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Applied Innovation AISwitch AI2524 User Manual

Ais router user's manual
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Table of Contents

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AISwitch
TM
AI2524 Router
User's Manual
August 1997
Applied Innovation Inc.

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Summary of Contents for Applied Innovation AISwitch AI2524

  • Page 1 AISwitch AI2524 Router User’s Manual August 1997 Applied Innovation Inc.
  • Page 2 AI2524 Router AISwitch User’s Manual...

  • Page 3: August 1997

    Applied Innovation Inc. AI2524 Router User’s Manual August 1997 Reference 2524UM...
  • Page 4 AI2524 Router User’s Manual Copyright Notice Copyright © 1983-1997 by Applied Innovation Incorporated (AII). The material discussed in this manual is the proprietary property of AII. AII retains all rights to reproduction and distribution of this document. AISwitch, AISwitch Series 180, and AISwitch Series 130 are registered trademarks of AII. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Limited.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Chapter 1: Introduction ...1-1 Documentation Overview ...1-1 Related Documentation...1-3 Contact Information ...1-4 Text Conventions ...1-5 Chapter 2: AI2524 Overview ...2-1 Introduction ...2-1 T1 CSU/DSU ...2-1 Four Wires 56K CSU/DSU...2-1 5-IN-1 Serial Cable Interface...2-1 Software Features and Functions ...2-2 Scalability ...2-2 Reliable, Adaptive Routing...2-2 Remote Access and Protocol Translation ...2-2 Management and Security...2-5...
  • Page 6 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Command Modes ...4-3 User EXEC Mode Commands ...4-6 Privileged EXEC Mode Commands ...4-7 ROM Monitor Mode Commands...4-8 Global Configuration Mode Commands...4-10 Interface Configuration Mode Commands ...4-12 Subinterface Configuration Mode Commands ... 4-14 Router Configuration Mode ...4-15 IPX-Router Configuration Mode ...4-16 Route-Map Configuration Mode...4-17 Key Chain Configuration Mode...4-17...
  • Page 7 Use Setup after First-Time Startup ...5-19 Use the Streamlined Setup Facility...5-27 Chapter 6: Using the System Configuration Dialog ...6-1 Introduction ...6-1 System Configuration Dialog...6-1 Chapter 7: Manually Loading System Images...7-1 Introduction ...7-1 Image and Configuration File Load Task List ...7-2 Retrieve System Images and Configuration Files ...7-3 Retrieve System Images and Configuration File Task List ...7-3 Copy System Images from a Network Server to Flash Memory ...
  • Page 8 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Generate a Default Route ...8-7 Configure Lookup of DNS Names ...8-7 Force the Router ID Choice with a Loopback Interfac ... 8-8 Disable Default OSPF Metric Calculation Based on Bandwidth ...8-8 Configure OSPF on Simplex Ethernet Interfaces ... 8-8 Configure Route Calculation Timers ...8-9 Configure OSPF over On-Demand Circuits ...8-9 Network Illustration ...8-10...
  • Page 9 Example: Dynamic Routing in Overlapping Areas ... 9-13 Example: Dynamic Interdoma inRouting ...9-15 Configure ISO IGRP Parameters ...9-17 Configure IS-IS Dynamic Routing ...9-19 Enable IS-IS ...9-19 Examples: IS-IS Routing Configuration ...9-20 Assign Multiple Area Addresses to IS-IS Areas... 9-23 Examples: NETs Configuration ...9-24 Example: Router in Two Areas...9-25 Configure IS-IS Parameters ...9-27 Configure IS-IS Interface Parameters ...9-30...
  • Page 10 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure Miscellaneous TARP PDU Information ... 9-64 Monitor and Maintain the TARP Protocol...9-64 Examples: TARP Configuration ...9-65 Chapter 10: Serial Interface Configuration Steps ...10-1 Introduction ...10-1 Configure the Synchronous Serial Interfaces...10-1 Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps...11-1 Introduction ...11-1 Configuration Overview ...11-1 PPP Configuration Task List ...11-2...
  • Page 11 Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Configuration Steps ...12-1 Introduction ...12-1 X.25 Configuration ...12-1 X.25 Configuration Task List ...12-1 Configure Interface ...12-2 Set the X.25 Mode ...12-2 Set the Virtual Circuit Ranges ...12-3 Example: Virtual Circuit Ranges ...12-4 Set the Packet Numbering Modulo ...12-5 Set the X.121 Address...12-5 Set the Default Flow Control Values ...12-6 Example: Typical X.25 Configuration...12-7...
  • Page 12 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Substitute Addresses in a Local X.25 Rout ...12-39 Configure XOT Alternate Destinations ...12-39 Configure CMNS Routing ...12-40 Enable CMNS on an Interface ...12-40 Specify a CMNS Static Map of Addresses ...12-41 Example: CMNS Configured for X.121 and MAC Addresses ... 12-41 Example: CMNS Switched over a PDN ...12-42 Example: CMNS Switched over Leased Lines...
  • Page 13 Configure LAPF Parameters...13-12 Configure Frame Relay Traffic Shaping...13-13 Enable Frame Relay Traffic Shaping on the Interface... 13-14 Specify a Traffic-Shaping Map Class for the Interfac ... 13-14 Define a Map Class with Queuing and Traffic Shaping Parameters ... 13-15 Define Access Lists...13-15 Define Priority Queue Lists for the Map Class...
  • Page 14 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Chapter 15: 56/64-kbps Switched and Digital Data Services (DDS) Interface Config- uration Steps...15-1 Introduction ...15-1 Set the Clock Source ...15-1 Set the Network Line Speed...15-2 Enable Scrambled Data Coding ...15-3 Change between DDS and Switched Dial-Up Modes ... 15-3 Enable Acceptance of a Remote Loopback Request ...15-4 Select a Service Provider ...15-4 Chapter 16: Basic Configuration...16-1...

  • Page 15: Chapter 1: Introduction

    Chapter 1: Introduction Documentation This manual documents the use and operation of the AI2524 in an AISwitch system. These topics are covered: Overview Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 August 1997 2524UM Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction This chapter provides a documentation over-...
  • Page 16 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Page 1-2 AI2524 Protocol Configuration Steps This chapter describes how to configure th AI2524 for OSPF TCP/IP, IGRP TCP/IP, and RIP TCP/IP.

  • Page 17: Related Documentation

    Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Appendix A Appendix B Related Documentation for AISwitch products includes: Documentation To order these or any other AISwitch manuals, contact your sales rep- resentative at (800) 247-9482. August 1997 2524UM System Error Messages This chapter contains a link to the AI2524/ Cisco IOS v.

  • Page 18: Contact Information

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Contact To register documentation, contact Applied Innovation Inc. at: Information Phone Email Register your documentation by completing the registration form. The most current version of release notes and the AI198 CLC User’s Manual are available on the Applied Innovation web site at: http://www.aiinet.com Click on the Documentation option.

  • Page 19: Text Conventions

    Text Conventions Important concepts throughout this manual are emphasized with these special text styles: [Buttons] Commands Variable Arguments August 1997 2524UM Chapter 1: Introduction Function buttons that appear on a screen ar shown in regular body text and enclosed in square brackets.
  • Page 20 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual [Optional Arguments] {argument| argument} <Keys> Page 1-6 Some arguments are optional. This means that you have the choice of including them or not. Optional arguments are shown enclosed in square brackets, which are not entered. For example: avrestore [ directory ] means that you type...
  • Page 21 Labels Menu | Submenu Screen output Warning: August 1997 2524UM Chapter 1: Introduction Labels are used in diagrams to designat physical components such as jumper straps, switches, and cable connectors. For exam- ple: COM1 BOOT1 If the physical component being described is part of the text, it appears as regular type: To reset the COM1 port connector, press th BOOT switch.
  • Page 22 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 1-8 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 23: Chapter 2: Ai2524 Overview

    Chapter 2: AI2524 Overview Introduction This chapter describes the Cisco IOS software features and the AI2524 hardware specifications. The AI2524 multi-protocol router adds the Cisco Internetworking Operating System (IOS the NEBS compliant AISwitch 180 Series. The AI2524 adds leading edge routing capabilities through TCP/IP and OSI networks to the AI 180 Switch protocol conversion and data port concentration capabili- ties.

  • Page 24: Software Features And Functions

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual RS-232 DTE or DCE, EIA-530 DTE, RS-449 DTE or DCE, OR V.35, DTE or DCE, up to E1 speeds. Software The AI 2524 incorporates Cisco IOS software. This software provides: Features and Scalability Functions Reliable, Adaptive Routing Remote Access and Protocol Translation Management and Security Scalability...
  • Page 25 also provides network access to terminals, printers, workstations, and other networks. On LANs, terminal services support Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) on UNIX machines with Telnet and rlogin connections. You can use the router to make connections between hosts and resources running different protocols, including router and access server connections to X.25 machines using X.25 Packet Assem- bler/Disassembler (PAD).
  • Page 26 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Figure 2-1:Remote Access Functionality Figure 2-1 Remote node service is demonstrated by the telecommuter’s (re- mote) PC connection running SLIP, PPP, CSLIP, or XRemote Terminal service is shown between the terminals and hosts run ning the same protocol (LAT-to-LAT or TCP-to-TCP) Protocol translation is shown between the terminals and hosts run- ning unlike protocols (LAT-to-TCP or TCP-to-LAT) Asynchronous IP routing is shown by the PC running SLIP or...

  • Page 27: Software Specifications

    Management and Security The Cisco IOS software provides an array of network management and security capabilities. Integrated management simplifies adminis- trative procedures and shortens the time required to diagnose and fix problems. Automated operations reduce hands-on tasks and make it possible to manage large, geographically dispersed internetworks with a small staff of experts located at a central site.

  • Page 28: Wan Protocols

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual WAN protocols Frame Relay High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) X.25 a Network protocols OSI Connectionless Network Services (CLNS) and Connection Mode Network Services (CMNS) IP Routing Protocols The Cisco IOS software supports IP routing protocols, including inte- rior gateway protocols and exterior gateway protocols.

  • Page 29: Connections

    Connections External Connection Requirements The AI2524 provides LAN and WAN access in a modular router plat- form. The router includes an Ethernet (AUI or 10BaseT) LAN connec- tion, and accommodates two synchronous serial modules. The synchronous serial WAN modules include these external connec- tors: Four-wire 56/64-kbps DSU/CSU WAN module with an RJ-48S connector...
  • Page 30 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 2-8 August 1997 AI2524UM...

  • Page 31: Chapter 3: Configuration Overview

    Chapter 3: Configuration Overview Introduction This chapter provides a brief overview of three ways that the AI2524 can be configured including: Configuration Mode AutoInstall System Configuration Dialog These three and other procedures are described in detail in this manual. The first time the router is powered and booted, you must enter basic configuration information and save the configuration to a file in NVRAM.

  • Page 32: Configure The Router

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 5. If a valid configuration file is not found in NVRAM, the router runs the System Configuration Dialog so you can configure it manually. For normal router operation, there must be a valid Cisco IOS image in Flash memory and a configuration file in NVRAM. The first time you boot your router, you will need to configure the router interfaces and then save the configuration to a file in NVRAM.

  • Page 33: Show Configuration

    3. After a few seconds you will see the user EXEC prompt (Router> . Enter the enable command to enter enable mode. You can only make configuration changes in enable mode. Router> enable The prompt changes to the privileged EXEC (enable) prompt: Router# 4.

  • Page 34: Save The Configuration

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Save the To make your changes permanent, enter the copy running-con- fig startup-config command at the enable prompt: Configuration Router# copy running-config startup-config The router is now configured and will boot with the configuration you entered.
  • Page 35 Which WAN protocols you will run on each interface (for exam ple: Frame Relay, HDLC, SMDS, and X.25) Which routing protocol you will use for each network protocol The Cisco IOS software provides a user interface called a command interpreter, or EXEC, that allows you to configure and manage th router or access server.

  • Page 36: Use The Web Browser Interface

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Use the Web Browser Interface You can issue most of the AI2524 commands using a Web browser. You access the Web Browser interface through the router's home page. AI2524 routers loaded with the latest version of the Cisco IOS soft- ware have a home page, which is password protected.

  • Page 37: Chapter 4: Understanding The User Interface

    Chapter 4: Understanding the User Interface Introduction This chapter describes the features of the user interface.The AI2524 user interface provides access to several different command modes. Each command mode provides a group of related commands. This chapter describes how to access and list the commands available in each command mode and explains the primary uses for each command mode.

  • Page 38: End A Session

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual feature that is disabled by default. For example, IP routing is enabled by default. To disable IP routing, specify the no ip routing com- mand and specify ip routing to reenable it. The user interface also provides context-sensitive help for command syntax.

  • Page 39: Chapter 4: Understanding The User Interface

    Command Modes This section describes how to access each of the AI2524 command modes, including: User EXEC Mode Commands Privileged EXEC Mode Commands ROM Monitor Mode Commands Global Configuration Mode Commands These command modes are accessible from global configuration mode: Interface Configuration Mode Commands Subinterface Configuration Mode Commands Router Configuration Mode...
  • Page 40 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual configuration command. The following table does not include all o the possible ways to access or exit each command mode. For all command modes, typing a question mark (?) at the prompt will list the commands available. Refer to more information.
  • Page 41 Command Mode Access Method User EXEC Log in. Privileged From user EXEC mode, EXEC type enable (requires a password). ROM monitor From privileged EXEC mode, type reload. Press <Break> during the first 60 seconds while the system is booting. Global configu- From privileged EXEC ration mode, type configure.

  • Page 42: User Exec Mode Commands

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Command Mode Access Method (Contd.) Key chain key From key chain configura- configuration tion mode, type key num- ber . Response time From global configuration reporter config- mode, type rtr probe. uration Access-list con- From global configuration figuration mode, type ip access- list mode name .

  • Page 43: Privileged Exec Mode Commands

    Router> ? Exec commands: <1-99> Session number to resume connect Open a terminal connection disconnect Disconnect an existing telnet session enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login...

  • Page 44: Rom Monitor Mode Commands

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Router> enable Password: Router# ? Exec commands: For manual emergency modes setting clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy a config file to or from a tftp server debug Debugging functions disable...
  • Page 45 You can also enter ROM monitor mode by entering the reload EXEC command and then pressing <Break> during the first 60 sec- onds of system startup. To save changes to the configuration file, us the copy running-config startup-config command be- fore issuing the reload command.

  • Page 46: Global Configuration Mode Commands

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Global Configuration Mode Commands Global configuration commands apply to features that affect the sys- tem as a whole. Use the configure privileged EXEC command to enter global configuration mode. When you enter this command, the system EXEC prompts you for the source of the configuration com- mands: Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
  • Page 47 Router# configure Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL Z Router(config)# ? Configure commands: access-list Add an access list entry apollo Apollo global configuration commands appletalk Appletalk global configuration commands Set a static ARP entry async-bootp Modify system bootp parameters autonomous-system...

  • Page 48: Interface Configuration Mode Commands

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual tn3270 tn3270 configuration command username Establish User Name Authentication vines Vines global configuration commands X.25 X.25 Level 3 XNS global configuration commands Interface Configuration Mode Commands Many features are enabled on a per-interface basis. Interface configu- ration commands modify the operation of an interface such as an Ethernet, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), or serial port.
  • Page 49 Router(config)# interface serial 0 Router(config-if)# ? Interface configuration commands: access-expression Build a bridge boolean access expression apollo Apollo interface subcommands appletalk Appletalk interface subcommands Set arp type (arpa, probe, snap) or timeout backup Modify dial-backup parameters bandwidth Set bandwidth informational parameter bridge-group Transparent bridging interface parameters clns...

  • Page 50: Subinterface Configuration Mode Commands

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual transmitter-delay Set dead-time after transmitting a datagram tunnel protocol-over-protocol tunneling tx-queue-limit Configure card level transmit queue limit vines Vines interface subcommands XNS interface subcommands Subinterface Configuration Mode Commands You can configure multiple virtual interfaces (called subinterfaces) on a single physical interface.

  • Page 51: Router Configuration Mode

    Router(config)# interface serial 2 Router(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay Router(config-if)# interface serial 2.1 Router(config-subif)# ? Interface configuration commands: apollo Apollo interface subcommands appletalk Appletalk interface subcommands bandwidth Set bandwidth informational parameter bridge-group Transparent bridging interface parameters clns CLNS interface subcommands decnet Interface DECnet config commands delay Specify interface throughput delay description...
  • Page 52 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual This example displays how a router is configured to support the Rout- ing Information Protocol (RIP). Router(config)# router rip Router(config-router)# ? router configuration commands: default-information Control distribution of default information default-metric Set metric of redistributed routes distance Define an administrative distance distribute-list...

