BioSpherix OxyCycler A84XOV Manual

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OxyCycler Model A84XOV

MANUAL

Technical Support

BioSpherix, Ltd.

P.O. Box 279

25 Union Street, Parish, NY 13131

Ph: 315.387.3414 Fax: 315.387.3415

Toll Free (US/CAN) 800.441.3414

E m ail: s up por t@bi os p heri x.co m w w w.bi ospheri x.com

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Page 1 OxyCycler Model A84XOV MANUAL Technical Support BioSpherix, Ltd. P.O. Box 279 25 Union Street, Parish, NY 13131 Ph: 315.387.3414 Fax: 315.387.3415 Toll Free (US/CAN) 800.441.3414 E m ail: s up por t@bi os p heri x.co m w w w.bi ospheri x.com...
Page 2 Though designed to work with BioSpherix chambers, this system will work with practically any semi-sealable enclosure. Any manufactured or custom-made chamber can be fitted in minutes. The unit works from outside of the host chamber by remotely sensing oxygen in each independent chamber and infusing gas to raise or lower oxygen levels.
Page 3 This manual is intended to guide system installers, users and maintenance personnel to efficiently setup, maintain, and operate BioSpherix, Ltd. equipment. All personnel who will be working with the OxyCycler model A84 should read this manual thoroughly. Keep it handy and refer to it whenever questions arise.
Page 4: Table Of Contents
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Table of Contents 1 Safety Instructions 2 Required Supplies BioSpherix Supplied Parts Customer Supplied Parts Gas Pressure Regulators Gas Consumption 3 Setup of Gas Supply 4 Equipment Overview Front Panel Components Back Panel Components Actuator Pod Components...
Page 5 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Calibration of Carbon Dioxide Sensor Calibration of Temperature Sensor Calibration of Relative Humidity Sensor 10 System Operations Control Methods Control, Dynamic Control Single Setpoint Control 11 Writing Profiles Overview Create a Profile Running a Profile How to Stop a Profile...
Page 6 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 17 Snapshots Overview Save a Snapshot Restore a Snapshot Remove a Snapshot 18 Alarms Setting a Tolerance Manage Alarms When an Alarm is Triggered 19 Event Log 20 Maintenance Removing/Replacing the Oxygen Sensor Inside of an Actuator Pod...
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Page 8: Safety Instructions
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Safety 1 Safety Instructions System Safety Concerns and Safety Guidelines must be strictly adhered to. Power Source Unit should be connected to a power supply, only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on unit. Power Supply Cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them.
Page 9 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Safety CAUTION Unit should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other appliances or processes that produce heat. Low Oxygen Atmospheres Never enter a chamber which has a low oxygen atmosphere because of severe danger of suffocation.
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Page 12: Required Supplies
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Required Supplies 2 Required Supplies BioSpherix Supplied Parts This is a list of all supplies that are provided with the OxyCycler model A84 System. Depending on system configuration, the supplied parts needed for your system may vary.
Page 13 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Required Supplies Quick Disconnect with Monitor Pod (Optional) Remote Oxygen Sensor Attached (Optional) Calibration Chamber and Tubing (Included with Monitor Pod only) Computer Setup (Optional) (Actual model may vary) v4.2 d092217...
Page 14 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Required Supplies In order for the OxyCycler model A84 to communicate with the control computer, the following supplies are required: Recovery Software Sealevel RS485 to USB Converter Installation Sealevel USB Cable RS485 Communication Cable(s) v4.2 d092217...
Page 15: Customer Supplied Parts
Tank(~2200 – 2500psig). Once comfortable with gas usage of the system and protocol, options for Low Pressure Liquid (~200psig), or Generator with Surge Tank are available. 100% O2, Oxygen – Used to raise oxygen process levels above ambient, >21%. BioSpherix, Ltd. recommends beginning with High Pressure Tank (~2200 – 2500psig). Once comfortable with gas usage of the system and protocol, options for Generator with Surge Tank are available.
Page 16: Gas Pressure Regulators
For BioSpherix, Ltd. equipment, regulators should be 2500 PSIG input 0-60 PSIG output regulator at the source of the compressed gas. PSIG stands for Pounds per Square Inch Gauge as opposed to PSIA which stands for Pounds per Square Inch Absolute.
Page 17 PSIG. pressure. When the gas source is completely empty, or shut off, this gauge will read zero. For BioSpherix, Ltd. equipment, regulators should be 2500 PSIG input. Inlet Connection – This is where the regulator is attached to the gas source with the CGA Fitting.
Page 18: Gas Consumption
Simply over design with excess capacity; this option is likely to lead to wasted gas and added costs. BioSpherix, Ltd. will be able to help by providing excessive estimates that will probably never be exceeded. But understand that it is probably going to cost more up front and cost more over time.
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Page 20: Setup Of Gas Supply
This section will describe how to setup the gas supply. Gas must be supplied through a 1/4” ID tube to the back panel of the OxyCycler model A84. The pressure must be regulated to 0-60 PSIG. For maximum speed, BioSpherix, Ltd. recommends regulating the pressure to 40 PSIG.
Page 21 Setup of Gas Supply NOTE BioSpherix, Ltd. strongly encourages all customers to perform a test run on the system prior to beginning any actual experiments. Doing so will enable the user to understand how the system performs and estimate the amount of gas consumption.
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Page 24: Equipment Overview
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Equipment Overview 4 Equipment Overview Front Panel Components 1. Controller - This controller acts as the “brain” of the unit, controlling a variety of variables. Some of these variables include: telling the unit when to infuse gas into the chamber(s), what specific gas to infuse into the chamber(s) and how much gas is needed to be infused to reach the specific setpoint.
Page 25: Back Panel Components
3. Supply Gas Hose Barbs - This is where the 1/4” ID tubings extending from the compressed gas sources attach to the unit. 4. Accessory Port - Used for custom units such as the BioSpherix, Ltd. Activent and/or the BioSpherix, Ltd. High-Speed Profiler.
Page 26: Actuator Pod Components
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Equipment Overview Actuator Pod Components The actuator pod’s function is to infuse the compressed gas source into the chamber, provide homogenization and measure oxygen levels. 1. Bolts - These four bolts are for mounting the actuator pod to the chamber. Wingnuts are provided to tighten.
Page 27: Monitor Pod Components
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Equipment Overview Monitor Pod Components The monitor pod’s function is to monitor the carbon dioxide, relative humidity, temperature and oxygen levels. The oxygen level is monitored in specific areas via the remote oxygen sensor. (This section is only applicable if a monitor pod was purchased.)
Page 28: System Sensors
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Equipment Overview System Sensors All sensors are all affected by variables other than the target variable. Temperature, pressure and cross reactions to other gases can affect sensor output. The best way to account for these variables is to understand them and compensate for them when necessary.
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Page 30: Oxycycler Model A84 Installation
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Installation 5 OxyCycler Model A84 Installation This next section contains instructions on the hardware installation of the OxyCycler model A84 unit. 1. Set the OxyCycler model A84 unit and the A-Chamber(s) on a level, secure surface. Make sure the chambers are within 10 feet of the unit, which is the length of the umbilical(s).
Page 31 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Installation 5. Attach each actuator pod to an A-Chamber. Insert the four bolts into the four holes on the chamber. Twist the four wingnuts onto the four bolts until finger tight. Wingnuts Actuator Pod If your system was purchased with a monitor pod then continue with steps 6-10.
Page 32 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Installation 8. With the plate removed, attach the monitor pod to the chamber. Insert the four bolts into the four holes on the chamber. Twist the four wingnuts onto the four bolts until finger tight. Monitor Pod 9.
Page 33 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Installation This is what the back panel will look like after installation is complete. Back Panel Connections For information on how to setup the computer, please refer to the computer installation instructions located with the supplied computer. Any further questions, please contact the BioSpherix, Ltd.
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Page 36: Communications
The control computer should be located in close proximity to the system controllers. NOTE BioSpherix, Ltd. highly recommends that the System Control PC be configured with the Microsoft Windows English Language Package. When configured for languages other than English, the System Control Software may become unstable.
Page 37: Introduction To The Software
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Communications Introduction to the Software The software used for system control is a Windows based interface consisting of customized screens that are system specific, as well as standardized screens that are used for viewing process graph information, setting system parameters and data logging.
Page 38: Rs485 Connection
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Communications RS485 Connection The Sealevel Converter is a communications tool used to convert RS485 communications to USB. Using the Sealevel Converter allows communication with one or more machines from a single computer. If your system was purchased with a computer, then the Sealevel software has been pre-installed at the factory.
Page 39: Sealevel Software Installation
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Communications Sealevel Software Installation NOTE Be sure to install the Sealevel Software before connecting any hardware. 1. Insert the Recovery Software CD into the CD-Rom. 2. Open the CD folder. 3. Locate the Sealevel folder and open.
Page 40: Physical Connection Setup
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Communications Physical Connection Setup Use the diagram for assistance in properly connecting the RS485 connections. 1. Insert the supplied Sealevel USB Cable into an open USB port on the computer and into the RS485 Sealevel Converter. When connecting the Sealevel USB Cable to the Sealevel Converter be sure to thread in the screw attached to the Sealevel USB Cable.
Page 41 Attach one end of a RS485 Communications Cable to the last machine connected in step 2. Attach the other end of the RS485 Communications Cable to the BioSpherix, Ltd. Communications Adapter. Once attached, be sure to secure the connection by threading the screw terminals into the receptacles.
Page 42 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Communications NOTE Any new machine added to the system has to be re-addressed so it can communicate with the software. Follow the instructions below to assign addresses to each new controller. 1. On the front panel of the new machine being added to the system, in sequence, push the three buttons one after the other: enter- Alarm Ack- Chng SP.
Page 43: Watview Software Installation
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Communications Wativew Software Installation If your system was purchased with a computer, then the Watview software has been pre- installed at the factory. If your sysem was not purchased with a computer, or if the controller loses communication with the software then use the following procedure to properly setup the Watview software.
Page 44 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Communications 3. When the Auto Communicator window opens you will need to select ALL ports under the Available Ports column. To do this, hold down the Ctrl key and click on every available port. NOTE: In many instances there will be missing ports. In the following example, ports 3 and 4 are not listed in the column.
Page 45 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Communications 8. The WVSetup caution window will open. Click OK. 9. The WVSetup window will now display the controller that was detected. Select Test. 10. Once the controller/test result appear in the Comm Test Result column the setup is complete.
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Page 48: Control Screen, Calibration Screen
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen 8 Control Screen, Calibration Screen The operator interface consists of a series of custom overview screens that reflect the configuration of the system. These custom screens are designed to consolidate basic system controls in order to make system operation as simple as possible.
Page 49: Control Interface
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen All custom control screens have been developed by BioSpherix, Ltd. Control screen descriptions are detailed in the following sections. The specific configuration of control screens may differ slightly depending on the features and functions included on individual systems.
Page 50: Control Screen
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen Control Screen The Control screen is used to control gas, temperature and RH parameters for each chamber. This screen is also used to turn on/off the sample stream pumps. To access the Control screen, click the Control button.
Page 51: Calibration Screen
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen Calibration Screen The Calibration screen is used during the calibration of each of the sensors. This screen is also used to turn on/off the sample stream pumps. To access the Calibration screen, click the Calibration button.
