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Diamond Systems SATURN SAT-E3950-4GA Manual

Pcie/104 expandable rugged single board computer with intel “apollo lake” e3950 processor
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SATURN
PCIe/104 Expandable Rugged Single Board Computer
with Intel "Apollo Lake" E3950 Processor
FOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Copyright 2021-2024
PLEASE CONTACT:
Diamond Systems Corporation
www.diamondsystems.com
support@diamondsystems.com
Saturn User Manual V1.2
www.diamondsystems.com
Page 1

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Summary of Contents for Diamond Systems SATURN SAT-E3950-4GA

  • Page 1 SATURN PCIe/104 Expandable Rugged Single Board Computer with Intel “Apollo Lake” E3950 Processor FOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT Copyright 2021-2024 PLEASE CONTACT: Diamond Systems Corporation www.diamondsystems.com support@diamondsystems.com Saturn User Manual V1.2 www.diamondsystems.com Page 1...
  • Page 2 CONTENTS Important Safe Handling Information ....................... 5 Introduction ............................. 7 Models ................................7 Features ................................ 8 Operating System Support ........................... 8 Mechanical, Electrical, Environmental ......................8 Functional Overview ..........................9 Block Diagram ............................... 9 Feature Descriptions ..........................10 3.2.1 Processor and Chipset ........................10 3.2.2 Memory .............................
  • Page 3 6.1.19 M.2 SATA Socket (J19) ........................29 6.1.20 PCIe/104 (J1) ............................30 List of Connectors ............................31 I/O Cables ............................... 32 Jumper Description ..........................33 LVDS Backlight and LVDS VDD (JP1) ......................34 Digital IO and Address (JP2) ........................34 Serial Port Configuration (JP3) ........................
  • Page 4 18 Pulse Width Modulation ......................... 58 19 Watchdog Timer ............................. 59 20 Heat Spreader and Mounting Drawing ....................60 21 Specifications ............................62 Saturn User Manual V1.02 www.diamondsystems.com Page 4...
  • Page 5 This creates many opportunities for accidental damage during handling, installation and connection to other equipment. The list here describes common causes of failure found on boards returned to Diamond Systems for repair. This information is provided as a source of advice to help you prevent damaging your Diamond (or any vendor’s) embedded computer boards.
  • Page 6 Overvoltage on analog input – If a voltage applied to an analog input exceeds the design specification of the board, the input multiplexor and/or parts behind it can be damaged. Most of our boards will withstand an erroneous connection of up to ±35V on the analog inputs, even when the board is powered off, but not all boards, and not in all conditions.
  • Page 7 2 INTRODUCTION SATURN is a 4.5” x 4.0” PCIe/104-expandable SBC based on Intel Apollo lake x7-E3950 processor with a PassMark™ rating of approximately 2100. It features 4GB Non-ECC / 8GB ECC DDR3L memory soldered on board, conduction cooling, Minicard socket, M.2 socket, two Gigabit Ethernets, multiple simultaneous display support, and -40 to +85C operation.
  • Page 8 Features ♦ Processor “Apollo Lake” x7-3950, Quad Core, 1.6GHz, 12W TDP ♦ Memory On board 8GB DDR3L ECC (optional) / 4GB non-ECC (standard) ♦ Ethernet 1 10/100/100 Mbps direct from processor using I210 PHY 1 10/100/1000 Mbps from 1:4 PCIe switch using I210 PHY ♦...
  • Page 9 3 FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW Block Diagram Saturn User Manual V1.02 www.diamondsystems.com Page 9...
  • Page 10 Feature Descriptions This section describes the key subsystems of the Saturn SBC. 3.2.1 Processor and Chipset Saturn SBC is based on Intel Atom processor x7-E3950 (“formerly known as Apollo Lake”). It is a quad core, 64-bit processor with a maximum frequency of 1.6GHz. 3.2.2 Memory The design employs DDR3L memory down configuration with ECC.
  • Page 11 If an LTE modem needs to be used, please select a module with a SIM socket. Saturn provides 2 M2 4.55mm spacers and M2 screws to secure the installed minicard onto the board. Refer the below link for Minicard modules available from Diamond systems. http://www.diamondsystems.com/products/minicards.php 3.2.8...
