Venous congestion was induced by placing a 28 mm wide cuff on the proximal phalanx of the long finger and then inflating the cuff to 5 mm Hg above resting diastolic pressure. -
Page 25: Lower Back Pain
tized or ecchymotic digits, calling the physician for significant changes. The technique is atraumatic, and avoids patient anxiety which produces unwanted peripheral vasoconstriction. Temperature monitoring is also inexpensive and readily available. Lower Back Pain Lower back pain is one of the most common complaints of patients seeing a physician. -
Page 26: Peripheral Nerve Injury
Temperature is an early indicator of foot problems in diabetic patients Long before any clinical manifestations, heat can be detected, and the more sensitive the detection instrument, the earlier the warning.. As a key indicator of complications from the disease, temperature has been incorporated into routine diabetic foot screening protocols. -
Page 27: Neonatal Skin Temperature
Neonatal Skin Temperature The goal of neonatal thermal management is to establish an environ- ment of thermoneutrality in which the metabolic heat production re- quirement is minimal. Perlstein face temperature of the neonate are required to quantify the rate of heat loss. -
Page 28: Thermal Assessment Of Skin Diseases And Allergy
Thermal Assessment of Skin Diseases and Allergy Temperature monitoring provides an objective assessment of skin dis- eases as well as allergy and vasomotor tests since most of the skin diseases, or the percutaneous injection of pharmacodynamic substances used for testing, generate significant changes in the thermal pattern of the skin. -
Page 29: Temperature Gradients In Detection Of Shock
Temperature Gradients in Detection of Shock Temperature monitoring of the gradient between forehead and sole tem- peratures has been demonstrated to provide early detection of masked symptoms during and after surgery. The effect of treatment and the prognosis for the patient are predictable according to the trends of the two temperatures as divergent or convergent. -
Page 30: Other Areas Or Applications Of Interest
phenomenon, particularly those with scleroderma and progressive sys- temic sclerosis where it is the first symptom in 90% of cases, and may precede other manifestations by many years. Other Areas or Applications of Interest • Bone Fractures • Diabetic Neuropathy •... -
Page 31: References
IV. References Chambliss J. Case of traumatic femoral aneurism (sic) treated by digital compression- ligation afterwards of the external iliac artery. Confederate States Med Surg J, 1:97- 99,1864. Coar T. The Aphorisms of Hippocrates with a Translation into Latin and English 88 (AJ Valpy, London 1822). - Page 32 Most RS, Sinnock P. The epidemiology of lower extremity amputations in diabetic individuals. Diabetes Care, 6:87-91, 1983. Bergtholdt HT. Thermography on insensitive limbs: Medical Thermography, Theory and Clinical Applications 69-79, ed Uematsu S, Brentwood Publishing Co., Los Angeles, 1976. Dorgan MB, Birke JA, Moretto JA, Patout CA, Rehm BD: Performing foot screening for diabetic patients.
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Page 33: Product Specifications
V. Product Specifications Clinical Accuracy Temperature Range Operating Environment Resolution Response Time Emissivity Compensation Time Displayed on Screen Battery Life Case Dimensions Weight Case Shielding Display Type and Size Construction NIST ASTM Patents ± 0.2°F or 0.1°C 65 to 110°F (18 to 43°C) 60 to 110°F (16 to 43°C) 0.1°F or °C Approximately 0.1 second... - Page 34 No responsibility is assumed for any special, incidental or consequential damages. In order to obtain warranty service, simply call Exergen Corpora- tion Customer Service, 617-923-9900, for an Return Material Au- thorization number (RMA). Then send the product, postage or shipping prepaid, to Exergen in accordance with the instructions given with the RMA number.
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