  • Page 53: Route-Map Configuration Mode

    Route-Map Configuration Mode Use the route-map configuration mode to configure routing table and source and destination information. In this example, a route map named arizona1 is configured. Router(config)# route-map arizona1 Router(config-route-map)# ? Route Map configuration commands: exit Exit from route-map configuration mode help Description of the interactive help system match...

  • Page 54: Context-Sensitive Help

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual In this example, an IP access list named flag is created and the com- mands available in access-list configuration mode are listed. Router(config)# ip access-list extended flag Router(config-ext-nacl)# ? Ext Access List configuration commands: deny Specify packets to reject dynamic Specify a DYNAMIC list of PERMITs or DENYs...

  • Page 55: Get Word Help

    Warning: When using context-sensitive help, the space (or lack of a Get Word Help To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character se- quence, type in those characters followed immediately by the question mark (?). Do not include a space. This is called word help because it completes a word for you.
  • Page 56 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Router# co? configure connect copy Enter the configure command followed by a space and a ques- tion mark (?) to list the command's keywords and a brief explana- tion: Router# configure ? memory Configure from NV memory network Configure from a TFTP network host terminal...

  • Page 57: Check Command Syntax

    Router(config)# access-list 99 ? deny Specify packets to reject permit Specify packets to forward Enter the deny keyword followed by a question mark (?) to list additional options: Router(config)# access-list 99 deny ? A.B.C.D Address to match Enter the IP address followed by a question mark (?) to list addi- tional options: Router(config)# access-list 99 deny 131.108.134.0 ? A.B.C.D...
  • Page 58 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual The help output shows that the set keyword is required. Check the syn- tax for entering the time: Router# clock set ? hh:mm:ss Current time Router# clock set Enter the current time: Router# clock set 13:32:00 % Incomplete command.

  • Page 59: Command History Features

    Enter the year using the correct syntax and press <Enter> to execut the command. Router# clock set 13:32:00 23 February 1997 Command The Cisco IOS software user interface provides a history, or record, o commands that you have entered. This feature is particularly useful fo History Features recalling long or complex commands or entries, including access lists.

  • Page 60: Editing Features

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Editing Features The current software release includes an enhanced editing mode that provides a set of editing key functions similar to those of the Emacs editor. Notes: Many of the commands described in this section refer to arrow keys as well as alternate keystrokes.
  • Page 61 Recall the next buffer entry. The buffer contains only the last 10 items you have deleted or cut. If you press <Esc-Y> more than 10 times, you will cycle back to the first buffer entry. Erase the character to the left of the cursor.

  • Page 62: Edit Command Lines That Wra

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Edit Command Lines that Wrap The Cisco IOS software assumes that you have a terminal screen that is 80 characters wide. If your terminal displays a different number of characters on each line, use the terminal width command. When the cursor reaches the right margin, the command line shifts 10 spaces to the left.

  • Page 63: Web Browser Interfac

    Web Browser You can issue most of the AI2524 commands using a Web browser. This AI2524 feature is accessed by using the Web Browser interface, Interface which is accessed from the router's home page. From the router's home page, click on the Monitor the Router hyper text link to display a Web page with a Command field.
  • Page 64 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Access Your Router's Home Page Perform these steps to access the home page for your router or access server: 1. Enter the name of the router or access server in the URL field of your Web browser and press <Enter>. The browser prompts you for the password for the router or access server.
  • Page 65 Issue Commands Using the Web Browser Interface To issue commands using the Web Browser interface, click Monitor the router in the first list of hypertext links on the home page. This dis- plays the Web page shown in Figure 4-2:The Command Field Web Page for a Router Named example Enter Commands Using Hypertext Links To enter a command using hypertext links, scroll through the com-...

  • Page 66: Enter Commands Using The Command Field

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Enter Commands Using the Command Field Entering the command in the command field is just like entering it at a terminal console. If you are uncertain of the options available for particular command, type a question mark (?). For example, typing show ? in the command field displays the pa- rameters for the show command.

  • Page 67: Chapter 5: Using Autoinstall

    Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall Introduction This chapter provides information about AutoInstall, a procedure that allows you to configure a new router automatically and dynamically. The AutoInstall procedure involves connecting a new router to a net- work where an existing router is preconfigured, turning on the new router, and enabling it with a configuration file that is automatically downloaded from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server.

  • Page 68: Autoinstall Requirements

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual AutoInstall The AutoInstall process is designed to configure the router automati- cally after connection to your WAN. In order for AutoInstall to work Requirements properly, a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) host on your network must be preconfigured to provide the required configuration files.
  • Page 69 3. An IP address-to-host name mapping for the new router must be added to a Domain Naming System (DNS) database file. If the existing router is to help automatically install the new route via an HDLC-encapsulated serial interface using Serial Line Ad- dress Resolution Protocol (SLARP), that interface must be config- ured with an IP address whose host portion has the value 1 or 2.

  • Page 70: Use A Dos-Based Tftp Server

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Use a DOS-Based AutoInstall over Frame Relay and other WAN encapsulations support downloading configuration files from UNIX-based and DOS-based TFTP Server TFTP servers. Other booting mechanisms such as RARP and SLARP also support UNIX-based and DOS-based TFTP servers. The DOS format of the UNIX network-confg file that must reside on the server must be eight characters or fewer, with a three-letter exten sion.

  • Page 71: How Autoinstall Works

    How AutoInstall Once the requirements for using AutoInstall are met, the dynamic con- figuration of the new router occurs in this order: Works 1. The new router acquires its IP address. Depending on the interface connection between the two routers and/or access servers, the new router's IP address is dynamically resolved by either SLARP re- quests or BOOTP or RARP requests.
  • Page 72 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Figure 5-1:Using SLARP to Acquire the New Router's IP Address In response to BOOTP or RARP requests, an IP address is sent from the BOOTP or RARP server to newrouter. A BOOTP or RARP server must have already been set up to map newrouter's MAC address to its IP address.

  • Page 73: Resolve The Ip Address To The Host Name

    Figure 5-2:Use BOOTP or RARP to Acquire the New Router's IP Address AutoInstall over Frame Relay is a special case in that the existing router acts as a BOOTP server and responds to the incoming BOOTP request. Only a helper address and a Frame Relay map need to be set up.
  • Page 74 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Figure 5-3:Dynamically Resolve the New Router's IP Ad- dress-to-Host Name Mapping Page 5-8 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 75: Download The New Router's Host Configuration Fil

    The network-confg file is a configuration file generally shared by sev- eral routers. In this case, it maps the IP address of the new router (just obtained dynamically) to the name of the new router. The file network- confg must reside on a reachable TFTP server and must be globally readable.
  • Page 76 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual When using AutoInstall over Frame Relay, you are put into setup mode while the AutoInstall process is running. If the configuration file is successfully installed, the setup process is terminated. If you expect the AutoInstall process to be successful, either do not respond to the setup prompts or respond to the prompts as: Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes]: no Would you like to terminate autoinstall? [yes]: no...

  • Page 77: Perform The Autoinstall Procedur

    Perform the To dynamically configure a new router using AutoInstall, complete these tasks. Steps 1, 2, and 3 are completed by the central administra- AutoInstall tor. Step 4 is completed by the person at the remote site. Procedure 1. Modify the existing router's configuration to support AutoInstall. 2.
  • Page 78 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 4. Optionally, configure a DCE clock rate for the serial line, unless an external clock is being used. This step is needed only for DCE appliques. clock rate bps 5. To exit configuration mode, press <Ctrl-Z>. 6.
  • Page 79 Save the configuration file to your startup configuration. This step saves the configuration to NVRAM. copy running-config startup-config Typically, the local-area network (LAN) interface and IP address ar already configured on the existing router. You might need to configur an IP helper address if the TFTP server is not on the same network as the new router.

  • Page 80: Set Up The Tftp Server

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 4. Enter an IP address for the interface. This step sets the IP address of the existing router. ip address address mask 5. Configure a helper address for the TFTP server. ip helper-address address3 6. Optionally, configure a DCE clock rate for the serial line, unless an external clock is being used.
  • Page 81 1. Enable TFTP on a server. Consult your host vendor's TFTP serve documentation and RFCs 906 and 783. 2. If you want to use a network-confg or cisconet.cfg file to resolve the new router's name, create the network-confg or cisconet.cfg file containing an IP address-to-host name mapping for the new router.

  • Page 82: Set Up The Bootp Or Rarp Server

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual net to connect to the new router from the existing router and use the setup facility to configure the rest of the interfaces. For example, th line in the network-confg or cisconet.cfg file could be similar to: ip host newrouter 131.108.170.1 This host configuration file contains the minimal set of commands needed for AutoInstall using SLARP or BOOTP:...

  • Page 83: Connect The New Router To The Network

    If RARP is to be used to resolve the new router's IP address, con- figure your RARP server. Refer to your host vendor's manual pages and to RFC 903. This example host configuration file contains the minimum set of commands needed for AutoInstall using RARP. It includes the IP ad- dress that will be obtained dynamically via BOOTP or RARP during the AutoInstall process.
  • Page 84 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Note: If the configuration file is a minimal configuration file, the new router comes up, but with only one interface operational. Complete the fol- lowing steps to connect to the new router and configure it: 1.

  • Page 85: Use Setup For Configuration Changes

    Use Setup for The setup command facility is an interactive facility that allows you to perform first-time configuration and other basic configuration proce- Configuration dures on all routers. The facility prompts you to enter basic informa- Changes tion needed to start a router quickly and uneventfully. Although the setup command facility is a quick way to set up a router, you can also use it after first-time startup to perform basic configura- tion changes.
  • Page 86 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual provides you with a high-level view of the configuration and guides you through the configuration change process. Additionally, if you are not familiar with the command parser, the setup command facility is a particularly valuable tool because it asks you the questions required to make configuration changes.
  • Page 87 Note: This example shows how to use the setup command facility to config- ure interface serial 0 and to add ARAP and IP/IPX PPP support on the asynchronous interfaces: Router# setup ---System Configuration Dialog--- At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help. Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
  • Page 88 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure Async lines? [yes]: Async line speed [9600]: 57600 Configure for HW flow control? [yes]: Configure for modems? [yes/no]: yes Configure for default chat script? [yes]: no Configure for Dial-in IP SLIP/PPP access? [no]: yes Configure for Dynamic IP addresses? [yes]: no Configure Default IP addresses? [no]: yes Configure for TCP Header Compression? [yes]: no...
  • Page 89 AppleTalk starting cable range [2]: AppleTalk ending cable range [2]: AppleTalk zone name [ZZ Serial]: AppleTalk additional zone name: Configure IPX on this interface? [yes]: IPX network number [2]: Configuring interface Async1: IPX network number [4]: Default client IP address for this interface [none]: 172.16.72.4 Configuring interface Async2: IPX network number [5]: Default client IP address for this interface [172.16.72.5...
  • Page 90 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Default client IP address for this interface [172.16.72.19]: The following configuration command script was created: hostname Router enable secret 5 $1$krIg$emfYm/1OwHVspDuS8Gy0K enable password ww line vty 0 4 password ww snmp-server community public no decnet routing appletalk routing ipx routing ip routing...
  • Page 91 Chapter 5: Using AutoInstall appletalk cable-range 2-2 2.2 appletalk zone ZZ Serial ipx network 2 no mop enabled Interface Async1 ipx network 4 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 async default ip address 172.16.72.4 async mode interactive Interface Async2 ipx network 5 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 async default ip address 172.16.72.5 async mode interactive Interface Async3...
  • Page 92 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Interface Async9 ipx network C ip unnumbered Ethernet0 async default ip address 172.16.72.12 async mode interactive Interface Async10 ipx network D ip unnumbered Ethernet0 async default ip address 172.16.72.13 async mode interactive Interface Async11 ipx network E ip unnumbered Ethernet0 async default ip address 172.16.72.14 async mode interactive...

  • Page 93: Use The Streamlined Setup Facility

    Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes Building configuration... Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this configuration. Router# Use the Streamlined Setup Facility The streamlined setup command facility is available only if you router is running from ROM monitor and has RXBOOT ROMs in- stalled.
  • Page 94 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Note: The streamlined setup command facility continues, prompting you fo interface parameters for each installed interface. The facility asks if an interface is in use. If so, the facility prompts you to provide an IP ad dress and subnet mask bits for the interface.

  • Page 95: Chapter 6: Using The System Configuration Dialog

    Chapter 6: Using the System Configuration Dialog Introduction This chapter describes the System Configuration Dialog process using a sample configuration. The System Configuration Dialog can be manually used to configure the router instead of using AutoInstall. System If you do not plan to use AutoInstall (refer to the chapter), make sure all the WAN cables are disconnected from the Configuration router.
  • Page 96 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual in the subnet field (if applicable) of the Ethernet and synchronous se- rial ports. Take these steps to configure the router using the System Configura tion Dialog: 1. Connect a console terminal to the console connector on theAI2524.
  • Page 97 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Notice: NVRAM invalid, possibly due to write erase. --- System Configuration Dialog --- At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help. Refer to the 'Getting Started' Guide for additional help.
  • Page 98 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 6. Enter an enable secret password: The enable secret is a one-way cryptographic secret used instead of the enable password when it exists. Enter enable secret: pail The enable password is used when there is no enable secret and when using older software and some boot images.
  • Page 99 Refer to this table for ISDN switch types: Country Australia Europe Japan North America Zealand August 1997 2524UM Chapter 6: Using the System Configuration Dialog ISDN Switch Type basic-ts013 Australian TS013 switches basic-1tr6 German 1TR6 ISDN switches basic-nwnet3 Norwegian NET3 ISDN switches (phase 1) basic-net3 NET3 ISDN switches (UK and others) French VN2 ISDN switches...
  • Page 100 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 6-6 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 101: Chapter 7: Manually Loading System Images

    Chapter 7: Manually Loading System Images Introduction This chapter outlines the steps to load and maintain system images, microcode images, and configuration files. These instructions describe copying system images from routers to network servers (and vice versa), displaying and comparing different configuration files, and listing the Cisco IOS software version running on the router.

  • Page 102: Image And Configuration File Load Task List

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Image and To load and maintain system images, microcode images, and configu- ration files needed for startup, complete the tasks outlined in the next Configuration section. File Load Task List Note: The tasks in the first three sections are typical for all routers. Perform the remaining tasks as needed for your routing environment.

  • Page 103: Retrieve System Images And Configuration File Task List

    Retrieve System If you have a minimal configuration that allows you to interact with the system software, you can retrieve other system images and config- Images and uration files from a network server and modify them for use in you Configuration routing environment.
  • Page 104 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Note: When you enter the copy tftp flash command, the system prompts you for the IP address or domain name of the TFTP server. This server can be another router serving ROM or Flash system soft ware images.
  • Page 105 This example demonstrates the use of the copy tftp flash com- mand to copy a system image named gs7-k when Flash memory is too full to copy the file. The filename gs7-k can be in lowercase or upper- case; the system sees GS7-K as gs7-k. If more than one file of the sam name is copied to Flash, regardless of case, the last file copied is th valid file.
  • Page 106 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual transferred successfully. A series of V characters indicates that a checksum verification of the image is occurring after the image is writ- ten to Flash memory. Note: This example demonstrates the process of copying a system image named gs7-k into the current Flash configuration when a file named gs7-k already exists: env-chassis# copy tftp flash...

  • Page 107: Copy Configuration Files From A Network Server To The Router

    You can copy normal or compressed images to Flash memory. You can produce a compressed system image on any UNIX platform using the compress command. Refer to your UNIX platform's documen- tation for the exact usage of the compress command. This example shows how to copy a system image named IJ09140Z into the current Flash configuration: Router# copy tftp flash...

  • Page 108: Change The Buffer Size For Loading Configuration Files

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual cess to copy a different configuration to the router that is stored on a network server. You can copy a configuration file from a TFTP server to the running configuration or to the startup configuration. When you copy a config- uration file to the running configuration, you copy to and run the file from RAM.

  • Page 109: Verify The Image In Flash Memory

    4. Save the configuration file to your startup configuration. This step saves the configuration to NVRAM. copy running-config startup-config In this example, the buffer size is set to 50000 bytes: Router1# configure terminal Router1(config)# boot buffersize 50000 Router1# copy running-config startup-config Verify the Image in Flash Memory Before booting from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the image in Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README...
  • Page 110 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 2. List information about Flash memory, including system image filenames, amounts of memory used and remaining, and Flash par- titions. show flash [all | chips | detailed | err | partition number [all | chips | detailed | err] | summary] 3.