Page 52: Menu Items
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen Menu Items File • Data Log Setup Launch the Data Logger window. Use this dialog box to set up, operate and monitor data logging. • Copy Parameters Launch the Copy Parameters window. Use this dialog box to copy parameter settings from one controller to one or more other controllers or from one index to one or more other indexes.
Page 53 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen System • Login Log In to the system • Logout Log Out of the system • Preferences Launch the Preferences window. • Communications, Disable, Enable Select Disable to temporarily stop WatView from attempting to communicate with one or more controllers.
Page 54 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen Recipe Recipes provide extensive options to automate system functions and tie in individual controllers. • Creates a new recipe. If more than one recipe type exists, the New command opens the Choose Recipe Type dialog box. After you choose a recipe type the Recipe Editor screen opens.
Page 55 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen Event Logs Event logs track system users that log into the system, as well as every action that is performed. Each system user will have a password and each time they log in and use the system, all activities will be recorded.
Page 56 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen Trend Plot • Settings Opens the Plot Settings dialog box. Use this dialog box to specify what data will appear on the trend plot graph. • Graph Opens the trend plot graph. Use the Trend Plot screen to graph process data.
Page 57 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen View • SpreadSheet Opens the Spreadsheet Overview screen. Use this screen to monitor and modify controller parameters. Use the tabs and the buttons to view and edit the parameter values on the various spreadsheets.
Page 58 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Control Screen, Calibration Screen Tools The Tools menu contains tools specific to the installed controllers. See the tool specific help for help on each tool. The Tools menu appears only if there are controller’s with tools installed.
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Page 60: Manual Mode, Auto Mode
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Manual Mode, Auto Mode 9 Manual Mode, Auto Mode Manual Mode Manual Mode is the default control mode at System Startup. Manual Mode is used to turn off a control function (oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) by manually setting the Control UP and Control Down fields to zero.
Page 61 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Manual Mode, Auto Mode 3. The Control Mode drop down menu displays the Manual, Auto, or Tune options. Select the Manual option from the Control Status drop down menu and press the Send button. The control function is now in Manual Mode. The Control Mode field will display Manual.
Page 62: Auto Mode
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Manual Mode, Auto Mode Auto Mode Auto Mode is used for all static control functions. When a control function (oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) is placed in Auto Mode and the desired Setpoint is entered, the system will control that function to the entered Setpoint until the Setpoint is changed or the control function is placed in Manual Mode.
Page 63 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Manual Mode, Auto Mode 3. The Control Status drop down menu displays the Manual, Auto, or Tune options. Select the Auto option from the Control Status drop down menu and press the Send button. The control function is now in Auto Mode; the Control Mode field will display Auto.
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Page 66: Sensor Calibration
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 10 Sensor Calibration Calibration of the sensors is mandatory for the continual operation of the OxyCycler model A84 unit. Calibration should be performed: • Upon System Startup • Before and after every production run or experiment •...
Page 67: Calibration Standards
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Calibration electronically corrects for the difference among sensors. Regardless of each sensor’s raw output, it makes all of them read the same. It makes them read what they should read. It makes them accurate.
Page 68: Calibration Checks
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Calibration Checks Once sensors are calibrated at ZERO and SPAN, you have to check the SPAN calibration periodically to detect and correct for drift. Usually the ZERO point will not change over the life of the sensor, but the SPAN will.
Page 69: Preparation For Calibration
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Preparation for Calibration This section will describe how to properly calibrate the oxygen sensors in the actuator pods. Preparing for Calibration: 1. Next, open the regulator on the compressed nitrogen gas supply to 0-40 PSIG. Never exceed 40 PSIG, doing so could damage the equipment.
Page 70: Calibration Of Actuator Pods
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Calibration of Actuator Pods This section will describe how to properly calibrate an actuator pod. Use this process to calibrate all of the actuator pods. All of this will be done on the computer.
Page 71 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 3. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter heading, select Chamber 1 in the pull down menu. 4. Double click the reading underneath Control Mode to open the Chamber 1 Control Mode window. v4.2 d092217...
Page 72 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 5. Change the Chamber 1 Control Mode to Manual in the pull down menu and click Send. 6. Make sure that the Control Up and the Control Down are both reading 0.000%. 7. If either one or both don’t read 0.000% then double click the number in either column to bring up the popup window, adjust the number to 0 and click Send.
Page 73 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration ZERO Calibration: 1. Click the Calibration button. 2. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter pull down heading, select a chamber to calibrate. In this example we will select Chamber 1. v4.2 d092217...
Page 74 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 3. Under the Chamber 1 heading, double click the reading next to ZERO. 4. Change the ZERO State to On and click Send. This will turn on the zero calibration function. v4.2 d092217...
Page 75 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 5. Adjust the ZERO CAL GAS flowmeter on the front panel of the unit to read 200cc. 6. Go back to the computer, wait for the Process reading to level off (1-2 minutes). You can tell the sensor is reading only the zero calibration gas when the Process reading on the Calibration screen becomes stable and the reading levels out.
Page 76 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 10. Double click the reading next to ZERO to open the Chamber 1 Zero popup window. 11. In the Chamber 1 Zero popup window, adjust the ZERO reading up or down so that the Process reads 0.0 and then click Send.
Page 77 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 12. Once the ZERO function has been calibrated it must be shut off. To do this double click the reading next to ZERO underneath the Chamber 1 heading. 13. Once the popup window opens, change the ZERO State to Off and click Send.
Page 78 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration SPAN Calibration: 1. Wait approximately 3-4 minutes between the calibration of the ZERO and the calibration of the SPAN. While calibrating Chamber 1, either wait 3-4 minutes, or go through and calibrate all other chambers. Use the same process for all sensors as was used for Chamber 1.
Page 79 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 5. Adjust the SPAN CAL GAS flowmeter on the front panel to read 200cc. 6. Go back to the computer, wait for the Process reading to level off (1-2 minutes). You can tell the sensor is reading only the span calibration gas when the Process reading on the Calibration screen becomes stable and the reading levels out.
Page 80 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 10. Double click the reading next to SPAN to open the Chamber 1 SPAN popup window. 11. In the Chamber 1 SPAN popup window, adjust the SPAN reading up or down so that the Process reads the exact O2 percentage that is in the CO2/O2 mix (see the certificate on the compressed mix for the exact percentage of oxygen) and then click Send.
Page 81 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 12. Once the SPAN function has been calibrated it must be shut off. To do this double click the reading next to SPAN underneath the Chamber 1 heading. 13. Once the popup window opens, change the Span State to Off and click Send.
Page 82 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 14. Turn the Control back on when finished with the actuator pod(s) calibration. Click the Control button. 15. Double click the reading underneath Control Mode to open the Chamber 1 Control Mode window. v4.2 d092217...
Page 83 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 16. Change the Chamber 1 Control Mode to Auto and click Send. 17. Repeat both the zero calibration and the span calibration procedures for all the chambers. v4.2 d092217...
Page 84: Calibration Of Monitor Pod
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Calibration of Monitor Pod Preparations for Calibration of Monitor Pod Oxygen Sensor: 1. If you haven’t done so already, connect the compressed nitrogen and the compressed carbon dioxide/oxygen mix gas supplies to the unit.
Page 85 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 4. Select the proper chamber in the Select Chamber/Parameter pull down menu. 5. Double click the reading underneath Control Mode to open the Chamber 1 Control Mode window. v4.2 d092217...
Page 86 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 6. Change the Chamber 1 Control Mode to Manual in the pull down menu and click Send. 7. Make sure that the Control Up and the Control Down are both reading 0.000%. 8. If either one or both don’t read 0.000%, then double click the number in either column to bring up the popup window, adjust the number to 0 and click Send.
Page 87 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration ZERO Calibration of the Remote Oxygen Sensor: 1. Click the Calibration button. 2. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter heading, click which sensor to calibrate. The following example will explain how to calibrate the Monitor O2.
Page 88 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 3. Under the Monitor heading, double click the reading next to O2 ZERO. 4. Change the O2 ZERO State to On and click Send. This will turn on the zero calibration function. v4.2 d092217...
Page 89 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 5. Adjust the ZERO CAL GAS flowmeter on the front panel of the unit to read 200cc. 6. Go back to the computer, wait for the Process reading to level off (1-2 minutes). You can tell the sensor is reading only the zero calibration gas when the Process reading on the Calibration screen becomes stable and the reading levels out.
Page 90 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration NOTE After closing the Trend Plot window the screen will revert back to Chamber 1. 10. Double click the reading next to ZERO to open the Monitor O2 Zero popup window. 11. In the Monitor O2 Zero popup window adjust the ZERO reading up or down so that the Process reads 0.0 and then click Send.
Page 91 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 12. Once the ZERO function has been calibrated, the ZERO function can be shut off. To do this, double click the reading next to O2 ZERO under the Monitor heading. 13. Once the popup opens, change the Span State to Off and click Send.
Page 92: Calibration Of Carbon Dioxide Sensor
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Calibration of Carbon Dioxide Sensor Preparations for Calibration of Monitor Pod Oxygen Sensor: 1. If you haven’t done so already, connect the compressed nitrogen and the compressed carbon dioxide/oxygen mix gas supplies to the unit.
Page 93 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 2. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter heading, click which sensor to calibrate. The following example will explain how to calibrate the Monitor CO2. 3. Under the Monitor heading, double click the reading next to CO2 ZERO.
Page 94 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 4. Change the CO2 ZERO State to On and click Send. This will turn on the zero calibration function. 5. Adjust the ZERO CAL GAS flowmeter on the front panel of the unit to read 200cc.
Page 95 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 8. The Trend Plot window will show the Process reading with a graph. From the pull down menu, on the Trend Plot window, select Monitor. (Window may vary slightly from picture below.) 9. Once the graph levels off, go back to the OxyCycler window, by clicking the Back button.
Page 96 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 10. Double click the reading next to ZERO to open the Monitor CO2 Zero popup window. 11. In the Monitor CO2 Zero popup window adjust the ZERO reading up or down so that the Process reads 0 ppm (parts per million) and then click Send. The ZERO function corresponds with the Process reading.
Page 97 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 12. Once the ZERO function has been calibrated, the ZERO function can be shut off. To do this, double click the reading next to CO2 ZERO under the Monitor heading. 13. Once the CO2 ZERO popup opens, change the CO2 ZERO State to Off and click Send.
Page 98 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Span Calibration of Carbon Dioxide Sensor: 1. Double click the reading next to CO2 SPAN underneath the Monitor heading. 2. Once the CO2 SPAN popup window opens, change the CO2 SPAN State to On and click Send.
Page 99 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 3. Adjust the SPAN CAL GAS flowmeter on the front panel to read 200cc. 4. Go back to the computer, wait for the Process reading to level off (1-2 minutes). You can tell the sensor is reading only the span calibration gas when the Process reading on the Calibration screen becomes stable and the reading levels out.
Page 100 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 7. Once the Process has leveled off, go back to the OxyCycler window by click the Back button. NOTE After closing the Trend Plot window the screen will revert back to Chamber 1. 8. Double click the reading next to SPAN to open the Monitor CO2 SPAN popup window.
Page 101 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 9. In the Monitor CO2 SPAN popup window, adjust the SPAN reading up or down so that the Process reads the exact CO2 percentage that is in the CO2/O2 mix (see the certificate on the compressed mix for the exact percentage of oxygen) and then click Send.
