Wavecrest Signal Integrity Analyzer 3000 User Manual

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WAVECREST Corporation

Signal Integrity Analyzer 3000

User's Guide and Reference Manual

200006-03

REV A

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Page 1 WAVECREST Corporation Signal Integrity Analyzer 3000 User’s Guide and Reference Manual 200006-03 REV A...
Page 2 This page intentionally left blank.
Page 3 WAVECREST Corporation continually engages in research related to product improvement. New material, production methods, and design refinements are introduced into existing products without notice as a routine expression of that philosophy. For this reason, any current product may differ in some respect from its published...
Page 4 The following License Terms govern your use of the accompanying Software unless you have a separate written agreement with Wavecrest. License Grant. Wavecrest grants you a license to use one copy of the Software. USE means storing, loading, installing, executing or displaying the Software. You may not modify the Software or disable any licensing or control features of the Software.
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Purpose and Organization of this Manual..........SECTION 1 SIA-3000™ Quick Setup and Measure ..........1 Accessories................1 Quick Setup and Simple Measurement of 1 0 MHZ Calibration Signal ..1 Selection a Measurement Tool ............. 3 Turning on the 1 0 MHZ Square Wave ..........4 Taking a Measurement ..............
Page 6 MEASUREMENT TOOLS..............39 Oscilloscope Tool..............4 1 Applications - Overview ............. 4 1 Oscilloscope Dialog Bars ..........42 Making an Oscilloscope Measurement - Setup Directions ..43 Interpreting Oscilloscope Views (Plots) ......44 Time View..............44 FFT View ..............45 Summary View ............
Page 7 Locktime Tool - Applications ............85 Making a Locktime Measurement - Setup Directions...... 86 Interpreting Locktime Tool Views (Plots) ........87 Time View ..............87 FFT View ............... 88 1-Sigma View ..............89 Peak-Peak View............... 90 Summary View ..............9 1 Locktime Theory ..............
Page 8 Data Bus Tool............... 12 1 Making a Data Bus Measurement - Setup Directions....122 Interpreting Data Bus Views (Plots)........123 Data Histogram View........... 123 Data Bathtub View ............. 124 Clock Histogram View ..........125 Clock Bathtub View ........... 126 Data Bus Summary View..........127 Data Bus Theory ..............
Page 9: Purpose And Organization Of This Manual
Purpose and Organization of this Manual Signal Integrity Analyzer 3000™ The purpose of this manual is to provide the user with a quick overview of the SIA-3000 ) and Virtual Instruments Signal Integrity™ (VISI) software. Parts of this manual have been compiled from the online Help system included with the VISI software. Some areas will appear different due to the presentation and layout format of the Help system versus the hard copy manual format.
Page 11: Sia-3000™ Quick Setup And Measure
SECTION 1– SIA-3000™ Quick Setup and Measure WAVECREST This section helps the user to quickly set up the Signal Integrity Analyzer 3000 (SIA- 3000) and take a simple measurement using the 10MHz signal. In addition, this section Calibration OUT will assist the user in calibrating the SIA-3000. The accessories included with the unit are listed below.
Page 12 Turn on power by pushing the power button at the bottom right-hand corner of the front panel. After a few minutes, the opening view of VISI’s work area will be displayed. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 1 - Quick Setup ©...
Page 13: Selection A Measurement Tool
Selecting a Measurement Tool The following steps will select the using the Dialog Bar Histogram Tool Click on to access the Clock Tools Dialog Bar Click on to open the Histogram Tool WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 1 - Quick Setup...
Page 14: Turning On The 10Mhz Square Wave
Select the 10MHz option in the pull-down menu of the dialog box. Click on The Calibration OUT connection will now be outputting a 10MHz square wave. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 1 - Quick Setup ©...
Page 15: Taking A Measurement
If an error is received, ensure all connectors are tight and re-activate the 10MHz calibration signal as described in the previous instructions. Redo a ) and then take another Single measurement ( Pulsefind WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 1 - Quick Setup...
Page 17: Front And Back Panel Descriptions
Measurement channels: up to 10 single-ended or differential input channel cards can be configured. Tool/Field Selection Buttons - Buttons correspond to adjacent fields/buttons on LCD. Pressing button activates corresponding field/button. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 2 - Front and Back Panel Description...
Page 18 Play Press on the button to playback a series of steps Play that were previously recorded from the front panel, mouse or keyboard. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 2 - Front and Back Panel Description ©...
Page 19 GPIB instrument control. Press on the button to activate the Help online Help system. Scaling and Position Control Dials - Adjusts x- and y-axis viewing position and scaling. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 2 - Front and Back Panel Description...
Page 20 Add View new window of the active tool. Power Button - Turns on/off SIA-3000 Calibration OUT - Supplies calibration and reference signals for calibrating the SIA-3000. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 2 - Front and Back Panel Description ©...
Page 21: Back Panel Description
USB Connection - Additional USB port for connecting hot-swappable peripheral devices. 10/100BaseT Connection - A 10/100BaseT NIC card for LAN or network connections is included SIA-3000 with every WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 2 - Front and Back Panel Description...
Page 23: Complete Setup Of The Sia-3000
WAVECREST Corporation office. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection. will arrange for repair WAVECREST Corporation or replacement at their option. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000...
Page 24 A minimum of 8 inches clearance is required for the back panel. 8” Connect the power cord to the rear of the instrument and then to an ac outlet. Ensure the outlet has a protective earth ground contact. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000 ©...
Page 25: Connecting The Keyboard
If using a keyboard other than the one supplied with the instrument, ensure the device driver is available for installation. Plug the keyboard USB connector into the remaining front USB port (an additional USB connector is located on the back panel). WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000...
Page 26: Attaching Peripheral Devices
Connecting a GPIB Cable to the SIA-3000™ Attach the GPIB cable connector to the GPIB (IEEE.488) interface card connector on the back panel of the SIA-3000. Tighten the thumbscrews. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000 ©...
Page 27: Connecting To The Network Interface Card
Connect the network cable to the RJ45 connector of the SIA-3000. Power up the SIA-3000 (this will take a few minutes). Click Tool on the VISI menu bar. Point to and then select Network Properties WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000...
