Sharp PYTHAGORUS Manual
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Sharp PYTHAGORUS Manual

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  • Page 2 English translation of the original Sharp PC-1300 manual and PC-1300S differences manual. Two extra programs added with line-by-line descriptions. Geoffrey S. Quickfall MSc, Palynologist, ATPL Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada geoffqf@telus.net April, 2024...
  • Page 3 _____________________________________________________________ PREAMBLE: Thank you for purchasing the Sharp Pocket Computer PC-1300. The supplemental publication for the 1300S is on page 64. Read this instruction manual carefully prior to using the computer. In addition, save this instruction manual together with the “warranty card”...
  • Page 4 Unique mini Fortran for this computer. Programming structure • terms are explained: o LINE NUMBER, LINE, DIGIT, STEP, STATEMENT, SENTENCE DIGITS: a single space designed to hold a character.  STEP: is a single character, or function consisting of  more than one character.
  • Page 5 _____________________________________________________________ INDEX: KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION POWER SUPPLY PRINTER KEYBOARD KEYBOARD UNSHIFTED KEYBOARD SHIFTED SWITCH & KEY DESCRIPTION CAP PRO AUT DEF DEG RAD GRAD CHIME REC LOD CHK TRC LST HLT PRT DO CNT END IF FLG A B C X Y GTO FED “...
  • Page 6 THE FOUR CALCULATIONS + PARENTHESES TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS √ ** DEG DMS OTHER INT ABS SGN CONDITIONALS ARITHMETIC HIERARCHY (PEMDAS) BUFFER CORRECTING INPUTS PROGRAMMING PROCEDURE PROGRAMMING PYTHAGORUS TO EXECUTE A PROGRAM (HALT) END END (END) (GO TO) (GO TO SUBROUTINE) (IF) (FLAG) (DO CONTINUE)
  • Page 7 _____________________________________________________________ INDEX: FUNCTIONS PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES PAPER DESCRIPTION PC-1300S ADDENDUM TWO PROGRAM EXAMPLES FORMULA GREAT CIRCLE FORMULA INTERMEDIATE LATITUDE PROGRAM CODE WITH EXPLANATION PROGRAM OPERATION PROGRAM EXAMPLE FORMULA ALTITUDE CORRECTION PROGRAM CODE WITH EXPLANATION PROGRAM OPERATION...
  • Page 8 • Do not disassemble this calculator. In the unlikely event of a breakdown, bring the warranty card to our product dealer or Sharp System Service Co., Ltd. as described in the warranty card.
  • Page 9 _____________________________________________________________ KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION: P a g e...
  • Page 10 _____________________________________________________________ POWER SUPPLY: The portable internal power supply is a 4 cell NiCd battery • pack. The original packs are now 43 years old and should be replaced. Good NiMH batteries are an excellent replacement but will take longer to charge using the supplied adapter.
  • Page 11 _____________________________________________________________ PRINTER: To remove paper cover, gently push down on bottom left corner while sliding upward. Insert paper roll and feed under paper cutter using paper feed wheel. To ease insertion of the paper, ensure the edge you are inserting is a straight cut. P a g e...
  • Page 12 For paper jam, remove paper cover. Remove the roll prior to releasing the jam by tearing it at the base, before it feeds into the printer. Do not pull backwards to clear the jam. Grasp paper and gently untangle and pull forward until the remaining paper is clear of paper cutter.
  • Page 13 _____________________________________________________________ KEYBOARD: P a g e...

  • Page 14: Table Of Contents

    KEYBOARD UNSHIFTED: PAGE PAGE 0 → 9 & . REC LOD CHK / * - + =>  √ π A B C X Y KEYBOARD SHIFTED PAGE PAGE A → Z “ ; ? ← → ! DEG DMS SGN ♪...
  • Page 15 OPERATION EXPLANATION OF OPERATION OFF / ON POWER SWITCH PROGRAM RAM SWITCH: CAP: In conjunc�on with will clear all RAM • (data memory is protected). PRO: places calculator in program entry or edit • mode. AUT: calcula�on mode and program run mode. •...