Page 102 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 10. Once the SPAN has been calibrated it must be shut off. To do this, double click the reading next to CO2 SPAN underneath the Monitor heading. 11. Once the CO2 SPAN popup window opens, change the CO2 SPAN State to Off and click Send.
Page 103: Calibration Of Temperature Sensor
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Calibration of Temperature Sensor 1. First, place an accurate thermometer into the chamber that the monitor pod is attached to. 2. Click the Calibration button. 3. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter heading, select Monitor Temp.
Page 104 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 4. Observe the difference between the Process reading and the reading of the thermometer that is within the chamber. 5. Change the TEMP. OFFSET so that the Process reads the same as the thermometer.
Page 105: Calibration Of Relative Humidity Sensor
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration Calibration of Relative Humidity Sensor 1. Attach the calibration tubing to the bleed barb on the front of the unit, labeled NITROGEN. Bleed barb 2. Attach the calibration chamber (which is attached to the calibration tubing) to the humidity sensor on the monitor pod.
Page 106 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 4. Now, on the computer, select the Calibration button. 5. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter pull down menu, select Monitor RH. v4.2 d092217 1 0 5...
Page 107 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 6. Double click the reading next to ZERO to open the Monitor RH ZERO popup window. 7. In the Monitor RH ZERO popup window adjust the number so that the Process reads 0 and then click Send.
Page 108 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration SPAN Calibration of Relative Humidty Sensor: 1. Wrap a damp paper towel around the humidity sensor. Make sure that the paper towel isn’t dripping wet. Ring all of the excess water out before placing it over the sensor.
Page 109 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Sensor Calibration 5. Double click the reading next to SPAN to open the Monitor RH SPAN popup window. 6. In the Monitor RH SPAN popup window adjust the number so that the Process reads 100 and then click Send.
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Page 112: System Operations
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations 11 System Operations NOTE Prior to beginning any experiments with your system(s) it is important that you review the “Data Logging” and “Trend Plotting” sections. These sections will provide detailed descriptions of each feature as well as procedures on how to store and backup your data.
Page 113 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations Why Dynamic Control? • To adapt to the needs of cells as requirements change. • To simulate pathological conditions such as an acute transient exposure to specific levels caused by a wound or a clot.
Page 114 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations Dynamic Control Examples Keeping up with proliferating cell populations: For a normal cell population that starts out small, at low density, with low oxygen consumption, the initial controlled oxygen concentration might be optimal. However, as the cell population doubles and doubles again and continues growing, the oxygen consumption increases proportionately, and the initial static gas phase above the media may not be sufficient to supply the cells with the increased demand for oxygen.
Page 115: Single Setpoint Control
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations Single Setpoint Control This section will describe how to use Single Setpoint Control in Chamber 1. Repeat the following procedure for all of the other Chambers. NOTE Do not continue with the “Single Setpoint Control” section of this manual until you have read the “Communications”...
Page 116 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations Single Setpoint Control: 1. Turn on the computer and open the OxyCycler program. In the following example we show how to set the Setpoint of Chamber 1. 2. Click the Control button. 3. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter pull down menu, select the Chamber 1.
Page 117 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations 4. Double click in the Setpoint field to open the Chamber 1 Setpoint popup window. 5. In the Chamber 1 Setpoint popup window, change the Setpoint to the desired setpoint of oxygen percentage in the Chamber 1. *The range for the Setpoint is 1-99.
Page 118 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations 6. Double click the reading underneath Control Mode to open the Chamber 1 Control Mode window. 7. Change the Chamber 1 Control Mode to Auto in the pull down menu and click Send. v4.2 d092217...
Page 119 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations Shutting Off Gas Control: 1. After using Single Setpoint Control shut off all of the gas control. 2. Click the Control button. 3. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter heading, select Chamber 1 in the pull down menu.
Page 120 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations 4. Double click the reading underneath Control Mode to open the Chamber 1 Control Mode window. 5. Change the Chamber 1 Control Mode to Manual in the pull down menu and click Send. v4.2 d092217...
Page 121 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 System Operations 6. Make sure that the Control Up and the Control Down are both reading 0.000%. 7. If either one or both don’t read 0.000% then double click the number in either column to bring up the popup window, adjust the number to 0 and click Send.
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Page 124: Writing Profiles
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Profiles 12 Writing Profiles This section will describe how to use the profiling feature. Profiling allows the user to program the controller to automatically increase and decrease gas levels in a specific amount of time.
Page 125: Create A Profile
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Prrofiles Create a Profile: 1. First, a Profile needs to be created. Click on Tools and select Profile Editor. 2. Some initial parameters need to be setup. The first one is Input Type. Change the Input Type to Linear/Pulse.
Page 126 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Profiles 3. Change the Display Format to -999.9-3000.0. 4. Next, the Ready Setpoint will need to be changed. The Ready Setpoint is the Setpoint where the profile will start and stop. In the following example the Ready Setpoint is changed to 21.0.
Page 127 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Prrofiles 5. Now, the Number of Cycles will need to be changed. The number of cycles determines how many times the profile will run through its setpoints. Click in the box next to Number of Cycles in order to assign the profile a specific number. In the following example the Number of Cycles is set to 2.
Page 128 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Profiles 7. Next, is adding segments. Right-click on the Ready Segment. 8. Click Add Segment. 9. Click in the box next to Setpoint in order to change the setpoint to the desired value (make sure that the Off check box next to Setpoint is deselected). In the following example the setpoint value is changed to 10.
Page 129 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Prrofiles 11. Next, add another segment. Right click on Segment 1 and select Add Segment. 12. Change the Setpoint to 10. v4.2 d092217...
Page 130 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Profiles 13. Change the Segment Time to 1 hour. This will keep the setpoint at 10 for one hour. 14. Add a third segment. Right click on Segment 2 and select Add Segment. v4.2 d092217...
Page 131 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Prrofiles 15. Change the Setpoint to 21. 16. Leave the Segment Time at 0. v4.2 d092217...
Page 132 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Profiles 17. Add a fourth segment. To do this, right click on Segment 3 and select Add Segment. 18. Change the Setpoint to 21.0. v4.2 d092217 1 3 1...
Page 133 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Prrofiles 19. Change the Segment Time to 1 hour. 20. This profile will bring the Setpoint from 21 to 10 for one hour. Then, it will bring the Setpoint up to 21 for one hour. The profile will do this twice because the Number of Cycles is 2.
Page 134 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Profiles 22. Name the profile and click Save. 23. Now that the profile is created and saved, exit the Profile Editor window. Click on the File tab and select Exit. v4.2 d092217 1 3 3...
Page 135: Running A Profile
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Prrofiles Running a Profile: 1. Under the Select Chamber/Parameter pull down menu select Chamber (#). The following example will show how to run a profile on Chamber 1. 2. Click on the Tools tab and select Profile Control.
Page 136: How To Stop A Profile
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Profiles 4. Click the appropriate profile that was saved and click Open. Allow time for the computer to download the profile to the controller. 5. When it has been downloaded the Status will change from N/A to Ready.
Page 137: Setting A Tolerance
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Prrofiles Setting a Tolerance Setting a tolerance in a profile segment suspends the segment time clock until the process variable reaches the tolerance level, which is the Setpoint plus the Tolerance. Once the process variable reaches the tolerance level, the segment time clock resumes and the profile progression continues.
Page 138 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Writing Profiles Tolerance is set by un-checking Tolerance Off and entering a tolerance level in the Tolerance field. Tolerance levels can be positive or negative and must be whole numbers. Tolerance Off Tolerance Tolerance Time-Out Set a limit on how long the process variable can be outside the tolerance set for the segment before the tolerance alarm occurs.
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Page 140: Recipes
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 13 Recipes A recipe is a collection of parameter settings from one or more controllers on a network saved in a file. Recipes provide a powerful tool for automating operations and switching the configuration of a system for a variety of processes.
Page 141 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 2. In the Recipe Type Builder window, select the tab for the particular type of controller you want to include in this recipe type. In the following example we will select controller CLS208-RS. Recipe Type Builder Screen 3.
Page 142 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes II. Under the Parameters list, select each parameter that should appear in the recipes by clicking in the check box. To select all parameters click on Select All. III. To change the order in which Indexes or Parameters appear in recipes, select an item in the Indexes or Parameters list, then click the up or down arrow.
Page 143 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 4. Once all Indexes and Parameters have been chosen, click on File and select Save. 5. In the Recipe Type Builder screen, enter a name for the recipe type and then click OK. v4.2 d092217...
Page 144: Custom Parameters
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 6. To exit the Recipe Type Builder screen, click on the red X in the upper right corner. Watview software provides you the ability to include custom parameters in the recipe type. To include custom parameters in the recipe type, please follow the instructions below.
Page 145 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 2. Once the Custom tab is selected, you can create a recipe type. Repeat the following steps for each custom parameter. Under the Controller heading, click on the arrow to open the drop down menu and select the controller to include in the recipe type. In the following example we will select CLS208-RS II.
Page 146 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes III. Under the Index heading, click on the arrow to open the drop down menu and select the specific index to include as a custom parameter. IV. Under the Parameter heading, click on the arrow to open the drop down menu and select the specific parameter.
Page 147 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes V. Click the Add button. Your new recipe type will appear under the Item in Recipe Column. VI. If you have more than one items in the recipe list, you can change the order in which the custom parameters appear in recipes. To do this, select one of the custom parameters in the Items in Recipe list, then click the up or down arrow.
Page 148 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 3. Click on the File menu and select Save. 4. In the Recipe Type Builder window, enter a name for the recipe type and then click OK. v4.2 d092217 1 4 7...
Page 149: Create A Recipe
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes Create a Recipe Once you have created a recipe type, you can use the Recipe Editor to create new recipes. Editing values in a recipe does not alter settings in the controller directly. After you have set all the parameters the way you want them, save your recipe.
Page 150 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes NOTE The new recipe contains settings that are the same as those currently in the controller(s). However, editing the values in the recipe has no effect on the controller(s) until the recipe is downloaded. 3. In the Recipe Editor window, you can edit the parameter settings: Double-click in a cell to edit the value.
Page 151 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 4. Once you have finished editing the parameters, click on Recipe in the toolbar and select Save As. 5. When the Save Recipe As window pops up, provide the recipe with a name. In the File Name field, enter a unique name for the recipe.
Page 152 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 6. Double click in the Comment field to enter any notes that will help you recognize the recipe at a later time. 7. Click OK. v4.2 d092217 1 5 1...
Page 153: Download A Recipe
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes Download a Recipe Recipe settings are sent to the controllers when a recipe is downloaded. Downloading a recipe will only affect the parameters and controllers specified in the recipe. The following procedure will explain how to download a recipe from the computer to the controller(s): 1.
Page 154: Using A Recipe
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes Using a Recipe In addition to downloading a recipe manually, Process Variable recipes can be automatically downloaded based on the time and date or on startup conditions. Automatic recipe downloads can be scheduled in the Calendar Events window. WatView can be set to download a recipe at a certain time and on a certain day, or on a regular schedule.
Page 155 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 3. In the Calendar Events window, schedule the Recipe Start Time as well as the date you would like the recipe to begin. In the following example, the OxyCycler A84 _Recipe 1 will start on July 14th and it is scheduled to run Every Day in July.