Page 28 The Network properties dialog box will be displayed. Click to continue. Click in the Network Properties dialog box. The Select Network Component Type dialog box will be displayed. Select Client and click Add… WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000 ©...
Page 29 Select ‘Client for Microsoft Networks’ for the Network Clients Click The complete Network properties dialog box will be displayed. Click on the Network dialog window Click to restart the system. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000...
Page 30 Virus software will need to be “Pushed” onto the SIA-3000. Also find out if the network is using static or dynamic IP addresses. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000 ©...
Page 31 VISI menu bar. Tool Point to and then select Network Properties properties dialog box will be displayed. Network Select and select Client for Microsoft Networks Properties WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000...
Page 32 Network Properties dialog box. Click if prompted for the Windows 98 CD. Select C:\Win98 from the : drop down box. Copy files from Click Click to restart the system. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000 ©...
Page 33 VISI menu bar. Tool Point to and then select Network Properties properties dialog box will be displayed. Network Select and click on the button. TCP/IP Properties WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000...
Page 34 TCP/IP Properties Window Click OK if prompted for the Windows 98 CD. Select C:\Win98 from the : drop down box. Copy files from Click Click to restart the system. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000 ©...
Page 35 VISI menu bar Tool Point to and then select Network Share Drive on Network… The local drive properties dialog box will be displayed. Select the tab. Tools WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000...
Page 36 Automatically fix errors Select to perform the Scandisk Start Close the Scandisk results window when complete Close the Scandisk tool when complete to return to the Tools window WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000 ©...
Page 37 Defragmenting Drive C: Select to exit when defragmentation is done. Disk Defragmenter Select to exit the Tools window. The local disk has now been defragmented and scanned for errors. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 © Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000...
Page 38: Connecting And Installing A Printer
SIA3000 printer list. Additional printers can be added, removed or configured through the selection by Tool/Print Setup following the dialog boxes and screen prompts. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 3 - Complete Setup of the SIA3000 ©...
Page 39: Virtual Instruments Signal Integrity™ Software
Channel and Gigabit Ethernet. VISI is a comprehensive data analysis package that includes patented algorithms capable of separating total jitter (TJ) into its deterministic jitter (DJ) and random jitter (RJ) components and the capability to predict the long-term reliability of systems and components in seconds. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 40 • A black bar appears when the unit is performing/ computing a measurement. • An elapsed time displays the time of the test. • Cursor coordinates for the active window are displayed when using a pointing device. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 41: Menu Bar
1, 2, 3, 4 List - This area displays the last four tools used. Click on the number/name that corresponds with the tool to re-open. Shutdown - Click on this command to end your VISI session and shut down the instrument. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 42: Edit Pull-Down Menu
Copy, Clear and Annotation – Copy or clear the currently displayed data. Annotate the Summary view. Configuration – User can customize display settings as well as GPIB board and device addresses. Optical Configuration – User-configurable Optical device settings. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 43: Action Pull-Down Menu
Main Window. This area lists selections for customizing a tool’s display area to aid in the presentation and interpretation of data. See the Glossary for a more detailed explanation of each selection. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 44: View Pull-Down Menu
Wizard, Plot Interpretor and Online Documentation - Clicking on these selections accesses additional setup and information tools. Clicking on this selection displays the version number of VISI as well WAVECREST Corporation’s technical support number. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 45: Toolbar
Context Sensitive Help - Activates context sensitive help. Once activated, the cursor changes to the Context Sensitive Help icon and will remain so until another click of the pointing device occurs. Upon clicking the second time, Help text will be displayed. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 46: Initial Dialog Bar
These configuration menus change to reflect the selected tool window if more that one tool at a time is open. Clicking on a button reveals the associated tool(s). Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 47: Dialog Bars
Help system in VISI. The View menu lists data display options and remains unchanged throughout tool dialog pages. Pop-up boxes for selecting channels. User-selectable parameters in active fields Scrolling menus list parameter and function options WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 49: Measurement Tools
Arm Generator (AG-100) - Produces a pattern marker from a repeating data pattern Optical to Electrical Converter (OE-2) - Converts optical communication signals into electrical signals Composite Plot - Overlay related plots WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 51: Oscilloscope Tool
In addition, voltage vs. frequency can be plotted using a selectable Fast Fourier Transform option (See Fast Fourier Transforms for more information on FFT’s). The trigger input can be any channel input. Waveforms on all channels can be viewed. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 53: Making An Oscilloscope Measurement - Setup Directions
Press Single Acquire on the Tool Bar. Device Under Connect to IN of any channel. Test Use trigger on any input. Select measurement channel in dialog box. Select arm channel in Trigger dialog box. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 54: Interpreting Oscilloscope Views (Plots)
Horizontal x-axis shows Time. Vertical y-axis shows voltage. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. In Time View, resolution affects the time between measurements. Range affects the time over which measurements are made. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 55: Fft View
When viewing the FFT, the (FFT) resolution is increased by increasing the range value. The FFT (range) is increased by choosing a smaller resolution value. The following figures show views of varying ranges and resolutions. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 56 Compare Figures 2(a, b) to Figures 3(a, b). The resolution is constant; a lower range value provides a good time domain view in Figures 2a and 2b, but a poor frequency domain view. See Figures 3a and 3b. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 57 Figure 3a Figure 3b Compare to Figures 2a and 2b. The resolution is constant; a higher range value provides a “poor” time domain view, but a “good” frequency domain view in Figure 3b. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 58: Summary View
The data represent information from the Oscilloscope. This page can be annotated. Each row summarizes voltage measurements for a particular channel. FFT-F reports the tallest peak on the FFT for that channel. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 59: Oscilloscope Theory Of Operation
The acquired data points can be displayed in two modes: dot connect and persistence. In dot connect, each point is connected to the next with a line, for each acquisition. Persistence mode displays each point individually and for repeated acquisitions, does not remove the previous points. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 61: Clock Tools
- Create phase noise plots. Locktime - Analyze PLL stabilization time. Statistics - Displays time measurements including frequency and duty cycle. Strip Chart - Plot histogram statistics at regular intervals defined by the user. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 63: Histogram Tool - Applications
Proprietary software algorithms separate deterministic and random jitter components allowing the calculation of total jitter. These values are used to create a Bathtub Curve to predict long-term reliability. See also Tail-fit theory. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 64 • Press the Single Acquire button or the Stop button to stop the cycling process. Device Under Connect to IN of any channel. Test Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 65: Maxi View
The statistics and plot relate to all measurements taken since the last clear. Horizontal x-axis shows Time. Vertical y-axis shows the number of measurements (Hits per Edge). Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 66 Horizontal x-axis shows Time. Vertical y-axis shows the number of measurements (Hits per Edge). Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 67 The TJ value is read from the curve at the point that the color turns to gray. The Y-axis represents a number of cycles of the clock. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™...