  • Page 12 3.2.10 Data Acquisition Saturn models ending in “A” include a high-quality data acquisition subcircuit containing analog input, analog output, and digital I/O features. This circuit is controlled by an FPGA attached to the processor via the LPC bus. Features of the DAQ subcircuit include: 16 single-ended / 8 differential analog inputs with 16-bit resolution, programmable input ranges, and 250KSPS maximum throughput;...
  • Page 13 PCIe/104 I/O boards providing a wide variety of I/O capabilities are available from many manufacturers around the world. Refer to the below link for example PCIe/104 based modules from Diamond Systems: Quad/Octal serial port modules with / without opto-isolation: http://www.diamondsystems.com/products/emeraldmm8el...
  • Page 14 3.2.16 LED Indicators The board provides the following LED indicators. All LEDs are located near to a board edge or their respective features. The blue LED is located along the lower edge of the board. All LEDs are labeled in silkscreen with their function.
  • Page 15 3.2.18 Power Supply Saturn requires only +5VDC input voltage as per the PCIe/104 Specification. An auxiliary +12VDC input pin is provided on the input power connector to feed the LCD backlight power connector on the board. This 12V is not used anywhere else on the board.
  • Page 16 Rugged Design Saturn is designed from the ground up with a comprehensive set of features to meet the challenges of rugged environments and applications: ♦ Memory is soldered down to avoid problems that can occur with commercial style SODIMM type memory modules ♦...
  • Page 17 4 BOARD MECHANICAL DRAWING Below is a mechanical drawing of the Saturn PCB. Dimensions are in inches and [mm]. Connector dimensions indicate the center of the pad for pin 1. The 4 highlighted mounting holes toward the board corners are the standard PC104 mounting holes and are used to mount the board onto the heat spreader shown in the following page.
  • Page 18 The drawing below shows the Saturn heat spreader, viewed from the top side (as if looking through the board). The Saturn PCB assembly is fixed to the heat spreader via the 4 #4-40 standard PC104 mounting holes shown in the drawing. Saturn User Manual V1.02 www.diamondsystems.com Page 18...
  • Page 19 A bottom view of the Saturn board with heat spreader is shown below. An opening is provided for easy access to the CR2032 RTC backup battery if replacement is needed. (The battery is normally installed in the as-shipped configuration.) The photo shows the integrated thermal pads providing enhanced thermal connection to the enclosure surface.
  • Page 20 5 I/O CONNECTOR LIST Connector Function Connector Function PCIe/104 OneBank expansion Utility LVDS LCD GbE Ethernet1 HDMI2 GbE Ethernet2 HDMI1 USB3 Port1 Audio USB3 Port2 SATA Standard Digital I/O External Battery Analog I/O Power In M.2 M-Key Sata 2242 Serial Ports 1-2 Minicard Socket USB2 Port x2 FPGA JTAG...
  • Page 21 Mating Cable: DSC no. 6980512 The following diagram depicts the Front View of the Power Connectors. Note that this pinout convention used by Diamond Systems is different than what is shown on the Samtec datasheet. Mating Side View of Power Connector 6.1.2...
  • Page 22 6.1.3 Serial Ports (J9) Serial ports 1 and 2 are provided on a connector which can be configurable for RS-232, RS-422, or RS-485 modes. The pinouts of the connector are as below: RS-232 RTS1 CTS1 RTS2 CTS2 RS-422 TX1+ TX1- RX1+ RX1- TX2+...
  • Page 23 6.1.5 Utility (J12) The utility connector provides access to power button, reset signal, I2C port, Serial Port. It provides fused 3.3V and 5V power that can be used for powering customer auxiliary circuitry. The pinout of the Utility connector is below: RS232 TXD I2C Clock RS232 RXD...
  • Page 24 6.1.8 USB 3.0 Port (J15, J16) The USB3.0 connector provides access to USB 3.0/USB2.0 ports on two identical connectors. The pinouts of one of these connectors is as below: USB1 SSRX- Shield USB1 SSRX+ USB1 Pwr- USB1 Pwr- USB1 Data+ USB1 SSTX- USB1 Data- USB1 SSTX+...