  • Page 111: Reexecute The Configuration Commands In Startup Configuration

    This example illustrates how to use this command: Router# verify flash Name of file to verify [gsxx]? Verifying via checksum... vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv Flash verification successful. Length = 1923712, checksum = 0xA0C1 Router# Reexecute the Configuration Commands in Startup Configuration You can reexecute the configuration commands stored in NVRAM. To reexecute the commands located in the startup configuration, type this command in privileged EXEC mode: configure memory...

  • Page 112: Perform General Startup Tasks

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Perform General When modifying your routing environment, you perform general star- tup tasks. For example, to modify a configuration file, you enter con- Startup Tasks figuration mode. You also modify the configuration register boot field to tell the router if and how to load a system image upon startup.
  • Page 113 ever, you can list the comments in configuration files stored on a TFTP server. Configure the Cisco IOS software from the Terminal When you configure the software from the terminal, it executes the commands you enter at the system prompts. To configure the software from the terminal: 1.
  • Page 114 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual sence of critical configuration information. Refer to Configuration Configure the Cisco IOS software from Memory To configure the software to execute the commands located in NVRAM or to execute the configuration specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, type this command in privi- leged EXEC mode: configure memory Configure the Cisco IOS software from the Network...
  • Page 115 In this example, the software is configured from the file tokyo-config at IP address 131.108.2.155: Router1# copy tftp running-config Host or network configuration file [host]? IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.2.155 Name of configuration file [tokyo-confg]? Configure using tokyo-confg from 131.108.2.155? [confirm] y Booting tokyo-confg from 131.108.2.155:!!! [OK - 874/16000 bytes] Copy a Configuration File Directly to the Startup...
  • Page 116 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual When the entire boot field equals a value between 0-0-1-0 and 1-1-1-1, the router loads the system image specified by boot sys- tem commands in the startup configuration file. When the startup configuration file does not contain boot system commands, th router loads a default system image stored on a network server.
  • Page 117 Perform the Boot Field Modification Tasks You modify the boot field from the hardware configuration register or the software configuration register, depending on the platform. The hardware configuration register can be changed only on the pro- cessor card or with dual in-line package (DIP) switches located at the back of the router.
  • Page 118 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Router1# show version GS Software, Version 9.0(1) Copyright (c) 1986-1992 by Cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Fri 14-Feb-92 12:37 System Bootstrap, Version 4.3 Router1 uptime is 2 days, 10 hours, 0 minute System restarted by reload System image file is unknown, booted via tftp from 131.108.13.111 Host configuration file is "thor-boots", booted via tftp from 131.108.13.111 Network configuration file is "network-confg", booted via tftp from 131.108.13.111...
  • Page 119 Specify the Startup Configuration File Task List To specify a startup configuration file, perform either the first two tasks or the third task: Download the Network Configuration File Download the Host Configuration Fil Download the Network Configuration File To configure the Cisco IOS software to download a network configu ration file from a server at startup: 1.
  • Page 120 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual the name to all lowercase letters, removing all domain information, and appending -confg. If no host name information is available, the software uses the default host configuration filename router-confg. 1. Enter configuration mode from the terminal. configure terminal 2.

  • Page 121: Store System Images And Configuration Files

    If the network server fails to load a configuration file during startup, it tries again every 1 0minutes (the default setting) until a host provides the requested files. With each failed attempt, the network server dis- plays a message on the console terminal. If the network server is un able to load the specified file, it displays this message: Booting host-confg...
  • Page 122 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 2. Copy the system image from Flash memory to a TFTP server. copy flash tftp 3. When prompted, enter the IP address or domain name of the TFTP server. { ip-address | name } 4. When prompted, enter the filename of the system image in Flash memory.
  • Page 123 no boot system flash configuration command to revert to booting from ROM. For example, you might want to revert to booting from ROM if you do not yet need this functionality, if you choose to boot from a network server, or if you do not have the proper image in Flash memory.

  • Page 124: Perform Startup Tasks

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Perform Startup The startup tasks in this section are optional. Tasks Startup Task List You can perform these optional startup tasks: Partition Flash Memory Using Dual Flash Bank Use Flash Load Helper to Upgrade Software on Run-from-Flash Systems Partition Flash Memory Using Dual Flash Bank Dual Flash bank allows you to partition banks of Flash memory into...
  • Page 125 Flash Load Helper versus Dual Flash Bank You might use Flash load helper rather than dual Flash bank for one of these reasons: You want to download a new file into the same bank from which the current system image is executing. You want to download a file that is larger than the size of a bank, and hence want to switch to a single-bank mode.
  • Page 126 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Unless the image is downloaded as the first file in the first partition, this download must be performed by an image that recognizes relocat- able images. In contrast, a nonrelocatable image is an image that does not recognize relocatable images.
  • Page 127 Partition Flash Memory To partition Flash memory, type the following in global configuration mode: partition flash partitions [ size1 size2 ] This task succeeds only if the system has at least two banks of Flash and if the partitioning does not cause an existing file in Flash memory to be split across the two partitions.
  • Page 128 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Manually Boot from Flash Memory To manually boot the router from Flash memory, perform one of thes tasks in ROM monitor mode: Boot the first bootable file found in any partition. boot {flash | flash flash:} Boot the first bootable file from the specified partition.

  • Page 129: Use Flash Load Helper To Upgrade Software On Run-From-Flash Systems

    Configure the Router to Automatically Boot from Flash Memory To configure the router to boot automatically from Flash memory, per- form one of these tasks in global configuration mode: Boot the first bootable file found in any partition. boot system {flash | flash flash:} Boot the first bootable file from the specified partition.
  • Page 130 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Flash memory. It is a lower-cost software upgrade solution than dual- bank Flash, which requires two banks of Flash memory on one SIMM. The Flash load helper software upgrade process is simple and does not require additional hardware;...
  • Page 131 Allows you to save any configuration changes made before you exit out of the system image. Notifies users logged in to the system of the impending switch to the boot ROM image so that they do not lose their connections un- expectedly.
  • Page 132 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual The system tries to bring up at least the boot ROM image if it cannot boot an image from Flash memory. Before reinitiating the copy tftp flash command, you must set the configuration register boot field to a nonzero value, using th config-register global con- figuration command.
  • Page 133 Enter the name of the destination file: Destination file name [default = source name]? Accessing file `abc/igs-kf.914' on 131.108.1.111... Loading from 131.108.13.111: Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] If you choose to erase Flash memory, the dialog continues. The copy tftp flash operation verifies the request from the running image by trying to copy a single block from the remote TFTP server.
  • Page 134 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual If the configuration was modified but not saved, you are asked to save the configuration: System configuration has been modified. Save? [confirm] If you confirm to save the configuration, you might also receive this message: Warning: Attempting to overwrite an NVRAM configuration previously written by a different version of the system image.

  • Page 135: Manually Load A System Image From Rom Monitor

    Monitor Flash Load Helper To view the system console output generated during the Flash load helper operation, use the image booted up after the Flash memory up- grade. Type this command in privileged EXEC mode: show flh-log If you are a remote Telnet user performing the Flash upgrade without a console connection, this task allows you to retrieve console output when your Telnet connection terminates due to the switch to the ROM image.

  • Page 136: Manually Boot From A Network File

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual In this example, a router is manually booted from Flash memory. Be- cause the optional filename argument is absent, the first file in Flash memory is loaded. > boot flash F3: 1858656+45204+166896 at 0x1000 Booting gs7-k from flash memory RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR [OK - 1903912/13765276 bytes]...

  • Page 137: Manually Boot From Rom

    3. Manually boot the router from a network file. boot filename [ ip-address ] In this example, a router is manually booted from the network fil network1: >boot network1 Manually Boot from ROM To manually boot the router from ROM, complete these steps in EXEC mode: 1.
  • Page 138 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 7-38 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 139: Chapter 8: Ai2524 Protocol Configuration Steps

    Chapter 8: AI2524 Protocol Configuration Steps Introduction This chapter describes the AI2524 protocol configuration steps for th OSPF TCP/IP, IGRP TCP/IP and RIP TCP/IP. AI2524 OSPF Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is an IGP designed expressly for IP networks. OSPF supports IP subnetting and tagging of externally de- TCP/IP rived routing information.

  • Page 140: Enable Ospf

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure Route Calculation Timers Configure OSPF over On-Demand Circuits Enable OSPF To enable OSPF, you must create an OSPF routing process, specify the range of IP addresses to be associated with the routing process, and as- sign area IDs to be associated with that range of IP addresses.

  • Page 141: Configure Ospf Over Different Physical Networks

    6. Set the number of seconds that a device's hello packets must not have been seen before its neighbors declare the OSPF route down. ip ospf dead-interval seconds 7. Assign a specific password to be used by neighboring OSPF rout- ers on a network segment that is using OSPF's simple password authentication.

  • Page 142: Configure Ospf Area Parameters

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure OSPF for Nonbroadcast Networks Because there might be many routers attached to an OSPF network, a designated router is selected for the network. It is necessary to use spe- cial configuration parameters in the designated router selection if broadcast capability is not configured.

  • Page 143: Configure Ospf Not So Stubby Area

    Define an area to be a stub area. area area-id stub [no-summary] Assign a specific cost to the default summary route used for th stub area. area area-id default-cost cost Configure OSPF Not So Stubby Area (NSSA) NSSA area is similar to OSPF stub area. NSSA does not flood Type 5 external link state advertisements (LSAs) from the core into the area, but it can import AS external routes in a limited fashion within the area.

  • Page 144: Implementation Considerations

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Implementation Considerations Before implementing this feature, consider these items: You can set a Type 7 default route that can be used to reach exter- nal destinations. When configured, the router generates a Type 7 default into the NSSA by the NSSA ABR. Every router within the same area must agree that the area is NS- SA;...

  • Page 145: Create Virtual Links

    Create Virtual Links In OSPF, all areas must be connected to a backbone area. If there is break in backbone continuity, or if the backbone is purposefully parti- tioned, you can establish a virtual link. To establish a virtual link, type this command in router configuration mode: area area-id virtual-link router-id [hello- interval seconds ] [retransmit-interval...

  • Page 146: Force The Router Id Choice With A Loopback Interfac

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Force the Router ID Choice with a Loopback Interface OSPF uses the largest IP address configured on the interfaces as its router ID. If the interface associated with this IP address is ever brought down, or if the address is removed, the OSPF process must re- calculate a new router ID and resend all its routing information over its interfaces.

  • Page 147: Configure Route Calculation Timers

    Configure Route Calculation Timers You can configure the delay time between when OSPF receives a to- pology change and when it starts a Shortest Path First (SPF) calcula- tion. You can also configure the hold time between two consecutive SPF calculations. Type this command in router configuration mode: timers spf spf-delay spf-holdtime Configure OSPF over On-Demand Circuits The OSPF on-demand circuit is an enhancement to the OSPF protocol...

  • Page 148: Network Illustration

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Network Illustration This list outlines key features supported in OSPF implementation: Stub areas Route redistribution Authentication Routing/Interface parameters Virtual links NSSA areas OSPF over demand circuit Note: Page 8-10 Definition of stub areas is supported. Routes learned via any IP routing protocol can be redistributed into any other IP routing protocol.

  • Page 149: Ai2524 Igrp Tcp/Ip Configuration Steps

    AI2524 IGRP The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a dynamic distance- vector routing protocol for an autonomous system that contains large, TCP/IP arbitrarily complex networks with diverse bandwidth and delay char- Configuration acteristics. Steps IGRP uses a combination of user-configurable metrics, including in ternetwork delay, bandwidth, reliability, and load.
  • Page 150 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Create the IGRP Routing Process To create the IGRP routing process, perform these required tasks start- ing in global configuration mode: 1. Enable an IGRP routing process, which places you in router con- figuration mode. router igrp process number 2.
  • Page 151 tions limit the number of cases in which load balancing can occur, but ensure that the dynamics of the network will remain stable. These general rules apply to IGRP unequal-cost load balancing: IGRP will accept up to four paths for a given destination network. The local best metric must be greater than the metric learned from the next router;...

  • Page 152: Disable Holddown

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual work performance, however, so ensure that you make all metric ad- justments carefully. Note: To adjust the IGRP metric weights, type this command in router con- figuration mode: metric weights tos k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 By default, the IGRP composite metric is a 24-bit quantity that is a sum of the segment delays and the lowest segment bandwidth (scaled and inverted) for a given route.

  • Page 153: Validate Source Ip Addresses

    Validate Source IP Addresses To disable the default function that validates the source IP addresses of incoming routing updates, type this command in router configura tion mode: no validate-update-source Network Illustration IGRP advertises three types of routes: interior, system, and exterior, as shown in network attached to a router interface.

  • Page 154: Ai2524 Rip Tcp/Ip Configuration

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual AI2524 RIP TCP/ Routing Information Protocol (RIP) uses broadcast User Datagram Protocol (UDP) data packets to exchange routing information. IP Configuration The Cisco IOS software sends routing information updates (advertise- ments) every 30 seconds. If a router does not receive an update from another router for 180 seconds or more, it marks the routes served by the nonupdating router as being unusable.
  • Page 155 information. To define a neighboring router with which to exchange point-to-point routing information, type this command in router con- figuration mode: neighbor ip-address To control the set of interfaces with which to exchange routing up- dates, you can disable the sending of routing updates on specified in terfaces by configuring the passive interface command.
  • Page 156 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Enable RIP Authentication RIP Version 1 does not support authentication. If you are sending and receiving RIP Versio n2 packets, you can enable RIP authentication on an interface. The key chain determines the set of keys that can be used on the inter- face.

  • Page 157: Run Igrp And Rip Concurrently

    Run IGRP and RIP Concurrently It is possible to run IGRP and RIP concurrently. The IGRP informa- tion will override the RIP information by default because of IGRP's administrative distance. Running IGRP and RIP concurrently does not work well when the net- work topology changes.
  • Page 158 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual To define route maps, type this command in global configuration mode: route-map map-tag [permit | deny] [ sequence-number ] By default, the redistribution of default information between IP Enhanced IGRP processes is enabled. To disable the redistribu- tion, type this command in router configuration mode: no default-information {in | out} Page 8-20...

  • Page 159: Chapter 9: Ai2524 Osi/Clnp Configuration Steps

    Chapter 9: AI2524 OSI/CLNP Configuration Steps Introduction This chapter describes how to configure ISO CLNS. The ISO CLNS protocol is a standard for the network layer of the OSI model. ISO CLNS To configure ISO CLNS, you must configure the routing processes, associate addresses with the routing processes, and customize the rout- Configuration ing processes for your particular network.

  • Page 160: Understand Addresses

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Understand Addresses in the ISO network architecture are referred to as NSAP ad- dresses and network entity titles (NETs). Each node in an OSI network Addresses has one or more NETs. In addition, each node has many NSAP ad- dresses.

  • Page 161: Iso Igrp Nsap Address

    The area address uniquely identifies the routing area and the system ID identifies each node. Figure 9-2:Sample Domain and Area Addresses The key difference between the ISO IGRP and IS-IS NSAP addressing schemes is in the definition of area addresses. Both use the system ID for Level 1 routing (routing within an area).

  • Page 162: Is-Is Nsap Address

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual The system ID is the 6 bytes before the N-selector. The N-selector (S) is the last byte of the NSAP address. Cisco's ISO IGRP routing implementation interprets the bytes from the AFI up to (but not including) the area field in the DSP as domai nidentifier.

  • Page 163: Addressing Rules

    The IS-IS routing protocol interprets the bytes from the AFI up to (but not including) the system ID field in the DSP as an area identifier. Th system ID specifies the system. Figure 9-4 mum address size is 20 bytes. Figure 9-4:IS-IS NSAP Addressing Structure Addressing Rules All NSAP addresses must obey these constraints:...

  • Page 164: Addressing Examples

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Addressing Examples Examples of OSI network and GOSIP NSAP addresses using the ISO IGRP implementation are described in the next sections. The OSI network NSAP address format is illustrated as: Domain|Area| System ID| S| 47.0004.004D.0003.0000.0C00.62E6.00 This is an example of the GOSIP NSAP address structure.
  • Page 165 This table shows a sample static routing table in which the nexthop NETs are listed for completeness, but are not necessary to understand the routing algorithm. Entry This table offers examples of how the longest matching NSAP prefix can be matched with routing table entries in the table above. 47.0005.000c.0001.0000.3456.01 47.0005.000c.0001.6789.2345.01 47.0004.1234.1234.1234.1234.01...

  • Page 166: Understand Routing Processes

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Understand The basic function of a router is to forward packets: receive a packet in one interface and send it out another (or the same) interface to the Routing Processes proper destination. All routers do this by looking up the destination ad- dress in a table.