Page 156 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 5. Once the recipe has been added it will appear in the Scheduled Events spreadsheet. Downloading a Recipe After a Power Failure Watview can automatically download a recipe on rebooting the computer after a power failure.
Page 157 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 2. When the Preferences window pops up, click on the Program Startup tab. 3. Under the Normal Startup heading click on the drop down menu next to Action and select Send Parameters to Controller. v4.2 d092217...
Page 158 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Recipes 4. Click on the drop down menu next to Recipe and select a recipe. In the following example, we are selecting OxyCycler A84 _Recipe 1. 5. Click OK. v4.2 d092217 1 5 7...
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Page 160: Use A Recipe To Run A Profile
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 14 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile The Watview software enables users to set multiple profiles to run automatically on specific days and at specified times through the use of the recipe feature. The following procedure will explain how to properly download profiles to the controller and how to program them to run automatically within a recipe.
Page 161 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile Once the profile is downloaded to the controller, in the Chamber row underneath the Profile column, the status will change from <None> to the name of the profile that was just downloaded to the controller.
Page 162 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 5. Location A should be the only location left underneath the Profile Locations heading. Now click OK. 6. In the toolbar, click on File and select Save. v4.2 d092217...
Page 163 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 7. Name the file a unique name and select Save. In the following example the file is named Location A, so we now know that Profile 1 is saved to Location A.
Page 164 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 10. When the Profile Group Resources popup window opens, select ALL Locations under the Profile Locations heading except for Location B. Location B is where Profile 2 will be stored.
Page 165 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 12. In the Chamber 1 row underneath the Status column, right click on the Ready status and select Unassign. Doing this will unassign Profile 1. 13. To download profile 2 onto the controller right click in the Profile coulmn for the chamber that you want to download the profile for.
Page 166 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 14. Select which profile to download to the controller and click Open. In the following example we are selecting Profile 2. 15. Once the profile has been loaded to the controller, click on File and select Save.
Page 167: Create A Recipe For Downloaded Profiles
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile NOTE Watview software provides several locations to store the profiles onto the controller. You can assign a profile to every location that is available. If you are assigning multiple profiles to several different locations, make sure to create new profile groups and name them according to the location of the profile.
Page 168 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 2. Select which Parameters and Indexes to include in the recipe. In the following example, all parameters and all chambers (1-4) have been selected. 3. Once all Indexes and Parameters have been chosen, click on File and select Save.
Page 169 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 4. In the Recipe Type Builder screen, enter a name for the recipe type and then click OK. 5. To exit the Recipe Type Builder screen, click on the red X in the upper right corner.
Page 170 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 6. In the toolbar click on Recipe and select New. 7. When the Recipe Editor window opens, right click in the Chamber 1 row underneath the Control Mode column and select Ready.
Page 171 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 8. Now, right click in the Chamber 1 row underneath the Profile Location column and select A from the drop down menu. 9. In the toolbar, click on Recipe and select Save As.
Page 172 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 11. Now, right click in the Chamber 1 row underneath the Profile Location column and select B from the drop down menu. 12. In the toolbar, click on Recipe and select Save As.
Page 173: Setting The Profiles To Run Within A Recipe
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile Setting the Profiles to Run Within a Recipe Once the profiles are dowloaded and stored to their locations, they can be used within a recipe. 1. In the toolbar, click on Recipe and select Calendar to open the Calendar Events window.
Page 174 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 3. Once Location A has been selected, choose the specific preferences for this recipe. • Recipe Start Time - Allows you to select what time you want Location A (profile 1) to start running.
Page 175 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 4. Once all preferences have been selected, click Add. Once Location A has been added to the recipe calendar, profile 1 will automatically run on the specified days and times that were selected.
Page 176 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 5. Now select another recipe from the Recipe Name drop down menu. This will load another recipe to the calendar. In the following example we we will select Location B.
Page 177 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Use a Recipe to Run a Profile 7. Once all preferences have been selected for Location B click Add. Once Location B has been added to the recipe calendar, Profile 1 and Profile 2 will automatically run on the specified days and times that were selected.
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Page 180: Data Logging
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging 15 Data Logging Overview Specific data parameters, recording times and data recording intervals are configured by the user, recording only the information that is considered critical for an experiment or system test. The data files are stored in a Microsoft Excel format (.xls, .xlsx) at any location specified by the user.
Page 181: Setting Data Storage Preferences
Depending on the amount of days the data is being stored for and how much data is being backed up, data logging could fill up your hard drive quickly. BioSpherix, Ltd. has many customers who set their preferences to track their data for 365 days. BioSpherix, Ltd. highly recommends exporting your data immediately once that run is complete.
Page 182 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging 2. In the Data Logger window, click on Tools and select Options. 3. The Data Logger Options popup window will appear. Click on the Log File Content tab and under the Create New Log File heading, choose whether to create a new log file daily, or to create a new log file each time logging starts.
Page 183 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging 4. Underneath the File Content heading, fill out the field next to Log data every. This will tell the software how often to log the data. In the following example, 30 seconds was typed in the Log data every field.
Page 184: Exporting Data
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging Exporting Data When exporting data from the data logger all of the data that is selected will actively log to the file. This particular method works effectively to those who have many processes occurring at a given time.
Page 185 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging 3. The Data Logger popup window will appear, displaying the new set. 4. To add an additional set, click on the existing set to highlight and then right click and select New Set. Follow this procedure every time a new set is being added to the data logger.
Page 186 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging 7. Click on a set to highlight it. Once the set is highlighted, select the parameters to log. To do this, click on Tools and then click Select Parameters. 8. The Select Logging Parameters [Chamber 1 O2 Setpoint] popup window will appear. To select all parameters to log, click on Select All of This Parameter Type.
Page 187 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging 10. Once all parameters have been selected, click OK. In the following example, the Setpoint and Process Variable have been selected. 11. There are also a variety of options that are specific to each set. Click on a set to select it, then click on Tools and select Options.
Page 188 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging 13. Underneath the File Content heading, fill out the field next to Log data every. This will tell the software how often to log the data. In the following example, 30 seconds was typed in the Log data every field.
Page 189 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Data Logging 15. The Data Logger popup window will appear. Click on a set to select it. Once the set is highlighted, right click and then select Start. 16. The data for the Incubation Chamber 1 O2 Setpoint will now log into the Datalogs folder in the Anafaze software.
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Page 192: Trend Plot Database Overview
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database 16 Trend Plot Database Overview The trend plot database automatically collects data for the trend plot feature, whether or not data logging is enabled. The data is collected at a rate that you can specify and then records the values of all parameters that may be graphed in all controllers that are communicating.
Page 193: Graphing Process Data With The Trend Plot Database
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database Graphing Process Data with the Trend Plot Database Graphing features in the Trend Plot screen allow you to create multiple graph sets in which you can specify which parameters to graph, over what time period and many other options.
Page 194: Trend Plot Graph Screen
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database Trend Plot Graph Screen The Trend Plot graph screen allows the operator to view system wide, real-time process readings in graph form. Individual chambers and parameters are designated with different line colors on the graph. The line colors and corresponding variables are defined at the top of the screen.
Page 195 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database Legend (top of graph): – Displays the line color that is associated with each Chamber/ Parameter variable. For example: if the line color above Chamber 1: Process Variable is blue then the blue line trending on the graph represents the process value for chamber 1.
Page 196: Setting Data Storage Preferences
Preferences by selecting the amount of days to store the data for, refer to the steps below. BioSpherix, Ltd. highly recommends exporting your data immediately once the run is complete. Once exported, verify that the data backed up correctly and save the data using your facilities backup practices.
Page 197 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database 2. The Preferences popup window will appear. Click on the Trend Plot tab. 3. Check the box next to Delete Plot history after and then type in the number of days to track the data for. In the following example, the software is being set up to track the data for 30 days.
Page 198: Exporting Data
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database Exporting Data The following procedure will demonstrate how to export all data on the chart into a preferred document, such as a spreadsheet program. Exporting data from the trend plot database will export all graphing parameters into a file. Using the trend plot database also provides the option to track older data by selecting specific dates and times.
Page 199 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database NOTE This method provides the ability to store and export data that was logged from the past. For example, to log data from two months back, simply click on the left arrow icon on the calendar until the preferred month and day appear.
Page 200 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database 5. The Logging Interval field provides the option to select how often the chosen parameters will be logged and exported. The Logging Interval has a default of 60 seconds. To change the time of the Logging Interval, click in the box next to the Logging Interval field and type in a specified time.
Page 201 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database 7. The Select Parameters popup window will appear, providing a selection of parameters to choose in order to track and export the data. To select all parameters, click on the Select All button.
Page 202 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database 10. The Export Settings window will appear. Click on Export Data Now. The data will now start to track and export. 11. The data will load into the Plot folder in the Anafaze software. To retrieve this data go to the Program files Anafaze folder, click on the Watview folder and the data will be stored inside the Plot folder.
Page 203: Exporting An Image
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database Exporting an Image Exporting an image is a good way to get your data if four or less data points are being loaded at a time. This method will take those points and export them immediately.
Page 204 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Trend Plot Database 2. Select a location to save the image to. In the following example, the data is being saved to My Computer. 3. This is an example of what the data will look like once the image is opened.
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Page 206: Copy Parameters
NOTE This section describes advanced content features for the OxyCycler model A84 System. Prior to accessing these features, please contact BioSpherix, Ltd. Technical Support for assistance. Parameter settings can be copied from one controller to additional controllers or from one index to additional indexes.
Page 207 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Copy Parameters Copy Parameters Window Source - Use these items to select the settings you want to duplicate. Controller Type - Select the controller with the settings you want to copy. Parameter Type - Select the type of parameter or the group of parameter types you want to copy.
Page 208: Spreadsheet Overview Screen
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Copy Parameters Spreadsheet Overview Screen The Copy Parameters window can also be opened from the Spreadsheet Overview screen. The controller tabs and parameter type buttons in the Spreadsheet Overview screen provide access to the controller’s settings and values. These buttons allow you to view and change the parameters for all the controllers on your network.
Page 209: Copying Parameters
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Copy Parameters Copying Parameters 1. Under the Controller Type heading, click on the drop down menu and select the desired controller. 2. Under the Parameter Type heading, click on the drop down menu and select the desired parameter.
Page 210 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Copy Parameters 3. Under the Index heading, click on the drop down menu and select the desired index. 4. Under the Parameters to Copy heading and the Target Indices heading, click on the parameters and indices you want to copy. Once you have selected all desired parameters and indices, click Copy.
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Page 212: Snapshots
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Snapshots 18 Snapshots Overview Snapshots provide a quick way to save the complete configuration of a controller and it also provides a good way to backup your settings after you set up a controller. This feature can also be used to copy settings from one controller to another.
Page 213 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Snapshots 2. Under the Snapshot File Name provide a name for the snapshot. 3. Click Save. 4. The following popup window will appear: Snapshot saved. Click OK. The snapshot will be saved in the Snapshots folder in the Anafaze software. To retrieve this snapshot go to the program files Anafaze folder, click on the Watview folder and the snapshot will be stored inside the Snapshots folder.
Page 214: Restore A Snapshot
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Snapshots Restore a Snapshot The Restore Snapshot option is used to load a snapshot from the snapshot folder into the controller. 1. If you choose to restore a snapshot, the Restore Snapshot popup window will appear. Under the Snapshot File heading, use the drop down menu to select which controller you will be restoring the snapshot for.