  • Page 25 6.1.11 HDMI (J3, J4) The board provides access to two HDMI ports on two identical connectors. The pinout is shown below: Data 2+ Data 2- Data 1+ Data 1- Data 0+ Data 0- Clock+ Ground Clock- CEC (NC) Reserved DDC Clock DDC Data Hot Plug Detect Chassis ground...
  • Page 26 6.1.12 LVDS LCD (J2) LVDS LCD display is available on a 30-pin connector. VDD 5V/3.3V VDD 5V/3.3V VDD 5V/3.3V VDD 5V/3.3V CLK+ Odd CLK+ Even CLK- Odd CLK-Even Ground Ground D0+ Odd D0+ Even D0- Odd D0- Even D1+ Odd D1+ Even D1- Odd D1- Even...
  • Page 27 6.1.14 Analog I/O (J18) The VIO pins on the analog and digital I/O connectors are tied together on the board and provide access to jumper- selectable 3.3V / 5V system voltage rail through a polyswitch resettable fuse. The fuse is rated for ~100mA maximum sustained current.
  • Page 28 6.1.17 MiniCard Socket (J20) The board provides access to PCIe mini card interface via Mini card socket. For the connector shown below, all TX/RX signals are with respect to the host. TX on the socket drives RX on the installed module, and RX on the socket is driven by TX on the installed module.
  • Page 29 6.1.19 M.2 SATA Socket (J19) The board provides mass storage support via an M.2 socket that supports SATA modules of size 2242. For the pinouts shown, all TX/RX signals are with respect to the host. TX on the socket drives RX on the installed module, and RX on the socket is driven by TX on the installed module.
  • Page 30 6.1.20 PCIe/104 (J1) The board provides expansion to PCIe/104 via a One-Bank connector. The connector provides access to four x1 PCIe lanes, two USB2.0s, ATX power & control signals, +3.3V & +5V power rails and SMBus interfaces. The pinout of the connector is shown below: USB-OC# PCIe Reset# +3.3V...
  • Page 31 List of Connectors The following table provides a summary of all I/O connectors on the board. Function Manufacturer Part no. Description Mating part Mating Cable Power in Samtec ASP-194529-01 2x4 box header T/H Right IPD1-04-D-K 6980512 angle .1” pitch External Molex 22-05-7025 2 pos.
  • Page 32 7 I/O CABLES Photo No: Cable Part No Description Saturn Connector 6980512 Power in 6980524 External Battery 6980601 Serial Port 6980602 USB2.0 6980603 USB3.0 J15, J16 6980604 Ethernet J13, J14 6980605 HDMI J3, J4 6980608 Audio 6989101 SATA 6980517 Digital I/O 6980518 Analog I/O 6980609...
  • Page 33 8 JUMPER DESCRIPTION The following drawing shows only the connectors and jumper blocks on the board. The default jumper positions are shown in blue. Default Jumper locations Jumper Description LVDS LCD VCC and Backlight DIO PU/PD, Voltage, Address Serial Port protocol and termination Saturn User Manual V1.2 www.diamondsystems.com Page 33...
  • Page 34 LVDS Backlight and LVDS VDD (JP1) Jumper block JP1 configures the voltage supply for the LCD backlight and LVDS VDD. By default, LVDS backlight is provided with +12V and the LVDS VDD is provided with 3.3V. Position Function LCD Backlight Voltage 12V* LCD Backlight Voltage LCD VDD Voltage...
  • Page 35 Serial Port Configuration (JP3) Jumper block JP3 configures Serial Port1-2 protocol and termination select during RS422/485 mode. By default, Serial ports are set to Internal loopback mode and terminations are disabled. The protocol selection is superseded by DAQ software settings. Position Function Ser Port1-2 Mode select1...
  • Page 36 9 BIOS KEY FEATURES The BIOS on Saturn provides access to many valuable features. These instructions show how to enter the BIOS and set up features. Entering the BIOS The BIOS may be entered during startup by repeatedly pressing the ESC key on an attached keyboard during the booting process.
  • Page 37 Setting the Date and Time To set the date and time in the BIOS, select Main menu, then enter the date and time at the top of the screen. This screen also displays the CPU speed and memory capacity of the board. Use TAB key to select Hour or Minutes or Second.
