Texas Instruments BQ76907-Q1 Manual
Texas Instruments BQ76907-Q1 Manual

Texas Instruments BQ76907-Q1 Manual

2-series to 7-series high accuracy automotive battery monitor and protector for li-ion, li-polymer, lifepo4 (lfp), and lto battery packs and supercaps

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BQ76907-Q1 2-Series to 7-Series High Accuracy Automotive Battery Monitor and
Protector for Li-Ion, Li-Polymer, LiFePO
1 Features
Battery and supercap monitoring capability for 2-
series to 7-series cells
Integrated low-side drivers for NFET protection
with optional autonomous recovery
Extensive protection suite including voltage,
temperature, current, and internal diagnostics
16-bit delta-sigma voltage ADC
– High accuracy cell voltage measurement of
1mV (typical)
Dedicated 16- or 24-bit delta-sigma coulomb
counter ADC
– High-accuracy current measurement with low
input offset error
– Wide-range current applications (±200mV
measurement range across sense resistor)
– 48bit accumulated charge integrator with timer
Host-controlled cell balancing
Multiple power modes (typical battery pack
operating range conditions)
– NORMAL mode (with Coulomb counting): 32μA
to 175μA
– SLEEP mode (with protections active): 6μA
– DEEPSLEEP mode: 2.7μA
– SHUTDOWN mode: <1μA
Supply voltage from 3V to 38.5V
High-voltage tolerance of 45V on cell connect and
select additional pins
Support for temperature sensing using an internal
sensor and an external thermistor
Integrated one-time-programmable (OTP) memory
for device settings, programmed by TI
2
400kHz I
C serial communications with optional
CRC support
Programmable LDO for external system usage
20-pin QFN (RGR) package
2 Applications
Door handle supercap module
Automotive 12V auxiliary battery
Automotive backup battery
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. ADVANCE INFORMATION for preproduction products; subject to change
without notice.
(LFP), and LTO Battery Packs and
4
Supercaps
3 Description
The Texas Instruments BQ76907-Q1 provides a
highly integrated, high-accuracy battery monitor
and protector for 2-series to 7-series Li-ion, Li-
polymer, LiFePO
and supercaps. The device includes a high-accuracy
monitoring system with a dedicated coulomb counter
and accumulated charge integration, a highly
configurable protection subsystem, and support for
host-controlled cell balancing. Integration includes
low-side protection NFET drivers, a programmable
LDO for external system use, and an I
communication interface supporting up to 400kHz
operation with optional CRC. Continuous Coulomb
counting is available in multiple power modes ranging
down to 32μA. The BQ76907-Q1 operates over a
supply voltage from 3V to 38.5V and is available in
a 20-pin QFN package.
PART NUMBER
BQ76907-Q1
(1)
For more information, seeMechanical, Packaging, and
Orderable information at the end of the datasheet.
+
+
+
VC4
+
VC3
+
VC2
+
VC1
+
VC0
Simplified Schematic
SLUSFM5 – JANUARY 2024
(LFP), and LTO battery packs
4
2
C host
Device Information
(1)
PACKAGE
PACKAGE SIZE (NOM)
3.5mm × 3.5mm × 0.9mm,
RGR (20-pin)
0.5mm pitch
VDD
REGOUT
ALERT
INTP
SDA
SDA
SCL
SCL
VSS
TS
BQ76907-Q1
PACK+
MCU
GND
PACK–

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  • Page 1 BQ76907-Q1 SLUSFM5 – JANUARY 2024 BQ76907-Q1 2-Series to 7-Series High Accuracy Automotive Battery Monitor and Protector for Li-Ion, Li-Polymer, LiFePO (LFP), and LTO Battery Packs and Supercaps 1 Features 3 Description • Battery and supercap monitoring capability for 2- The Texas Instruments BQ76907-Q1 provides a...
  • Page 2 Caution........54 7.4.4 Voltage References..........Glossary..............54 7.4.5 Multiplexer............10 Revision History............7.4.6 LDOs..............11 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable 7.4.7 Standalone Versus Host Interface......29 Information..............7.4.8 ALERT Pin Operation.........30 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 3: Pin Configuration And Functions