  • Page 16: Trc

    ALL MODES: select secondary func�ons and alpha characters • -F-SIN 30° => (Shi� key) (the sin of 30° displays in the arithme�c line. transfers program / data from computer to • magne�c card. (record key) Used with • Page 57 Transfers program / data from magne�c card to •...

  • Page 17: Hlt

    PRO MODE: Reset the program to line 00; • AUT MODE: display and clear the calcula�on process so far. • Reset the program to line 00; • • Cancel the error message. (clear all key) (clear program key) CAP MODE: (line posi�on 00;...

  • Page 18: End

    PRO MODE: Delineates the end of the program. No further • instruc�ons to follow. Separates two different programs. • (end key) Ends a subrou�ne and directs the program back • Page 42 to the next line a�er the GTS command. •...

  • Page 19: Gto

    PRO MODE: Uncondi�onal jump instruc�on. • Can be a line number or subrou�ne. Does not • return on END. AUT MODE: Page 42 Goes to the directed line number of program. • Good for edi�ng. LL MODES: (feed key) • Designates the one-line paper sending order.
  • Page 20 ALL MODES: Specify the scien�fic nota�on display. • 3 = 2.3X10 ALL MODES: (divide key) Division order. • Page 26, 52 ALL MODES: (mul�plica�on key) Mul�plica�on order. • Page 26, 52 ALL MODES: Add or subtract order. • (add and subtract key) Page 25, 52 PRO MODE: Places cursor at first posi�on on a sentence.

  • Page 21: Sin Cos Tan

    PRO MODE: Indicates a delinea�on between statements. • Points to the execu�on of the order. • AUT MODE: (comma key) Causes the execu�on of the calcula�on. If • you perform the calcula�on of <equa�on> with this key, the calcula�on is completed, and the result is next.

  • Page 22: Asn Acs Atn

    • Transcendental func�ons. ASN .5 => 30 • (transcendental keys) Page 29 (Eulers constant) (log base e) (log base 10) Page 29 Can be used as 10 • 10 ** 4 = 10000 (number to the power key) Page 30 Can be used as Y or X •...

  • Page 23: Dsp

    PRO MODE: For alpha display prompt or label in program • (display key) mode. Used in conjunc�on with the quotes Page 54 “ “   Space key for alpha use as in “ ABC DEF”. • (space key) Used to delineate or designate special •...