  • Page 38 10 GETTING STARTED This section describes the steps needed to get Saturn SBC up and running quickly. For first time orders it is strongly recommended to purchase a complete development kit (DK). This kit includes: • Saturn SBC • Cable Kit (CK-SAT-01) with all cables needed for the I/O, except the LCD and backlight. •...
  • Page 39 SATA DOM installed with either Windows 10 or Linux. All the necessary I/O drivers are also available as part of the Development Kit. Please contact Diamond Systems for more details. Some of the drivers that are required with the Windows 10 operating system are given below. These drivers are available for download from Diamond Systems’...
  • Page 40 11 VIDEO FEATURES Saturn SBC offers three video output options: 2 HDMI and one LVDS Display, and all the three outputs can be active at any time. The HDMI ports supports a maximum resolution of 3840x2160 @30Hz. An eDP to LVDS converter provides a dual-channel LVDS LCD output. Maximum LVDS resolution is 1920 x 1080 x 60Hz x 24bpp.
  • Page 41 12 SERIAL PORTS AND SYSTEM CONSOLE 12.1 Configuration Saturn SBC supports total 4 serial ports. All the 4 ports support RS-232/422/485 modes. The modes can be configured in BIOS. Both TX and RX termination selection option are available under BIOS menu. 12.2 Console redirection Connect any of the Saturn serial ports to PC.
  • Page 42 13 DATA ACQUISITION CIRCUIT 13.1 Overview Saturn contains a data acquisition subsystem consisting of A/D, D/A, digital I/O, and counter/timer features. The circuit is controlled by an FPGA and connected to the SBC via the LPC bus. The A/D section includes a 16-bit A/D converter, 16 analog input channels and a 2048-sample FIFO. Input ranges are programmable, and the maximum sampling rate is 250 KHz.
  • Page 43 13.2 DAQ Feature Summary Feature Description A/D channels 16 single-ended channels or 8 differential channels 16-bit resolution Programmable input ranges (see table below) D/A channels 4 16-bit analog voltage outputs Programmable output ranges (see table below) DIO Lines 22 lines: 1 8-bit port, 14 1-bit ports Programmable direction 3.3V / 5V logic levels Pull-up / pull-down resistor configuration...
  • Page 44 13.3 Interrupts The FPGA supports LPC interrupts from the analog input circuit, D/A fault indicator, digital I/O, and two counter/timers. Register bits ADINTEN, FINTEN, DINTEN, T2INTEN, and T3INTEN enable/disable interrupts for the individual sources. When an INTEN bit is 1, interrupts for that circuit are enabled. However, 0 disables the interrupt feature.
  • Page 45 14 A/D CIRCUIT 14.1 A/D Basics Saturn uses a 16-bit A/D converter. This means that the analog input voltage can be measured to the precision of a 16-bit binary number (1 part in 65536). The maximum value of a 16-bit binary number is 2 - 1, or 65535, so the full range of numerical values that a 16-bit A/D converter can yield is 0 –...
  • Page 46 and outputting +/-1V could build up charge to the point where its actual output voltages are 50V above the ground potential of the A/D circuit, causing erroneous readings. So a differential input signal still needs a ground reference wire tied between the signal source device and the A/D circuit, in order to prevent this drift. So a differential input typically has 3 wires: V+, V-, and Ground.
  • Page 47 The A/D circuit is configured with several bits in a control register. The Universal Driver software manages these settings based on the input range you choose. The table below lists the full-scale input range for each valid analog input configuration. The parameters Polarity, and Gain are combined to create the value “Code”...
  • Page 48 14.4.1 Conversion Formulas The 16-bit value returned by the A/D converter is always a two’s complement number ranging from -32768 to 32767, regardless of the input range. This is because the input range of the A/D is fixed at ±10V. The input signal is actually magnified and shifted to match this range before it reaches the A/D.
  • Page 49 14.4.1.2 CONVERSION FORMULA FOR UNIPOLAR INPUT RANGES Input voltage = (A/D code + 32768) / 65536 * Full-scale input range Example: Given, Input range is 0–10V and A/D code is 17761. Therefore, Input voltage = (17761 + 32768) / 65536 * 10V = 7.7103V. For a unipolar input range, 1 LSB = 1/65536 * Full-scale voltage.