Page 215 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Snapshots 3. Once the controller is highlighted, click Send. 4. The following popup window will appear: Snapshot was successfully restored. Click OK. The snapshot will be saved in the Snapshots folder in the Anafaze software. To retrieve this snapshot go to the program files Anafaze folder, click on the Watview folder and the snapshot will be stored inside the Snapshots folder.
Page 216: Remove A Snapshot
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Snapshots Remove a Snapshot The Remove Snapshot option is used to delete the snapshot file. 1. If you choose to remove a snapshot, the Remove Snapshot popup window will appear. Under the Snapshot File heading, use the drop down menu to select which controller you will be removing the snapshot from.
Page 217 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Snapshots 3. The following popup window will appear: Deleting File [ # # # ] Are you sure? Click Yes. The snapshot will be deleted. NOTE When a snapshot is removed it is sent to the recycle bin on your desktop. In order to recover a deleted snapshot you must do so prior to emptying your recycle bin.
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Page 220: Alarms
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms 19 Alarms An alarm is triggered when a process value moves beyond limits set by the user. When an alarm occurs, the Alarm button located in the upper right of each screen will turn red to indicate an alarm condition and the Alarm screen is automatically displayed.
Page 221 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms Alarm Message - Displays why the alarm was triggered. Next Unacknowledged Alarm - This field displays what alarm needs to be acknowledged. Click on the Acknowledge This Alarm button. Clear View - Once an alarm has been acknowledged you can clear it by clicking this button.
Page 222: Setting A Tolerance
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms Setting a Tolerance Sensors vary under normal operations and under some circumstances that variation can activate the alarm. If your alarm is activating inadvertently or unexpectedly then you may need to increase the tolerance. The tolerance can be increased from the controller Setup screen.
Page 223 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms 3. The Chamber 1 Low Process Setpoint popup screen will appear. Adjust the tolerance for the low process setpoint and then click Send. v4.2 d092217...
Page 224: Manage Alarms
Alarms Manage Alarms By default, when an alarm occurs, the Alarm screen is automatically displayed. BioSpherix Ltd. recommends leaving this feature on the default setting, however it can be disabled from the Alarms Tab. The alarm tab, in the Preferences window allows users to set the conditions that will trigger an alarm.
Page 225 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms 3. In the Alarms tab you will see two settings: Computer Audible Alarm and Auto Alarm View. • If you remove the checkmark next to Computer Audible Alarm, the software will not give off an audible noise when an alarm has been triggered.
Page 226 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms In addition to setting the conditions that will trigger an alarm, Watview software also provides the user the ability to customize each alarm message. You can use WatView to provide the operator with information about the alarm and what action should be taken when an alarm is triggered.
Page 227 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms 6. When the Chamber 1 Low Process Variable window opens, you can provide information about this specific alarm. Now every time that alarm is triggered, the message that you provided in the Remediation column will be displayed in the Alarms screen. Click OK to close this dialog box.
Page 228: When An Alarm Is Triggered
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms When an Alarm is Triggered By default, when an alarm occurs, the Alarm screen is automatically displayed. Acknowledging and Clearing an Alarm 1. If there was only one alarm triggered, click on the Acknowledge This Alarm button at the bottom left of the screen.
Page 229 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms 2. Once an alarm has become acknowledged, a new Alarm message will appear in green and the Alarm column will display a green OK. 3. Click on Clear View in order to turn the red Alarm button off.
Page 230 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms 4. Once the alarm had been cleared, the red alarm button will turn back to its original state. The acknowledged alarms will remain in the Alarm screen until the problem has been corrected. NOTE If your alarm is activating inadvertently or unexpectedly then you may need to increase the tolerance.
Page 231 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Alarms 5. Once the problem has been addressed, click on Clear View to remove the alarms from the Alarm screen. v4.2 d092217...
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Page 233 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 v4.2 d092217...
Page 234: Event Log
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Event Log 20 Event Log The Event Log contains a record of user actions, alarms, recipe downloads and other events that occur while WatView is running. This text file can be viewed in WatView or a text editor by clicking on the Event Log tab and selecting View.
Page 235 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 v4.2 d092217...
Page 236: Maintenance
BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 Maintenance 21 Maintenance This section will describe how to: • Remove/replace the oxygen sensor inside of the actuator pods • Remove/replace the remote oxygen sensor • Remove/replace actuator pods and monitor pod • Check and re-calibrate the sensors...
Page 237 3. Unscrew the oxygen sensor. NOTE The BioSpherix, Ltd. phone number and model number are located on the sensor. Call this number to purchase a new sensor. 4. When the new sensor is received, screw it into the base until snug.
Page 238: Sensor Disposal
1. Unplug the molex connector from the sensor by pushing in the tab and pulling out the plug. 2. Unscrew the oxygen sensor from its base. 3. The BioSpherix, Ltd. phone number and the model number are located on the sensor. Call this number to purchase a new sensor.
Page 239 BioSpherix OxyCycler Model A84 v4.2 d092217...
Page 240 BioSpherix A-Chamber A-Chamber Manual version 0.7 November 2015 This manual is intended to help our customers efficiently setup and operate the equipment. We encourage not only all installers, but also all users to read this manual thoroughly. Keep it handy and refer to it often.
Page 241 BioSpherix A-Chamber Table of Contents BioSpherix Supplied Parts................3 Installation......................4 Maintenance......................5 v0.7 d111315...
Page 242 BioSpherix A-Chamber BioSpherix Supplied Parts BioSpherix Supplied Parts Standard A-Chamber Plugs for vent holes (Size and material may vary) Riser Plugs inside of vent holes v0.7 d111315...
Page 243: Installation
BioSpherix A-Chamber Installation Installation This section will describe how to install the A-Chamber 1. Place the A-Chamber on a level, secure surface. Make sure the door is facing outward for easy access. 2. Place the riser shelf inside of the chamber.
Page 244 BioSpherix A-Chamber Maintenance Maintenance This section will describe how to maintain the A-Chamber. Clean the inside of the chamber when necessary. Clean the entire chamber periodically, but do not use autoclave or other methods of high heat cleaning which would melt the plastic.
Page 245 Touch Key TOUCH KEY OPERATION version 1.2 September 2015 This chapter consists of pages copied directly from the original generic manual for the cotroller (CLS). CLS is terminology for controller. All pertinent sections on operating the controller from the front panel touchkeys are included. However, as it’s read, the controller manual assumed you wanted to control temperature, not oxygen.
Page 246 Touch Key CONTENTS Using the CLS200 Series Controller Front Panel..........................7 Front Panel Keys......................8 Displays..........................10 Bar Graph Display......................10 Single Loop Display......................11 Alarms..........................12 Job Display...........................13 Operator Menus........................14 Change Setpoint......................14 Manual/Automatic Control....................14 Ramp/Soak........................15 Setup How to Access the Setup Menus..................17 How to Change a Menu Item..................17 CLS200 Series Menu Structure...................18 Set Up Global Parameters Menu..................19 Load a Job........................20...
Page 247 Touch Key Low Reading........................31 Input Filter........................31 Set Up Loop Control Parameters..................32 Heat or Cool Control PB....................33 Heat or Cool Control TI....................33 Heat or Cool Control TD....................33 Heat or Cool Output Filter....................34 Heat and Cool Spread.....................34 Restore PID Dig In......................34 Set Up Loop Outputs......................35 Enable/Disable Heat or Cool Outputs................36 Heat or Cool Output Type....................36 Heat or Cool Cycle Time....................37...
Page 248 Touch Key Troubleshooting and Maintenance No-Key Reset........................57 Changing the Firmware......................58 Appendix A: Ramp Soak Ramp/Soak Features......................61 Specifications........................61 Configuring Ramp/Soak.......................62 Setting the R/S Time Base....................63 Editing R/S Time Base.....................63 Choosing a Profile to Edit....................63 Copying the Setup from Another Profile................63 Editing the Tolerance Alarm Time..................64 Editing the Ready Setpoint....................64 Editing the Ready Event States..................65 Choosing an External Reset Input...................65...
Page 249: Using The Cls200 Series Controller
Touch Key Using the CLS200 Series Controller This chapter shows you how to use the CLS200 series controller from the front panel. If you re using AnaWin or ANASOFT, please see the related User’s Guide. This chapter covers the following topics: •...
Page 250 Touch Key The next diagram shows how to reach the operator menus from Single Loop display. (To change global parameters, loop inputs, control parameters, outputs, and alarms from the setup menus, you must enter a special sequence of keys. To learn how, see the next chapter: Setup.) BACK Power...
Page 251: Front Panel
Touch Key Front Panel The front panel provides a convenient interlace with the controller. You can program and operate the controller with the front panel keys shown below, or you can use AnaWin or ANASOFT to directly interface with the controller. RAMP SOAK •...
Page 252: Front Panel Keys
Touch Key Front Panel Keys Press YES to: • Select a menu or parameter YES (up) • Answer YES to the flashing ? prompts • Increase a value or choice when editing • Stop scanning mode Press NO to: • Skip a menu or parameter when the prompt is blinking NO (down) •...
Page 253 Touch Key Press MAN/AUTO to: • Toggle a loop between manual and automatic control AUTO • Adjust the output power level of manual loops • Automatically tune the loop If your controller has the ramp/soak option, press RAMP/SOAK to: RAMP •...
Page 254: Displays
Touch Key Displays This section discusses the controller’s main displays: Bar Graph, Single Loop and Job. Bar Graph Display On power up, the controller displays general symbolic information for up to eight loops. This screen is called the bar graph display. The diagram below shows the symbols used in the bar graph display.
Page 255: Single Loop Display
Touch Key The next table explains the symbols you see on the bottom line of the Bar Graph display. These symbols appear when the controller is in both dual output mode and single output mode. If an alarm occurs, the controller automatically switches to Single Loop display and shows an alarm code.
Page 256: Alarms
Touch Key An alternate Single Loop display (below) shows HEAT or COOL if the loop is in automatic control and both outputs are enabled: From Single Loop Display: • Press YES to go to the next loop. • Press NO to go to the previous loop. •...
Page 257: Acknowledging An Alarm
Touch Key Acknowledging An Alarm: If an alarm occurs, the controller switches to Single Loop Display. Press ALARM ACK to acknowledge the alarm. If there are other loops with alarm conditions, the Alarm display switches to the next loop in alarm. Acknowledge all alarms to clear the global alarm digital output.
Page 258: Operator Menus
Touch Key Operator Menus You can reach the following operator menus from single loop display. Change Setpoint To change the setpoint, go to single loop display of the loop you wish to change, and then press the change setpoint key. You should see a display like this: •...
Page 259: Ramp/Soak
Touch Key Manual Output Levels: The Manual Output Levels menu only appears if you have set the current loop to Manual control. This menu lets you set the manual output levels for the enabled outputs. The cool output menu is just like the heat output menu, except that the word COOL replaces the word HEAT in the display.
Page 260: Setup
Touch Key Setup The setup menus let you change the controller’s detailed configuration information. This section describes how to setup the controller from menus in the controller firmware. This chapter covers the following topics: • Accessing the Setup Menus • Changing Menu Items •...