  • Page 167: Static Routing

    routing ISO IGRP; it can be configured to be Level 1 only, Level2 only, or both Level 1 and Leve l2 when routing IS-IS. ESs communicate with ISs using the ES-IS protocol. Lev el1 and Level 2 ISs communicate with each other using either ISO IS-IS or Cisco's ISO IGRP protocol.

  • Page 168: Configure Iso Igrp Dynamic Routing

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure ISO The ISO IGRP is a dynamic distance-vector routing protocol designed by Cisco for routing an autonomous system that contains large, arbi- IGRP Dynamic trarily complex networks with diverse bandwidth and delay character- Routing istics.

  • Page 169: Example: Dynamic Routing Within The Same Area

    You can assign a meaningful name for the routing process by using the tag option. You can also specify a name for a NET in addition to an address. For information on how to assign a name, see cut NSAP You can configure an interface to advertise L evel2 information only.

  • Page 170: Example: Dynamic Routing In More Than One Are

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 2. Configure the net for the process in area 2, doma in47.0004.004d: net 47.0004.004d.0002.0000.0C00.0506.00 3. Specify iso-igrp routing using the previously specified tag castor : interface ethernet 0 clns router iso-igrp castor 4. Specify iso-igrp routing using the previously specified tag castor : interface ethernet 1 clns router iso-igrp castor 5.

  • Page 171: Example: Dynamic Routing In Overlapping Areas

    1. Define a tag orion for the routing process: router iso-igrp orion 2. Configure the net for the process in area 1, doma in47.0004.004d: net 47.0004.004d.0001.212223242526.00 3. Specify iso-igrp routing using the previously specified tag orion: interface ethernet 0 clns router iso-igrp orion 4.
  • Page 172 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 4. Configure the NET for the process in area 4, domai n47.0004.004d: net 47.0004.004d.0004.0000.0C00.0506.00 5. Specify iso-igrp routing on interface ethernet 0 using the tag cap- ricorn: interface ethernet 0 clns router iso-igrp capricorn 6. Specify iso-igrp routing on interface ethernet 1 using the tags cap- ricorn and cancer: interface ethernet 1 clns router iso-igrp capricorn...

  • Page 173: Example: Dynamic Interdoma Inrouting

    Example: Dynamic Interdomain R outing Figure 9-7 three domains that are to be transparently connected. Figure 9-7:CLNS Dynamic Interdomain R outing Router Chicago This configuration shows how to configure Router Chicago for dy- namic interdomai nrouting: 1. Define a tag A for the routing process: router iso-igrp A 2.
  • Page 174 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 4. Define a tag B for the routing process: router iso-igrp B 5. Configure the NET for the process in area 3, domai n47.0006.0200: net 47.0006.0200.0003.0102.0104.0506.00 6. Redistribute iso-igrp routing information througho u t domainB: redistribute iso-igrp A 7.

  • Page 175: Configure Iso Igrp Parameters

    Router Detroit This configuration shows how to configure Router Detroit for dynamic interdomainrouting. Comment lines have been eliminated from this example to avoid redundancy. router iso-igrp B net 47.0006.0200.0004.0102.0104.0506.00 redistribute iso-igrp C router iso-igrp C net 47.0008.0200.0005.0102.01040.506.00 redistribute iso-igrp B interface serial 0 clns router iso-igrp B interface serial 1...
  • Page 176 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Warning: Adjusting the ISO IGRP metric can dramatically affect You can use different metrics for the ISO IGRP routing protocol on CLNS. In router configuration mode, configure the metric constants used in the ISO IGRP composite metric calculation of reliability and load: metric weights qos k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 Two additional ISO IGRP metrics can be configured: the bandwidth...

  • Page 177: Configure Is-Is Dynamic Routing

    Disable split horizon for ISO IGRP updates. no clns split-horizon The default for all LAN interfaces is for split horizon to be enabled; the default for WAN interfaces on X.25, Frame Relay, or SMDS net- works is for split horizon to be disabled. Configure IS-IS IS-IS is a dynamic routing specification described in ISO 10589.

  • Page 178: Examples: Is-Is Routing Configuration

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 2. Configure the NET for the routing process. You can assign a meaningful name for the routing process by using the tag option. You can also specify a name for a NET in addition to an address.
  • Page 179 4. Enable IS-IS routing on ethernet 1: interface ethernet 1 clns router isis 5. Enable IS-IS routing on serial 0: interface serial 0 clns router isis Level2 Routing Only This example illustrates a similar configuration, featuring a single area address being used for specification of Level 1 and Level2 routing. However, in this case, interface serial interface 0 is configured for Level 2 routing only.
  • Page 180 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 2. Router is in areas 47.0004.004d.0001 and 47.0004.004d.0011: net 47.0004.004d.0001.0000.0c11.1111.00 net 47.0004.004d.0011.0000.0c11.1111.00 3. Enable the router to operate as a station router and an interare router: is-type level-1-2 interface ethernet 0 clns router isis area1 4.

  • Page 181: Assign Multiple Area Addresses To Is-Is Areas

    tag of remote-domain. Most comment lines have been eliminated from this example to avoid redundancy. router isis net 39.0001.0001.0000.0c00.1111.00 1. Redistribute iso-igrp routing information throughout remote-do- main: redistribute iso-igrp remote-domai n router iso-igrp remote-domain net 39.0002.0001.0000.0c00.1111.00 2. Redistribute IS-IS routing information: redistribute isis interface ethernet 0 clns router isis...

  • Page 182: Examples: Nets Configuration

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual You must statically assign the multiple area addresses on the router. You can assign up to three area addresses on the AI2524. The number of areas allowed in a doma inis unlimited. All the addresses must have the same system ID. For example, you can assign one address (area1 plus system ID), and two additional ad- dresses in different areas (area2 plus system ID and area3 plus system ID) where the system ID is the same.

  • Page 183: Example: Router In Two Areas

    The use of this net router configuration command configures the sys- tem ID, area address, and d omainaddress. Only a single NET per rout- ing process is allowed. router iso-igrp local net 49.0001.0000.0c00.1111.00 IS-IS This example illustrates specifying a single NET: router isis Pieinthesky net 47.0004.004d.0001.0000.0c11.1111.00 This example illustrates using a name for a NET:...
  • Page 184 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual ISO IGRP In this example, the router is in domai n49.0001 and has a system ID of aaaa.aaaa.aaaa. The router is in two areas: 31 and 40 (decimal). ure 9-8 Figure 9-8:ISO IGRP Configuration router iso-igrp test-proc1 001F in this example net is the hex value for area 31: net 49.0001.001F.aaaa.aaaa.aaaa.00 router iso-igrp test-proc2...

  • Page 185: Configure Is-Is Parameters

    IS-IS To run IS-IS instead of ISO IGRP, use this configuration. The illustra- tion in IS-IS routing and is assigned the tag of test-proc2. router iso-igrp test-proc1 net 49.0002.0002.bbbb.bbbb.bbbb.00 router isis test-proc2 net 49.0001.0002.aaaa.aaaa.aaaa.00 interface ethernet 1 clns router iso-igrp test-proc1 interface serial 2 clns router iso-igrp test-proc1 interface ethernet 2...
  • Page 186 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Specify Router-Lev elSupport It is seldom necessary to configure the IS type because the IS-IS pro- tocol will automatically establish this. However, you can configure th AI2524 to act as a Le vel1 (intra-area) router, as both a Level1 router and a Leve l2 (interarea) router, or as an interarea router only.
  • Page 187 Log Adjacency State Changes You can configure IS-IS to generate a log message when an IS-IS ad jacency changes state (up or down). This may be useful when monitor- ing large networks. Messages are logged using the system error message facility. Messages are in this form: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to 0000.0000.0034 (Serial0) Up, new adjacency %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to 0000.0000.0034 (Serial0) Down, hold time expired...

  • Page 188: Configure Is-Is Interface Parameters

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure IS-IS Interface Parameters Cisco's IS-IS implementation allows you to customize certain inter- face-specific IS-IS parameters: Adjust IS-IS Link-State Metrics Set the Advertised Hello Interval and Hello Multiplier Set the Advertised CSNP Interval Set the Retransmission Interval Specify Designated Router Election Specify the Interface Circuit Type Configure IS-IS Authentication Passwords...
  • Page 189 quickly a failed link or neighbor is detected so that routes can be recal- culated. In interface configuration mode, set the advertised hello interval and multiplier: 1. Specify the length of time, in seconds, between hello packets th software sends on the specified interface. isis hello-interval seconds {level-1 | level-2} 2.
  • Page 190 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Set the Retransmission Interval In interface configuration mode, configure the number of seconds be tween retransmission of LSPs for point-to-point links. isis retransmit-interval seconds The value you specify should be an integer greater than the expected round-trip delay between any two routers on the network.

  • Page 191: Configure Clns Static Routing

    Configure IS-IS Password Authentication You can assign different authentication passwords for different rout- ing levels. By default, authentication is disabled. Specifying Lev el1 or Level 2 enables the password only for Le vel1 or L evel2 routing, re- spectively. If you do not specify a level, the default is Le vel1. In interface configuration mode, configure an authentication password for an interface: isis password password {level-1 | level-2}...

  • Page 192: Examples: Basic Static Routing

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Warning: If you have not configured the router to route CLNS pack- You also must enable ISO CLNS for each interface you want to pass ISO CLNS packet traffic to end systems, but for which you do not want to perform any dynamic routing on the interface.
  • Page 193 3. Pass ISO CLNS traffic on ethernet 0 to end systems without rout- ing: interface ethernet 0 clns enable 4. Pass ISO CLNS traffic on serial 0 to end systems without routing: interface serial 0 clns enable 5. Create a static route for the interface: clns route 47.0004.004d.0099 serial 0 clns route 47.0005 serial 0 Example 2...

  • Page 194: Example: Static Intradoma Inrouting

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual clns host sid 39.0001.1111.1111.1111.00 clns host bar 39.0002.2222.2222.2222.00 1. Assign a static address for the router: clns net sid 2. Enable CLNS packets to be routed: clns routing 3. Pass ISO CLNS packet traffic to end systems without routing them: interface ethernet 0 clns enable...
  • Page 195 Figure 9-10:CLNS X.25 Intradomain Routing This example shows one way to configure the router in Chicago: 1. Define the name chicago to be used in place of this NSAP: clns host chicago 47.0004.0050.0001.0000.0c00.243b.00 2. Define the name detroit to be used in place of this NSAP: clns host detroit 47.0004.0050.0002.0000.0c00.1e12.00 3.

  • Page 196: Example: Static Interdoma Inrouting

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 6. Set the interface up as a DTE with X.25 encapsulation: interface serial 0 encapsulation x25 x25 address 1111 x25 nvc 4 7. Specify iso-igrp routing using the specified tag sales: clns router iso-igrp sales 8.
  • Page 197 Figure 9-11:CLNS Interdomain S tatic Routing Router A This configuration shows how to configure Router A for stati interdomainrouting: 1. Define tag orion for net 47.0006.0200.0100.0102.0304.0506.00: router iso-igrp orion 2. Configure this network entity title for the routing process: net 47.0006.0200.0100.0102.0304.0506.00 3.
  • Page 198 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 5. Pass ISO CLNS traffic to end systems without routing: interface serial 1 clns enable 6. Configure a static route to Router B: clns route 39.0001 bar Router B This configuration shows how to configure Router B for static interdomainrouting: router iso-igrp pleiades 1.

  • Page 199: Configure Variations Of The Static Route

    5. Pass packets bound for sid in dom ain47.0006.0200 through serial clns route 47.0006.0200 sid CLNS routing updates will not be sent on the serial link; however, CLNS packets will be sent and received over the serial link. Configure Variations of the Static Route These tasks include variations of the clns route global configura- tion command: Bind the next hop to a specified interface and media address when...
  • Page 200 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual ES-IS protocol. The router dynamically discovers all ESs running the ES-IS protocol. ESs that are not running the ES-IS protocol must be configured statically. It is sometimes desirable for a router to have a neighbor configured statically rather than learned through ES-IS, ISO IGRP, or IS-IS.

  • Page 201: Configure Miscellaneous Features

    Configure Perform these optional tasks to configure miscellaneous features of an ISO CLNS network: Miscellaneous Features Specify Shortcut NSAP Addresses Use the IP Domain Name System to Discover ISO CLNS Ad dresses Create Packet-Forwarding Filters and Establish Adjacencies Redistribute Routing Information Specify Preferred Routes Configure ES-IS Hello Packet Parameters Specify Shortcut NSAP Addresses...

  • Page 202: Use The Ip Domain Name System To Discover Iso Clns Addresses

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Use the IP DomainNa me System to Discover ISO CLNS Addresses If your router has both ISO CLNS and IP enabled, you can use the Domain Naming System (DNS) to query ISO CLNS addresses by using the NSAP address type, as documented in RFC 1348.

  • Page 203: Examples: Clns Filter

    2. In interface configuration mode, apply filter expressions to an in- terface: Apply a filter expression to frames forwarded in or out of an inter- face. clns access-group name [in | out] Apply a filter expression to ISIS adjacencies. isis adjacency-filter name [match-all] Apply a filter expression to ISO IGRP adjacencies.
  • Page 204 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Specify the routing protocol and tag (if applicable) into which you want to distribute routing information. router iso-igrp [ tag ] Specify one or more ISO IGRP routing protocol and tag (if appli- cable) you want to redistribute. redistribute iso-igrp [ tag ] [route-map map- tag ] Specify the IS-IS routing protocol and tag (if applicable) you want...
  • Page 205 route-map command. The set commands specify the redistribu- tion set actions—the particular redistribution actions to perform if th criteria enforced by th match commands are met. When all matc criteria are met, all set actions are performed The match route-map configuration command has multiple for- mats.

  • Page 206: Examples: Route Map

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Set the metric value to give the redistributed routes. set metric metric-value Set the metric type to give the redistributed routes. set metric-type {internal | external} Set the tag value to associate with the redistributed routes. set tag tag-value Examples: Route Map This example redistributes two types of routes into the integrated IS-IS...

  • Page 207: Specify Preferred Routes

    router isis redistribute rip route-map ourmap redistribute iso-igrp remote route-map ourmap route-map ourmap permit match ip address 1 match clns address ourprefix set metric 5 set level level-2 access-list 1 permit 160.89.0.0 0.0.255.255 clns filter-set ourprefix permit 49.0001.0002... Specify Preferred Routes When multiple routing processes are running in the same router for CLNS, it is possible for the same route to be advertised by more than one routing process.
  • Page 208 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual ES hello packets and IS hello packets are sent without options. Op- tions in received packets are ignored. ISs and ESs periodically send out hello packets to advertise their avail- ability. The frequency of these hello packets can be configured. The recipient of a hello packet creates an adjacency entry for the sys- tem that sent it.

  • Page 209: Example: Iso Clns Over X.25

    Configure CLNS This section provides general information about running ISO CLNS over WANs. over WANs You can use CLNS routing on serial interfaces with HDLC, PPP, LAPB, X.25, Frame Relay, DDR, or SMDS encapsulation. To use HDLC encapsulation, you must have a router at both ends of the link. If you use X.25 encapsulation, and if IS-IS or ISO IGRP is not used on an interface, you must manually enter the NSAP-to-X.121 address mapping.
  • Page 210 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Figure 9-12:Routers Acting as DTEs and DCEs Router A router iso-igrp test-proc net 49.0001.aaaa.aaaa.aaaa.00 interface serial 1 clns router iso-igrp test-proc 1. Assume the host is a DTE and encapsulates x.25: encapsulation x25 2. Define the X.121 address of 31101 for serial 1: X25 address 31101 3.

  • Page 211: Enhance Iso Clns Performance

    Router B router iso-igrp test-proc net 49.0001.bbbb.bbbb.bbbb.00 interface serial 2 clns router iso-igrp test-proc 1. Configure this side as a DCE: encapsulation x25-dce 2. Define the X.121 address of 31102 for serial 2: X25 address 31102 3. Configure the NSAP of Router A and accept reverse charges: x25 map clns 31101 broadcast accept-reverse Enhance ISO Generally, you do not need to change the router's default settings for...

  • Page 212: Disable Checksums

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Specify the MTU Size All interfaces have a default maximum packet size. However to reduc fragmentation, you can set the MTU size of the packets sent on the in- terface. The minimum value is 512; the default and maximum packet size depends on the interface type.

  • Page 213: Set The Congestion Threshold

    Set the Congestion Threshold If a router configured for CLNS experiences congestion, it sets the congestion-experienced bit. You can set the congestion threshold on a per-interface basis. By setting this threshold, you cause the system to set the congestion-experienced bit if the output queue has more than the specified number of packets in it.

