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Related Manuals for Kistler 9238B Series
Summary of Contents for Kistler 9238B Series
- Page 1 Instruction Manual Surface Strain Transmitter Type 9238B... 9238B_002-542e-02.23...
- Page 3 Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its products and make changes in the content without obliga- tion to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... Content Introduction ........................... 4 Important notes ..........................5 For your safety ........................5 Unpacking ..........................6 Notes on using the transmitter ..................... 6 Hints on using this instruction manual .................. - Page 5 Introduction Kistler calibration service ..................... 31 Operation ............................. 32 Setting up strain transmitter Type 9238B... with ManuWare ..........32 6.1.1 Configuration examples ..................36 Resolution of measurement signal ..................38 ...
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Page 6: Introduction
It will help you with the installation, maintenance, and use of this product. To the extent permitted by law Kistler does not accept any liability if this instruction manual is not followed or prod- ucts other than those listed under Accessories are used. -
Page 7: Important Notes
Important notes 2. Important notes It is essential for you to study the following notes, which are for your personal safety during work, and to ensure long term, fault-free operation of this product. For your safety This product has been thoroughly tested and has left the factory in a perfectly safe condition. -
Page 8: Unpacking
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... Unpacking Check all packaging for transport damage. Report any such damage to the transporters and to the authorized Kistler distributor. Check accessories delivered (see section 8.7), before first use of the equipment. Report any missing parts to the au- thorized Kistler distributor. -
Page 9: General Description
(or compressive strain). The measurand is dimensionless. The SI unit of strain as a relative measure is [m/m]. Kistler uses as the unit for relative strain 1 = 1 microstrain = 10 m/m = m/m –6... -
Page 10: What Is The Purpose Of A Strain Transmitter
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 3.2 What is the purpose of a strain transmitter? A strain transmitter is primarily used to measure the surface strain of a structure. However, as in all processes in which forces are applied, the load-bearing structure of the ma- chine undergoes a greater or lesser tensile or compressive strain, a strain transmitter can be used equally effectively for indirect measurement of dynamic and quasistatic forc-... -
Page 11: Design And Principle Of Operation Of Strain Transmitter Type 9238B
Flexible adjustment of the output signal thanks to fully- digital amplifier Absolute protection against overload The Kistler strain transmitter Type 9238B... is supplied cali- brated and is ready for immediate use. 3.3 Design and principle of operation of strain transmitter Type 9238B... -
Page 12: Measurement Principle
The transmitter is designed so that a strain generates a negative charge. The integral charge amplifier standardly converts this into a positive output signal according to a Kistler convention. The signs change accordingly for com- pressive strain. 3.3.3 Integral fully-digital charge amplifier The strain transmitter Type 9238B... -
Page 13: Factory Calibration Of Transmitter
General description Fig. 4: Block circuit diagram of strain transmitter Type 9238B... The charge amplifier with preamplifier is designed using proven high-insulation technology. After this stage the output signal of the preamplifier is digitized at 1 kHz and processed in the microcontroller. Full scale voltage, offset and signal inversion are calculated digitally in real time. - Page 14 Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... Fig. 5: Example of an included calibration certificate The results of factory calibration can be used for direct measurement of strain. The shown sensitivity can be used by the postprocessing system (e.g. data acquisition) to cor- rectly interpret the output signal (e.g.
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Page 15: Installation And Commissioning
Installation and commissioning 4. Installation and commissioning Important instructions The strain transmitter Type 9238B... is a precision instru- ment whose specifications can only be fully exploited with correct use and only retained with careful handling. Please observe the following instructions: ... -
Page 16: Surface Materials
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... It is scarcely possible to find measuring points on machines whose strains are the result of pure tensile and compressive stresses. At practically every measuring point the strain is a combination of tensile or compressive and bending stress- es. -
Page 17: Allowing For Thermal Effects
Installation and commissioning 4.3 Allowing for thermal effects Any setup used to measure strains arising in mechanical engineering applications is susceptible to two types of thermal effects: Effect 1 Error signals due to temperature differences between strain sensor and structure to be measured (even if the coeffi- cients of thermal expansion of structure and sensor are equal). -
Page 18: Self-Heating
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 4.3.1 Self-heating The charge amplifier with controller incorporated in the strain transmitter Type 9238B... itself generates heat. This self-heating can be more or less depending on the mode of operation. As a guide it may be assumed that, with an am- bient temperature of 20 °, the drift due to self-heating with a cycle time of <20 s will never exceed 0,8 μ... - Page 19 Installation and commissioning Fig. 6: Preparation of bearing surface of strain transmit- ter Type 9238B... The machined surface can be either rectangular or concen- tric. To ensure the transmitter Type 9238B... with the am- plifier case does not lie on the surface, it must not be re- cessed deeper than 0,2 mm into the surrounding surface.