  • Page 24: Int

    Pressing illuminates INT followed by the • variable. (integer key) INT 5.25678 => 5 Page 31 Used in conjunc�on with the cursor keys to • insert a step between two steps. (insert key) May be used to insert mul�ple steps into a •...
  • Page 25 _____________________________________________________________ DISPLAY: When you operate the key in AUT, DEF and PRO modes, the • posi�on (post number) where the next instruc�on to be  operated is writen, is displayed with the cursor . If an order is writen to the posi�on step indicated by the cursor, ...
  • Page 26 If you perform a key opera�on that requires more than 16 • digits, the display will be as follows: Single opera�on Display part 12 + SIN 30 * 42 +  12+SIN 30*42+ 1 shi� le�.  2+SIN 30*42+123 2 shi� le�. ...
  • Page 27 _____________________________________________________________ OPERATION RANGE OF FUNCTIONS: FUNCTION OPERATION RANGE ERROR SIN X ABS 1 < 1O 10 ± 1 COS X TAN X 1 < 1O 10 ± 1 DEG: X ≠ 90 ± 180n RAD: X ≠ π/2 ± n π GRAD: X ≠...
  • Page 28 Calcula�on method: • o According to standard hierarchy. o 16 func�on buffers, 9 data buffers. _____________________________________________________________ FIXED AND FLOATING DISPLAY: When displaying numerical values, there are cases where they are displayed in fixed-point or in floating-point method (exponential method). In principle, the numerical values in the next range are displayed in fixed point method, and the numerical values that are out of that range are displayed in the floating-point direction.
  • Page 29 _____________________________________________________________ DATA INPUT METHOD: Insert the first part of the number, then use to insert the exponen�al part: 6.7x10 → 6.7 E-8 -9.12x10 → -9.12 E--34 The exponential portion of the number is expecting two digits between 0 and 99. Inputting more digits in the exponential results in truncation of the excess digits.
  • Page 30 COMPOSITION STYLE: The calculation formula consists of the following instructions. Symbol +, - • Four rules +, -, *, / • Comma • Function SIN, COS, TAN, ASN, ACS, ATN, LN, LOG, EXP, • DEG, DMS, INT, ABS, √, **, SGN Fixed number 0 ~ 9, ( .
  • Page 31 _____________________________________________________________ SYNTAX: ENTERING A CHARACTER: Characters are used for prompting, memory, labelling, etc. The character must fall within the quotes; “ “ . “ABC” “SIN A => “ “PROGRAM A” The following cannot be defined as a character: -F-, TRC, “ ,  , CL, LST, CA, INS, DEL, When entering each instruction as a character, firstly then “...
  • Page 32 will not be displayed, only the order from the first instruction will be displayed. When using DSP command, the same following blank applies to the display. You cannot treat a character as data or enter it into • memory. Again, characters cannot be mixed, or characters cannot be mixed or calculated.
  • Page 33 _____________________________________________________________ MANUAL OPERATIONS: AUT MODE: In the case of manual operation both => and will • perform as an operation key. Once the => or executed the answer appears and the next calculation may be started. • Both the => and are equivalent operations.
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  • Page 35 PARENTHESES: (the PC-1300S has 52 memories, page 64) 27 | P a g e...
  • Page 36 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS: (transcendental functions) COS TAN 28 | P a g e...
  • Page 37 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS: (transcendental functions): ASN ACS ATN LOG EXP 29 | P a g e...
  • Page 38 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS: √ ** DEG DMS 30 | P a g e...
  • Page 39 OTHER: ABS SGN CONDITIONALS 31 | P a g e...
  • Page 40 ARITHMETIC HIERARCHY (PEMDAS): 1. PARENTHESES 2. EXPONENTS (working from right to left for stacked exponents) 3. MULTIPLICATION / DIVISION 4. ADDITION / SUBTRACTION 32 | P a g e...
  • Page 41 BUFFER: 33 | P a g e...
  • Page 42 CORRECTING INPUTS: CL CURSOR DEL INS PROGRAMMING PYTHAGORUS: ________________________________________________________ 34 | P a g e...
  • Page 43 _____________________________________________________________ PROGRAMMING: BEFORE PROGRAMMING: PROGRAM METHOD (see preamble) A LINE #: The code is entered in a side by side sentence format. The horizontal row of the program is called a line. The line number 00; → 99; is attached from 00 to the line on the left. Also the end of a line is the ...
  • Page 44 7. When the program is loaded, finish with END END  Side note: Sharp named this hand held computer the ‘Pythagoras’. Fittingly, the first program example in the manual (follows) is the Pythagoras theorem. Therefore you are loading Pythagoras with Pythagoras!
  • Page 45 Two END commands are used for ending a program, separating two programs and telling a REC to stop at the second END. 37 | P a g e...