  • Page 214: Configure Parameters For Locally Sourced Packets

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure Parameters for Locally Sourced Packets In global configuration mode, configure parameters for packets origi- nated by a specified router: Specify in seconds the initial lifetime for locally generated pack- ets. clns packet-lifetime seconds Specify whether to request ERPDUs on packets originated by the router.

  • Page 215: Monitor And Maintain The Iso Clns Network

    Monitor and Use these EXEC commands to monitor and maintain the ISO CLNS caches, tables, and databases: Maintain the ISO CLNS Network Clear and reinitialize the CLNS routing cache. clear clns cache Remove ES neighbor information from the adjacency database. clear clns es-neighbors Remove IS neighbor information from the adjacency database.
  • Page 216 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Display both ES and IS neighbors. show clns neighbors [ type number ] [detail] List the protocol-specific information for each IS-IS or ISO IGRP routing process in this router. show clns protocol [ domain | area-tag ] Display all the destinations to which this router knows how to route packets.

  • Page 217: Configure Tarp On Iso Clns

    Configure TARP Some applications (typically used by telephone companies) running on Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) devices identify these de- on ISO CLNS vices by a target identifier (TID). Therefore, it is necessary for the router to cache TID-to-network address mappings. Because these ap plications usually run over OSI, the network addresses involved in the mapping are OSI NSAPs.

  • Page 218: Tarp Configuration Task List

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual TARP Configuration Task List To configure TARP on the router, complete these tasks (only the first task is required, all other tasks are optional): Enable TARP and Configure a TARP TID Disable TARP Caching Disable TARP PDU Origination and Propagation Configure Multiple NSAP Addresses Configure Static TARP Adjacency and Blacklist Adjacency Determine TIDs and NSAPs...
  • Page 219 Disable TARP Caching By default, TID-to-NSAP address mappings are stored in the TID cache. Disabling this capability clears the TID cache. Re-enabling this capability restores any previously cleared local entry and all static en- tries. In global configuration mode, disable TID-to-NSAP address mapping in the TID cache: no tarp allow-caching Disable TARP PDU Origination and Propagation...
  • Page 220 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual that may not have TARP running, TARP provides a static TARP adja- cency capability. Static adjacencies are maintained in a special queue. In global configuration mode, create a static TARP adjacency: tarp route-static nsap To stop TARP from propagating PDUs to an IS-IS/ES-IS adjacency that may not have TARP running, TARP provides a blacklist adja- cency capability.

  • Page 221: Configure Tarp Timers

    Configure TARP Timers TARP timers provide default values and typically do not need to be changed. The amount of time that the router waits to receive a response from a Type 1 PDU, a Type 2 PDU, and a Type 5 PDU can be configured. In addition, you can also configure the PDU's lifetime based on the num- ber of hops.

  • Page 222: Configure Miscellaneous Tarp Pdu Information

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure Miscellaneous TARP PDU Information TARP default PDU values typically do not need to be changed. You can configure the sequence number of the TARP PDU, set the up- date remote cache bit used to control whether the remote router up dates its cache, specify the N-selector used in the PDU to indicate TARP PDU, and specify the network protocol type used in outgoing PDUs.

  • Page 223: Examples: Tarp Configuration

    List all adjacencies that are blacklisted (that is, adjacencies that will not receive propagated TARP PDUs). show tarp blacklisted-adjacencies Display information about a specific TARP router stored in the lo- cal TID cache. show tarp host tid List all interfaces on the router that have TARP enabled. show tarp interface [ type number ] Display the contents of the loop detection buffer table.
  • Page 224 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Complex TARP Configuration Example Figure 9-13 and on interface Ethernet 0 and assign the TID myname. A static rout is created from Router A (49.0001.1111.1111.00) to Router D (49.0004.1234.1234.1234.00) so that Router D can receive TARP PDUs because Router C in not TARP capable.

  • Page 225: Chapter 10: Serial Interface Configuration Steps

    Chapter 10: Serial Interface Configuration Steps Introduction This chapter describes how to configure synchronous serial interfaces. Configure the The synchronous serial interfaces are configured to allow connection to WANs. Once the Ethernet or Token Ting port on your router has Synchronous been configured, complete these steps to configure the synchronous Serial Interfaces...
  • Page 226 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 3. Configure the second synchronous serial interface, for example: Configuring interface Serial 1: Is this interface in use? [yes]: Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? [no]: IP address for this interface: 172.16.74.2 Number of bits in subnet field [8]: Class B network is 172.16.0.0, 8 subnet bits;...

  • Page 227: Chapter 11: Ai2524 Sync Ppp Configuration Steps

    Chapter 11: AI2524 Sync PPP Configuration Steps Introduction This chapter describes how to enable PPP encapsulation and perform a variety of PPP configuration tasks. Configuration The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), described in RFCs 1661 and 1332, encapsulates network layer protocol information over point-to-point Overview links.

  • Page 228: Ppp Configuration Task List

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual PPP Configuration Task List To configure PPP on a serial interface, you must enable PPP encapsu- lation. You can also complete these tasks; these tasks are optional but offer variety of uses and enhancements for PPP on your systems and net- works: Enable CHAP or PAP Authentication Enable Link Quality Monitoring (LQM)
  • Page 229 Enable PPP You can enable PPP on serial lines to encapsulate IP and other network protocol datagrams in interface configuration mode: Encapsulation encapsulation ppp PPP echo requests are used as keepalives to minimize disruptions to the end users of your network. The no keepalive command can be used to disable echo requests.
  • Page 230 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual the response and looking up the required host name or username. The secret passwords must be identical on the remote device and the local router. By transmitting this response, the secret is never transmitted in clear text, preventing other devices from stealing it and gaining illegal ac- cess to the system.
  • Page 231 4. In interface configuration mode, configure Terminal Access Con- troller Access Control System (TACACS) on a specific interface as an alternative to global host authentication: ppp use-tacacs [single-line] aaa authentication ppp Use the ppp use-tacacs command with TACACS and Ex- tended TACACS.

  • Page 232: Enable Link Quality Monitoring (Lqm)

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 3. Configure Router zzz. hostname zzz interface serial 0 encapsulation ppp ppp authentication chap username xxx password secretxz username yyy password secretzy When you look at the configuration file, the passwords will be en crypted and the display will look similar to: hostname xxx interface serial 0 encapsulation ppp...

  • Page 233: Configure Automatic Detection Of Encapsulation Type

    Configure You can enable a serial or ISDN interface to accept calls and dynami- cally change the encapsulation on the interface when the remote de- Automatic vice does not signal the call type. For example, if an ISDN call does Detection of not identify the call type in the Lower Layer Compatibility fields and Encapsulation...

  • Page 234: Configure Ip Address Pooling

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 2. Enable compression. ppp compress [predictor | stac] Configure IP Point-to-point interfaces must be able to provide a remote node with its IP address through the IP Control Protocol (IPCP) address negotia- Address Pooling tion process. The IP address can be: Configured through the command lin Entered with an EXEC-level command Provided by TACACS+, DHCP, or from a locally administered...

  • Page 235: Precedence Rules

    Default IP address. The peer default ip address com- mand and the member peer default ip address com- mand can be used to define default peer IP addresses. TACACS+ assigned IP address. During the authorization phase of IPCP address negotiation, TACACS+ can return an IP address that can be used by the user being authenticated on a dial-up interface.

  • Page 236: Interfaces Affected

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 4. Address from an EXEC-level PPP or SLIP command or from a chat script 5. Configured address from the peer default ip address command or address from the protocol translate command 6. Peer provided address from IPCP negotiation (not accepted unless no other address exists) Interfaces Affected IP address pooling is available on all asynchronous serial, synchro...
  • Page 237 Define DHCP as the Global Default Mechanism The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) specifies these components: A DHCP server. A host-based DHCP server configured to accept and process requests for temporary IP addresses. A DHCP proxy-client. An access server configured to arbitrate DHCP calls between the DHCP server and the DHCP client.
  • Page 238 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure Per-Interface IP Address Assignment When you have defined a global default mechanism for assigning IP addresses to dial-in peers, you can then configure the few interfaces for which it is important to have a nondefault configuration. You can do any of these: 1.

  • Page 239: Configure Ppp Callback

    Create one or more local IP address pools. ip local pool {default | poolname { begin- ip-address-range [ end-ip-address-range ]}} (Optional) Enter interface configuration mode. interface async number (Optional) If you want an interface to use an address pool other than default, specify which pool each interface uses.

  • Page 240: Configure A Router As A Callback Client

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure a Router as a Callback Client Beginning in global configuration mode, configure a router interface as a callback client: 1. Specify the interface. interface serial number 2. Enable DDR. Set parity on synchronous serial interfaces and asyn- chronous interfaces.

  • Page 241: Configure A Router As A Callback Serve

    Configure a Router as a Callback Server Beginning in global configuration mode, configure a router as a call back server: 1. Specify the interface and enter interface configuration mode. interface serial number 2. Enable DDR. Set parity on synchronous serial interfaces and asyn- chronous interfaces.

  • Page 242: Example: Ppp Callback Server

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 12. Configure a dialer map class as a callback server. dialer callback-server [ username ] The enable timer default is 15 seconds. The time between the initial call and the return call can be improved by reducing this number, but care should be taken to ensure that the initial call is completely discon- nected before the timer expires.

  • Page 243: Disable Or

    Disable or The Cisco IOS software automatically creates neighbor routes by de- fault; that is, it automatically sets up a route to the peer address on Reenable Peer point-to-point interface when the PPP IPCP negotiation is completed. Neighbor Routes In interface configuration mode, disable this default behavior o reenable it once it has been disabled: Disable creation of neighbor routes.
  • Page 244 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Figure11-1: Router Serial Interface Configured as a Half- Bridge Note: Beginning in global configuration mode, configure a serial interface to function as a half-bridge: 1. Specify the interface and enter interface configuration mode. interface serial number 2.

  • Page 245: Configure Multilink Ppp

    Configure Multilink PPP (MLP) provides load balancing over multiple WAN links, while providing multivendor interoperability, packet fragmenta- Multilink PPP tion and proper sequencing, and load calculation on both inbound and outbound traffic. Multilink PPP allows packets to be fragmented and the fragments to be sent at the same time over multiple point-to-point links to the sam remote address.

  • Page 246: Configure Multilink Ppp On A Single Isdn Bri Interface

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual using V.34 modems. However, packets might be dropped occasionally if the MTU is small or if large bursts of short frames occur. Beginning in global configuration mode, configure a dialer interface to support PPP encapsulation and Multilink PPP: 1.
  • Page 247 4. (Optional) Specify a dialer idle timeout. dialer idle-timeout seconds 5. Specify the dialer load threshold for bringing up additional WAN links. dialer load-threshold load 6. Configure the ISDN interface to call the remote site. dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname ] [spc] [speed 56 | 64] [broadcast] [ dial-string [: isdn-subaddress ]] 7.

  • Page 248: Example: Multilink Ppp On One Isdn Interfac

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Example: Multilink PPP on One ISDN Interface This example enables Multilink PPP on the BRI 0 interface. Because an ISDN interface is a rotary group by default, when one BRI is con- figured, no dialer rotary group configuration is required. interface bri 0 description connected to ntt 81012345678902 ip address 7.1.1.7 255.255.255.0...
  • Page 249 6. Map the next-hop protocol address and name to the dial string needed to reach it. dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname ] [spc] [speed 56 | 64] [broadcast] [ dial-string [: isdn-subaddress ]] 7. Specify the dialer load threshold, using the same threshold as the individual BRI interfaces.
  • Page 250 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 6. Specify the dialer load threshold for bringing up additional WAN links. dialer load-threshold load Repeat Steps 1 through 6 for each BRI you want to belong to the same dialer rotary group. When Multilink PPP is configured and you want a multilink bundle to be connected indefinitely, use the dialer idle-timeout com- mand to set a very high idle timer.

  • Page 251: Example: Multilink Ppp On Multiple Isdn Interfaces

    Example: Multilink PPP on Multiple ISDN Interfaces This example configures multiple ISDN BRIs to belong to the same di- aler rotary group for Multilink PPP. Th dialer rotary-group command is used to assign each of the ISDN BRIs to that dialer rotary group.

  • Page 252: Configure Virtual Private Dial-Up Networks

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure Virtual Virtual private dial-up networks (VDPN) allow separate and autono- mous protocol domains to share common access infrastructure includ- Private Dial-up ing modems, access servers, and ISDN routers. VPDN uses the Level Networks 2 Forwarding protocol (L2F) which permits the tunneling of link level frames.
  • Page 253 Note: Complete these steps to create a a VPDN connection between a remote user and the home LAN: 1. The remote user initiates a PPP connection to the ISP using the an- alog telephone system or ISDN. 2. The ISP network access server accepts the connection. 3.
  • Page 254 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Figure 11-2: Configure a Virtual Template and Create a Vir- tual Template Interface on the Home Gateway Beginning in global configuration mode, configure a virtual templat for interfaces on a home gateway access server: 1. Specify a default local IP address pool. ip local pool default ip-address 2.

  • Page 255: Configure Incoming Vpdn Connections On The Home Gateway

    Configure Incoming VPDN Connections on the Home Gateway In global configuration mode, configure virtual private dialup net- working on a home gateway router or access server: 1. Enable virtual private networking. vpdn enable 2. Specify the remote host, the local name to use for authenticating, and the virtual template to use.

  • Page 256: Example: Nas Servicing Multiple Domains To The Same Gateway

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Gateway1—Domain1 vpdn enable vpdn incoming nas1 gateway1 virtual-template 1 interface virtual-template 1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 ppp authentication chap Gateway2—Domain2 vpdn enable vpdn incoming nas2 gateway2 virtual-template 1 int virtual-template 1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 ppp authentication chap Example: NAS Servicing Multiple Domains to the Same Gateway This example provides configurations for one NAS and one Gateway...

  • Page 257: Example: Using Tacacs+ For Forwarding From The Nas

    Gateway 1 vpdn incoming nas1 gateway virtual-template 1 vpdn incoming nas2 gateway virtual-template 2 interface virtual-template 1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 peer default ip address pool domain1-pool ppp authentication chap interface virtual-template 2 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 peer default ip address pool domain2-pool ppp authentication chap Example: Using TACACS+ for Forwarding from the NAS This example provides configurations for an NAS and a public domain...

  • Page 258: Enable Ppp On Vty Lines For Asynchronous Access Over Isdn

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Enable PPP on You can configure a router to support asynchronous access over ISDN by globally enabling PPP on VTY lines. PPP is typically enabled on VTY Lines for synchronous or asynchronous serial interfaces; however, the Cisco Asynchronous IOS software permits you to configure PPP on VTY lines.

  • Page 259: Chapter 12: Ai2524 X.25 Configuration Steps

    Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Configuration Steps Introduction This chapter describes how to configure connections through X.25 networks and Link Access Procedure Balanced (LAPB) connections. This section also describes how to create X.29 access lists and profile scripts. For users who only want to configure a simple, reliable serial encapsulation method, se X.25 X.25 Configuration Task List...

  • Page 260: Configure Interface

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Note: Configure To configure an X.25 interface, perform these tasks: Interface Set the X.25 Mode Set the Virtual Circuit Ranges Set the Packet Numbering Modulo Set the X.121 Address Set the Default Flow Control Values These tasks describe the parameters that are essential for correct X.25 behavior.
  • Page 261 Set the Virtual Circuit Ranges The X.25 protocol maintains multiple connections over one physical link between a DTE and a DCE. These connections are called virtual circuits or Logical Channels (LCs). X.25 can maintain up to 4095 vir- tual circuits numbered 1 through 4095. You identify an individual vir- tual circuit by giving its Logical Channel Identifier (LCI) or Virtual Circuit Number (VCN).

  • Page 262: Example: Virtual Circuit Ranges

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual used to prevent one side from monopolizing the virtual circuits, and is useful for X.25 interfaces with a small total number of SVCs available. Six X.25 parameters define the upper and lower limit of each of th three SVC ranges.

  • Page 263: Set The Packet Numbering Modulo

    x25 lic 5 x25 hic 20 x25 ltc 25 Set the Packet Numbering Modulo The AI2524 implementation of X.25 supports both modulo 8 and mod- ulo 128 packet sequence numbering; module 8 is the default. In interface configuration mode, set the packet numbering modulo: x25 modulo {8 | 128} Note: The X.25 modulo and the LAPB modulo are distinct and serve differ-...