Page 261: How To Access The Setup Menus
Touch Key How to Access the Setup Menus Select the Single Loop Display for the loop you wish to edit. Enter the three-key sequence: ENTER, ALARM ACK, CHNG SP to access the setup menus. The first setup menu appears. NOTE! To prevent unauthorized personnel from accessing setup parameters, the controller reverts to Single Loop Display if you don’t press any keys for three minutes.
Page 262: Cls200 Series Menu Structure
Touch Key CLS200 Series Menu Structure SETUP LOOP SETUP LOOP SETUP LOOP SETUP LOOP SETUP GLOBAL MANUAL INPUT? CONTROL PARAMS? OUTPUTS? ALARMS? PARAMETERS I/O TEST LOAD SETUP HEAT HEAT CONTROL HI PROC INPUT TYPE? DIGITAL INPUTS FROM JOB? CONTROL PB? OUTPUT? ALARM SETPT? HEAT...
Page 263: Setup Global Parameters Menu
Touch Key Setup Global Parameters Menu The Setup Global Parameters menu looks like this: Below is the setup global parameters menu tree. Notice the default values: Parameter Default Value LOAD SETUP FROM JOB? SAVE SETUP TO JOB? NONE JOB SELECT DIG INPUTS? JOB SEL DIG INS ACTIVE? NONE OUTPUT OVERRIDE DIG INPUT?
Page 264: Save Setup To Job
Touch Key Load Setup From Job Use this menu to load any one of 8 jobs saved in battery backed RAM from the controller’s front panel. The following parameters are loaded as part of a job: • PID constants, filter settings, setpoints and spread values. •...
Page 265: Start-Up Alarm Delay
Touch Key Start-up Alarm Delay Use this menu to set a start-up delay for process and deviation alarms for all loops. The controller does not report these alarm conditions for the specified number of minutes after the controller powers up. This feature does not delay failed sensor alarms. Selectable values: 0-60 minutes.
Page 266: Process Power Dig In
Touch Key Process Power Dig In Use this menu to select one of the digital inputs for notifying the controller that the process power is on when a T/C short is detected. Select a single input (1 to 8). Selecting an input enables the shorted T/C detection.
Page 267: Communications Error Checking
Touch Key Communications Error Checking This menu appears only when you choose ANA or AB as your communications protocol. Use it to set the data check algorithm used in CLS200 communications to Block Check Character (BCC) or to Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). Selectable values: BCC or CRC.
Page 268: Digital Output Polarity
Touch Key Digital Output Polarity Use this menu to set the polarity of the digital outputs used for alarms. When the default, low, is selected and an alarm occurs, the output sinks to analog common. When set to high, the outputs sink to common when no alarm is active and go high when an alarm occurs. Selectable values: High or Low.
Page 269: Setup Loop Input
Touch Key Setup Loop Input The Setup Loop Input main menu lets you access menus which change parameters related to the loop input: • Input type • Input units • Input scaling and calibration • Input filtering The next section explains how to use the Input menus to configure your controller. Below is the setup inputs menu tree.
Page 270: Input Type
Touch Key Input Type Use this menu to configure the input sensor for each loop as one of these input types: • Thermocouple types (J, K, T, S, R, B and E). • RTD (CLS204 and CLS208). Two ranges: RTD1 (Platinum Class A) and RTD2 (Platinum Class B).
Page 271: Pulse Sample Time
Touch Key Pulse Sample Time You can connect a digital pulse signal of up to 2 KHz to the controller’s pulse input. In this menu, you specify the pulse sample period. Every sample period, the number of pulses the controller receives is divided by the sample time. The controller scales this number and uses it as the pulse loop’s process variable.
Page 272: Linear Scaling Menus
Touch Key Linear Scaling Menus The linear scaling menus appear under the Setup Loop Inputs main menu. It lets you scale the “raw” input readings (readings in millivolts or Hertz) to the engineering units of the process variable. NOTE! Linear scaling menus appear only if the loop’s input type is set to Linear (or, for some menus, to Pulse).
Page 273: Display Format
Touch Key The PV (Process Variable) range for the scaled input is between the PV values that correspond to the 0% and 100% input readings. For the pulse input, it is between the 0 Hz and 2000 Hz readings. This PV range defines the limits for the setpoint and alarms, as shown here.
Page 274: High Process Variable
Touch Key High Process Variable Use this menu to enter a high process value. The high process value and the high reading value together define one of the points on the linear scaling function’s conversion line. Set this menu to the value you want displayed when the signal is at the level set in the High Reading menu.
Page 275: Low Reading
Touch Key Low Reading Use this menu to enter the input signal level that corresponds to the low process value you selected in the previous menu. For linear inputs, the low reading is a percentage of the full scale input range; for pulse inputs, the low reading is expressed in Hz. The low reading is the signal level corresponding to the low PV in percent of full-scale.
Page 276: Setup Loop Control Parameters
Touch Key Setup Loop Control Parameters Use these menus to change control parameters for heat and cool outputs of the selected loop, including: • Proportional Band (PB or Gain), Integral (TI or Reset), and Derivative (TD or Rate) settings. • Output Filter.
Page 277: Heat Or Cool Control Pb
Touch Key Heat or Cool Control PB This menu allows you to set the Proportional Band (also known as Gain). Larger numbers entered for PB result in lesser proportional action for a given deviation. Selectable range: Dependent on sensor type. NOTE! The controller internally represents the proportional band (PB) as a gain value.
Page 278: Heat Or Cool Output Filter
Touch Key Heat or Cool Output Filter Use this menu to dampen the heat or cool output’s response. The output responds to a step change by going to approximately 2/3 of its final value within the number of scans you set here.
Page 279: Setup Loop Outputs
Touch Key Setup Loop Outputs Press YES at this prompt to access menus to change loop output parameters for the current loop, including: • Enable or disable outputs • Output type • Cycle time (for TP outputs) • SDAC parameters (for SDAC outputs) •...
Page 280: Enable/Disable Heat Or Cool Outputs
Touch Key Enable/Disable Heat or Cool Outputs On this menu you can enable or disable the heat or cool output for the current loop. If you want the loop to have a control output, you must enable at least one output. You can also disable a heat or cool control output and use the output pin for something else, such as an alarm.
Page 281: Heat Or Cool Cycle Time
Touch Key Heat or Cool Cycle Time From this menu you can set the Cycle Time for Time Proportioning outputs. NOTE! The Cycle Time menu only appears if the output type for the loop is Time Proportioning. Selectable range: 1-255 seconds. Heat or Cool Output Action Use this menu to select the control action for the current output.
Page 282: Heat Or Cool Output Limit Time
Touch Key Heat or Cool Output Limit Time Use this menu to set a time limit for the output limit. Selectable values: 1-999 seconds (1 seconds to over 16 minutes), or to CONT (continuous). Sensor Fail Heat or Cool Output When a sensor fail alarm occurs or when the output override digital input becomes active on a loop that is in automatic control, that loop goes to manual control at the percent power output you set here.
Page 283: Heat Or Cool Nonlinear Output Curve
Touch Key Heat or Cool Nonlinear Output Curve Use this menu to select one of two nonlinear output curves for nonlinear processes. Selectable values: Curve 1, Curve 2, or Linear. These curves are shown in the figure below. With 1 or 2 selected, a PID calculation results in a lower actual output level than the linear output requires.
Page 284: Setup Loop Alarms
Touch Key Setup Loop Alarms Press YES at the Setup Loop Alarms prompt to access menus which change alarm function parameters for the current loop. The main alarms menu looks like this: Below is the setup alarms menu tree. Low Deviation Setup Loop Alarms? Alarm Type? High Process...
Page 285: Global Alarm
Touch Key Global Alarm The global alarm occurs when a loop alarm set to Alarm (not Control) occurs and is unacknowledged, or when there are any unacknowledged failed sensor alarms. (If an alarm occurs, the front panel displays the corresponding alarm code.) Even if the alarm condition goes away, the global alarm stays on until you use the front panel Alarm Ack key (or software) to acknowledge it.
Page 286 Touch Key When the controller powers up or the setpoint changes, deviation alarms do not activate until the process variable comes within the deviation alarm band, preventing deviation alarms during a cold start. (High and low process alarms are enabled unless delayed by the startup alarm delay.) High Process Alarm On High Process Alarm Off...
Page 287: High Process Alarm Setpoint
Touch Key High Process Alarm Setpoint Use this menu to select the value at which the high process alarm activates. The high process alarm activates when the process variable (PV) goes above the high process setpoint. The PV must drop to the alarm setpoint minus the alarm deadband for the alarm to clear. Selectable range: Any point within the scaled sensor range.
Page 288: Deviation Band Value
Touch Key Deviation Band Value Use this menu to set the deviation band width, a positive and negative alarm or control point relative to the setpoint. If the loop setpoint changes, the deviation band moves with it. You can assign a separate digital output to the high and low deviation alarm/control setpoints, so that, for example, a high deviation alarm turns on a fan and a low deviation alarm turns on a heater.
Page 289: Low Deviation Alarm Output Number
Touch Key Low Deviation Alarm Output Number Use this menu to assign a digital output that activates when the loop is in low deviation alarm. NOTE! If you assign more than one alarm to the same output number, that output will be ON if any of those alarms is ON.
Page 290: Alarm Deadband
Touch Key Alarm Deadband Use this menu to set an alarm deadband. This deadband value applies to the high process, low process, high deviation, an low deviation alarms for the loop you are editing. Use the Alarm Deadband to avoid repeated alarms as the PV cycles slightly around an alarm value. Selectable values: 0-255, 25.5, 2.55, .255, or .0255, depending on the display format set on the input menu.
Page 291: Manual I/O Test
Touch Key Manual I/O Test Press YES at this prompt to see menus which can help you test the digital inputs, digital outputs and the controller’s keypad. Below is the manual I/O menu tree. Manual I/O Test? Digital Inputs? Test Digital Output? 34 Digital Output Number 34? Off Keypad Test...
Page 292: Test Digital Output
Touch Key Test Digital Output Use this menu to select one of the digital alarm outputs to test in the next menu. You cannot force the state of an output enabled for control. Selectable values: 1-34 (except outputs enabled for control). Toggle Digital Output Use this menu to manually toggle a digital output On or Off to test it.
Page 293: Pid Tuning And Control
Touch Key PID Tuning and Control This chapter describes the different methods of control available with the controller. This section covers: • On/Off Control • Proportional Control • Proportional and Integral Control • PID Control • Control Outputs • Tuning PID Loops •...
Page 294: Introduction
Touch Key Introduction This chapter explains PID control and supplies some starting PID values and tuning instructions, so you can use control parameters appropriate for your system. If you would like more information on PID control, consult the Watlow Anafaze Practical Guide to PID. The control mode dictates how the controller responds to an input signal.
Page 295: Control Modes
Touch Key Control Modes The next sections explain the different methods you can use to control a loop. On/Off Control On/Off control is the simplest way to control a process; a controller using On/Off control turns an output on or off when the process variable reaches certain limits around the desired setpoint.
Page 296: Proportional And Integral Control
Touch Key Proportional and Integral Control In proportional and integral control, the integral term (reset) corrects for offset by repeating the proportional band’s error correction until there is no error. For example, if a process tends to settle about 5°F below the setpoint, integral control brings it to the desired setting by increasing the output.
Page 297 Touch Key Time Proportioning (TP) With time proportioning outputs, the PID algorithm calculates an output between 0 and 100%, which is represented by turning on an output for that percent of a fixed user-selected time base or cycle time. The cycle time is the time over which the output is proportioned, and it can be any value from 1 to 255 seconds.