    SRP relative to SRN. Thermistor or general-purpose ADC input and functions as a wakeup from I/OA SHUTDOWN, NMOS Discharge FET drive output pin Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Sense voltage input pin for the fifth cell from the bottom of the stack, balance current input for the fifth cell from the bottom of the stack, and return balance current for the sixth cell from the bottom of the stack Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 5: Specifications

    Charged-device model (CDM), per ANSI/ESDA/ Electrostatic discharge ±500 (ESD) JEDEC JS-002, all pins JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 6: Recommended Operating Conditions

    Power dissipated within device should be limited to ensure junction temperature remains within specification during operation. External cell input resistance times external input capacitance should be limited to 200µs or below. Specified by design Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 7 = 3V to 38.5V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS UNIT REGOUT_1. Regulator voltage (nominal 1.8V setting) = 3.0V, I = 10mA 1.62 1.92 REGSRC REGOUT 8_LOW Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 8: Voltage References

    16-bit, best fit straight line over input voltage range of -200mV to 0mV, using Current() Integral nonlinearity ±0.42 ±1.23 (CM_INL) command data with Curr Gain = 32, such that 1-LSB ≈ 7.52µV, at 25℃ Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 9 Settings:Configuration:Power 15.7 bits mode SLOW) Config[IADCSPEED] = 0x1 Single conversion, in NORMAL Effective resolution in medium fast (CM_RES_MED mode, Settings:Configuration:Power 14.9 bits mode FAST) Config[IADCSPEED] = 0x2 Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 10 – = -20°C to 65°C. Measured using ), setting = 8, positive threshold 3460 3942 4443 µV WAKE_THR averaged data to remove effects of noise. (charging current) Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 11 – = -20°C to 65°C. Measured using ), setting = 6, negative threshold -3324 -3067 -2805 µV WAKE_THR averaged data to remove effects of noise. (discharging current) Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 12: Analog-To-Digital Converter

    = 3V to 38.5V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS UNIT Input voltage range (differential cell input Internal reference (Vref = V –0.2 (ADC_IN_CELLS) REF1 (2) (4) mode) Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 13 ADCIN mode. Single conversion, in NORMAL Effective resolution mode, Settings:Configuration:Power with medium slow 15.5 bits (ADC_RES_MEDSLOW) Config[CVADCSPEED] = 0x1, using TS speed setting input in ADCIN mode. Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 14: Vss

    Average effective differential input resistance with device operating in NORMAL mode, cell balancing disabled, and a 5V differential voltage applied. Specified by a combination of characterization and production test Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 15 Using fixed offset adjustment optimized for Li-ion cells Cell offset calibration performed using 3.2V / cell data at 25℃ Cell offset calibration performed using 3.7V / cell data at 25℃ Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links:...
  • Page 16 = -40°C to 125°C and V = 3V to 38.5V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS UNIT Low-frequency Oscillator Full speed setting 262.277 Operating frequency Low speed setting 32.770 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 17 DSG FET driver off DSG off and pin held at 100mV Ω (DSG_OFF) resistance CHG detector CHG pin voltage rising (CHG_DETECT) threshold CHG detector 0.95 (CHG_DET_HYS) hysteresis Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 18 Overcurrent in charge (OCC) voltage Settings 21mV to 55mV -1.68 2.99 (OCC_ACC) threshold accuracy Overcurrent in charge (OCC) voltage Settings 57mV to 123mV -1.61 4.10 (OCC_ACC) threshold accuracy Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 19: Scl

    Low period of the SCL clock µs High period of the SCL clock µs HIGH Setup repeated START µs SU:STA Data hold time (SDA input) HD:DAT Data setup time (SDA input) SU:DAT Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 20: Timing Diagram

    PULLUP Specified by design 6.23 Timing Diagram HD;STA HD;STA SU;STA SU;STO HIGH SU;DAT HD;DAT STOP START START REPEATED START Figure 6-1. I C Communications Interface Timing Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 21: Typical Characteristics