  • Page 264: Set The Default Flow Control Values

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Set the Default Flow Control Values Because X.25 is a strongly flow-controlled protocol, setting correct default flow control parameters for window size and packet size is es- sential. Mismatched default flow control values will cause X.25 local procedure errors, evidenced by Clear and Reset events.

  • Page 265: Example: Typical X.25 Configuration

    maximum packet sizes. PVCs also use these default values unless dif- ferent values are configured. In interface configuration mode, set the default input and output max- imum packet sizes: 1. Set the default input maximum packet size. x25 ips bytes 2.
  • Page 266 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual interface serial 2 ip address 172.25.9.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation X25 The bandwidth command is not part of the X.25 configuration; it is es- pecially important to understand that it does not have any connection with the X.25 entity of the same name. bandwidth commands are used by IP routing processes (currently only IGRP) to determine which lines are the best choices for traffic.

  • Page 267: Configure The X.25 Level 3 Timers

    These commands configure the X.25 map. If you want to exchange routing updates with any of the routers, they would need broadcast flags. If the X.25 network is the only path to the routers, static routes are generally used to save on packet charges. If there is a redundant path, it might be desirable to run a dynamic routing protocol.
  • Page 268 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Set DCE T10 Restart Indication. x25 t10 seconds Set DTE T21 Call Request. x25 t21 seconds Set DCE T11 Incoming Call. x25 t11 seconds Set DTE T22 Reset Request. x25 t22 seconds Set DCE T12 Reset Indication. x25 t12 seconds Set DTE T23 Clear Request.
  • Page 269 destination of a received call if the destination address matches the in- terface's address. The AI2524 X.25 software can also route X.25 calls, which involves placing and accepting calls, but the router is neither the source nor the destination for these calls. Routing X.25 does not modify the source or destination addresses, thus preserving the addresses specified by the source host.

  • Page 270: Establish A Default Virtual Circuit Protocol

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Suppress or Replace the Calling Address Some attachments require that no calling (source) address be presented in outgoing calls. The requirement is called suppressing the calling ad- dress. When attached to a PDN, X.25 may need to ensure that outgoing calls only use the assigned X.121 address for the calling (source) address.

  • Page 271: Disable Packet-Level Protocol (Plp) Restarts

    Disable Packet-Level Protocol (PLP) Restarts By default, a PLP restart is performed when the link level resets (for example, when LAPB reconnects). Although PLP restarts can be dis- abled for those few networks that do not allow restarts, do not disable these restarts because doing so can cause anomalous packet layer be- havior.

  • Page 272: Configure Subinterfaces

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Perform these tasks, as necessary, to complete the X.25 configuration for your network needs: Configure Subinterfaces Map Protocol Addresses to X.121 Addresses Establish an Encapsulation PVC Set X.25 TCP/IP Header Compression Configure X.25 Bridging These sections describe how to perform these configuration tasks. Configure Subinterfaces Subinterfaces are virtual interfaces that can be used to connect several networks to each other through a single physical interface.
  • Page 273 tination host defined for the protocol. Because only one destination is defined for the interface, the routing process need not consult the des- tination address in the datagrams. A multipoint subinterface is used to connect hosts for a given protocol. There is no restriction on the number of encapsulation commands that can be configured on a multipoint subinterface.

  • Page 274: Example: Point-To-Point Subinterface Configuration

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Note: Example: Point-to-Point Subinterface Configuration This example creates a point-to-point subinterface and maps IP to a re- mote host: interface Serial0.1 point-to-point x25 map ip 172.20.170.90 170090 broadcast Map Protocol Addresses to X.121 Addresses This section describes the X.25 single-protocol and multiprotocol en- capsulation options that are available and describes how to map proto- col addresses to an X.121 address for a remote host.
  • Page 275 Understand Protocol Identification The various methods and protocols used in X.25 SVC encapsulation are identified in a specific field of the call packet; this field is defined by X.25 to carry CUD. Since PVCs do not use the X.25 call setup pro- cedures, only PVCs do not use CUD to identify their encapsulation.

  • Page 276: Map Datagram Addresses To X.25 Hosts

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 1. Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) encoding is defined from the Assigned Numbers RFC. The AI2524 implementation recog- nizes only the IETF organizational unique identifier (OUI) 0x0000 00 followed by a 2-byte Ethernet protocol type. 2. The use of 0x81 for CLNS is compatible with ISO/IEC 8473- 3:1994.
  • Page 277 support several protocols; alternatively, you can define one map for each supported protocol. In interface configuration mode, establish a map: x25 map protocol address [ protocol2 address2 [...[ protocol9 address9 ]]] x121- address [ option ] For example, if you are encapsulating IP over a given X.25 interface, you must define an IP address for the interface and, for each of the de- sired destination hosts, map the host's IP address to its X.121 address.

  • Page 278: Establish An Encapsulation Pvc

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Note: You can simplify the configuration for the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol by adding the optional broadcast keyword. Configure PAD Access By default, PAD connection attempts are processed for session cre ation or protocol translation from all hosts. In interface configuration mode, restrict PAD connections to only statically mapped X.25 hosts: 1.

  • Page 279: Example: Pvc Used To Exchange Ip Traffic

    Example: PVC Used to Exchange IP Traffic This example, illustrated in PVC to exchange IP traffic between Router X and Router Y. Figure 12-2:Establishing an IP Encapsulation PVC through an X.25 Network Configuration for Router X interface serial 2 ip address 172.20.1.3 255.255.255.0 x25 map ip 172.20.1.4 0 x25 pvc 4 ip 172.20.1.4 Configuration for Router Y...

  • Page 280: Set X.25 Tcp/Ip Header Compression

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Set X.25 TCP/IP Header Compression The AI2524 supports RFC 1144 TCP/IP header compression (THC) on serial lines using HDLC and X.25 encapsulation. THC encapsula- tion is different from other encapsulation traffic. The implementation of compressed TCP over X.25 uses one virtual circuit to pass the com- pressed packets.

  • Page 281: Configure X.25 Payload Compression

    Configure The Cisco IOS software allows you to configure additional X.25 dat- agram transport features, including various user facilities defined for Additional X.25 X.25 call setup. Datagram Transport This section describes the X.25 datagram transport features you can configure by using the options in the x25 map or x25 pvc en- Features capsulation command (or by setting an interface default).
  • Page 282 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual X.25 payload compression must be applied carefully. Each compressed virtual circuit requires significant memory re- sources (for a dictionary of learned data patterns) and computation resources (every data packet received is decompressed and every data packet sent is compressed). Excessive use of compression can cause unacceptable overall performance.
  • Page 283 Increase the Number of Virtual Circuits Allowed For X.25 datagram transport, you can establish up to eight SVCs to one host for each map. To increase the number of virtual circuits allowed, perform one or both of these tasks in interface configuration mode: Specify the default maximum number of SVCs that can be open simultaneously to one host for each map.

  • Page 284: Configure X.25 User Facilities

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure X.25 User Facilities The X.25 software provides commands to support X.25 user facilities (options specified by the creators of the X.25 Recommendation) that allow you to implement features such as accounting, user identifica- tion, and flow control negotiation. You can choose to configure facil- ities on a per-map basis or on a per-interface basis.
  • Page 285 Allow reverse charging acceptance. x25 accept-reverse x25 map protocol address [ protocol2 address2 [...[ protocol9 address9 ]]] x121- address accept-reverse Select throughput class negotiation. x25 facility throughput in out x25 map protocol address [ protocol2 address2 [...[ protocol9 address9 ]]] x121- address throughput in out Select transit delay.

  • Page 286: Define The Virtual Circuit Packet Hold Queue Size

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual face defaults for the flow control parameters, these options must b used to specify the values. Not all networks will allow a PVC to be de- fined with arbitrary flow control values. Additionally, the Data bit (D-bit) is supported, if negotiated. PVCs allow the D-bit procedure because there is no call setup to negotiate its use.
  • Page 287 Configure X.25 The X.25 software implementation allows virtual circuits to be routed from one X.25 interface to another and from one router to another. The Routing routing behavior can be controlled with switching and X.25-over-TCP (XOT) configuration commands, based on a locally built table. X.25 encapsulation can share an X.25 serial interface with the X.25 switching support.

  • Page 288: Enable X.25 Routing

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual The X.25 switching subsystem supports these facilities and parame ters: D-bit negotiation—Data packets with the D-bit set are passed through transparently Variable-length interrupt data Flow control parameter negotiation Window size up to 7, or 127 for modulo 128 operation Packet size up to 4096, if the LAPB layers used are capable of han- dling the requested siz Basic closed user group selection...
  • Page 289 the rewrite pattern indicates the portion of the original address matched by the digits following the 1111 DNIC. x25 route ^1111(.*) substitute-dest 2222\1 interface serial 3 Figure 12-3 the power of the rewriting scheme. Figure 12-3:X.25 Route Address Pattern Matching The command in addresses to be routed through interface serial 0.

  • Page 290: Example: X.25 Routing

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Example: X.25 Routing This example shows how to enable X.25 switching, as well as how to enter routes into the X.25 routing table: Enable X.25 forwarding: x25 routing Enter routes into the table. Without a positional parameter, entries ar appended to the end of the table.
  • Page 291 dress. As a result, all outgoing calls from the VAX are sent to cisco on-tymnet for further processing. On the router named cisco-on-tymnet, you enter these commands: x25 route vax-x121-address ip cisco-on-vax x25 route .* interface serial 0 These commands force all calls with the VAX X.121 address to be sent to the router with the VAX connected to it.

  • Page 292: Configure A Locally Switched Pvc

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure a Locally Switched PVC You can configure an X.25 PVC in the X.25 switching software. As a result, DTEs that require permanent circuits can be connected to router acting as an X.25 switch and have a properly functioning con- nection.

  • Page 293: Example: Simple Remote Pvc Tunneling

    Example: Simple Remote PVC Tunneling In this example, a connection is established between two PVCs across a LAN. Because the connection is remote (across the LAN), the tun neling command is used. This example establishes a PVC between Router X, Serial 0, PVC 1 and Router Y, Serial 1, PVC 2. Keepalives are enabled to maintain connection notification.

  • Page 294: Example: Remote Pvc Tunneling

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Flow control is maintained end-to-end. This was previously called re- mote switching or tunneling. Running X.25 over TCP/IP provides a number of benefits. Other rout- ers can switch IP datagrams containing the X.25 packets using the router's high-speed switching abilities.
  • Page 295 point C and points A and B are tunneled. Keepalives are enabled to maintain connection notification. Figure 12-5:Local Switching and Remote Tunneling PVCs Configuration for Router X service tcp-keepalives-in service tcp-keepalives-out interface ethernet 0 ip address 172.20.1.1 255.255.255.0 interface serial 0 x25 ltc 5 x25 pvc 1 interface serial 1 pvc 1 x25 pvc 2 tunnel 172.20.1.2 interface serial 0 pvc 1...

  • Page 296: Configure Xot To Use Interface Default Flow Control Values

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configuration for Router Y service tcp-keepalives-in service tcp-keepalives-out interface ethernet 0 ip address 172.20.1.2 255.255.255.0 interface serial 0 x25 ltc 5 x25 pvc 1 tunnel 172.20.1.1 interface serial 0 pvc 2 x25 pvc 2 tunnel 172.20.1.1 interface serial 1 pvc 2 Configure To configure other, less common X.25 routing features, perform these tasks:...
  • Page 297 tion was not true, resulting in mysterious problems. The current imple- mentation's practice of signaling the values in the Call Confirm packet avoids these problems. Occasionally the older XOT implementation will be connected to a piece of X.25 equipment that cannot handle modification of the flow control parameters in the Call Confirm packet.

  • Page 298: Configure Cmns Routing

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual connection establishment fails, the next destination will be tried. Up to six XOT destination addresses can be entered. To configure an XOT route with alternate addresses, thus adding it to the X.25 routing table, type (in global configuration mode): x25 route [ #position ] x121-address [cud pattern ] ip ip-address [ ip-address2 ...

  • Page 299: Example: Cmns Configured For X.121 And Mac Addresses

    Specify a CMNS Static Map of Addresses After enabling CMNS on a nonserial interface (or specifying X.25 en- capsulation on a serial interface), you must map NSAP addresses to ei- ther MAC-layer addresses or X.121 addresses, depending on th application. For CMNS support over dedicated serial links (such as leased lines), an X.121 address is not needed, but can be included.

  • Page 300: Example: Cmns Switched Over A Pdn

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual interface serial 1 encapsulation x25 x25 map cmns 38.8261.1000.0150.1000.20 Example: CMNS Switched over a PDN This example depicts switching CMNS over a packet-switched PDN. Figure 12-6 switching application where calls are being made between resources on opposite sides of a remote link to Host A (on an Ethernet) and Host B (on a Token Ring), with a PDN providing the connection.

  • Page 301: Example: Cmns Switched Over Leased Lines

    interface token 0 cmns enable x25 map cmns 38.8261.17 0800.4e02.1f9f This configuration specifies that traffic from any other interface on Cisco Router C2 that is intended for any NSAP address with NSAP- prefix 38.8261.18 will be switched to X.121 address 2095551000 through Serial 0.
  • Page 302 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual sides of a remote link to Host C (on an Ethernet) and Host B (on a Token Ring), with a dedicated leased line providing the connection. This configuration listing allows resources on either side of the leased line to call Host C or Host B.

  • Page 303: Create An Access List

    This configuration specifies that traffic from any other interface on Cisco Router C4 that is intended for any NSAP address with NSAP- prefix 38.8261.20 will be switched through Serial 0. interface serial 0 encapsulation x25 x25 address 00002 x25 map cmns 38.8261.20 Configuration for Router C3 This configuration specifies that any traffic from any other interface intended for any NSAP address with NSAP 38.8261.20 will be...

  • Page 304: Example: X.29 Access List

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Create an Access List To specify the access conditions, restrict incoming and outgoing con- nections between a particular Virtual Terminal (VTY) line (into a Cisco access server) and the addresses in an access list by typing (in global configuration mode): x29 access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} x121-address...

  • Page 305: Apply An Access List To A Line

    Apply an Access List to a Line In line configuration mode, apply an access list to a virtual line by re- stricting incoming and outgoing connections between a particular vir- tual terminal line (into a Cisco access server) and the addresses in an access list: access-class access-list-number in The access list number is used for incoming TCP access and for in-...

  • Page 306: Configure Lapb

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure LAPB You can use only LAPB as a serial encapsulation method if you hav a private serial line. You must use one of the X.25 packet-level encap- sulations when attaching to an X.25 network. The LAPB standards distinguish between two types of hosts: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE), and Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE).
  • Page 307 2. In interface configuration mode, select an encapsulation and pro- tocol if using a single protocol or select the multiple protocol op- eration by performing one or more of these tasks: encapsulation lapb dce [ protocol ] encapsulation lapb [dte] [ protocol ] encapsulation lapb dce multi encapsulation lapb [dte] multi Single protocol LAPB defaults to IP encapsulation.
  • Page 308 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual ters can be modified to change LAPB protocol performance on particular link. Because X.25 operates the PLP on top of the LAPB protocol, these tasks apply to both X.25 links and LAPB links. The pa- rameters and their default values are summarized in this table.
  • Page 309 LAPB Modulo and LAPB K. The LAPB modulo determines the operating mode. Modulo 8 (basic mode) is widely available, be- cause it is required for all standard LAPB implementations and is sufficient for most links. Modulo 128 (extended mode) can achieve greater throughput on high-speed links that have a low er- ror rate (some satellite links, for example) by increasing the num- ber of frames that can be transmitted before waiting for...

  • Page 310: Configure Lapb Priority And Custom Queuing

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual LAPB T4. The LAPB standards define a timer to detect unsig- naled link failures (T4). The T4 timer is reset every time a frame is received from the partner on the link. If the T4 timer expires, Receiver Ready frame with the Poll bit set is sent to the partner, which is required to respond.

  • Page 311: Monitor And Maintain Lapb And X

    Note: Configure Transparent Bridging over Multiprotocol LAPB To configure transparent bridging over multiprotocol LAPB, perform these tasks beginning in global configuration mode: 1. Specify the serial interface, and enter interface configuration mode. interface serial number 2. Assign no IP address to the interface. no ip address 3.

  • Page 312: Example: Transparent Bridging For Multiprotocol Lapb Encapsulation

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Display CMNS connections over LLC2. show llc2 Display the protocol-to-X.121 address map. show x25 map Display routes assigned by the x25 route command. show x25 route Display details of active virtual circuits. show x25 vc [lcn] Example: Transparent Bridging for Multiprotocol LAPB Encapsulation This example configures transparent bridging for multiprotocol LAPB...
  • Page 313 lows for successful ping commands. A similar configuration is re quired for the same subnet IP addresses to work across X.25. Figure 12-8:Parallel Serial Lines to an X.25 Network Note: Configuration for Router A interface serial 1 ip 172.20.170.1 255.255.255.0 x25 address 31370054068 x25 map ip 172.20.170.3 31370054065 x25 map ip 172.20.170.4 31370054065...