Page 298: Reverse And Direct Action
Touch Key Output Digital Filter The output filter digitally smooths PID control output signals. It has a range of 0-255 scans, which gives a time constant of 0-170 seconds for a CLS216. Use the output filter if you need to filter out erratic output swings due to extremely sensitive input signals, like a turbine flow signal or an open air thermocouple in a dry air gas over.
Page 299: Setting Up And Tuning Pid Loops
Touch Key Setting Up and Tuning PID Loops After you have installed your control system, tune each control loop and then set the loop to automatic control. (When you tune a loop, you choose PID parameters that will best control the process.) If you don’t mind minor process fluctuations, you can tune the loop in automatic control mode.
Page 300: Troubleshooting And Maintenance
Touch Key Troubleshooting & Maintenance v1.2 d092415...
Page 301: Key Reset
Touch Key No-Key Reset You want to clear all programmed data in a controller by performing a no-key reset. This will return the controller to all its default settings. To perform a no-key reset: 1. Turn off the power to the unit. 2.
Page 302: Changing The Firmware
Touch Key Changing The Firmware Changing the firmware involves minor mechanical disassembly and reassembly of the controller. You don’t need any soldering or electrical expertise, but appropriate precautions should be taken to prevent damage to electronic components by electrostatic discharge. Wear a grounding strap and place components on static-free grounded surfaces only.
Page 303 Touch Key 5. Carefully lift the analog board off the processor board and set it aside in a static-free area. 6. Use a PROM remover or insert a small flat head screwdriver into one of the notches and gently pry the firmware PROM out of the socket. 7.
Page 304: Appendix A: Ramp Soak
Touch Key Appendix: Ramp Soak This appendix covers setup and operation of Ramp/Soak profiles in CLS200 series controllers. The Ramp/Soak feature turns your controller into a powerful and flexible batch controller. Ramp/Soak lets you program the controller to change a process setpoint in a preset pattern over time.
Page 305: Ramp/Soak Features
Touch Key Ramp/Soak Features • User-configurable time base: Watlow Anafaze’s Ramp/Soak lets you set your profiles to run for hours and minutes or for minutes and seconds - Whichever is appropriate for your installation. • Repeatable profiles: You can set any profile to repeat from 1 to 99 times or continuously. •...
Page 306: Configuring Ramp/Soak
Touch Key Configuring Ramp/Soak This section will teach you how to setup R/S profiles. The following diagram show the R/S configuration menu tree. Setup R/S profiles? Edit R/S profile? Copy Setup from profile? Tolerance alarm time? Ready segment setpoint? Ready segment Ready event edit events? output XX...
Page 307: Setting The R/S Time Base
Touch Key Setting the R/S Time Base The R/S time base menu is in the Setup Globals main menu. Use this menu to set the time base in all your R/S profiles. Selectable values: Hours/Mins or Mins/Secs. Editing R/S Parameters You can reach the rest of the menus in this section from the Setup Ramp/Soak profile main menu.
Page 308: Editing The Tolerance Alarm Time
Touch Key Editing the Tolerance Alarm Time Use this menu to set a tolerance time that applies to the entire profile. When the segment goes out of tolerance, • The segment goes into tolerance hold. • The segment timer holds. •...
Page 309: Editing The Ready Event States
Touch Key Editing the Ready Event States Use this menu to set the ready state for all outputs that are not used for control or for the SDAC clock. When you assign a profile, the controller starts the ready segment: it goes to the ready setpoint and puts all the outputs in the ready state you set here.
Page 310: Setting Segment Time
Touch Key Setting Segment Time Use this menu to change the segment time. Selectable values: 000:00 to 999:59 (minutes or seconds, depending on the selected time base). Setting a Segment Setpoint Use this menu to set a setpoint for the segment you are editing. The process will go to this setpoint by the end of the segment time.
Page 311: Changing Event States
Touch Key Changing Event States Use this menu to assign an output state to each event: On (Low) or Off (High). When the event occurs, the output goes to the state you assign here. Selectable values: Off (High) or On (Low). Editing Segment Triggers Each segment may have up to two triggers (digital inputs).
Page 312: Changing A Trigger's True State
Touch Key Changing a Trigger’s True State Use this menu to set the state, ON or OFF, that will satisfy the trigger condition. This menu appears only if you answered YES to the Edit Segment triggers menu. • A trigger input is ON when pulled low by an external device. •...
Page 313: Setting Segment Tolerance
Touch Key Setting Segment Tolerance Use this menu to set a positive or negative tolerance value for each segment, this value is displayed in the engineering units of the process and is a deviation from the setpoint. Tolerance works as shown in this diagram: PV within tolerance PV out of tolerance Setpoint...
Page 314: Using Ramp/Soak
Touch Key Using Ramp/Soak This section explains how to assign a profile to a loop, how to put a profile in Run or Hold mode, how to reset a profile, and how to display profile statistics. The next figure shows the Ramp/Soak key menus. Press R/S Key If profile is already Assign Ramp/Soak...
Page 315: Assigning A Profile To A Loop
Touch Key Assigning a Profile to a Loop Use this menu to assign a profile to a loop. Assigning a Profile to a Loop To assign a profile to a loop that doesn’t have a profile currently assigned: 1. In Single Loop display, switch to the loop you want to assign a profile to. 2.
Page 316: Assigning A Profile To A Linear Input Loop
Touch Key Assigning a Profile to a Linear Input Loop If you assign a profile to a loop with a linear input, these variables will depend on the display format setting you chose for linear input: • Ready setpoint. • Segment setpoint. •...
Page 317: Running A Profile
Touch Key Running a Profile When you assign a profile, it does not start running immediately; instead, the loop is in the Start mode and the Ready segment (segment 0). Use this menu to start a profile (put it in Run mode).
Page 318: Ramp/Soak Displays
Touch Key Ramp/Soak Displays The Single Loop and Bar Graph displays show additional codes for R/S controllers. Single Loop Display When the controller is running a profile, the Single Loop display shows the Ramp/Soak mode where it would usually show MAN or AUTO. The next table shows the available codes and their meaning.
Page 319 Touch Key RAMP/SOAK Key Displays Use the RAMP/SOAK key to see the time left in the current profile, the profile’s status, or the number of times the profile has cycled. All the menus you can reach from the RAMP/SOAK key have the same information on the top line.
Page 320: Holding A Profile Or Continuing From Hold
Touch Key Holding a Profile or Continuing from Hold Use the profile mode menu to hold a profile or continue from Hold. The next table shows the available modes. Current Available Description Mode Mode Start Begin running the assigned profile. Hold Cont Continue from user-selected hold.
Page 321: Resetting A Profile
Touch Key Resetting a Profile Use this menu to reset a profile. When you reset a profile, the following happens: • The profile returns to the ready segment. The PV goes to the ready setpoint, and the ready segment events go to the state you specified in the Edit Ready Event State menu. •...
Page 322: Glossary
Glossary Touch Key Ambient Temperature: The temperature of the air or other medium that surrounds the components of a thermal See Alternating Current. system. AC Line Frequency: American Wire Gauge (AWG): The frequency of the AC power line measured A standard of the dimensional characteristics Hertz (Hz), usually 50 or 60 Hz.
Page 323 Touch Key Bumpless Transfer: Control Action: A smooth transition from Auto (closed loop) to The response of the control output relative to Manual (open loop) operation. The control the error between the process variable and output does not change during the transfer. the setpoint.
Page 324 Touch Key Derivative Control (D): The last term in the PID algorithm. Action that Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): anticipates the rate of change of the process; Electrical and magnetic noise imposed on a and compensates to minimize overshoot and system. There are many possible sources, undershoot.
Page 325 Touch Key Filter: Filters are used to handle various electrical Hertz (Hz): noise problems. Unit of frequency, equal to cycles per second. Digital Filter (DF) - A filter that slows the High Deviation Alarm: response of a system when inputs change Warns that the process is above setpoint.
Page 326 Touch Key Integral Control (I): Low Deviation Alarm: Control action that automatically eliminates Warns that the process is below the setpoint. offset, or droop, between setpoint and actual process temperature. Low Process Alarm: See Auto-reset. Warns that the process has exceeded a set minimum value.
Page 327 Touch Key PID: Proportional, Integral, Derivative. A control Offset: mode with three functions: Proportional action The difference in temperature between the dampens the system response, Integral setpoint and the actual process temperature. corrects for droops, and Derivative prevents Offset is the error in the process variable that overshoot and undershoot.
Page 328 Touch Key Range: Reverse Action: The area between two limits in which a An output control action in which an increase quantity or value is measured. It is usually in the process variable causes a decrease in described in terms of lower and upper limits. the output.
Page 329 Touch Key Solid State Relay (SSR): See Relay, Solid State. Transmitter: Span: A device that transmits temperature data from The difference between the lower and upper either a thermocouple or RTD by way of two- limits of a range expressed in the same units wire loop.
Page 330 Tuning TUNING version 1.2 September 2015 This chapter consists of pages copied directly from two other manuals on the subject of “tuning”. On the surface, tuning is a simple concept. It means adjusting the control to be efficient and tight. It is a perfect tune if the control process involves no overshoot, no undershoot, and no oscillation.
Page 331 Tuning Contents 1.0 PID CONTROL 1.1 BASIC ELEMENTS OF PID CONTROL SYSTEMS 1.2 CONTROL MODES 1.3 PROPORTIONAL 1.4 INTEGRAL 1.5 DERIVATIVE 1.6 ANAFAZE OUTPUT FILTER 2.0 CONTROL OUTPUTS 2.1 RELAY OUTPUT 2.2 ANAFAZE DISTRIBUTIVE ZERO CROSSING 2.3 ANALOG OUTPUTS 2.4 REVERSE-DIRECT ACTION 2.5 HEAT/COOL DUAL OUTPUTS 3.0 ANALOGY OF PID CONTROL TERMINOLOGY 4.0 TUNING PID CONSTANTS...
Page 332: Pid Control
Tuning 1.0 PID CONTROL In the industrial control field there are many written explanations of PID control and yet, after reading the theory, many users are still mystified. What is PID and how do you tune it? Why do I need PID? These are some of the questions that are asked over and over again.
Page 333 Tuning The MANIPULATED VARIABLE ELEMENT is the energy of the process such as Steam, Natural Gas, etc... needed by the process for the Process Variable to reach Setpoint. The control loop may be open or closed loop. The open loop utilizes no feedback from the process, so the control output from the CONTROLLER ELEMENT is preset to some output to produce a desired effect.
Page 334: Control Modes
Tuning 1.2 CONTROL MODES The control mode is the form of control function, not to be confused with the type of control output signal. Sometimes, the two are confused as often the mode of control can be a determining factor as to the output type and vice versa. ON/OFF CONTROL The simplest way to control PROCESS VARIABLE (PV), otherwise known as process temperature on an over type process to a desired temperature, also known as SETPOINT...
Page 335: Proportional
Tuning 1.3 PROPORTIONAL PROPORTIONAL is also known as GAIN. The gain of the controller element is the amount of input change required to obtain 100% change in the output of the controller. Maximum gain of one or unity minus the deadband is the highest gain possible. Since cycling of the PV can be the result of high gain, reducing the gain is one way to reduce cycling of the PV.