Page 68 - TJ is calculated from the RJ and DJ components at a specific BER. - Goodness of Fits is CHI Square value. Lower numbers indicate better confidence in RJ values. See Tail-Fit Theory. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 69 The right, Summary view shows the values for goodness-of-fits (Chi-Squared), extracted DJ and fitted rmsJ. The rmsJ values are smaller than the 1-sigma for the histogram. The bottom, Accumulated Histogram View shows the Gaussian curves fitted to the left and right tails. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 70: Histogram Theory
This would mean that short and long periods are alternating. For more information, see the in-depth description. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 71 See the following examples: Example 1 is a histogram of a good clock. Example 2 is a bimodal histogram with equal heights. Example 3 is a bimodal histogram with unequal heights. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 72: Single-Mode Histogram
Example 1 Single Mode Histogram - A Good Clock This histogram shows a single Gaussian distribution. This is typical of a random sampling of clock periods. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 73: Bimodal Histogram-Equal Heights
Equal numbers of hits means that there is a equal probability (50%-50%) of measuring either short or long times (periods in this example). So in reality the clock would be alternating short, long, short, long, etc. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 74: Bimodal Histogram - Unequal Heights
(periods in this example). Here, the left mode has four times as many samples as the right mode. The associated probabilities are 75% and 25% respectively. So in reality the clock would have three short periods and one long. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 75 These measurements can be between rising or falling edges. The High Frequency modulation tool plots a peak-peak value for an edge versus time. See High Frequency Modulation Theory. High Frequency Modulation Dialog Bar WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 76 Connect to IN of any channel. All of the measurements and data required to calculate and display the different views or plots available in the High Frequency Modulation tool are gathered simultaneously on one pass or acquisition. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 77: 1-Sigma View
Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line This plot shows the accumulation of jitter. Periodic components indicate modulation is present. The frequency and power of this jitter can then be seen in the FFT View. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 78 Horizontal x-axis shows either Time or number of Edges over which a histogram is made. Vertical y-axis shows the peak-to-peak value. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 79: Fft N-Clk View
The user is able to see the frequency components and amplitude of the jitter. Horizontal x-axis shows Frequency. Vertical y-axis shows the power in dBs or time. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 80: Fft 1-Clk View
Horizontal x-axis shows Frequency. Vertical y-axis shows the power in dBs or time. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 81 -1-clock PJit and Freq show only the highest peak from the FFT (1-clock) view. -N-clock Pjit and Freq show only the highest peak from the FFT (n-clock) view. -Rjit is RMS jitter between -3dB Freq and Fmax WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 82 Setting the -3dB Lower Rolloff Frequency to the lowest jitter frequency that you are concerned with will determine the number of histograms that must be made. The Fmax divider allows you to scale the FFT accordingly. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 83 • Press the Single Acquire button or the Stop button to stop the cycling process. Device Under Connect to IN of any channel. Test WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 84: Summary View
Summary - View data in a text format and save user notes Time This view shows the modulation waveform. The X-axis shows a timestamp value. The y-axis shows the measured period value. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 85 The highest peak is set to 0dB and all other peaks are referenced to it. The cursor coordinates also show the power in time. Horizontal x-axis shows frequency. Vertical y-axis shows power. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 86 Summary This view shows a summary of the most recent time measurements and the frequency information from the largest peak on the FFT Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 87 It is apparent that the period of the clock being measured is varying or modulated. This acquisition has not captured an entire cycle of the modulation. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 88 By decreasing the Maximum Frequency, the time between measurements is increased and lower jitter frequencies can be captured. The following figure shows the Maximum Frequency divided by two with the same number of Minimum Data Points, 10, as in the previous figure. Figure 2 Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 89 The signal that is being analyzed can be connected to any input channel. • Verify the proper input signal levels • Connect the source to IN of any channel Device Under Connect to IN of any channel. Test WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 90: Summary View
The x-axis shows frequency content with frequencies farthest from the carrier on the right and the frequencies closest to the carrier on the left. The y-axis shows the amplitude or power density. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 91 Min, Max, Pk-Pk, and 1-sigma are values from the histogram of measurements that the mean came from. dBc/Hz is the reported value from the chosen offset frequency and offset width. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 92: Phase Noise Theory
Illustration of phase noise In the frequency-domain, phase noise appears as sidebands offset from the carrier frequency. The figure below shows the phase noise in frequency-domain. Spectrum of a sine wave with phase noise Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 93 P n (f m ) is the noise power (in Watts) at the offset frequency f m , P 0 is the power of the carrier (f m =0), and B n (in Hertz) is the noise bandwidth. Sometimes, phase noise is also expressed in rad /Hz. This is equation (2) without 10log 10 (or decibel). WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 95: Locktime Tool - Applications
The Arm must be periodic in order for the measurement process to work. A single power up or a single frequency lock will not allow this process to occur. Using a signal from a pulse generator works well as the Arm and lock signal. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 96 The arm signal provides a point of reference for the measurements to be made. For measuring PLL locktime, period or frequencies are measured. These measurements are made by automatically incrementing the Delay until the Span value is reached. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 97 The user is able to mean see how the of the measured Function changes after an Arm signal (see Arming). This plot shows measured periods of a clock with spread spectrum modulation (jitter). WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 98 Vertical axis shows the power in dBs or time from the FFT of the Time View. Horizontal axis shows Frequency. The cursor coordinates on the bottom status line show power in dBs or time. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 99 1-sigma of the measured Function changes after an Arm signal. Vertical axis shows the 1-sigma value from the Function being measured. Horizontal axis shows either Time or Edge after the Arm. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 100 Arm signal. peak-to-peak Vertical axis shows the value from the function being measured. Horizontal axis shows either Time or Edge after the Arm. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 101 Summary The data represent values from a histogram of measurements. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 102 This process is repeated until the tool reaches a value set by the user (Span). Then plots are made which relate the statistical information from a histogram (1-sigma) to which histogram it is from, or in other words, which delayed edge is represented. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 103 3rd period is repeatedly sampled to create a histogram and this process repeats until the Span (edges) value has been reached. The number of time measurements in each histogram is chosen by Hits per Edge. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 104 One of the main features of VISI software is the ability to view any of the measurement functions using the Locktime tool. For example, in addition to period and frequency being viewed, pulse width, rise/fall times and the delay between channels can also be viewed for these pattern dependent anomalies. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 105: Statistics Tool