    Temperature (°C) Figure 6-6. Cell Voltage Measurement Error vs. Figure 6-7. Cell Voltage Measurement Error vs. Temperature with Cell Voltage = 2.0V Temperature with Cell Voltage = 2.5V Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 22 1.1955 1.226 VREF1 VREF2 1.195 1.225 Temperature (°C) Figure 6-14. Current Linearity Error vs. Sense Figure 6-15. Internal Voltage References vs. Resistor Voltage Temperature (VREF1 and VREF2) Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 23 -160 -200 Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Figure 6-21. Overcurrent in Charge Protection Figure 6-20. Overcurrent in Discharge Protection 1 (OCC) Threshold vs. Temperature (OCD1) Threshold vs. Temperature Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 24 REGOUT voltage to its target 3.3V. Figure 6-27. Supply Current in SLEEP Mode vs. Figure 6-26. Supply Current in NORMAL Mode vs. Temperature Temperature Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 25 REGSRC current, REGSRC=6V, REGOUT=3.3V -0.1 Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Figure 6-29. Supply Current in SHUTDOWN Mode Figure 6-28. Supply Current in DEEPSLEEP Mode vs. Temperature vs. Temperature Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 26: Detailed Description

    SLUSFM5 – JANUARY 2024 7 Detailed Description 7.1 Overview The BQ76907-Q1 device is a highly integrated, accurate battery monitor and protector for 2-series to 7-series Li-ion, Li-polymer, LiFePO (LFP), and LTO battery packs. A high-accuracy voltage, current, and temperature measurement provides data for host-based algorithms and control. A feature-rich and highly configurable protection subsystem provides a wide set of protections, which can be triggered and recovered completely autonomously by the device or under full control of a host processor.
  • Page 27: Device Configuration

    The effective resolution (defined as the resolution such that the data exhibits 1-sigma variation with ±1 LSB) of the ADC conversions changes as the decimation rate changes, with effective resolution increasing as the output rate is reduced. Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links:...
  • Page 28 CHG driver can also implement continual switching in PWM mode. If a charger is attached with a voltage significantly above the pack voltage, then the CHG FET gate voltage will generally be Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 29 FETs. Using the device in standalone Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 30: Low Frequency Oscillator

    When the target detects an invalid CRC, the I C target will NACK the CRC, which causes the I C target to go to an idle state. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 31 When the controller detects an invalid CRC, the I C controller will NACK the CRC, which causes the I C target to go to an idle state. Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 32: Measurement Subsystem

    2V. Thus if implementing a 2-series system using the top and bottom cell input pins, the upper cell voltage may not be measured correctly if the lower cell voltage drops below 2V, since then VC6 would be below Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 33 The coulomb counter integrates two hardware digital filters (CC1 and CC2), which each provide a separate digital output. The CC2 digital filter generates a 24-bit raw output and has programmable timing and resolution Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 34 16-bit LSB is 1.8V × 5 / 3 / 32768 ≅ 91.55μV. When the TS pin is measuring in ADCIN mode using the VREF1 reference, the 16-bit LSB is VREF1 × 5 / 3 / 32768 ≅ 61.80μV. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 35 The BQ76907 provides a signal that indicates if the CHG pin voltage is above a level of approximately 2V. The raw value of this flag can be read through the communications interface, and an alarm can be generated on the Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 36: Diagnostic Checks

    VSS Check —The device also includes a regular measurement of the VSS voltage as part of the measurement loop, comparing the resulting value to the expected value, to implement the VSSF diagnostic protection. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 37: Cell Balancing

    This device provides four operational modes to support optimized features and power dissipation, with the device able to transition between modes either autonomously or controlled by a host processor. Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links:...
  • Page 38 SLEEP mode and return to NORMAL mode if a current in excess of a programmable threshold is detected. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 39 While the BQ76907 is in NORMAL mode or SLEEP mode, the device can also be configured to enter SHUTDOWN mode if the internal temperature measurement exceeds a programmable threshold. Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links:...
  • Page 40 CONFIG_UPDATE mode, at which point the device restarts normal operation using the new data memory settings. For more information, see the BQ76907-Q1 Technical Reference Manual. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 41: Application And Implementation