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Page 20: Mounting
For a controlled tightening torque the thread and the screw head bearing surfaces must be greased (for ex- ample using Kistler special grease Type 1063). IMPORTANT: Make sure no grease gets on the bearing surfaces between strain transmitter and structure surface. -
Page 21: Connecting Strain Transmitter Type 9238B
Installation and commissioning Connecting strain transmitter Type 9238B... Measuring signal, range switching, cycle control, commu- nication interface and power supply are fed through a sin- gle cable to the transmitter (e.g. Type 1787A5 or 1789A5). The cable is connected to the transmitter via an 8-pole M12x1 connector. -
Page 22: Connecting Strain Transmitter Type 9238B
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 4.6.2 Connecting strain transmitter Type 9238B... Minimum version Depending on the application is not necessary to connect all wires. In the simplest configuration only the power sup- ply, measurement signal and /Measure signal are used (5 wires). - Page 23 Installation and commissioning Maximum version If all of the possibilities are to be used, the transmitter is connected as follows. Fig. 10: Maximum version of connection with power supply, cycle control, range switching, measuring signal and RS-232C serial interface. Cycle control (/Measure) and range switching (/Range II) can be activated either actively by means of a PLC or pas- sively through a switch contact.
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Page 24: Cable Concept
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 4.6.3 Cable concept In the normal mode the strain transmitter Type 9238B... is connected with a connecting cable Type 1787A... (5 m, 20 m or custom length). This cable connects the power supply and the required signals to the control cabinet. The maximum version of the connection (see Section 4.6.2 Connecting strain transmitter Type 9238B...) is also possi- ble with the connecting cable Type 1787A…. -
Page 25: Commissioning
Installation and commissioning 4.7 Commissioning 4.7.1 Simplest form of measurement – relative When the strain transmitter Type 9238B... has been mounted and connected, measurement can be started im- mediately. After switching on the power supply the trans- mitter is ready for measurement in a maximum of 1 s. Please note that self-heating after switching on causes the signal to drift (see Section 4.3.1). -
Page 26: Simplest Form Of Measurement - Strain
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 4.7.2 Simplest form of measurement – strain If the range settings of the transmitter are taken into ac- count, the analog measuring signal can be interpreted as strain and therefore measured absolutely. The following settings are made in the factory: Measuring range I –500 ... -
Page 27: Range Switching
Installation and commissioning 4.7.3 Range switching The measuring range can be adjusted in different ways: 1. Hardware range switching 2. Software range switching 3. Reprogramming of measuring range If Pin 5 /Range II is left open or taken HIGH (>3,2 V), measuring range I is active, which means that a 10 V out- put signal corresponds to a strain of 500 μ. -
Page 28: Indirect Force Measurement
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 4.7.4 Indirect force measurement In most applications it is not sufficient to only measure relatively or only measure strain. The item of interest is the process force that is to be measured indirectly via the strain. -
Page 29: Calibration And Maintenance
Calibration and maintenance 5. Calibration and maintenance Surface strain transmitters Type 9238B... are reliable in- struments needing virtually no maintenance. Please read the following two sections to ensure reliable long-term op- eration. In-Situ calibration of surface strain transmitter Type 9238B... Absolute measurement results can only be achieved if the complete measurement assembly consisting of strain transmitter Type 9238B... -
Page 30: Test System Requirements
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 5.1.1.1 Test system requirements Reference measuring chain The reference measuring chain consists of a calibrated preloaded force sensor and charge amplifier (e.g. Type 5015); (e.g. calibration set Type Z21136A…) Signal conditioning The signal readout devices for both the reference and test systems must be equipped with peak-hold func- tionality. -
Page 31: Load Application
Calibration and maintenance 5.1.1.3 Load application A typical load cycle is shown in Figure 16. 1. The system must be in an unloaded condition to define the zero force bias; 2. Reset the charge amplifiers and, if necessary, the peak hold functions for both the reference and test system measurement channels. -