NOTE: This is the only tool that gives a frequency or duty cycle measurement. The force pulsefind option, when set on, performs a pulsefind after each histogram and displays the updated voltage information with each run. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 107: Strip Chart Tool
If using External Arm Mode, connect an Arm signal to an input channel and select the appropriate channel in the Arming dialog bar Device Under Connect to IN of any channel. Test WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 108 Vertical y-axis shows the measured time. The top line represents the Maximum; middle line, the Average; and bottom line, the Minimum values from histograms. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 109: Summary View
The top line represents the Peak-to-Peak values and the bottom line shows the 1-sigma values from histograms. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. Summary View Shows the statistics from the most recent histogram. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 110: Strip Chart Theory
INTERVAL. When the user selects RUN from the Tool Bar, the display will continuously move from right to left with the INTERVAL time stamping the burst data being displayed within the graph. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 111: Advanced Clock Tools
ADVANCED CLOCK TOOLS Adjacent Cycle DataBus Adjacent Cycle Tool Overview The Adjacent cycle tool will display a histogram of the difference between two adjacent cycles of a clock. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 112 Press the Single Acquire button or press the Run/Cycle button allowing the instrument to accumulate a continuous series of measurements. • Press the Single Acquire button or the Stop button to stop the cycling process. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 113: Norm Adjacent View
This view shows the results of a single acquire of time measurements displayed as a histogram. Horizontal x-axis shows Time. Vertical y-axis shows the number of measurements (hits per edge). Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 114: Acum Adjacent View
The statistics and plot relate to all measurements taken since the last clear. Horizontal x-axis shows Time. Vertical y-axis shows the number of measurements (hits per edge). Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 115: Maxi Adjacent View
Horizontal x-axis shows Time. Vertical y-axis shows the number of measurements (hits per edge). Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 116: Bathtub
Total Jitter (TJ) is extracted directly from this plot and is a pk-pk value at a specific bit error rate or number of clock cycles. The TJ value is read from the curve at the point that the color turns to gray. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 117 V1 and V2 show the voltage thresholds for the measurements. If Duty Cycle is enabled, it will be displayed here. If Tail-Fit is enabled, results will be displayed here. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 118: Adjacent Cycle Theory
(P2-P1). See Histogram Theory. By changing the "cumulative cycles" value, the difference between a number of periods can be measured. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 119: Drcg Tool - Applications
The tool takes advantage of the SIA-3000's unique capability of measuring precision time intervals of sequential timing events. Through precision capture of adjacent time intervals, the user can accurately understand the cycle by cycle period adjustments various hardware in the clock generation circuit are doing. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 120: Making A Drcg Measurement - Setup Directions
Press the Single Acquire button or press the Run/Cycle button allowing the instrument to accumulate a continuous series of measurements. • Press the Single Acquire button or the Stop button to stop the cycling process. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 121 The x-axis shows the number of periods in adjacent groups. The y-axis shows the worst-case time. Each group of periods (one through 6) has two bars that represent rising edge period measurements or falling edge period measurements. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 122: Drcg Summary View
Each sweep has a Minimum measured value (-) and a Maximum measured value (+). Four sweeps are made. The worst Min and Max values for each relationship are then displayed in the worst column. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 123: Drcg Theory
Four separate sweeps are made of the entire process to give 4 columns of values. The worst case of the four sweeps is shown under the 'Worst Case' heading. It is these values that are displayed on the "Jitter Plot". If any of these values exceed the limits, a failure is indicated. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 125: Channel To Channel Tools
• Connect a signal to any open input channel. Times will be measured from chosen edges on the first channel to chosen edges on the second channel. Device Under Input Output Test WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 126: Accumulated Histogram View
The statistics and plot relate to all measurements taken since the last clear. This example shows Tail-Fit enabled. Horizontal x-axis shows Time. Vertical y-axis shows the number of measurements (Hits per Edge). Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 127: Maxi Histogram View
Horizontal x-axis shows Time. Vertical y-axis shows the number of measurements (hits per edge). Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 128: Bathtub Histogram View
(when the lines cross) and margin, if the part fails below the specified BER. Horizontal x-axis shows Time (of one unit interval) or Unit Interval. Vertical y-axis shows the BER. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 129: Summary View
The data represent values from histograms of measurements. Normal Histogram shows statistics from a single histogram. Accumulated Histogram shows statistics from all histograms since a clear. The user is able to annotate this page. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 130: Propagation Delay And Skew Theory
This would mean that short and long periods are alternating. For more information, see the in-depth description. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 131: Data Bus Tool
The gray area is a user selected eye closure specification. If the jitter is too high the bathtub curve will overlap the gray area and the tool will indicate a failure. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™...
Page 132 Data Bus Tool Setup Directions • Connect a Bit Clock to the chosen "reference channel". Connect Data channels. • Choose the Data channels to add and press "add/del channel" Press Pulse find and Run. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 133: Interpreting Data Bus Views (Plots)
The y-axis displays number of samples in a histogram. Each channel is displayed in its own row if "Plot Display|stacked” is chosen. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™...