  • Page 314: Example: Booting From A Network Server Over X.25

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configuration for Router B interface serial 0 ip 172.20.170.3 255.255.255.0 x25 address 31370054065 x25 map ip 172.20.170.1 31370054068 x25 map ip 172.20.170.2 31370054068 interface serial 3 ip 172.20.170.4 255.255.255.0 x25 address 31370054067 x25 map ip 172.20.170.2 31370054069 x25 map ip 172.20.170.1 31370054069 (allow either destination address) x25 31370054065 alias serial3...
  • Page 315 This entry allows the remote router to return a boot image from the host to the router booting over X.25. August 1997 2524UM Chapter 12: AI2524 X.25 Configuration Steps Page 12-57...
  • Page 316 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 12-58 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 317: Chapter 13: Ai2524 Frame Relay Configuration Steps

    Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Configuration Steps Introduction This chapter describes how to perform a variety of frame relay config- uration tasks and enable frame relay encapsulation. Frame Relay Routers and access servers can connect directly to: Hardware The Frame Relay switch Configuration A channel service unit/digital service unit (CSU/DSU), which then connects to a remote Frame Relay switch...

  • Page 318: Frame Relay Configuration Task List

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual The Frame Relay interface actually consists of one physical connection between the network server and the switch that provides the service. This single physical connection provides direct connectivity to each device on a network, such as a StrataCom FastPacket wide-area network (WAN).

  • Page 319: Examples: Ietf Encapsulation

    Examples: IETF Encapsulation The first example sets IETF encapsulation at the interface level. The second example sets IETF encapsulation on a per-DLCI basis. In the first example, the keyword ietf sets the default encapsulation method for all maps to IETF. encapsulation frame-relay IETF frame-relay map ip 131.108.123.2 48 broadcast frame-relay map ip 131.108.123.3 49 broadcast...

  • Page 320: Examples: Static Address Mapping

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual To establish static mapping according to your network needs, perform one of these tasks in interface configuration mode: Define the mapping between a next hop protocol address and the DLCI used to connect to the address. frame-relay map protocol protocol-address dlci [broadcast] [ietf] [cisco] Define a DLCI used to send International Organization for Stan-...

  • Page 321: Configure The Lmi

    Configuration for Router 2 interface serial 0 ip address 131.108.64.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay keepalive 10 frame-relay map ip 131.108.64.2 43 IPX Routing Example This example illustrates how to send packets destined for IPX address 200.0000.0c00.7b21 out on DLCI 102: ipx routing 000.0c00.7b3b interface ethernet 0 ipx network 2abc interface serial 0...

  • Page 322: Configuring Lmi Autosense

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual The router decodes the reply and configures itself automatically. If more than one reply is received, the router configures itself according to the most recent reply, accommodating intelligent switches that can handle multiple formats simultaneously. Using an intelligent retry scheme, LMI autosense attempts to deter mine the LMI type every N391 interval if initially unsuccessful.
  • Page 323 Set the LMI Keepalive Interval A keepalive interval must be set to configure the LMI. By default, this interval is 10 seconds and, per the LMI protocol, must be less than the corresponding interval on the switch. To set the keepalive interval, type (in interface configuration mode): keepalive number To turn off keepalives on networks without an LMI.

  • Page 324: Configure Frame Relay Switched Virtual Circuits

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configure Frame Currently, access to Frame Relay networks is made through private leased lines at speeds ranging from 56 kbps to 45 Mbps. Frame Relay Relay Switched is a connection-oriented, packet-transfer mechanism that establishes Virtual Circuits virtual circuits between endpoints.

  • Page 325: Example: Svcs On An Interfac

    3. Enable Frame Relay encapsulation on the interface. encapsulation frame-relay 4. Assign a map group to the interface. map-group group-name 5. Enable Frame Relay SVC support on the interface. frame-relay svc Map-group details are specified with the map-list command. Example: SVCs on an Interface This example configures a physical interface, applies a map-group to the physical interface, and then defines the map-group.

  • Page 326: Example: Svcs On A Subinterface

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 2. Specify the subinterface IP address, if needed. 3. Assign a map group to the subinterface. Example: SVCs on a Subinterface This example configures a point-to-point interface for SVC operation. This example assumes that the main serial 0 interface has been config- ured for signalling, and that SVC operation has been enabled on th main interface.

  • Page 327: Configure A Map Class

    Define another map class and its QOS settings: map-class rainbow frame-relay cir in 64000 frame-relay idle-timer 2000 Configure a Map Class Beginning in global configuration mode, configure a map class: 1. Specify the Frame Relay map class name and enter map class con- figuration mode.

  • Page 328: Configure A Map Group With E.164 Or X.121 Addresses

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 12. Set the outgoing excess burst size (Be). frame-relay be out bits 13. Set the idle timeout interval. frame-relay idle-timer duration You can define multiple map classes. A map class is associated with a static map, not with the interface or subinterface. Because of the flex- ibility this association allows, you can define different map classes fo different destinations.

  • Page 329: Configure Frame Relay Traffic Shaping

    By default, the Frame Reject frame is sent at the LAPF Frame Reject procedure. Note: If you must change Layer 2 parameters for your network environment and if you know the resulting functional change, complete these tasks as needed: Set the LAPF window size k. frame-relay lapf k number Set the LAPF maximum retransmission count N200.

  • Page 330: Enable Frame Relay Traffic Shaping On The Interface

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual By defining separate virtual circuits for different types of traffic and specifying queuing and an outbound traffic rate for each virtual circuit, you can provide guaranteed bandwidth for each type of traffic. By specifying different traffic rates for different virtual circuits over the same line, you can perform virtual time division multiplexing.
  • Page 331 Define a Map Class with Queuing and Traffic Shaping Parameters When you define a map class for Frame Relay, you can define the av- erage and peak rates (in bits per second) allowed on virtual circuits as- sociated with the map class. You can also specify either a custom queue-list or a priority queue-group to use on virtual circuits associ- ated with the map class (optional).

  • Page 332: Example: Frame Relay Traffic Shaping

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Define Custom Queue Lists for the Map Class You can define a queue list for a protocol and a default queue list. You can also specify the maximum number of bytes to be transmitted in any cycle.
  • Page 333 interface Serial0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay traffic-shaping frame-relay class slow_vcs interface Serial0.1 point-to-point ip address 10.128.30.1 255.255.255.248 ip ospf cost 200 bandwidth 10 frame-relay interface-dlci 101 interface Serial0.2 point-to-point ip address 10.128.30.9 255.255.255.248 ip ospf cost 400 bandwidth 10 frame-relay interface-dlci 102 class fast_vcs...

  • Page 334: Customize Frame Relay For Your Network

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Customize Frame Perform these tasks to customize Frame Relay: Relay for Your Configure Frame Relay Subinterfaces Network Configure Frame Relay Switching Disable or Reenable Frame Relay Inverse ARP Create a Broadcast Queue for an Interface Configure Payload Compression Configure TCP/IP Header Compression Configure Discard Eligibility...
  • Page 335 Configuring Frame Relay subinterfaces ensures that a single physical interface is treated as multiple virtual interfaces. This capability allows us to overcome split horizon rules. Packets received on one virtual in- terface can now be forwarded out another virtual interface, even if they are configured on the same physical interface.
  • Page 336 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Figure 13-2:Using Subinterfaces to Provide Full Connectiv- ity on a Partially Meshed Frame Relay Network Define Frame Relay Subinterfaces Configure subinterfaces on a Frame Relay network: 1. Specify a serial interface. interface serial number 2. Configure Frame Relay encapsulation on the serial interface. encapsulation frame-relay 3.

  • Page 337: Examples: Basic Subinterface

    Define Subinterface Addressing For point-to-point subinterfaces, the destination is presumed to be known and is identified or implied in the frame-relay inter- face-dlci command. For multipoint subinterfaces, the destinations can be dynamically resolved through the use of Frame Relay Inverse ARP or can be statically mapped through the use of the frame- relay map command.

  • Page 338: Example: Frame Relay Multipoint Subinterface With Dynamic Addressing

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual You can configure some protocols for dynamic address mapping and others for static address mapping. Accept Inverse ARP for Dynamic Address Mapping on Multipoint Subinterfaces Dynamic address mapping uses Frame Relay Inverse ARP to request the next hop protocol address for a specific connection, given a DLCI.
  • Page 339 interface Serial0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay lmi-type ansi interface Serial0.103 multipoint ip address 172.21.177.18 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 300 interface Serial0.104 multipoint ip address 172.21.178.18 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 400 Configure Static Address Mapping on Multipoint Subinterfaces A static map links a specified next hop protocol address to a specified DLCI.

  • Page 340: Example: Ipx Routes Over Frame Relay Subinterfaces

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual The broadcast keyword is required for routing protocols such as OSI protocols and the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol. Se the frame-relay map command description in the Wide-Area Networking Command Reference for more information about using the broadcast keyword.

  • Page 341: Example: Unnumbered Ip Over A Point-To-Point Subinterface

    Point-to-Point Subinterfaces In interface configuration mode, configure transparent bridging for point-to-point subinterfaces: 1. Specify a serial interface. interface serial number 2. Configure Frame Relay encapsulation on the serial interface. encapsulation frame-relay 3. Specify a subinterface. interface serial number.subinterface-number point-to-point 4. Associate a DLCI with the subinterface. frame-relay interface-dlci dlci [ option ] 5.
  • Page 342 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configuration for Router B frame-relay switching interface token-ring 0 ip address 131.108.178.1 255.255.255.0 interface serial 0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay IETF bandwidth 384 clockrate 4000000 frame-relay intf-type dce interface serial 0.2 point-to-point ip unnumbered TokenRing1 ip pim sparse-mode bandwidth 384 frame-relay interface-dlci 20...

  • Page 343: Example: Transparent Bridging Using Subinterfaces

    Example: Transparent Bridging Using Subinterfaces In this example, Frame Relay DLCIs 42, 64, and 73 are to be used as separate point-to-point links with transparent bridging running over them. The bridging spanning tree algorithm views each PVC as a sep- arate bridge port, and a frame arriving on the PVC can be relayed back out a separate PVC.

  • Page 344: Configure Frame Relay Switching

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 3. Configure the subinterface. interface serial number.subinterface-number point-to-point 4. Specify a DLCI for the subinterface. frame-relay interface-dlci dlci 5. Specify a backup interface for the subinterface. backup interface serial number 6. Specify backup enable and disable delay. backup delay { enable-delay | disable-delay } Configure Frame Relay Switching Frame Relay switching is a means of switching packets based upon the...
  • Page 345 Figure to each other via a Frame Relay network. Our implementation of Frame Relay switching allows our devices to be used as depicted in this Frame Relay network. Perform the tasks in these sections, as necessary, to configure Frame Relay switching: Enable Frame Relay Switching Configure a Frame Relay DTE Device, DCE Switch, or NNI Sup- port...

  • Page 346: Example: Pvc Switching Configuration

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Example: PVC Switching Configuration You can configure your router as a dedicated, DCE-only Frame Relay switch. Switching is based on DLCIs. The incoming DLCI is exam- ined, and the outgoing interface and DLCI are determined. Switching takes place when the incoming DLCI in the packet is replaced by the outgoing DLCI, and the packet is sent out the outgoing interface.

  • Page 347: Example: Pure Frame Relay Dce

    Example: Pure Frame Relay DCE Using the PVC switching feature, it is possible to build an entire Frame Relay network using our routers. In this example, Router A and Router C act as Frame Relay switches implementing a two-node network. Th standard Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) signaling protocol is used between Router A and Router C (see Figure 13-5:Frame Relay DCE Configuration...
  • Page 348 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configuration for Router A frame-relay switching interface ethernet 0 no ip address shutdown interface ethernet 1 no ip address shutdown interface ethernet 2 no ip address shutdown interface ethernet 3 no ip address shutdown interface serial 0 ip address 131.108.178.48 255.255.255.0 shutdown interface serial 1...
  • Page 349 Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Configuration Steps Configuration for Router C frame-relay switching interface ethernet 0 no ip address shutdown interface ethernet1 no ip address shutdown interface ethernet 2 no ip address shutdown interface ethernet 3 no ip address shutdown interface serial 0 ip address 131.108.187.84 255.255.255.0 shutdown...

  • Page 350: Example: Hybrid Dte/Dce Pvc Switching

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Example: Hybrid DTE/DCE PVC Switching Routers can also be configured as hybrid DTE/DCE Frame Relay switches (see Figure 13-6:Hybrid DTE/DCE PVC Switching In this example, Router B acts as a hybrid DTE/DCE Frame Relay switch. It can switch frames between the two DCE ports and between a DCE port and a DTE port.
  • Page 351 Chapter 13: AI2524 Frame Relay Configuration Steps Configuration for Router B frame-relay switching interface ethernet 0 ip address 131.108.123.231 255.255.255.0 interface ethernet 1 ip address 131.108.5.231 255.255.255.0 interface serial 0 no ip address shutdown interface serial 1 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay route 102 interface serial 2 201...

  • Page 352: Example: Switching Over An Ip Tunnel

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Example: Switching over an IP Tunnel You can switch over an IP tunnel by creating a point-to-point tunnel across the internetwork over which PVC switching can take place (se Figure Figure 13-7:Frame Relay Switch over IP Tunnel The following configurations illustrate how to create the IP network depicted in Page 13-36...
  • Page 353 Configuration for Router A frame-relay switching interface Ethernet0 ip address 108.131.123.231 255.255.255.0 interface Ethernet1 ip address 131.108.5.231 255.255.255.0 interface Serial0 no ip address shutdown interface Serial1 ip address 131.108.222.231 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map ip 131.108.222.4 400 broadcast frame-relay route 100 interface Tunnel1 200 interface Tunnel1 tunnel source Ethernet0 tunnel destination 150.150.150.123...

  • Page 354: Disable Or Reenable Frame Relay Inverse Arp

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Disable or Reenable Frame Relay Inverse ARP Frame Relay Inverse ARP is a method of building dynamic address mappings in Frame Relay networks running IP and Novell IPX. In- verse ARP allows the router or access server to discover the protocol address of a device associated with the virtual circuit.

  • Page 355: Configure Payload Compression

    interface buffers and lead to higher packet rate loss for both user dat and routing updates. To avoid such problems, you can create a special broadcast queue for an interface. The broadcast queue is managed independently of th normal interface queue, has its own buffers, and has a configurable size and service rate.
  • Page 356 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual A typical TCP/IP packet includes a 40-byte datagram header. Once a connection is established, the header information need not be repeated in every packet that is sent. Reconstructing a smaller header that iden- tifies the connection and indicates the fields that changed and the amount of change reduces the number of bytes transmitted.
  • Page 357 In interface configuration mode, configure an IP map to use Cisco encapsulation and TCP/IP header compression: frame-relay map ip ip-address dlci [broadcast] cisco tcp headercompression {active | passive} The default encapsulation is cisco. Note: Configure an Interface for TCP/IP Header Compression You can configure the interface with active or passive TCP/IP header compression.

  • Page 358: Example: Ip Map With Inherited Tcp/Ip Header Compression

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Example: IP Map with Inherited TCP/IP Header Compression This example shows an interface configured for TCP/IP header com- pression and an IP map that inherits the compression characteristics. Note that the Frame Relay IP map is not explicitly configured for header compression.

  • Page 359: Example: Disabling Inherited Tcp/Ip Header Compression

    Disable TCP/IP Header Compression You can disable TCP/IP header compression by using either of two commands that have different effects, depending on whether Fram Relay IP maps have been explicitly configured for TCP/IP header compression or have inherited their compression characteristics from the interface.

  • Page 360: Example: Disabling Explicit Tcp/Ip Header Compression

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Use the show frame-relay map command to display the resulting compression and encapsulation characteristics: Router> show frame-relay map Serial 1 (administratively down): ip 131.108.177.177 177 dlci 177(0xB1, 0x2C10), static, broadcast CISCO Serial 1 (administratively down): ip 131.108.177.178 178 dlci 178(0xB2,0x2C20), static broadcast CISCO...