Page 32: Calibration Process Worksheet
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 5.1.1.4 Calibration process worksheet Set the sensor sensitivity and the measuring range on the charge amplifier of the reference measur- ing chain. The measuring range must be larger than the maximum force of the load cycle being run, but should not be more than 1,25 times greater. -
Page 33: Kistler Calibration Service
Kistler offers the following calibra- tion services: Swiss Calibration Service (SCS) Kistler is accredited as SCS Calibration Center No. 049 for equipment measuring pressure, force, acceleration and electrical charge. To ensure traceability and specified measurement uncertainties, calibration equipment and methods are regularly monitored and audited. -
Page 34: Operation
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 6. Operation 6.1 Setting up strain transmitter Type 9238B... with ManuWare The parameters of the transmitter are set entirely via the integral serial interface with the aid of the included config- uration program ManuWare (see Figure 17). The user in- terface allows simple, convenient setting of the transmitter to suit the existing measurement requirements. - Page 35 Operation Fig. 18: Opening window of ManuWare Installation There are now the following options: Install ManuWare Start ManuWare from CD Display (and print as required) documentation Update firmware of the supported instruments The program can only be installed with Administrator rights or if installation has been explicitly enabled by the Adminis- trator.
- Page 36 Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... Fig. 19: The AutoScan function is used to scan all of the found COM ports for supported instruments. Double-clicking the corresponding measuring channel opens the dialog box to set the meas- urement parameters. Setting up Instruments Double-clicking one measuring channel of an instrument in the project tree opens a Properties dialog box in which all of the relevant parameters for measurement can be set.
- Page 37 Operation Fig. 21: The mouse can be used to drag and drop display objects onto the worksheet and assign measuring channels to these objects. A test measurement can be started in four different ways: Using the ManuWare menu (>Measurement>Start Measurement) ...
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Page 38: Configuration Examples
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 6.1.1 Configuration examples Example 1 Input signal –300 … 300 μwith positive output signal of 0 … 10 V Measuring range of input signal set to 300 μ FSO set to 5 V ... - Page 39 Operation Example 3 Input signal –500 … 500 μwith live zero at 1 V and 9 V Measuring range of input signal set to 500 μ FSO set to 9 V Offset voltage set to 1 V ...
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Page 40: Resolution Of Measurement Signal
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 6.2 Resolution of measurement signal The resolution is the smallest possible change in the meas- urand measurable with the system. It is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio at the signal output of the transmitter. As the output signal of the strain transmitter Type 9238B... originates from a 12-bit digital-to-analog converter, the digital noise is 5 mV. -
Page 41: Maintenance
Maintenance 7. Maintenance The strain transmitter Type 9238B... is a reliable instrument needing virtually no maintenance. Please read the follow- ing section to ensure a long and reliable service life. 7.1 Overload protection The strain transmitter Type 9238B... is designed to ensure it is not damaged by being overloaded. -
Page 42: Remedying Faults
In all other cases please proceed as follows: Contact your local Kistler distributor and notify return of the faulty instrument. Send the faulty strain transmitter to the Kistler distribu- tor in its original packaging or packed so that it is well protected ... -
Page 43: Technical Data
Remedying faults Kistler will endeavor to repair your strain transmitter in the shortest possible time and at minimum cost, and will return it to you in as new condition. 8.3 Technical data Measuring ranges, preset Measuring range I –500 ... 500 μ... - Page 44 Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... Control signals Control voltage 3,2 ... 30 Current consumption <±1 Reset/Measure swit- 0 ... 500/0 ... 50 μ ching (Pin 3) Reset 3,2 ... 30 (or disconnected) Measure 0 ... 0,6 Delay <10 Measuring range switching (Pin 5) Measuring range I 3,2 ...