    8.1 Application Information The BQ76907-Q1 device can be used with 2-series to 7-series battery packs, supporting a top-of-stack voltage ranging from 3V up to 38.5V. To design and implement a comprehensive set of parameters for a specific battery pack, during development customers can use the Battery Management Studio (bqStudio), which is a graphical user-interface tool installed on a PC.
  • Page 42 ALERT PACK– Figure 8-1. BQ76907-Q1 7-Series Cell Typical Implementation (Simplified Schematic) A full schematic of a basic monitor circuit based on the BQ76907-Q1 for a 7-series battery pack evaluation module is shown below. Section 8.4.2 shows the board layout for this design.
  • Page 43 1,2,3 1,2,3 TP 25 0.001 PACK- 0.1uF 0.1uF TP26 TP27 VS S VS S TP28 TP29 VS S VS S Figure 8-2. BQ76907-Q1 7-Series Cell Schematic Diagram—Monitor Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 44: Design Requirements

    MP 1 MP 2 MP 3 MP 4 TP 32 2200pF QGND Figure 8-3. BQ76907-Q1 7-Series Cell Schematic Diagram—Additional Circuitry 8.2.1 Design Requirements Table 8-1. BQ76907-Q1 Design Requirements DESIGN PARAMETER EXAMPLE VALUE Minimum system operating voltage 17.5V Cell minimum operating voltage 2.5V...
  • Page 45 • Protection FET selection and configuration – The BQ76907-Q1 device is designed for use with low-side NFET protection. – The configuration should be selected for series versus parallel FETs, which may lead to different FET selections for charge versus discharge direction.
  • Page 46 RC delay versus the voltage at the sense resistor. 8.2.4 Random Cell Connection Support The BQ76907-Q1 device supports a random connection sequence of cells to the device during pack manufacturing. For example, cell-6 in a 7-cell stack might be first connected at the input terminals leading to pins VC6 and VC5, then cell-2 may next be connected at the input terminals leading to pins VC2 and VC1, and so on.
  • Page 47: Startup Timing

    Therefore, it is recommended to limit capacitances applied at each cell input pin to the values recommended in the specifications. 8.2.5 Startup Timing At initial power up of the BQ76907-Q1 device from a SHUTDOWN state, the device progresses through a sequence of events before entering NORMAL mode operation. These are described in Table 8-2 for an example configuration, with approximate timing shown.
  • Page 48 FET is disabled. A larger resistor value (such as 1kΩ or 4.7kΩ) reduces this speed and the corresponding inductive spike level. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 49 VSS. To keep the CHG FET disabled, its gate voltage must drop to near this –12.6V level. To support this type of case, the CHG FET driver in BQ76907-Q1 is designed to withstand voltages as low as –25V (recommended) relative to the VSS pin voltage by including a series PFET at the pin, with its gate connected to VSS.
  • Page 50 Figure 8-7. A Slower Turn-Off Case Using a 4.5kΩ Series Gate Resistor A fast turn-off case is shown in Figure 8-8, in which a 100Ω series gate resistor is used between the DSG pin and the FET gate. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 51: Power Supply Recommendations

    8.3 Power Supply Recommendations The BQ76907-Q1 device draws its supply current from the BAT pin, which is typically connected to the top of stack point through a series diode, to protect against any fault within the device resulting in unintended charging of the pack.
  • Page 52: Layout Example

    50ppm in order to minimize current measurement drift with temperature. Choose the value of the sense resistor to correspond to the available overcurrent and short- circuit ranges of the BQ76907-Q1 device. Parallel resistors can be used as long as good Kelvin sensing is ensured.
  • Page 53 BQ76907-Q1 www.ti.com SLUSFM5 – JANUARY 2024 Figure 8-9. BQ76907-Q1 Two-Layer Board Layout—Top Layer Figure 8-10. BQ76907-Q1 Two-Layer Board Layout—Bottom Layer Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback Product Folder Links: BQ76907-Q1...
  • Page 54: Device And Documentation Support

    All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 9.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
  • Page 55: Mechanical, Packaging, And Orderable Information

    This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. Copyright © 2024 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback...
  • Page 56 TI products. TI’s provision of these resources does not expand or otherwise alter TI’s applicable warranties or warranty disclaimers for TI products. TI objects to and rejects any additional or different terms you may have proposed. IMPORTANT NOTICE Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2024, Texas Instruments Incorporated...

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