  • Page 46 There will be two END commands to terminate the • program. This is useful if a second program independent of the first is loaded or when listing RAM (PRO mode) contents. Ensure you are not it CAP mode. Check your input in PRO •...
  • Page 47 If an error is found in the written program it can be corrected in the following manner: 1. In AUT mode specify the line with the error and use GTO xx (where xx is the line number). 2. Switch to PRO mode and operate the cursor to position at the erroneous statement.
  • Page 48 It can also be used to stop a program to check interim • results.  When execution of the program halts the is displayed on • the left side. Once the execution of the program is stopped, manual • calculations can be performed. In addition, the result can be stored as dta in a specified memory.
  • Page 49 An example of a program with a skip action: A program to find the average value. As shown in the above example, if you want to write an expression in the statement immediately after the HLT command, use two commas after the HLT command. The double comma explanation is needed if a formula follows the HLT command as in this example.
  • Page 50 (END). The END command and double END command have a few • uses. If used in conjunction with the GTS (go to subroutine and return): o Upon reading the END found at the end of the subroutine it will return to the main program and the next line after the GTS command.
  • Page 51 You can specify and expression after the GTO instead of a line number. The expression cannot exceed 99. PRO mode GTO 12 * 36  (jump to line 36) AUT mode GTO “ 18 “  (jump to line 18) GTO “...
  • Page 52 (GO TO SUBROUTINE). In a program when you use a certain calculation procedure several times, you can shorten the program by making he calcualton procedure a subroutine. If the is a GTS instruction during program execution, it wil jump to the speciffied line and run the program from that line as a subroutine.
  • Page 53 THREE SEPARATE ROUTINES IN ONE LISTING: HLT A, B  Input A, B Solve for C √ ( A*A + B*B ) => C  Print C PRT C  END  HLT A, B, C  Input A, B, D A * A + B * B =>...
  • Page 54 Program 4 Create the program in sections, in this case, 4 sections as indicated by the END commands. You can see the Label “SUB” has the two END END commands to terminate and return from the subroutine and then to terminate the program, 46 | P a g e...
  • Page 55 followed by conditionals Used with conditional. If there is an IF command during the executtion of the program, execute the conditional composed of the following instructions: = ≠ ≥ > FLG And if true, continue to exeute from the next line. IF condiional: When the value of the expression is not 0 it is considered true and executed from the next line.
  • Page 56 IF FLG ( IF FLG , ) When the flag is set, consider it as true and execute the next statement, else • execute the next line. IF FLG GTO 15  A + 1 => A  … A * B => C  Consider it true when FLG is set and execute from the •...
  • Page 57 (FLAG) 49 | P a g e...
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  • Page 63 _____________________________________________________________ MAGNETIC CARDS: Figure 1: Correct handling. • Magnetic strip facing down. Labelling should be readable. Figure 2: Incorrect insertion. • Figure 3: Clean with dilute IPA. • Do not use abrasive cleaners. Figure 4: Store cards in protective • holder.
  • Page 64 Do not expose to direct sunlight. • Data protection By attaching protective tape to the magnetic card, you can • prohibit writing on the magnetic card and protect the recording content. How to protect the tape If you want to protect the contents recorded on the •...
  • Page 65 Be careful not to let the tape protrude from the edge or • surface of the card. If the tape is jutting out, the card operation will not be smooth, or the tape will peel off. In addition, please wipe the any dirt and etc. off the card •...
  • Page 66 If error message ……………05 then card was not recorded. A completed successful recording on one or more cards is indicated by the 0. display AUT / DEF modes. Pressing LOD results in a flashing BUSY followed by a solid CARD prompt. Insert card and observe solid CARD prompt changes to flashing CARD display.
  • Page 67 _____________________________________________________________ MAGNETIC CARD READER: The magnetic card reader writes and reads data and • programs to magnetic cards, and has a card reader head inside. Please pay attention to the following points when using the magnetic card reader. Be careful not to mix dirt, oils, dust, and other foreign •...