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Page 45: Dimensions Of Type 9238B
Remedying faults 8.4 Dimensions of Type 9238B… Fig. 22: Dimensions of surface strain transmitter Type 9238B… 8.5 Pin allocation Pin allocation for strain transmitter with connecting cable Type 1787A… or Type 1789A… . Fig. 23: Pin allocation, as viewed on the female connect- or of the transmitter Signal Core color... -
Page 46: Ordering Key
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 8.6 Ordering key Type 9238B10 Measuring range Standard calibration (Measuring range I = 500 /II = 50 / Calibration to customer specification available on request Included accessories Mat. No. Protective cap for connector 65008335 ... -
Page 47: Annex
The capacitance, and thus the length of the connecting cable, has no influence on the measuring result when Kistler special cables and Kistler charge amplifiers are used. Calibrated measuring range Measuring range or part of the measuring range for which the sensor has been calibrated. - Page 48 Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... Disturbance Forces, moments and environmental influences acting on the sensor such as the temperature, which the sensor does not measure as a measurand and which produce an output signal (error). Example: when an additional bending mo- ment acts on a force sensor.
- Page 49 See "Coulomb". Piezoelectric The characteristic of quartz crystals in which mechanical loading produces a proportional electric charge. Quasistatic Describes the ability of Kistler sensors and charge amplifiers to undertake short-term measurements or DC-similar measurements. Range see "Measuring range" Scaling Output voltage per unit of the measurand at the analog or monitor output of a charge amplifier.
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Page 50: Measurement Uncertainty
Laboratory charge amplifier 1 % FSO Industrial charge amplifier Higher accuracy can be achieved with the following proce- dures: Calibration in the Kistler factory Calibration with charge amplifier Type 5395A Restriction of the temperature range Random errors, precision, reproducibility... -
Page 51: Linearity
Errors due to zero drift caused by influences changing with time, such as the tem- perature, are thus basically excluded. With Kistler piezoelectric measuring chains, a typical repeata- bility within 0,1 % FSO can be assumed. 9.3 Linearity... - Page 52 Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... Best straight line – mathematical definition The minimization of maximum deviation is known as Che- byshev’s approximation. The best straight line is deter- mined as follows: x = measurand (reference) Q = sensor charge signal or output signal from the charge amplifier ...
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Page 53: Frequency Range
Annex 9.4 Frequency range Because of their mechanical quality, piezoelectric sensors have very low damping. The useful frequency range is lim- ited in the upwards direction by the increasing resonance rise. Key: f Measuring frequency Natural frequency Amplitude ratio The following approximate values apply to the amplitude error or achievable accuracy as a function of frequency: ... -
Page 54: Influence Of Temperature
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... In their dynamic behavior, piezoelectric sensors are superior to all other measuring methods. Their high rigidity results in the highest possible natural frequencies. Piezoelectric sensors are thus ideal for measuring measurands which change rapidly over time. Their dynamic behavior is there- by largely determined by the surrounding structure. - Page 55 Annex Temperature gradient error (dynamic error) A temporary change in the output signal is denoted as temperature gradient error, when the temperature of the environment or surrounding medium changes with a cer- tain rate. In this case, the sensor is not in thermal equilibri- um with the environment.
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Page 56: Index
Surface Strain Transmitter, Type 9238B... 10. Index Hysteresis ............46 Accessories ............ 44 Accuracy ..........48, 51 Indirect Force Measurement ......26 Areas of application ......... 8 Installing ............32 AutoScan ............33 Insulation resistance ........46 Block circuit diagram ........11 Linearity ............ - Page 57 Index Resolution ............38 Systematic errors ..........48 Resonance frequency ........51 Rigidity ............52 Temperature coefficient ......47, 53 Temperature error .......... 52 Safety ............... 5 Temperature gradient error ......53 Scaling ............47 Tensile strain ............ 7 Self-heating ............ 16 Test measurement .........
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