Page 336: Integral
Tuning 1.4 INTEGRAL The integral mode is also know as RESET. Reset is the older of the two terms and is more descriptive of the control action that actually takes place. What is Reset and why is it needed? When the PV is lined out at a point above or below the SP, the deviation from the SP is known as OFFSET.
Page 337 Tuning If, AUTOMATIC RESET is .5 R/M and assuming the last PB response was 10%, with the output at 50% needing to go to 100%, after the first minute, the output will be at 55%. After the second minute, it will be at 60%. After the third minute, it will be at 65% and so on until the output is at 100%.
Page 338: Derivative
Tuning 1.5 DERIVATIVE The Derivative mode is also known as RATE or ANTICIPATING or APPROACH. The RATE is the more common term used. The function of RATE is to prevent the overshoot or undershoot of PV with respect to the SP. It does this by slowing the rate of approach of the PV to the SP.
Page 339: Control Outputs
Tuning 2.0 CONTROL OUTPUTS 2.1 RELAY OUTPUT Relay outputs have two types of operation and two forms that must be considered. The one type of operation is ON/OFF and the other is TIME PROPORTIONING. The form of the relay may be ELECTROMECHANICAL or SOLID STATE. The SOLID STATE RELAY is known as an SSR and will be referred to as such.
Page 340: Anafaze Distributive Zero Crossing
Tuning 2.2 ANAFAZE DISTRIBUTIVE ZERO CROSSING The DISTRIBUTIVE ZERO CROSSING (DZC) output is one of the options available with the ANAFAZE controller. This output is primarily for very fast acting electrical heating loads using SSR. The open air heater coil is an example of a fast acting load. It should never be used with electromechanical relays.
Page 341: Reverse-Direct Action
Tuning 2.4 REVERSE-DIRECT ACTION The ACTION of the control OUTPUT with RESPECT to the PV is known as REVERSE ACTION, if the OUTPUT INCREASES as the PV DECREASES. If the OUTPUT INCREASES as the PV INCREASES, then it is known at DIRECT ACTION. Heating applications normally use REVERSE ACTION and Cooling applications normally will use DIRECT ACTION.
Page 342: Analogy Of Pid Control Terminology
Tuning 3.0 ANALOGY OF PID CONTROL TERMINOLOGY The terminology of PID may be confusing to technical, as well as non-technical individuals, who have a need to have some understanding of PID control, due to work requirements. The comparing of an unknown to the known has been a relative easy way to explain a difficult subject for many years.
Page 343 Tuning The little ole lady now was very close to home and had turned off the highway she was on. A couple of blocks in front of her, she could see the traffic light was green. As she was watching, the light turned yellow and then went to red. Upon seeing the light turn yellow, she took her foot off the gas pedal, because she had anticipated that she was going to stop, as the light was soon to be red.
Page 344: Tuning Pid Constants
Tuning 4.0 TUNING PID CONSTANTS The tuning of 1, 2, and 3-mode PID control loops, is in truth, a relative simple matter. The amount of change of the controller output, controlling the final control element, with respect to a change of the input process variable (PV) is the key. The technique for tuning is done in steps of order: PB, TI, and TD.
Page 345 Tuning The general range of change in the output as a change of the input, is 1-5% change per degree, in a temperature control system. There are processes requiring other than the 1- 5% change, but this range will handle most temperature control systems. To obtain the PB for a given change in the output divide the output range of 100% by the degrees of the PB.
Page 346: Integral
Tuning 4.2 INTEGRAL Temperature is a function of time as well as a give BTU input with a given loss of BTU. No process is dependent on BTU only. The time constant of a process may be short or long depending on the physical characteristics of the process. The control mode that uses the time element as a control function is the RESET or INTEGRAL mode.
Page 347 Tuning The general rule of setting the TI, is the faster the process, the lower the TI and the slower the process, the higher the TI. A process that will come to a new control point after a step change in 20 minutes is considered fast. After 1 hour, it is considered slow. Settings below 60 seconds are considered fast, with settings above 240 seconds are considered to be slow.
Page 348: Derivative
Tuning 4.3 DERIVATIVE With proper setting of the PI and depending on the process characteristics, the PV will overshoot the SP, which is considered normal control characteristics of PI or Two-Mode control. This overshoot is known as a Quarter Wave Decay. The overshoot may not be a problem in most processes, but if it is of concern, then the D of the PID comes into play, known as the DERIVATIVE or RATE mode.
Page 349: Pid Constants For The Anafaze Systems
Tuning 4.4 PID CONSTANTS FOR THE ANAFAZE SYSTEMS Useful Ranges Nominal Setting 40 Degrees PB 10 to 200 Degrees 60 Seconds TI 30 to 600 Seconds (2 to .1 R/M) OFF or 10 TD 3 to 60 Seconds (.05 to 1 RM) Digital Filter 0 to 25 The PID control is a composite of three modes of control using gain, time and variable gain.
Page 350 Tuning ANAFAZE STANDARD SET VALUES FOR PID LOOPS PROPORTIONAL BAND ONLY (P) PB = Set 7% of SP Example: SP = 450 PB = 31 TI = OFF TD = OFF Output Filter = 0 P with INTEGRAL (PI) PB = Set 10% of SP Example: SP = 450 PB = 45 TI = 60...
Page 351: Pid Tuning Constants
Tuning 5.0 PID TUNING CONSTANTS PROPORTIONAL BAND SETTINGS THE FOLLOWING TABLE REPRESENTS AN AVERAGE SETTING FOR THE PB IN RELATIONSHIP TO THE SETPOINT OF THE CONTROLLER WITH A TEMPERATURE INPUT: TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE SETPOINT SETPOINT -100 TO +100 1600 TO 1699 +100 TO +199 1700 TO 1799 200 TO 299...
Page 352 Tuning INTEGRAL (TI) VERSUS RESET REPEATS/MINUTE (R/M) RESET R/M = 60/TI (SEC.) (SEC.) (SEC.) As a general rule use 60, 120, 180, or 240 for TI. DERIVATIVE (TD) VERSUS RATE MINUTES (RM) RATE = TD/60 (SEC.) (SEC.) (SEC.) As a general rule set TD to be 15% of TI. v1.2 d092415...
Page 353: Tuning Pid Loops
Tuning 6.0 TUNING PID LOOPS The control loop to be tuned should be placed in auto after tuning. If the loop is in auto and controlling, to avoid upsetting the process, place the control in manual. After the loop is placed in manual, the PID values may be changed without upsetting the output.
Page 354: Proportional With Integral Control
Tuning 6.2 PROPORTIONAL WITH INTEGRAL CONTROL The Two-mode PI is the most common of the control modes in use in the industry. It must be tuned by tuning the PB first and then the TI may be tuned. Many times preset values may be used to shorten the time required for tuning.
Page 355: Proportional W/Integral & Derivative Control
Tuning 6.3 PROPORTIONAL W/INTEGRAL & DERIVATIVE CONTROL The Three-mode PID control is used primarily when overshoot of the PV cannot be tolerated as in the Quarter Wave Decay response of two-mode PI control. The PI must be tuned first before attempting to tune the Derivative mode. Initial setting of the PB may be selected from the PID TUNING CONSTANTS Table.
Page 356: Output Digital Filter
Tuning 6.4 OUTPUT DIGITAL FILTER There is no tuning step for the Output Filter. Adjusting the PID without the Filter (set at 0) will give the fastest output response to a step change. The Filter may be turned on at any time.
Page 357: Plot Examples
Tuning 7.0 Plot Examples ANASOFT Plot B: 1/4 Wave Decay Plot B represents what is known as Quarter Wave Decay. The correct setting of PI will give overshoot. When the PI is correct the return to SP upon a step change will decay in what is known as Quarter Wave Decay.
Page 358 Tuning ANASOFT Plot C: Correct PI Constants Plot C represents the correct setting of the Proportional Band and the Integral. Note that with the overshoot, the return to the new SP is with the minimum number of cycles of the PV. The PB = 20 and the TI = 60.
Page 359 Tuning ANASOFT Plot D: PB Too Narrow - Number Too Low Plot D represents what happens to the PV when the PB is too narrow for the SP. The PV will overshoot upon a SP step change and then continue to cycle about the SP. Note the slow reduction of the PV to the SP.
Page 360 Tuning ANASOFT Plot E: PB Too Wide - Number Too High Plot E represents what happens to the PV when the PB is too wide for the SP. The PV will take a very long time to reach SP, if it ever reaches it. The response to a step change of the SP or change in the PV will be too small to allow the control output to effect the necessary change in the final controller element.
Page 361 Tuning ANASOFT Plot F: PB Too Narrow Plot F represents the continued cycling of the PV around the SP. This may be due to the type of control. The output may be ON/OFF and cycling is characteristic of ON/OFF control. Proportional control operating in this manner would indicated that the PB is too narrow.
Page 362 Tuning ANASOFT Plot G: Integral Too Fast - Number Too Low Plot G represents what happens to the PV when the Integral is too fast for the process. Upon a step change, the PV will overshoot and then continue to cycle around the SP for a longer period of time than a Quarter Wave Decay (Plot B).
Page 363 Tuning ANASOFT Plot H: Integral Too Slow - Number Too High Plot H represents what happens to the PC when the Integral is too slow for the process. Upon a step change, the PV will overshoot the SP, and upon going below the SP, will require a very long time to reach SP.
Page 364 Tuning ANASOFT Plot I: Integral Too Fast Plot I represents what happens to the PV when the Integral is too fast for the process. The PV will cycle around the SP. TI settings of less than 30 will cause this type of response in most processes.
Page 365 Tuning ANASOFT Plot J: Integral Too Fast - PB Too Narrow Plot J represents the different type of cycling between too fast Integral and too narrow PB. Note the Integral cycling not only has a longer time period than the PB cycling, but the amplitude is higher than the PB cycling.
Page 366 Tuning ANASOFT Plot K: Correct PB and TI Values Plot K represents the 1/4 Wave overshoot of P and I only mode of control. The Derivative is turned off. PB = 20 and TI = 60. ANASOFT GRAPHIC PLOT K Lp1 09:26 09:29 09:32...
Page 367 Tuning ANASOFT Plot L: Overshoot - Derivative Too Low Plot L represents the response of too small of a TD setting. The PV still overshot the SP. TD = 1. ANASOFT GRAPHIC PLOT L Lp2 17:17 17:20 17:23 17:26 17:29 17:32 17:35 TIME (HH:MM)
Page 368 Tuning ANASOFT Plot M: Undershoot - Derivative Too High Plot M represents the response of the PV to a setting of too high of a TD. Note the undershoot of the PV and then the resumption of the PV going to the SP. TD = 20. ANASOFT GRAPHIC PLOT M Lp1 15:03 15:06...
Page 369 Tuning ANASOFT Plot N: Correct PID Values Plot N represents the response of the PV with a step change of the SP. This is the type of response when the PID is set correctly. PB = 20, TI = 60, and TD = 6. ANASOFT GRAPHIC PLOT N Lp1 12:57 13:03...
Page 370: One Year Warranty
This warranty does not cover consumables. GENERAL CONDITIONS OF WARRANTY This warranty shall be void if apparatus, in the judgment of BioSpherix, has been subject to misuse, negligence, chemical action, accident or operated contrary to those operating procedures recommended by BioSpherix, or if the serial number and/or trademarks have been altered, defaced or removed.

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