Page 134: Data Bathtub View
Data Bathtub Displays bathtub curves for each data channel. These curves are used for viewing long term statistical BER. The x-axis shows a 1 Unit Interval (UI) window. The y-axis shows BER. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 135: Clock Histogram View
Displays a histogram of the reference clock signal. Identical to using the Histogram clock analysis tool. The x- axis shows the measured time of a clock period. The y-axis shows the number of measurements or hits. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™...
Page 136: Clock Bathtub View
Clock Bathtub Displays bathtub curve for clock signal. The curves show the long term statistical BER. The x-axis shows a 1 Unit Interval (UI) window. The y-axis shows BER. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 137: Data Bus Summary View
Data Bus Summary Displays a summary of the values measured off of each channel. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 138: Data Bus Theory
These histograms would show many modes or distributions because there are many possible relationships between clock and data edges. These histograms are filtered to show only those times that relate to the measured Data edges closest in time to the Reference Clock Edge. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 139: Datacom Tools
TJ is then only composed of the DJ from the histogram and the 1sigma RJ. Additionally, this tool can take up to 30 minutes to complete an acquisition. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™...
Page 140: Dcd + Isi Histogram View
Shows the most components of jitter • Spectral content of jitter • DCD+ISI (DDJ) • RJ (accumulated effects) • Speed Disadvantages • Need to provide a marker • Need a repeating pattern Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 141 In the case where there is no high frequency jitter component, turning on "Quick Mode" may decrease the test time. This Mode will more sparsely sample and thus may not show high frequency information. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 142 This error generally indicates that the pattern that the instrument is measuring at the input channel is not the same as the pattern chosen. Check that the signal is present and the input pattern matches the chosen pattern. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 143 Bathtub view - UI vs. probability of error • UI Distribution view - # of measurements vs. edge of pattern • Summary view - view data in a text format and save user notes WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 144 If the two histograms are not centered on the same relative time position on the x-axis, this can be an indication of DCD. It can be also be an indication that the voltage level on the input is not set to the correct value. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 145: Dcd + Isi Vs. Edge View
The x-axis shows average edge position relative to the pattern marker. The number of measurements made per edge is set in menu titled DCD+ISI Samples. The y-axis shows time, which is the average edge deviation from its ideal location calculated using the measured bit rate. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 146: 1-Sigma View
PJ present. The 1-sigma values are plotted to give the user a view of the modulation that may be causing PJ. The x-axis shows span of accumulated edges The y-axis shows 1-sigma Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 147: Fft View
The x-axis shows frequency content of the PJ with higher frequency on the right and lower frequency on the left. The y-axis shows the amplitude or power density of the periodic components. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 148: Bathtub View
The x-axis shows 2 UI. The plotted data will be displayed between 0 and 1, a distance that represents one UI. The y-axis shows Bit Error Rate from 0 at the top to 1*10e-16 at the bottom. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 149 DCD+ISI vs. Edge view. A zoomed in view of this plot will show three lines at each edge position; these lines indicate the average location of each edge and the pk-pk size of all measurements taken of each edge. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 150 TJ (total) - Represents the result of the convolution of DJ and RJ. The TJ value is a bounded peak-to-peak value derived from the bathtub curve. X-axis can display UI or time. Y-axis displays BER or time Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 151 The worst-case positive edge location is added to the worst-case negative edge location giving the total DCD+ISI. This can also be thought of as comparing the earliest edge to the latest edge. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 152 Data Pattern Optionally, Tail-Fit allows the accurate determination of random jitter when there is a significant amount of periodic jitter. Refer to Histogram Getting Started Guide for more about Tail-Fit and RJ. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 153 Measure relative to a bit-clock Disadvantages • Needs bit-clock (clock jitter will affect measurements on data) • Frequency of operation may be limited by hardware • No spectral information • Limited DJ accumulation WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 154 Verify the proper input signal levels. • Connect the data signal to any open channel input. • Connect the bit clock to any open channel input. Data Device Under Test Bit Clock Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 155: Histogram View
Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. This plot has Tail-Fit enabled. The red curve on the left and the blue curve on the right indicate the Gaussian curves used for RJ and DJ separation. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 156: Probability Histogram View
Histograms of Data Rising and Falling edge times measured from the Reference Edge of the Bit Clock are plotted. Horizontal x-axis shows time (from Reference Edge of Bit Clock). Vertical y-axis shows the Probability of a Hit. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 157: Bathtub View
The plot gives the user information about failure (when the lines cross) and margin, if the part fails below the specified BER. Horizontal x-axis shows Time (of one unit interval) or Unit Interval. Vertical y-axis shows the BER. Cursor coordinates are displayed on the bottom status line. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 158 Avg-rmsJ, and TJ are displayed. Goodness-of-fits indicates the CHI square values for the measured values and the Tail-fit values. V1 is the threshold of the data edge; V2 is the threshold of the clock edge. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 159 These histograms would show many modes or distributions because there are many possible relationships between clock and data edges. These histograms are filtered to show only those times that relate to the measured Data edges closest in time to the Reference Clock Edge. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 160 There is also no way to determine Data Dependent Jitter (DDJ). Refer to the "Histogram" and "Measurement Technique" Quick Reference Guides. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 161 UI from the Clock reference edge. Additionally, the output of the tool shows the data transition closest to the bit-clock reference edge. An oscilloscope has a trigger delay. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 162 The following figure shows the Rising and Falling histograms which are the actual output of the tool. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 163 Network/live traffic diagnostic/troubleshooting Disadvantages • Absolute measured values may not be correct because algorithms must make assumptions because the pattern is not known • Spectral view includes jitter AND data components · WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 164 Making a Random Data No Marker Measurement Random Data, No Marker Setup Directions • Connect the data signal to any open measurement channel. • Type in the correct bit-rate and press single acquire. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 165 Distortion—a difference in the width of a '1' vs. a '0'— can be seen when the two histograms are not over one another but have some distance between them. The pk-pk of this plot is the DCD+ISI number in the statistics area. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 166 FFT view to show the actual frequency components and amplitude of the modulation. When there is a PLL imbedded in the device transmitting the data, a characteristic curve is often present. Refer to the High Frequency Modulation Theory. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 167 Therefore, a 1/0/1 transition or an 11/00/11 transition show up as frequency components on the FFT. These Periodic components are not directly separated in the Summary table as they are in the dataCOM with Marker Tool. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 168 Jitter (TJ) number in the statistics area is derived from this view. The thick part of the line represents actual measurements. The thin part indicates extrapolated information based on RJ and DJ values. The point at which the color stops is the BER that TJ is determined. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 169 Jitter (TJ) number in the statistics area is derived from this view. The thick part of the line represents actual measurements. The thin part indicates extrapolated information based on RJ and DJ values. The point at which the color stops is the BER that TJ is determined. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 170 UI in the data pattern. Acquiring a statistically significant data set is purely a random event for each UI and each UI may not be weighted equally in the data stream. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 171: Utilities
VISI. For more information on the operation of the DTS-550™ Jitter Generator, Arm Generator or Optical Interface, please refer to the appropriate User Manual or Product Description included with your VISI installation CD. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 173 Gaussian, sawtooth and triangle distributions. Custom distributions may also be entered. Please refer to your DTS-550 User's Manual for more information on the operation of the instrument. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 174 From the Dialog Bar the user can select Once the Jitter Generator is configured; press Tool on the front panel or select the tool icon using the mouse to open the desired measurement tool. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 175 Switch Matrix Tool – DSM-16x Overview The WAVECREST DSM-16(x) is intended to extend the input capability of the SIA-3000™. In Compatibility mode, the DTS-207x input capability can be extended from 2 to 16 channels as a 1 of 8 matrix to the DTS channel input (1 of 8 to channel 1, and 1 of 8 to channel 2 — See Figure below). The DSM-16(x) includes an RS232C cable for connecting to the SIA-3000 and DTS-207x Series of Digital Time Measurement products.
Page 176 The Configuration dialog box will be displayed. Select then select to restart VISI. Reset HW Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 177 Change the Input Channels of the DSM-16 by changing the number on the desired channel. Press Tool on the front panel or select the tool icon using the mouse to open the desired measurement tool. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 179 1X or 2X speeds. For Infiniband (2.5 Gb/s), the unit must be set to 2X Gigabit Ethernet. For further jitter information, refer to the current Fibre Channel Methodologies for Jitter Specification document at www.t11.org. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 180 The “Pickoff OUT” should be connected to the “Detect IN” using the hardline included with the AG-100. • Connect the “Channel OUT” to a channel input on the SIA-3000. • Connect the “Arm OUT” to a channel input on the SIA-3000. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 181 7. The AG-100 is now configured. Open and setup the dataCOM Known Pattern with Marker and perform the measurement. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 182 The unit may be used from the front panel or remotely via the GPIB interface. Once set for remote operation, the GPIB interface gives users full control of the unit though a module in the VISI Software. Section 4 - VISI™ WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 183 High Speed Measurements – A DTS or SIA system with an OE-2 can quickly measure jitter, rise and fall times, average optical power and extinction ratio. ***Please refer to your OE-2 manual for further information WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 185: Composite Plot Tool
To overlay plots, select the View in the tool that has the plot that you want to overlay. Open Composite Tool and select the plot from the View pull-down menu and press Add this Plot. Repeat this process to add other plots. WAVECREST Corporation 2001 Section 4 - VISI™ ©...
Page 187: Appendix A - Macro Overview
(except the channel) to default values, issues a pulsefind command, and then performs a single acquisition. Syntax AppObj.AutoConfig AppObj is the required Visi Application Object. Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.New ("Histogram") Visi.AutoConfig Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 188 This method copies the contents of the current view to the Windows clipboard. Syntax AppObj.Copy AppObj is the required Visi Application Object. Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.New ("Histogram") Visi.SingleStop Visi.Copy Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 189 AppObj is the required Visi Application Object. Decibels is the required Boolean variable indicating whether the current view should be shown in decibels. Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.New ("dataCOM") Visi.FftInDbs(True) Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 190 ‘ Dev = Visi.GpibOpen("hpib,6", 0, 6) ‘Address 6 on HP-UX platforms Visi.GpibSend Dev, ":ARM:SOUR IMM;:TRIG:SOUR INT2" Visi.GpibSend Dev, ":FREQ 150 MHZ" Visi.GpibSend Dev, ":DIG:PATT:DATA #22073222223232233333232" Visi.GpibSend Dev, ":DIG:SIGN1:FORM NRZ;:DIG:SIGN2:FORM RZ" Visi.GpibSend Dev, ":PULS:HOLD2 DCYC;:PULS:DCYC2 50" Visi.GpibSend Dev, ":DIG:PATT ON" Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 191 AppObj is the required Visi Application Object. Show is the required Boolean variable indicating whether a Grid should be displayed on the current plot view. Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.New ("Histogram") Visi.Grid(False) Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 192 - This method minimizes the current child view inside the main window frame. Syntax AppObj.Minimize AppObj is the required Visi Application Object. Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.Open ("C:\Visi\dataCOM1.vtd") Visi.Open ("C:\Visi\Histogram1.vtd") Visi.Minimize Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 193 ToolType is a required String variable that contains the type of tool to create. It may be one of the following: BitClockDataCom CompositePlot HiFreqMod Histogram JitterGenerator Locktime LoFreqMod MarkerDataCom MarkerlessDataCom Oscilloscope PhaseNoise RandomDataCom Skew Statistics StripChart SwitchMatrix Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.New ("Histogram") Visi.New ("Oscilloscope") Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 194 Visi.New ("Histogram") Visi.Overlay 4 PulseFind Method - Issues the PulseFind command to the current tool. Syntax AppObj.PulseFind AppObj is the required Visi Application Object. Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.New ("Histogram") Visi.PulseFind Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 195 View menu is activated. These view names are also displayed in the Title Bars of the individual views. Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.New ("Histogram") Visi.New ("HiFreqMod") Visi.SingleStop Visi.Select ("Histogram1") Visi.SingleStop Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 196 - This method can be used to hide or show the ToolBar at the top of the main window frame. Syntax AppObj.ToolBar(Show) AppObj is the required Visi Application Object. Show is the required Boolean variable indicating whether the ToolBar should be shown or not. Example Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 197 Dim Visi Set Visi = CreateObject ("Visi.Application") Visi.Open ("C:\Visi\dataCOM1.vtd") Visi.Zoom 450, 450, 550, 550 Visi.MsgBox “This is zoomed to 50% of normal” Visi.Zoom 400, 400, 600, 600 Visi.MsgBox “This is zoomed to the default extents” Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 198 Next Do...Loop Do [{While | Until} condition] [statements] [Exit Do] [statements] Loop Or, you can use this equally valid syntax: [statements] [Exit Do] [statements] Loop [{While | Until} condition] While...Wend While condition [statements] Wend Appendix A WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 199: Appendix B - Tailfit™ Theory