  • Page 361: Configure Discard Eligibility

    Configure Discard Eligibility You can specify which Frame Relay packets have low priority or low time sensitivity and will be the first to be dropped when a Frame Relay switch is congested. The mechanism that allows a Frame Relay switch to identify such packets is the discard eligibility (DE) bit.
  • Page 362 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Before you configure the DLCI priority levels, complete these tasks: 1. Define a global priority list. 2. Enable Frame Relay encapsulation, as described earlier in this sec- tion. 3. Define static or dynamic address mapping, as described earlier in this section.

  • Page 363: Monitor The Frame Relay Connections

    Monitor the To monitor Frame Relay connections, perform any of these tasks in EXEC mode: Frame Relay Connections Clear dynamically created Frame Relay maps, which are created by the use of Inverse ARP. clear frame-relay-inarp Display information about Frame Relay DLCIs and the LMI. show interfaces serial number Display LMI statistics.

  • Page 364: Example: Booting From A Network Server Over Frame Relay

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Interoperability is provided by IETF encapsulation. frame-relay map ip 131.108.123.3 49 broadcast ietf frame-relay map ip 131.108.123.7 58 broadcast This line allows the router to connect with a device running an older version of software. frame-relay map decnet 21.7 49 broadcast Configure IETF based on map entries and protocol for more flexibil- ity.
  • Page 365 In this case, 100 is the DLCI that can get to host 131.108.126.111. The remote router must have this frame-relay map entry: frame-relay map ip 131.108.126.200 101 broadcast This entry allows the remote router to return a boot image (from the network server) to the router booting over Frame Relay.
  • Page 366 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 13-50 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 367: Chapter 14: T1 Interface Configuration Steps

    Chapter 14: T1 Interface Configuration Steps Introduction This chapter describes how to configure the AI2524 for fractional T1. Configure Configuration Overview Fractional T1 This section describes how to configure fractional T1 and T1 (FT1/T1 service modules installed the AI2425 router. The tasks associated with configuring T1 include: Specify the Clock Source Enable Data Inversion Before Transmission...

  • Page 368: Specify The Frame Type Of A Ft/T1 Line

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual To guarantee the ones density requirement on an AMI line using th FT1/T1 CSU/DSU module, type this in interface configuration mode: service-module t1 data-coding inverted This command inverts bit codes by changi ng all 1 bits to 0bits and all 0 bits to 1 bits.

  • Page 369: Specify Ft1/T1 Line-Code Type

    To transmit packets without decreasing outgoing signal strength, typ this in interface configuration mode: service-module t1 lbo none The ideal signal strength should be between -15 dB and -22 dB, which is calculated by adding the phone company loss, cable length loss, and line build out.

  • Page 370: Enable Loopcodes That Initiate Remote Loopbacks

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Super Frame configured, the remote alarm condition is signalled out of band in the facility data link. You can see if the FT1/T1 CSU/DSU is receiving a remote alarm (yel- low alarm) by issuing the show service-module command. To disable remote alarms, type this in interface configuration mode: no service-module t1 remote-alarm-enable Enable Loopcodes that Initiate Remote Loopbacks...
  • Page 371 Specify Timeslots To define timeslots for FT1/T1 module, type this in interface configu- ration mode: service-module t1 timeslots { range | all} [speed {56 | 64}] This command specifies which timeslots are used in fractional T1 op- eration and determines the amount of bandwidth available to the route in each timeslot.
  • Page 372 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 14-6 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 373: Chapter 15: 56/64-Kbps Switched And Digital Data Services (Dds) Interface Configuration Steps

    Chapter 15: 56/64-kbps Switched and Digital Data Services (DDS) Interface Chapter 15: 56/64-kbps Switched and Digital Data Services (DDS) Interface Configuration Steps Introduction This chapter describes how to configure 2- and 4-wire 56/64 kbps ser- vice modules. These tasks are described: Set the Clock Source Set the Network Line Speed Enable Scrambled Data Coding...

  • Page 374: Set The Network Line Speed

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Set the Network In interface configuration mode, configure the network line speed for a 4-wire 56/64-kbps CSU/DSU module: Line Speed service-module 56k clock rate line-speed You can use the following line speed settings: 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 56, 64 kpbs, and an auto setting.

  • Page 375: Enable Scrambled Data Coding

    Chapter 15: 56/64-kbps Switched and Digital Data Services (DDS) Interface Enable In interface configuration mode, prevent application data from repli cating loopback codes when operating at 64-kbps on a 4-wire CSU/ Scrambled Data DSU by scrambling bit codes before transmission: Coding service-module 56k data-coding scrambled Enable the scrambled configuration only in 64-kbps digital data ser-...

  • Page 376: Enable Acceptance Of A Remote Loopback Request

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Enable In interface configuration mode, enable the acceptance of a remot loopback request on a 2- or 4-wire 56/64-kbps CSU/DSU module: Acceptance of a Remote service-module 56k remote-loopback Loopback The no service-module 56k remote-loopback command Request prevents the local CSU/DSU from being placed into loopback by re- mote devices on the line.

  • Page 377: Chapter 16: Basic Configuration

    Chapter 16: Basic Configuration Connecting to the Connecting to an Ethernet Network Network The AI2524 can be connected to an Ethernet network by: Using a straight-through 10BaseT cable to connect the 10BaseT port to a 10BaseT hub. Using a crossover 10BaseT cable to connect the 10BaseT port to a PC network interface card.

  • Page 378: Booting The Router For The First Time

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Booting the Router for the First Time Each time you power on the router, it goes through this boot sequence: 1. The router goes through power-on self-test diagnostics to verify basic operation of the CPU, memory, and interfaces. 2.
  • Page 379 Warning: Acquire the correct network addresses from your system Using Configuration Mode You can configure the router manually if you prefer not to use Auto- Install or the System Configuration Dialog. Take these steps to config- ure the router manually: 1.

  • Page 380: Using Autoinstall

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 6. To see the configuration in NVRAM, enter th show startup- config command at the enable prompt: Router# show startup-config The results of the show running-config and show star- tup-config commands will be different if you have mad changes to the configuration but have not yet written them to NVRAM.

  • Page 381: Using The System Configuration Dialog

    4. Turn ON power to the router. The router will load the operating system image from Flash mem- ory. If the remote end of the WAN connection is connected and properly configured, the AutoInstall process will begin. If AutoInstall successfully completes, you can write the configu- ration data to the router's NVRAM.Perform this step to complete this task.
  • Page 382 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual To accept the default answer, press <Enter>; otherwise enter your re- sponse. This section gives an example configuration using the System Config- uration Dialog. When you are configuring your router, respond as ap propriate for your network. At any time during the System Configuration Dialog, you can request help by typing a question mark (?) at a prompt.
  • Page 383 System Bootstrap, Version X.X(XXXX) [XXXXX XX], RELEASE SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1986-1992 by Cisco Systems 2500 processor with 4096 Kbytes of main memory Notice: NVRAM invalid, possibly due to write erase F3: 5797928+162396+258800 at 0x3000060 Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at FAR sec.
  • Page 384 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 4. When the System Configuration Dialog asks whether you want to view the current interface summary, press< Return> or enter yes: First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: Any interface listed with OK? value “NO" does not have a valid configuration Interface IP-Address OK? Method EthernetO unassigned NO not set BRIO...
  • Page 385 7. Enter the enable and virtual terminal passwords: Enter enable password: shovel Enter virtual terminal password: vterml 8. Press <Enter> to accept Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) management, or enter no to refuse it: Configure SNMP Network Management? [yes]: 9. In this example, the router is configured for AppleTalk, IP, and IPX.

  • Page 386: Configuring The Ethernet Or Token Ring Interfaces

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Country ISDN Switch Type Japan North America basic-5ess basic-dms100 basic-ni1 New Zealand basic-nznet3 Configuring the Take these steps to configure the Ethernet or Token Ring interface to allow communication over a LAN. To configure the interface param Ethernet or eters, you need to know your Ethernet or Token Ring interface net- Token Ring...

  • Page 387: Configuring The Synchronous Serial Interfaces

    3. Determine if you are going to enable IPX on the interface. If so, enter yes and then enter the unique IPX network number: Configure IPX on this interface? [no]: yes IPX network number [1]: B001 Configuring the The synchronous serial interfaces are configured to allow connection to WANs.

  • Page 388: Configuring Isdn

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 3. Configure the second synchronous serial interface, for example, Configuring interface Seriall: Is this interface in use? [yes]: Configure IP on this interface? ~yes;: Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? [no]: IP address for this interface: 172.16.74.2 Number of bits in subset field [8]: Class B network is 172.16.0.0, 8 subset bits;...
  • Page 389 2. Enter the configure terminal command. Router# config term 3. If you have not already done so, enter the isdn switch-type command to configure the ISDN switch type: router (config) # ISDN switch-type switch-type 4. Enter the BRI interface, encapsulation method (PPP), authentica tion type, target router’s IP address and ISDN number to dial, and the dialer group number: Router (config) # interface bri 0...
  • Page 390 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 6. To set up a second B channel for bandwidth on demand, enter the load-threshold command to set the ISDN load threshold. The load threshold determines the percentage of network loading at which the second ISDN B channel is triggered. The value ranges from 1 to 255 (100 percent).

  • Page 391: Enter Configuration Mode

    1. Enter enable mode: Router> enable password: enablepassword 2. Enter configuration mode: Router# config term Router(config)# 3. Assign an IP address to the serial port on the module: Router(config)# interface serial port_number Router(config-if)# ip address ipaddress suLnetmask Router(config-if)# no keepalive 4.

  • Page 392: Configuring Dds

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Configuring DDS The 4-wire 56/64-kbps DSU/CSU WAN module is configured for DDS (which are leased or dedicated lines) as the factory default, but it can be configured for either switched 56/64-kbps service or DDS. Th DDS configuration is described in this section.
  • Page 393 Configuring the This section describes how to configure the fractional Tl/T1 DSU/ CSU WAN module is configured for Extended Superframe Format Fractional T1/T1 (ESF) signal format, bipolar zero substitution (B8ZS), and full band- DSU/CSU WAN width as the factory default. Depending on networking environment, Module you might need to change these settings.

  • Page 394: Specifying The Boot Method

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual 6. Return to user EXEC mode: Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# exit Router# exit Router> Specifying the You can enter multiple boot commands in the configuration in NVRAM to provide a backup method for loading the Cisco IOS image Boot Method onto the router.
  • Page 395 2. TFTP server If Flash memory is not available, or if Flash memory does not con- tain a valid Cisco IOS image, you can specify that system software be loaded from a TFTP server on your network as a backup boot method for the router.

  • Page 396: Checking The Configuration

    AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Checking the Enter the show version command to check the software version (third line from the top in this display) and configuration register set- Configuration ting (at the end of this display): Settings Router> shovrsion Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (to) XX00 Software (XXX-X-X), RELEASE SOFTWARE XX.X(XXXX) [XXX] Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by Cisco Systems, Inc.

  • Page 397: Chapter 17: Command References

    Chapter 17: Command References Introduction This chapter contains a link to the AI2524/Cisco IOS v. 11.2 documen- tation. Command References Refer to the Cisco Command Reference chapters on the AI2524/Cisco IOS v. 11.2 documentation CD. Security Command Referenc Wide-Area Networking Command Reference Network Protocols Command Reference Part 1 Network Protocols Command Reference Part 2 Network Protocols Command Reference Part 3...
  • Page 398 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 17-2 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 399: Chapter 18: System Error Messages

    Chapter 18: System Error Messages Introduction This chapter contains a link to the AI2524/Cisco IOS v. 11.2 documen- tation. System Error Messages Refer to the Cisco Command Reference chapters on the AI2524/Cisco IOS v. 11.2 documentation CD. August 1997 2524UM Chapter 18: System Error Messages Page 18-1...
  • Page 400 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 18-2 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 401: Chapter 19: Debug Command Reference

    Chapter 19: Debug Command Reference Introduction This chapter contains a link to the AI2524/Cisco IOS v. 11.2 documen- tation. Debug Command Reference Refer to the Cisco Command Reference chapters on the AI2524/Cisco IOS v. 11.2 documentation CD. August 1997 2524UM Chapter 19: Debug Command Reference Page 19-1...
  • Page 402 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page 19-2 August 1997 2524UM...

  • Page 403: Appendix A: Release Notes

    Appendix A: Release Notes Appendix A: Release Notes August 1997 Page A-1 2524UM...
  • Page 404 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page A-2 August 1997 2524UM...
  • Page 405 RN194 AISwitch Release Notes AI2524, Version 1.00 Router Card August 1997 Applied Innovation, Inc. 5800 Innovation Drive Dublin, Ohio 43016-3271 (614) 798-2000 (800) 247-9482 FAX (614) 798-1770 Page --1...
  • Page 406 AI2524 Router Card, Version 1.00 Release Notes Copyright © Copyright 1983-1997 Applied Innovation Incorporated (AII). The material discussed in this manual is the proprietary property of AII and AII retains all rights to reproduction and distribution of this document. AISwitch, AISwitch Series 180 and AISwitch Series 130 are regis- tered trademarks of Applied Innovation Inc.

  • Page 407: New Features

    August 1997 New Features These release notes document new or enhanced features and com mands, upgrade instructions, and problem resolutions for the AI2524 Router card. ISDN/BRI Inferface Instructions for use of this product are detailed in the AI2524 Router Manual, document number 2524UM. RN194 AI2524 Router Card, Version 1.00 Release Notes AISwitch Release Notes...

  • Page 408: Isdn/Bri Inferface

    AI2524 Router Card, Version 1.00 Release Notes ISDN/BRI The AI2524 ISDN/BRI module provides the digitalization of tele- phone network so that voice, data, text, graphics, music, video, and Inferface other source material can be provided to end users from a single end- user terminal over existing telephone wiring.

  • Page 409: August 1997

    August 1997 Configuring If you have an ISDN BRI WAN module, configure the BRI port for ISDN. This section explains typical ISDN configurations for one or ISDN two B channels. In the examples, the BRI port is configured for IP routing and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) encapsulation.
  • Page 410 AI2524 Router Card, Version 1.00 Release Notes 5. Some ISDN switch types, such as Basic NI1 or DMS-100 switch service, require you to configure a service profile identifie (SPID). Enter the SPID information substituting the appropriat entries for your installation: Router (config-if) # isdn spid1 SPID_no phone_number Router (config-if) # isdn spid2 SPID_no phone_number 6.

  • Page 411: Appendix B: Acronyms

    Appendix B: Acronyms Acronym Definition Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Alternate Mark Inversion ANSI American National Standards Institute APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking AppleTalk Remote Access Protocol Address Resolution Protocol ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency Asynchronous Transfer Mode AURP Appletalk Update-based Routing Protocol Committed Burst Size Excess Burst Size BECN...
  • Page 412 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Channel Interface Protocol Committed Information Rate Command Line Interface CLNS Connectionless Network Services CMNS Connection-Mode Network Service CMNS Connection Mode Network Services Control Point Central Processor Unit CSLIP Compressed Serial Line Internet Protocol CSNP Complete Sequence Numer PDU Channel Service Unit Call User Packet D-bit...
  • Page 413 Data Terminal Equipment Exterior Gateway Protocol Extended Superframe FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FIFO First-In First-Out FRMR Frame Reject Frame HDLC High-level Link Control HDLC High-Level Data Link Control HSRP Hot Standby Router Protocol HSSI High-Speed Serial Interface ICMP Internal Control Message Protocol IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IGRP...
  • Page 414 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced LAPF Link Access Procedure for Frame Relay Local-Area Transport Logic Channel Logic Channel Identifier Low-Entry Networking Level1 Station Router Level Level2 Area Router Level LLC2 Logical Link Control type 2 Local Management Interface Link Quality Monitoring...
  • Page 415 NCIA Native Client Interface Architecture Network Entity Titles NETID Network Identifier NLSP Netware Link Services Protocol Network Processor Module Network-to-Network Interface NSAP Network Service Access Point NVRAM Nonvolatile Random Access Memory Open System Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path First Packet Assembler/Disassembler Password Authentication Protocol Public Data Network Protocol Data Unit...
  • Page 416 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Routing Information Protocol Read Only Memory RPOA Recognized Private Operation Agency RSRB Remote Source-Route Bridging RTMP Routing Table Maintenance Protocol Service Access Point SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control Superframe SGBP Stock Group Bidding SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol SMDS Switched Multimegabit Data Service SMTP...
  • Page 417 User Datagram Protocol Usage Parameter Universal Resource Locator Virtual Circuit Nember VPDN Virtual Private Dial-up Network Virtual Terminal Wide Area Network Xerox Network Systems X.25 Over TCP August 1997 2524UM Appendix B: Acronyms Page B-7...
  • Page 418 AI2524 Router Card User’s Manual Page B-8 August 1997 2524UM...

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