  • Page 68 _____________________________________________________________ ERROR MESSAGES: CODE REASON If the absolute value is > 1 X 10 • Divide by zero. • When incorrect input function is attempted. • Meaningless operation. Using program functions while in AUT • or DEF. Combination of operations that are not defined. •...
  • Page 69 DO instruction contains a negative number or ≥ 1000 as the • initial and final values. • When specifying a negative line number in the GTO or GTS instruction. Running a program that exceeds capacity. • Enter a program that exceeds capacity. •...
  • Page 70 This is a 10 digit internal memory machine. The opera�on is • up to 9.999999999 -99 ≤ X ≤ +99 otherwise there is an overflow error or 0. _____________________________________________________________ FUNCTIONS: BASIC referred to by SHARP as the “FOUR FUNCTIONS” + - * / • • TRIGOMETRIC SIN COS TAN...
  • Page 71 • PROGRAM FUNCTIONS. o SHARP MINI FORTRAN LANGUAGE. o DIRECT MEMORY AND DESIGNATION. o JUDGEMENT IF (= ≠ ≥ > FLG) o UNCONDITIONAL JUMP (ABSOLUTE, LABEL, INDIRECT) o SUBROUTINE JUMP (ABSOLUTE, LABEL, DIRECT) o ROUTINE LEVELS o DO LOOP (1 STAGE)
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  • Page 76 _____________________________________________________________ TWO PROGRAM EXAMPLES: To introduce programming an example of the Great Circle track and Great Circle Plotting (also known as Intermediate Latitude from Intermediate Longitude) program is given. The code in single command format is on the left, and explanation on the right. For the A B C X Y to function correctly as user assigned...
  • Page 77 _____________________________________________________________ FORMULA: GREAT CIRCLE When the terrestrial la�tudes and longitudes of two points are given, this formula allows the calcula�on of the shortest distance between the two points and the azimuth (true track) at the start point. �������������������������������� ( �������� ) = ��������...
  • Page 78 _____________________________________________________________ FORMULA: INTERMEDIATE LATITUDE When the terrestrial la�tudes and longitudes of two points are given, this formula allows the calcula�on of an intermediate la�tude given an intermediate longitude between the two ini�al points. ���� − ���� ���������������� = ���������������� ( ������������...
  • Page 79 LINE CODE Explanation. Display the title of the program and pause. DSP has an automatic DSP “CO-ORDS + ILO”  temporary pause before executing the next line. HLT halts the program and sequentially allows the variables to be entered. After each HLT A,B,C,D,E variable is entered, the ...
  • Page 80 This display prompts the user to select which routine they are interested. In this case  DSP “GC -> A OR IL -> B” pressing the “A” key on the keyboard will execute the Great Circle program. This is used to stop the program to allow the execution of the “A”...
  • Page 81 GREAT CIRCLE followed “A” , DSP “GREAT CIRCLE” by a pause and then an Automatic execution of continued the rest of the code until a HLT, END or another DSP command is read. The distance calculation given the departure and (ACS (SIN A * SIN C + COS A * COS C * destination latitudes and longitudes.
  • Page 82 PRT is used to print the answer. Note the use of the comma to delineate commands on the same line. INT (I) => I , I => HLT, PRT I When the  is pressed after the HLT command in this line to continue execution, the result is printed and the program executes the track...
  • Page 83 The command IF is used IF SIN (D-A) ≥ 0 , GTO “360”  in this line as with all conditionals. continued Display the name of the DSP “TRACK=“ result and pause (not stop). As with the distance calculation, only display the integer and ignore the fractional part.
  • Page 84 Part 1 of computation of ( TAN C * COS B – TAN A * COS D ) * the Intermediate Latitude routine which is SIN E => F  stored in memory F. Part 2 of the ( TAN C * SIN B – TAN A * SIN D ) * computation of the Intermediate Latitude COS E =>...
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  • Page 87 _____________________________________________________________ FORMULA: ALTITUDE CORRECTION FROM FAA DOCUMENT When temperatures are below 0’ Celsius the baro al�meters will give erroneous ASL readings and must be corrected for the effect of cold temperatures. The actual al�tude will be lower than the indicated al�tude on the Baro-al�meter.
  • Page 88 Vancouver airport 14’ ASL Temperature -25’C LINE CODE explana�on Routine name. DSP “ALTITUDE CORRECTION”  Variable prompt order. DSP “ATMP AASL FASL”  Input: airport temperature. Airport altitude above seal level. HLT A,B,C  Fix altitude (this is the variable that changes each time the subroutine is called).
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  • Page 90 NOTES: 82 | P a g e...
  • Page 91 NOTES: 83 | P a g e...
  • Page 92 NOTES: 84 | P a g e...

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