  • Page 50 14.5 A/D Circuit Operation 14.5.1 FIFO Saturn uses a 2048-sample FIFO (First In First Out) memory buffer to manage A/D conversion data. The FIFO is used to store A/D data between the time it is generated by the A/D converter and the time it is read by the user program.
  • Page 51 When a conversion is performed on the high channel, the channel counter resets to the low channel for the next conversion. The intervals between all samples are equal. Since each clock pulse results in only one channel being sampled, the effective sampling rate is the programmed sampling rate divided by the number of channels in the channel range.
  • Page 52 15 D/A CIRCUIT Saturn utilizes the Analog Devices AD5755 D/A converter for all analog output functions. The AD5755 provides 4 16-bit DACs with high accuracy, low drift, programmable voltage and current output ranges, and digital calibration. Up to 4 of these devices may be installed on the board depending on the model.
  • Page 53 The table below summarizes all this information for all output ranges on Saturn. Output D/A Code 0 D/A Code 65535 Resolution Range Group Range Span Output Value Output value (1 LSB) Unipolar Voltage 0-5V 76.3uV 0.0000V 4.9999V Unipolar Voltage 0-10V 153uV 0.0000V 9.9998V...
  • Page 54 15.2.2 D/A Conversion Formulas for Bipolar Output Ranges In Bipolar output ranges, the D/A voltage will range from (– full scale voltage) to (+ full scale voltage - 1LSB). Thus the full scale range is 2x the full scale voltage. 16-bit D/A: D/A code = (Output voltage / Full scale voltage) * 32768 + 32768 Output voltage = ((D/A code –...
  • Page 55 written to a channel, the chip will automatically apply the offset and gain correction to the code, resulting in a corrected digital value. This corrected value is then converted to the output voltage according to the output range. The calibration process takes about 5us and is unavoidable. This 5us delay is included in the specified settling time for the analog outputs.
  • Page 56 16 DIGITAL I/O The FPGA has three digital I/O ports named A, B, and C. The DIO is organized as follows in the FPGA: • Port A = 8 bits with 1 bit for direction control of the entire port (DIRA) •...
  • Page 57 17 COUNTERS AND TIMERS The FPGA contains 8 32-bit up/down counter timers with programmable functions. The counters are programmed using a command register at address 5 in the counter block, a counter number register at address 4, and a 32-bit data register CTRD31-0 at addresses 0-3.
  • Page 58 18 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION Saturn supports 4 24-bit PWM circuits. The PWMs are programmed using a 24-bit PWM data register PWMD23-0 and an 8-bit command register PWCMD3-0 + PWM2-0 + PWMCD. Each PWM consists of a pair of 24-bit down counters named C0 and C1. The C1 counter defines the duty cycle (active portion of the signal), and the C0 counter defines the period of the signal.
  • Page 59 19 WATCHDOG TIMER The watchdog timer can be used to trigger an interrupt or system reset upon the expiration of a programmed time interval. The purpose of this timer is to enable the system to recover from a software or hardware error that causes the system to freeze or get caught up in a software infinite loop.
  • Page 60 20 HEAT SPREADER AND MOUNTING DRAWING Saturn integrates a heat spreader mounted on the bottom side of the board. The heat spreader is intended for installation onto a metal enclosure surface to aid in conducting heat away from the processor and dissipating it through the enclosure body.
  • Page 61 Mechanical drawing - Heat spreader outer surface Note inverted orientation of drawing Saturn User Manual V1.02 www.diamondsystems.com Page 61...
  • Page 62 21 SPECIFICATIONS Item SAT-E3950-4GA SAT-E3950-4GD SAT-E3950-8GEA SAT-E3950-8GED Processor Apollo Lake E3950 Apollo Lake E3950 Apollo Lake E3950 Apollo Lake E3950 Speed 1.6GHz 1.6GHz 1.6GHz 1.6GHz SDRAM 4GB Non ECC 4GB Non ECC 8GB ECC 8GB ECC memory AIO + DIO AIO + DIO Cooling Heat Spreader...

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