Jitter Specification is Fixed at 1 UI. The user may still choose the Bit Error Probability at which the TJ is read. Refer to Technical Bulletin TB 9 "A New Method for RJ/DJ Separation" Appendix B WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 200 The right, Summary view shows the values for goodness-of-fits (Chi-squared), extracted DJ and fitted rmsJ. The rmsJ values are smaller than the 1-sigma for the histogram. The bottom, Accumulated Histogram View shows the Gaussian curves fitted to the left and right tails. Appendix B WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 201: Appendix C - Calibration
The instrument firmware version is used by VISI™ to determine which features the instruments can support and is displayed at the top of the dialog window (See figure below). **Make sure matched cables are used in all calibrations.** Appendix C WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 202 'Period'.) • The Histogram should be comparable to the figure below. The Timer Cal is good if: • Pk-Pk is about 25ps or less • 1-sigma is about 2.5ps or less. Appendix C WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 203 Press Pulse Find and GO (Make sure that the measurement is set to 'Period'.) • The Histogram should be comparable to the figure below. • If the Period is 1.111ns ±10ps the Deskew cal is good. Appendix C WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 204 . Observe the Pulse Find Box (See figure below). voltage values will be displayed for the channels that the user Minimum Maximum Threshold has selected. Deskew with DC cal is good if: voltage is 0.000V ±10mv. Threshold(s) Appendix C WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 205 GPIB 10/100BaseT Ethernet Parallel Port, 25 pin D-sub RS-232, 9 pin D-sub VGA, 15 pin D-sub Data Storage ........... 10 Gb (minimum) internal hard drive. 3.5” MS-DOS compatible, 120 MB Superdisk™ ® floppy drive. Appendix D WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 206 500 ps (1 period) to 5 ms (10,000,000) periods. Included in this plot is the noise floor specification data point, which is < 3 ps rms for a 1000 sample measurement with 1.0 V , 500–3000 MHz differential sine wave input. Appendix D WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 207 <200 fs over the entire frequency range. The High Frequency Modulation tool provides the capability to measure low frequency periodic components (>100 kHz) on a carrier. Typical plot below showing a sinusoidal component added to a carrier: Appendix D WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 208 1 kHz sine with a 100 Hz peak deviation. The 1 kHz spectral component has a magnitude of 25 as and the background noise is <1 as. NOTE: 1 attosecond (as) equals 10 sec. Appendix D WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 209 10 MHz to 3 GHz Typical Return Loss vs. Frequency -1 0 Positive Terminal Negat ive Terminal -15dB REF 1 .5 Frequency (GHz) Note: Typical measurements provide non-warranted information about system performance or capabilities. Appendix D WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 210 This equipment is to be connected to supply mains using the power cord provided with the product. Transient over voltages are to be less than the limits defined by installation category II, Annex J of EN61010-1. Appendix D WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 211: Glossary Of Terms
1-sigma Arm Violation - An example of an arm violation of the 1-sigma plot looks like the figure below. As the 1- sigma plot is being generated one of the histograms that is being generated actually has 2 histograms (see Histogram Arm Violation). Thus, the 1-sigma value is very large and you get the spikes shown. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 212 This text will be displayed, saved and printed with the summary page. Also, right clicking on the summary view will open the annotation editor. Apply - Implement changes/parameters indicated. Arm1 Edge - DTS compatibility mode. Select rising or falling edge for Arm1. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 213 Auto Scale - Analyzes the waveform and automatically configures the Delay, Range, and Resolution to display the waveform. Average Power Limit - Pass-Fail limit value. This will be automatically se to the standard limit in each protocol if a protocol has been selected. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 214 1e-12. This setting has a direct effect on the TJ value that is calculated. For example, TJ at 1e-6 will be lower (smaller) than TJ at 1e-12. BER = 1e-12 BER = 1e-6 Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 215 See Appendix C for a complete explanation of all calibration features. Cancel - Closes main dialog bar for choosing VISI tools and returns to previous dialog bar view. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 216 Comma Detect - Select either On or Off. Comma detect On allows the SERDES to align the incoming data precisely on half-word boundaries. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 217 Course Delay Bypass - Select either On or Off. Selecting On will bypass the coarse delay options. In Edge Count Mode, the coarse delay bypass is automatically placed On. Course Delay Index - Select the number of coarse delays 0-39. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 218 This is equalizing the time delay between the bit clock and the data rising and data falling edges. Cumulative Cycles (Adjacent Cycle) - Allows a measurement to be made over more than one consecutive period Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 219 'Average Skew' of this data set as the Skew plus 1UI (note that in the example, the offset from the center of the two peaks is an additional UI). Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 220 The last situation occurs when the distance between the Data histograms isn't correct. As you can see in the following figure, the UI should be 321ps (3.125Gbps) but the actual distance is 212ps. The reason for this can be found by examining the clock histogram. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 221 65.48ps 1-Sigma 232.137ps 5.718ps Maximum 326.255ps 180.262ps Minimum -0.974406ns 134.361ps Pk-Pk 1.300662ns 45.901ps Unit Interval 212.002ps 321.493ps Avg-Skew 155.599ps Chi-Squared Lt 7.220909 Chi-Squared Rt 55.298004 Channel Voltages -0.002872V -0.002431V Duty Cycle 47.651066% Hits 270,000 435,231 Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 222 The bottom plot is from the dataCOM with Marker tool and shows a representation of the pattern where each edge is actually a histogram of edge measurements. The jagged line represents the mean deviation of each edge relative to its ideal time. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 223 DCD+ISI data in the DCD+ISI vs. Edge plot window. This feature allows the modeling of receiver performance given the measured (transmitted) data pattern if the characteristics of the receiver are known. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 224 MIN, MEAN and MAX times can be seen in the DCD + ISI vs. Edge view. It is the mean value of the histogram which is compared to an ideal unit interval for each edge. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 225 Four kinds of deterministic jitter are identified: duty cycle distortion (DCD), data dependent (DDJ), sinusoidal (PJ) and bounded uncorrelated (BUJ) (to the data) jitter. DJ is characterized by its bounded, peak-to-peak value. Some typical causes of DJ are: crosstalk, switching power supplies and EMI. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 226 Release the mouse button when the marker is positioned in the desired location. Note that you do not need to click directly on top of a marker in order to select it. The marker nearest your pick point will be selected. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 227 Period, a value of zero will create a histogram of single period measurements. A value of one will create a histogram of double period measurements, etc. Thus, when skipping one edge, the mean measurement would be doubled. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 228 The number of measurements corresponds to the sample size selected. When the number of measurements equal to the sample size is collected, computations are made and displayed in the statistics menus. See also Auto arming External Calibration - Performs a calibration of the OE-2. Step by step instructions are displayed. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 229 "From Markers". Once filters have been enabled, the reacquired data will show the filtered region. Maximum and minimum times (+/- 2.49 seconds) can be entered in pico, nano-, micro-, milli- or seconds depending on Units selection. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 230 Help Button - Clicking on the button activates context sensitive help. Once activated, the cursor changes to the Help Topics icon and will remain so until another click of the pointing device occurs. Upon clicking the second time, help text will be displayed. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 231 637kHz, a Fibre Channel standard, except for the High Frequency Modulation Tool that is 100kHz. -3dB Lower Rolloff Frequency affects how much data is acquired and, therefore, the choice of this value also affects the test time. See the Theory Section for High Frequency. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 232 10 thousand billion clock cycles. Therefore, jitter measurements are critical during the prototyping and developmental stages of the semiconductor devices. The more accurately device performance is measured and errors corrected prior to production, the faster the device can ultimately operate. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 233 5 edge after that. This is the wrong transition and will be 1UI or more off. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 234 Macro Play (Action menu) - Allows a user to playback a series of steps that were previously recorded. Macro Record (Action menu) - Allows a user to record a series of steps that can then be replayed. Map Network Drive - Make a network drive available to this instrument. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 235 Measure Bit Rate (Mb/s) - Measures the Bit Rate based on a correctly defined pattern. The bit rate is derived by measuring the total time over a number of pattern repeats and calculating an ideal unit interval. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 236 Modulation Measure - Select if modulation should be measured in "extinction ratio" or "optical modulation amplitude". Modulation Unit - Select unit of measure for modulation ( dB, ratio in Extinction Ratio; or mW, W, in Optical Modulation Amplitude). Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 237 The most recent measurement is a dark line while previous measurements are light lines of the same color. Padding Multiplier - Padding increases the frequency resolution of the FFT. Default is 16. Generally, a higher padding value will increase transformation processing time. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 238 Print command (Tool menu) - Use this selection to print a tool view. This command presents a Print dialog box, where you may specify the range of pages to be printed, the number of copies, the destination printer and other printer setup options. Shortcut Keys: CTRL+P Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 239 Range (ns) - Sets the length of the x-axis in the Time View. Changing this value affects the resolution of the FFT. Range (Periods) - Number of periods over which measurements are plotted. Edges to Measure determines number of periods within this range are to be measured. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 240 Any value entered MUST be above the frequency that is set for the –3db freq. The –3db frequency setting controls how much data is acquired and the Brickwall filter value is applied to that data. (see figure below) Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 241 Show Derivative - Plots the difference between the current measurement and the previous measurement. Show Grid command (Display menu) - If checked/selected, vertical and horizontal grid lines will be displayed on the activated plot. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 242 Indicates the status of the macro recorder. The current tool is repetitively acquiring measurements. BUSY The instrument is currently busy performing an operation. Stop Arm - Choose channel for Stop Arming input. See also Arming. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 243 The pulse width will be the same for all division factors from 1-255. However, when a value larger than 255 is used in this control, the SYNC OUT waveform will appear as a clock-type waveform with identical high and low times. Sync Frequency (MHz) - Sets the SYNC OUT frequency (MHz). Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 244 The percentage can be specified using the Accuracy option. Optionally the number of tail- fits to perform can be explicitly set. For a more detailed explanation of Tail-fit, see Appendix B. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 245 Total Delay - Displays total delay in nanoseconds. Total Jitter - Total jitter is the convolution of Deterministic Jitter (DJ) and Random Jitter (RJ). (See Fibre Channel Methodologies for Jitter Specification REV 10 page 30 at ftp://ftp.t11.org) Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 246 Values on Plot...command (Display Menu) - When selected, the a dialog box pops up providing the option of displaying all or select measurement data in text format in the active tool window. The example below is from the High Frequency Modulation Tool. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 247 Window Maximum - Enter maximum filtering time in seconds. See also Filters. Window Minimum - Enter minimum filtering time in seconds. See also Filters. Window Width - Enter filter range (0 to ±2.49 seconds) of Window Filter. See also Filters. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
Page 248 Zoom In, click and drag using the left mouse button until the area to be enlarged is highlighted. This can be done repeatedly until the desired magnification is achieved. To Zoom Out, double click the left mouse button. Glossary WAVECREST Corporation 2001 ©...
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Page 250 WAVECREST Corporation World Headquarters: West Coast Office: Europe Office: Japan Office: 7626 Golden Triangle Drive 1735 Technology Drive, Ste. 400 Hansastrasse 136 Otsuka Sentcore Building, 6F Eden Prairie, MN 55344 San Jose, CA 95110 D-81373 München 3-46-3 Minami-Otsuka TEL: TEL:...

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